Witola, Basis of Anthelmintic Resistance and Development Of
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Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths
Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths Contributors J. H. Arundel • J. H. Boersema • C. F. A. Bruyning • J. H. Cross A. Davis • A. De Muynck • P. G. Janssens • W. S. Kammerer IF. Michel • M.H. Mirck • M.D. Rickard F. Rochette M. M. H. Sewell • H. Vanden Bossche Editors H. Vanden Bossche • D.Thienpont • P.G. Janssens UNIVERSITATS- BlfiUOTHElC Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction. A. DAVIS A. Pathogenic Mechanisms in Man 1 B. Modes of Transmission 2 C. Clinical Sequelae of Infection 3 D. Epidemiological Considerations 3 E. Chemotherapy 4 F. Conclusion 5 References 5 CHAPTER 2 Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Human Populations C. F. A. BRUYNING A. Introduction 7 B. Epidemiological or "Mathematical" Models and Control 8 C. Nematodes 11 I. Angiostrongylus costaricensis 11 II. Anisakis marina 12 III. Ascaris lumbricoides 14 IV. Capillaria philippinensis 21 V. Enterobius vermicularis 23 VI. Gnathostoma spinigerum 25 VII. Hookworms: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus . 26 VIII. Oesophagostoma spp 32 IX. Strongyloides stercoralis 33 X. Ternidens deminutus 34 XI. Trichinella spiralis 35 XII. Trichostrongylus spp 38 XIII. Trichuris trichiura 39 D. Trematodes 41 I. Echinostoma spp 41 II. Fasciolopsis buski 42 III. Gastrodiscoides hominis 44 IV. Heterophyes heterophyes 44 V. Metagonimus yokogawai 46 X Contents E. Cestodes 47 I. Diphyllobothrium latum 47 II. Dipylidium caninum 50 III. Hymenolepis diminuta 51 IV. Hymenolepis nana 52 V. Taenia saginata 54 VI. Taenia solium 57 VII. Cysticercosis cellulosae 58 References 60 CHAPTER 3 Epidemiology and Control of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Domestic Animals J. F. MICHEL. With 20 Figures A. Introduction 67 I. -
NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed of Via Sanitary Sewer Or Solid Waste
NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed Of Via Sanitary Sewer or Solid Waste (+)-A-TOCOPHEROL ACID SUCCINATE (+,-)-VERAPAMIL, HYDROCHLORIDE 1-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE 1-AMINO-1-CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID 1-BROMOOCTADECANE 1-CARBOXYNAPHTHALENE 1-DECENE 1-HYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,5,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 1-NONENE 1-TETRADECENE 1-THIO-B-D-GLUCOSE 1-TRIDECENE 1-UNDECENE 2-ACETAMIDO-1-AZIDO-1,2-DIDEOXY-B-D-GLYCOPYRANOSE 2-ACETAMIDOACRYLIC ACID 2-AMINO-4-CHLOROBENZOTHIAZOLE 2-AMINO-2-(HYDROXY METHYL)-1,3-PROPONEDIOL 2-AMINOBENZOTHIAZOLE 2-AMINOIMIDAZOLE 2-AMINO-5-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID 2-AMINOPURINE 2-ANILINOETHANOL 2-BUTENE-1,4-DIOL 2-CHLOROBENZYLALCOHOL 2-DEOXYCYTIDINE 5-MONOPHOSPHATE 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE 2-DEOXY-D-RIBOSE 2'-DEOXYURIDINE 2'-DEOXYURIDINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE 2-HYDROETHYL ACETATE 2-HYDROXY-4-(METHYLTHIO)BUTYRIC ACID 2-METHYLFLUORENE 2-METHYL-2-THIOPSEUDOUREA SULFATE 2-MORPHOLINOETHANESULFONIC ACID 2-NAPHTHOIC ACID 2-OXYGLUTARIC ACID 2-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID 2-PYRIDINEALDOXIME METHIODIDE 2-STEP CHEMISTRY STEP 1 PART D 2-STEP CHEMISTRY STEP 2 PART A 2-THIOLHISTIDINE 2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC ACID 2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC HYDRAZIDE 3-ACETYLINDOLE 3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZINE 3-AMINO-L-TYROSINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE 3-CARBETHOXY-2-PIPERIDONE 3-CHLOROCYCLOBUTANONE SOLUTION 3-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZOIC ACID 3-(DIETHYLAMINO)-7-[[P-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PHENYL]AZO]-5-PHENAZINIUM CHLORIDE 3-HYDROXYTROSINE 1 9/26/2005 NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed Of Via Sanitary Sewer or Solid Waste 3-HYDROXYTYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-METHYL-1-PHENYL-2-PYRAZOLIN-5-ONE -
Review Article a BRIEF REVIEW on the MODE of ACTION of ANTINEMATODAL DRUGS
Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 2017, 67 (2), 137-152 UDK: 615.284.03 DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0013 Review article A BRIEF REVIEW ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF ANTINEMATODAL DRUGS ABONGWA Melanie, MARTIN Richard J., ROBERTSON Alan P.* Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA (Received 01 May, Accepted 24 May 2017) Anthelmintics are some of the most widely used drugs in veterinary medicine. Here we review the mechanism of action of these compounds on nematode parasites. Included are the older classes of compounds; the benzimidazoles, cholinergic agonists and macrocyclic lactones. We also consider newer anthelmintics, including emodepside, derquantel and tribendimidine. In the absence of vaccines for most parasite species, control of nematode parasites will continue to rely on anthelmintic drugs. As a consequence, vigilance in detecting drug resistance in parasite populations is required. Since resistance development appears almost inevitable, there is a continued and pressing need to fully understand the mode of action of these compounds. It is also necessary to identify new drug targets and drugs for the continued effective control of nematode parasites. Key words: anthelmintic, parasite, benzimidazoles, avermectins, cholinergic, emodepside, derquantel INTRODUCTION Anthelmintics are drugs that are used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms (helminths) [1]. There are three major groups of helminths namely: nematodes (roundworms), trematodes (fl ukes) and cestodes (tapeworms). These groups of helminths are divided into two phyla; nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminths (trematodes and cestodes) [2]. Anthelmintics either kill worms or cause their expulsion from the body, without causing any signifi cant damage to the host [3]. -
(12) STANDARD PATENT (11) Application No. AU 2015276941 B2 (19) AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE
(12) STANDARD PATENT (11) Application No. AU 2015276941 B2 (19) AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE (54) Title Parasiticidal compositions comprising indole derivatives, methods and uses thereof (51) International Patent Classification(s) C07D 401/04 (2006.01) C07D 209/10 (2006.01) A01N 43/38 (2006.01) C07D 401/12 (2006.01) A01N 43/40 (2006.01) HO3K 5/04 (2006.01) A01P 15/00 (2006.01) HO3K 7/00 (2006.01) C07D 209/08 (2006.01) (21) Application No: 2015276941 (22) Date of Filing: 2015.06.19 (87) WIPO No: W015/196014 (30) Priority Data (31) Number (32) Date (33) Country 62/014,245 2014.06.19 US (43) Publication Date: 2015.12.23 (44) Accepted Journal Date: 2018.07.19 (71) Applicant(s) Merial, Inc. (72) Inventor(s) Meng, Charles;Le Hir De Fallois, Loic (74) Agent / Attorney FB Rice Pty Ltd, L 23 44 Market St, Sydney, NSW, 2000, AU (56) Related Art Spycher, S., et al. "Mode of action-based classification and prediction of activity of uncouplers for the screening of chemical inventories."(2008) SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research vol 19(5-6) page 433-463. JOHN F. POLETTO ET AL, "Synthesis and antiinflammatory evaluation of certain 5-alkoxy-2,7-dialkyltryptamines", JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, (1973), vol. 16, no. 7, pages 757 - 765 CONDE J J ET AL, "Towards the synthesis of osteoclast inhibitor SB-242784", TETRAHEDRON LETTERS, (2003), vol. 44, no. 15, pages 3081 - 3084 WANG ET AL, JOURNAL OF FLUORINE CHEMISTRY, (2007), vol. 128, no. 10, pages 1143 - 1152 WO 2012088431 Al WO 2011060746 Al HONG X ET AL, "Photodesulfonylation of indoles initiated by electron transfer from triethylamine", TETRAHEDRON LETTERS, (2006) vol. -
Feed Inspector's Manual
Feed Inspector’s Manual Sixth Edition Published by Association of American Feed Control Officials Inspection and Sampling Committee © February 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One - Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Chapter Two - Safety ...................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter Three - Sampling............................................................................................................... 14 Chapter Four - Label Review........................................................................................................ 37 Chapter Five - Feed Investigations ............................................................................................... 75 Chapter Six - GMP Inspections ................................................................................................. 78 Chapter Seven - Feed Ingredients ................................................................................................... 98 Chapter Eight - VFD's...................................................................................................................101 Chapter Nine - BSE .................................................................................................................... 105 - FDA Compliance Guide 67 ............................................................................... 108 - FDA Compliance Guide 68 ............................................................................... -
Parasiticides: Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Moxidectin Livestock
Parasiticides: Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Moxidectin Livestock 1 Identification of Petitioned Substance* 2 3 Chemical Names: 48 Ivermectin: Heart Guard, Sklice, Stomectol, 4 Moxidectin:(1'R,2R,4Z,4'S,5S,6S,8'R,10'E,13'R,14'E 49 Ivomec, Mectizan, Ivexterm, Scabo 6 5 ,16'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-21',24'-Dihydroxy-4 50 Thiabendazole: Mintezol, Tresaderm, Arbotect 6 (methoxyimino)-5,11',13',22'-tetramethyl-6-[(2E)- 51 Albendazole: Albenza 7 4-methyl-2-penten-2-yl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2'H- 52 Levamisole: Ergamisol 8 spiro[pyran-2,6'-[3,7,1 9]trioxatetracyclo 53 Morantel tartrate: Rumatel 9 [15.6.1.14,8.020,24] pentacosa[10,14,16,22] tetraen]- 54 Pyrantel: Banminth, Antiminth, Cobantril 10 2'-one; (2aE, 4E,5’R,6R,6’S,8E,11R,13S,- 55 Doramectin: Dectomax 11 15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-6’-[(E)-1,2-Dimethyl-1- 56 Eprinomectin: Ivomec, Longrange 12 butenyl]-5’,6,6’,7,10,11,14,15,17a,20,20a,20b- 57 Piperazine: Wazine, Pig Wormer 13 dodecahydro-20,20b-dihydroxy-5’6,8,19-tetra- 58 14 methylspiro[11,15-methano-2H,13H,17H- CAS Numbers: 113507-06-5; 15 furo[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacylooctadecin-13,2’- Moxidectin: 16 [2H]pyrano]-4’,17(3’H)-dione,4’-(E)-(O- Fenbendazole: 43210-67-9; 70288-86-7 17 methyloxime) Ivermectin: 59 Thiabendazole: 148-79-8 18 Fenbendazole: methyl N-(6-phenylsulfanyl-1H- 60 Albendazole: 54965-21-8 19 benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate 61 Levamisole: 14769-72-4 20 Ivermectin: 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a +22,23- 21 dihydroavermectin B1b 62 Morantel tartrate: 26155-31-7 63 Pyrantel: 22204-24-6 22 Thiabendazole: 4-(1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)-1,3- 23 thiazole -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,393,221 B2 W (45) Date of Patent: Jul.19, 2016
USOO9393221B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,393,221 B2 W (45) Date of Patent: Jul.19, 2016 (54) METHODS AND COMPOUNDS FOR FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS REDUCING INTRACELLULAR LIPID STORAGE WO WO2007096,251 8, 2007 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (75) Inventor: Sean Wu, Brookline, MA (US) Onyesom and Agho, Asian J. Sci. Res., Oct. 2010, vol. 4, No. 1, p. (73) Assignee: THE GENERAL, HOSPITAL 78-83. CORPORATION, Boston, MA (US) Davis et al., Br J Clin Pharmacol., 1996, vol. 4, p. 415-421.* Schweiger et al., Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2009, vol. 279, E289-E296. (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Maryam Ahmadian et al., Desnutrin/ATGL is regulated by AMPK patent is extended or adjusted under 35 and is required for a brown adipose phenotype, Cell Metabolism, vol. U.S.C. 154(b) by 748 days. 13, pp. 739-748, 2011. Mohammadreza Bozorgmanesh et al., Diabetes prediction, lipid (21) Appl. No.: 13/552,975 accumulation product, and adiposity measures; 6-year follow-up: Tehran lipid and glucose study, Lipids in Health and Disease, vol. 9, (22) Filed: Jul.19, 2012 pp. 1-9, 2010. Judith Fischer et al., The gene encoding adipose triglyceride lipase (65) Prior Publication Data (PNPLA2) is mutated in neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy, Nature Genetics, vol.39, pp. 28-30, 2007. US 2013/OO23488A1 Jan. 24, 2013 Astrid Gruber et al., The N-terminal region of comparative gene identification-58 (CGI-58) is important for lipid droplet binding and activation of adipose triglyceride lipase, vol. 285, pp. 12289-12298, Related U.S. -
Hazardous Substances (Chemicals) Transfer Notice 2006
16551655 OF THURSDAY, 22 JUNE 2006 WELLINGTON: WEDNESDAY, 28 JUNE 2006 — ISSUE NO. 72 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (CHEMICALS) TRANSFER NOTICE 2006 PURSUANT TO THE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND NEW ORGANISMS ACT 1996 1656 NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE, No. 72 28 JUNE 2006 Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 Hazardous Substances (Chemicals) Transfer Notice 2006 Pursuant to section 160A of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 (in this notice referred to as the Act), the Environmental Risk Management Authority gives the following notice. Contents 1 Title 2 Commencement 3 Interpretation 4 Deemed assessment and approval 5 Deemed hazard classification 6 Application of controls and changes to controls 7 Other obligations and restrictions 8 Exposure limits Schedule 1 List of substances to be transferred Schedule 2 Changes to controls Schedule 3 New controls Schedule 4 Transitional controls ______________________________ 1 Title This notice is the Hazardous Substances (Chemicals) Transfer Notice 2006. 2 Commencement This notice comes into force on 1 July 2006. 3 Interpretation In this notice, unless the context otherwise requires,— (a) words and phrases have the meanings given to them in the Act and in regulations made under the Act; and (b) the following words and phrases have the following meanings: 28 JUNE 2006 NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE, No. 72 1657 manufacture has the meaning given to it in the Act, and for the avoidance of doubt includes formulation of other hazardous substances pesticide includes but -
01 Front.Pdf (2.451Mb)
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. VETERINARY ANTHELMINTICS: THEIR EFFICACY AND EFFECTS ON ABOMASAL PHYSIOLOGY A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF VETERINARY SCIENCE in Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology at Massey University NICHOLAS CHARLES WHELAN March 1998 For Pauline, with all my love iii ABSTRACT PART 1. A Review of the Veterinary Anthelmintic Literature A comprehensive review was undertaken of the pharmacology, efficacy, side effects and toxicity of veterinary anthelmintics used against nematode parasites. Anthelmintics reviewed for use in cattle, sheep, goats, horses, dogs and cats include copper, nicotine, arsenic, tetrachlorethylene, phenothiazine, diethylcarbamazine, piperazine, toluene, cyacethydrazide, bephenium, thenium, organophosphates, and methyridine. The review was limited to cattle for the benzimidazoles, pyrantel, morantel, tetramisole, levamisole, avermectin and milbemycins anthelmintics. Efficacy data is provided in a tabular format which classifies each anthelmintic according to method of administration and dose. PART2 Efficacy of two formulations of moxidectin pour-on and the effects of treatment on serum pepsinogen and gastrin levels and tissue gastrin in cattle Three groups of eight yearling Friesian bulls were used to compare the efficacy of two 5 g/L pour-on formulations of moxidectin applied at 1ml/10kg (500 mcg moxidectin per kg bodyweight) in removing naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites. At slaughter, 14-16 days after treatment, the burdens of Ostertagia spp. and Trichostrongylus axei were significantly lower in both the treated groups versus the controls (P<0.01 ). -
2.Anthelmintics
Anthelmintic Anthelmintic or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that stun) or vermicides (those that kill). Anthelmintics are used to treat people who are infected by helminths, a condition called helminthiasis. These drugs are also used to treat infected animals. Antiparasitics that specifically target worms of the genus Ascaris are called ascaricides. Classification: Benzimidazoles: Albendazole – effective against threadworms, roundworms, whipworms, tapeworms, hookworms Mebendazole – effective against various nematodes Thiabendazole – effective against various nematodes Fenbendazole – effective against various parasites Triclabendazole – effective against liver flukes Flubendazole – effective against most intestinal parasites Abamectin (and by extension ivermectin) - effective against most common intestinal worms, except tapeworms, for which praziquantel is commonly used in conjunction for mass dewormings Diethylcarbamazine – effective against Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Loa loa. Pyrantel pamoate – effective against most nematode infections residing within the intestines `Levamisole Salicylanilide – mitochondrial un-couplers (used only for flatworm infections): Niclosamide Oxyclozanide Nitazoxanide – readily kills Ascaris lumbricoides,[5] and also possess antiprotozoal effects[6] -
(11) Application No. AU 2006302237 C1 (19) AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE
(12) STANDARD PATENT (11) Application No. AU 2006302237 C1 (19) AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE (54) Title Multi-functional ionic liquid compositions (51) International Patent Classification(s) C11D 17/00 (2006.01) (21) Application No: 2006302237 (22) Date of Filing: 2006.10.10 (87) WIPO No: WO07/044693 (30) Priority Data (31) Number (32) Date (33) Country 60/764,850 2006.02.02 US 60/724,605 2005.10.07 US 60/724,604 2005.10.07 US (43) Publication Date: 2007.04.19 (44) Accepted Journal Date: 2012.03.08 (44) Amended Journal Date: 2012.11.08 (71) Applicant(s) The University of Alabama (72) Inventor(s) Hough, Whitney L.;Davis Jr., James Hillard;Daly, Daniel T.;Spear, Scott K.;Smiglak, Marcin;Swatloski, Richard P.;Pernak, Juliusz;Rogers, Robin D. (74) Agent / Attorney Griffith Hack, GPO Box 1285, Melbourne, VIC, 3001 (56) Related Art D3: WELTON, Thomas: "Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis" CHEMICAL REVIEWS, Vol. 99, No. 8, 7 July 1999, pages 2071-2083. JP 2005-082512 A (MEDOREKKUSU KK) 31 March 2005 AU 2005232025 A1 (THE UNIVERSITY OF YORK) 20 October 2005 WO 2002/0079269 A1 (THE UAB RESEARCH FOUNDATION) 10 October 2002 EP 1405646 A2 (YUNG SHIN PHARM. IND. CO. LTD.) 7 April 2004 PICQUET, M., et. al.: "Ionic liquids: media for better molecular catalysis" TOPICS IN CATALYSIS, vol. 29, no. 3-4, 1 June 2004 (2004-06-01), pages 139-143 (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIN (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date PCT 19 April 2007 (19.04.2007) WO 2007/044693 A3 (51) International Patent Classification: Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 (US). -
118 Part 520—Oral Dosage Form New Animal Drugs
§ 516.1318 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–12 Edition) associated with Flavobacterium 520.45a Albendazole suspension. columnare. 520.45b Albendazole paste. (iii) Limitations. Feed containing 520.48 Altrenogest. florfenicol shall not be fed to catfish 520.62 Aminopentamide hydrogen sulphate tablets. for more than 10 days. Following ad- 520.82 Aminopropazine fumarate oral dosage ministration, fish should be reevalu- forms. ated by a licensed veterinarian before 520.82a Aminopropazine fumarate tablets. initiating a further course of therapy. 520.82b Aminopropazine fumarate, neomy- A dose-related decrease in cin sulfate tablets. hematopoietic/lymphopoietic tissue 520.88 Amoxicillin oral dosage forms. may occur. The time required for 520.88a Amoxicillin trihydrate film-coated hematopoietic/lymphopoietic tissues to tablets. 520.88b Amoxicillin trihydrate for oral sus- regenerate was not evaluated. The ef- pension. fects of florfenicol on reproductive per- 520.88c Amoxicillin trihydrate oral suspen- formance have not been determined. sion. Feeds containing florfenicol must be 520.88d Amoxicillin trihydrate soluble pow- withdrawn 12 days prior to slaughter. der. Federal law limits this drug to use 520.88e Amoxicillin trihydrate boluses. under the professional supervision of a 520.88f Amoxicillin trihydrate tablets. licensed veterinarian. The expiration 520.88g Amoxicillin trihydrate and clavulanate potassium film-coated tab- date of veterinary feed directives lets. (VFDs) for florfenicol must not exceed 520.88h Amoxicillin trihydrate and 15 days from the date of prescribing. clavulanate potassium for oral suspen- VFDs for florfenicol shall not be re- sion. filled. See § 558.6 of this chapter for ad- 520.90 Ampicillin oral dosage forms. ditional requirements. 520.90a Ampicillin capsules.