DOCSLIB.ORG

(11) Application No. AU 2006302237 C1 (19) AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(11) Application No. AU 2006302237 C1 (19) AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE (12) STANDARD PATENT (11) Application No. AU 2006302237 C1 (19) AUSTRALIAN PATENT OFFICE (54) Title Multi-functional ionic liquid compositions (51) International Patent Classification(s) C11D 17/00 (2006.01) (21) Application No: 2006302237 (22) Date of Filing: 2006.10.10 (87) WIPO No: WO07/044693 (30) Priority Data (31) Number (32) Date (33) Country 60/764,850 2006.02.02 US 60/724,605 2005.10.07 US 60/724,604 2005.10.07 US (43) Publication Date: 2007.04.19 (44) Accepted Journal Date: 2012.03.08 (44) Amended Journal Date: 2012.11.08 (71) Applicant(s) The University of Alabama (72) Inventor(s) Hough, Whitney L.;Davis Jr., James Hillard;Daly, Daniel T.;Spear, Scott K.;Smiglak, Marcin;Swatloski, Richard P.;Pernak, Juliusz;Rogers, Robin D. (74) Agent / Attorney Griffith Hack, GPO Box 1285, Melbourne, VIC, 3001 (56) Related Art D3: WELTON, Thomas: "Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Solvents for Synthesis and Catalysis" CHEMICAL REVIEWS, Vol. 99, No. 8, 7 July 1999, pages 2071-2083. JP 2005-082512 A (MEDOREKKUSU KK) 31 March 2005 AU 2005232025 A1 (THE UNIVERSITY OF YORK) 20 October 2005 WO 2002/0079269 A1 (THE UAB RESEARCH FOUNDATION) 10 October 2002 EP 1405646 A2 (YUNG SHIN PHARM. IND. CO. LTD.) 7 April 2004 PICQUET, M., et. al.: "Ionic liquids: media for better molecular catalysis" TOPICS IN CATALYSIS, vol. 29, no. 3-4, 1 June 2004 (2004-06-01), pages 139-143 (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIN (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date PCT 19 April 2007 (19.04.2007) WO 2007/044693 A3 (51) International Patent Classification: Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 (US). SWATLOSKI, Richard, P. Cl ID 17/00 (2006.01) [US/US]; 1801 Waterford Lane, Tuscaloosa, AL 35405 (21) International Application Number: (US). HOUGH, Whitney, L. [US/US]; 226 Wolf Creek PCT/US2006/039454 Drive, Albertville, AL 35951 (US). DAVIS, James, Hillard [US/US]; 324 Vanderbilt Drive, Mobile, AL (22) International Filing Date: 10 October 2006 (10.10.2006) 36608 (US). SMIGLAK, Marcin [PL/US]; 3302 Sixth (25) Filing Language: English Avenue East, Apt. C, Tuscaloosa, AL 35405 (US). PER- (26) Publication Language: English NAK, Juliusz [PT,/PL]; UL. Nalkowskiej, 8A, PT,-60-573 Poznan (PL). SPEAR, Scott, K. [US/US]; 302 County (30) Priority Data: Road 49, Bankston, AL 35542 (US). 60/724,604 7 October 2005 (07.10.2005) US 60/724,605 7 October 2005 (07.10.2005) US (74) Agents: KATZ, Mitchell, A. et al.; Needle & Rosenberg, 60/764,850 2 February 2006 (02.02.2006) US P.C., Suite 1000, 999 Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30309 (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): THE 3915 (US). UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA [US/US]; 222 Rose (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every Administration Building, Post Office Box 870106, kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0106 (US). AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CN, (72) Inventors; and CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DZ, EC, EE, ECT, ES, El, (75) Inventors/Applicants (for US only): ROGERS, Robin, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, D. [US/US]; 32 Audubon Place, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401 KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, (US). DALY, Daniel, T. [US/US]; 1518 Mallard Circle, LU, LV, LY, MA, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, [Continued on next page] (54) Title: MULTI-FUNCTIONAL IONIC LIQUID COMPOSITIONS (57) Abstract: Disclosed are ionic liquids [Hex]Siilfacetamide, [HexJCI & Na Sulfacetamide Dissolution and methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also disclosed are methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture. llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^ A3 Time (min) -------- Cation [Hex][ClJ 2007/044693 -------- Anion [NaJSulfacetamide -------- Ionic Liquid [Hex]Sulfacetaffiide wo WO 2007/044693 A3 lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^ NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL. PT, RO, RS, RU, Published: SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, — with international search report TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. — before the expiration of the time limit for amending the claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every amendments kind of regional protection available)·. ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, (88) Date of publication of the international search report: ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), 23 August 2007 European (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, ΈΙ, FR, GB, GR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, LV, MC, NL, PL, PT, For two-letter codes and other abbreviations, refer to the "Guid­ RO, SE, SI, SK, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, ance Notes on Codes and Abbreviations" appearing at the begin­ GN, GQ, GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). ning of each regular issue of the PCT Gazette. WO 2007/044693 PCT/US2006/039454 MULTI-FUNCTIONAL IONIC LIQUID COMPOSITIONS FOR OVERCOMING POLYMORPHISM AND IMPARTING IMPROVED PROPERTIES FOR ACTIVE PHARMACEUTICAL, BIOLOGICAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND ENERGETIC INGREDIENTS 5 CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This patent application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/764,850, filed February 2, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/724,604, filed October 7, 2005, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/724,605, filed October 7,2005, 10 which are each incorporated by reference herein in their entireties. FIELD The subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to ionic liquids and to methods of preparing ionic liquid compositions of active pharmaceutical, biological, nutritional, and energetic ingredients. Also the subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to methods of using the compositions described herein to overcome polymorphism, overcome solubility 15 and delivery problems, to control release rates, add functionality, enhance efficacy (synergy), and improve ease of use and manufacture. BACKGROUND Polymorphism is the ability of a substance to exist in two or more crystalline forms that have a different arrangement and/or conformation of molecules in a crystalline lattice (see e.g., Chawla and Bansal, CRIPS 2004, 5(1):9-12; Bernstein, “Polymorphism in 20 Molecular Crystals,” IUCR Monographs on Crystallography Science Publications, 2002, pp. 1-28, 240-256). It has been estimated that a large number of pharmaceuticals exhibit polymorphism. For example, 70% of barbiturates, 60% of sulfonamides, and 23% of steroids are believed to exist in different polymorphic forms or “polymorphs” (Haleblian et al., JPharm Sci 1975, 64:1269-1288). 25 In some cases, when crystals of a compound are forming (e.g., crystallizing from a solution), solvent molecules may become entrapped or bound within the crystal lattice. The presence of the entrapped solvent molecules may affect the three-dimensional crystal lattice that eventually crystallizes. The occurrence of a compound (target molecule) crystallizing in different three-dimensional lattices based upon the presence of solvent molecules has 30 been termed “pseudo-polymorphism.” Akin to polymorphs, such “pseudo-polymorphs,” 1 WO 2007/044693 PCT/US2006/039454 also known as “solvates” (or “hydrates” when the solvent is water), are crystalline solids containing either stoichiometric (i.e., whole number ratios of target molecules to solvent molecules) or non-stoichiometric (i. e., non-whole number ratios of target molecules to solvent molecules) amounts of a solvent incorporated within the crystal structure. In 5 general, different crystalline forms of molecules (e.g., pharmaceutical compounds) can exist in the same or different hydrated or solvated states. The Cambridge Structural Database (Allen, “The Cambridge Structural Database: a quarter of a million crystal structures and rising,” Acta Crystallographica, 2002, B58, 380- 388) is a database of over 300,000 organic crystal structures and is a widely used reference 10 source in crystallography. One survey of the Cambridge Structural Database shows that pharmaceutical compounds have been reported to exist as hemi-hydrates (0.5 water molecules) through decahydrates (10 water molecules). (Morris, “Structural Aspect of Hydrates and Solvates,” Ch. 4 in Polymorphism in Pharmaceutical Solids, in Brittain, H.G., Ed., Vol. 95 οΐDrugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 15 NY, 1999, 125-181.) The possibility of polymorphism or pseudo-polymorphism may exist for any particular compound, but the conditions required to prepare as yet unknown polymorphs or pseudo-polymorphs are not easily determined (see e.g., Bernstein, “Crystal Structure Prediction and Polymorphism,” Am Crystallographic Assoc Trans, 2004,39:14-23). The 20 knowledge that one type of polymorph or pseudo-polymorph of a crystalline form of a compound exists, or that a given set of crystallization conditions leads to the production of one type of polymorph or pseudo-polymorph, does not typically allow researchers to predict what other types of polymorph or pseudo-polymorph might exist, or what type of polymorph or pseudo-polymorph would be produced by other crystallization conditions 25 (Guillory, “Generation of Polymorphs, Hydrates, Solvates, and Amorphous Solids,” Ch. 5 in Polymorphism in Pharmaceutical Solids, Brittain, H. G., Ed., Vol. 95 of Drugs and the Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, NY, 1999, pp. 183-226). The existence of various polymorphs or pseudo-polymorphs can greatly affect a pharmaceutical’s performance since each form can have different physical and chemical 30 properties. For example, one particular polymorph pseudo-polymorph may be more bioavailable, more stable (e.g., longer shelflife), or more easily formulated or tableted than another polymorph.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Clinical Evaluation of Pipecuronium Bromide and Its Comparison With
    Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) ISSN 2320-6691 (Online) Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2013; 1(6):943-950 ISSN 2347-954X (Print) ©Scholars Academic and Scientific Publisher (An International Publisher for Academic and Scientific Resources) www.saspublisher.com Research Article Clinical Evaluation of Pipecuronium Bromide and its Comparison with Pancuronium Bromide Kaushal RP Associate Professor, Department of cardiac anesthesia, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, India. *Corresponding author Kaushal RP Email: Abstract: The study was carried out to compare the intubating conditions, cardiovascular responses, neuro-muscular blocking properties and reversal characteristics of pipecuronium bromide and pancuronium bromide. This is a prospective hospital based study. 100 patients belonging to ASA grade I or II physical status aged 18 to 70 years were divided into two groups of 50 patients each. Group 1 received pipecuronium bromide in the dose of .08 mg / kg and group 2 patients received pancuronium bromide in dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Each patient was pre medicated uniformly. Time for onset of apnoea for pipecuronium and pancuronium were 91.64+ 3.59 sec. and 118.84 + 12.53 sec. respectively. The mean time for intubation was 126.60 +12.55 sec. and 144.60 + 22.87 sec. with pipecuronium and pancuronium respectively. Mean duration of block for pipecuronium was 78.64 + 8.97 min. the block for pancuronium lasted from +36-40 min with a mean duration of block 41.60+ 5.57 min. The mean duration of maintenance dose in pipecuronium cases was 45.08 + 7.19 min., while it was 27.06 + 5.01 min in pancuronium cases.
    [Show full text]
  • Witola, Basis of Anthelmintic Resistance and Development Of
    9/8/2016 Basis of Anthelmintic Resistance and Novel Approaches to Development of New Efficacious Anthelmintic Drugs William H. Witola, BVetMed, MSc., Ph.D. Department of Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign E-mail: [email protected] Current Anthelmintics 3 Classes of anthelmintic drugs registered in the USA : 1.) Benzimidazoles • Fenbendazole, Safeguard, Panacur 2.) Macrocyclic Lactones • Avermectins: Ivermectin, Ivomec, Primectin, Privermectin • Eprinomectin: Eprinex • Doramectin: Dectomax • Milbimycins: Moxidectin, Cydectin, Quest 3.) Nicotinic Agonists • Imidothiazoles: Levamisole, Prohibit • Tetrahydropyrimidines: Morantel, Rumatel, Positive Goat Pellet, Goat dewormer, Pyrantel, Strongid Spiroindoles (Not registered in US) Amino-acetonitriles (Not registered in US ) How do anthelmintic drugs kill parasites? • Benzimidazoles (Valbazen, Safeguard): Bind to a parasite protein called β-tubulin leading to collapse of parasite skeleton structure. • Avermectin/Milbemycins (Ivomec, cydectin): Bind to proteins in throat (pharynx) of parasite leading to paralysis – parasite can’t eat anymore & dies of starvation! • Imidazothiazoles/Tetrahydropyrimidine (Levamisole, Pyrantel, Morantel): bind to acetylcholine receptors causing muscle paralysis. 1 9/8/2016 Status of Anthelmintics Efficacy Drug Host First 1st Report of Approved Resistance Benzimidazoles : Thiabendazole, Albendazole Sheep, 1961 1964 goat, Horse, 1962 1965 Imidothiazoles-tetrahydropyrimidines : Levamisole, Sheep 1970 1979 Pyrantel
    [Show full text]
  • Reversal of Pipecuronium-Induced Moderate Neuromuscular Block with Sugammadex in the Presence of a Sevoflurane Anesthetic: a Randomized Trial
    RESEARCH REPORT Reversal of Pipecuronium-Induced Moderate Neuromuscular Block with Sugammadex in the Presence of a Sevoflurane Anesthetic: A Randomized Trial Edömér Tassonyi, MD, PhD, DSc, Adrienn Pongrácz, MD, Réka Nemes, MD, László Asztalos, MD, Szabolcs Lengyel, PhD, DSc, and Béla Fülesdi, MD, PhD, Dsc * * * * BACKGROUND: Pipecuronium† is a steroidal neuromuscular* blocking agent. Sugammadex, a relaxant binding γ-cyclodextrin derivative, reverses the effect of rocuronium, vecuronium, and pancuronium. We investigated whether sugammadex reverses moderate pipecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade (NMB) and the doses required to achieve reversal. METHODS: This single-center, randomized, double-blind, 5-group parallel-arm study comprised 50 patients undergoing general anesthesia with propofol, sevoflurane, fentanyl, and pipe- curonium. Neuromuscular monitoring was performed with acceleromyography (TOF-Watch SX®) according to international standards. When the NMB recovered spontaneously to train-of-four count 2, patients randomly received 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 mg/kg of sugammadex or placebo. Recovery time from sugammadex injection to normalized train-of-four (TOF) ratio 0.9 was the primary outcome variable. The recovery time from the sugammadex injection to final T1 was the secondary end point. Postoperative neuromuscular functions were also assessed. RESULTS: Each patient who received sugammadex recovered to a normalized TOF ratio of 0.9 within 5.0 minutes (95% lower confidence interval for the lowest dose 70.1%; for all doses 90.8%) and 79% of these patients reached a normalized TOF ratio 0.9 within 2.0 minutes (95% lower confidence interval for the lowest dose 26.7%; for all doses 63.7%). T1 recovered several minutes after the TOF ratio.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,498,481 B2 Rao Et Al
    USOO9498481 B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,498,481 B2 Rao et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Nov. 22, 2016 (54) CYCLOPROPYL MODULATORS OF P2Y12 WO WO95/26325 10, 1995 RECEPTOR WO WO99/O5142 2, 1999 WO WOOO/34283 6, 2000 WO WO O1/92262 12/2001 (71) Applicant: Apharaceuticals. Inc., La WO WO O1/922.63 12/2001 olla, CA (US) WO WO 2011/O17108 2, 2011 (72) Inventors: Tadimeti Rao, San Diego, CA (US); Chengzhi Zhang, San Diego, CA (US) OTHER PUBLICATIONS Drugs of the Future 32(10), 845-853 (2007).* (73) Assignee: Auspex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., LaJolla, Tantry et al. in Expert Opin. Invest. Drugs (2007) 16(2):225-229.* CA (US) Wallentin et al. in the New England Journal of Medicine, 361 (11), 1045-1057 (2009).* (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Husted et al. in The European Heart Journal 27, 1038-1047 (2006).* patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Auspex in www.businesswire.com/news/home/20081023005201/ U.S.C. 154(b) by Od en/Auspex-Pharmaceuticals-Announces-Positive-Results-Clinical M YW- (b) by ayS. Study (published: Oct. 23, 2008).* This patent is Subject to a terminal dis- Concert In www.concertpharma. com/news/ claimer ConcertPresentsPreclinicalResultsNAMS.htm (published: Sep. 25. 2008).* Concert2 in Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 6(6), 782 (2008).* (21) Appl. No.: 14/977,056 Springthorpe et al. in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 17. 6013-6018 (2007).* (22) Filed: Dec. 21, 2015 Leis et al. in Current Organic Chemistry 2, 131-144 (1998).* Angiolillo et al., Pharmacology of emerging novel platelet inhibi (65) Prior Publication Data tors, American Heart Journal, 2008, 156(2) Supp.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths
    Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths Contributors J. H. Arundel • J. H. Boersema • C. F. A. Bruyning • J. H. Cross A. Davis • A. De Muynck • P. G. Janssens • W. S. Kammerer IF. Michel • M.H. Mirck • M.D. Rickard F. Rochette M. M. H. Sewell • H. Vanden Bossche Editors H. Vanden Bossche • D.Thienpont • P.G. Janssens UNIVERSITATS- BlfiUOTHElC Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction. A. DAVIS A. Pathogenic Mechanisms in Man 1 B. Modes of Transmission 2 C. Clinical Sequelae of Infection 3 D. Epidemiological Considerations 3 E. Chemotherapy 4 F. Conclusion 5 References 5 CHAPTER 2 Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Human Populations C. F. A. BRUYNING A. Introduction 7 B. Epidemiological or "Mathematical" Models and Control 8 C. Nematodes 11 I. Angiostrongylus costaricensis 11 II. Anisakis marina 12 III. Ascaris lumbricoides 14 IV. Capillaria philippinensis 21 V. Enterobius vermicularis 23 VI. Gnathostoma spinigerum 25 VII. Hookworms: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus . 26 VIII. Oesophagostoma spp 32 IX. Strongyloides stercoralis 33 X. Ternidens deminutus 34 XI. Trichinella spiralis 35 XII. Trichostrongylus spp 38 XIII. Trichuris trichiura 39 D. Trematodes 41 I. Echinostoma spp 41 II. Fasciolopsis buski 42 III. Gastrodiscoides hominis 44 IV. Heterophyes heterophyes 44 V. Metagonimus yokogawai 46 X Contents E. Cestodes 47 I. Diphyllobothrium latum 47 II. Dipylidium caninum 50 III. Hymenolepis diminuta 51 IV. Hymenolepis nana 52 V. Taenia saginata 54 VI. Taenia solium 57 VII. Cysticercosis cellulosae 58 References 60 CHAPTER 3 Epidemiology and Control of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Domestic Animals J. F. MICHEL. With 20 Figures A. Introduction 67 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Customs Tariff - Schedule
    CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE 99 - i Chapter 99 SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION PROVISIONS - COMMERCIAL Notes. 1. The provisions of this Chapter are not subject to the rule of specificity in General Interpretative Rule 3 (a). 2. Goods which may be classified under the provisions of Chapter 99, if also eligible for classification under the provisions of Chapter 98, shall be classified in Chapter 98. 3. Goods may be classified under a tariff item in this Chapter and be entitled to the Most-Favoured-Nation Tariff or a preferential tariff rate of customs duty under this Chapter that applies to those goods according to the tariff treatment applicable to their country of origin only after classification under a tariff item in Chapters 1 to 97 has been determined and the conditions of any Chapter 99 provision and any applicable regulations or orders in relation thereto have been met. 4. The words and expressions used in this Chapter have the same meaning as in Chapters 1 to 97. Issued January 1, 2020 99 - 1 CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE Tariff Unit of MFN Applicable SS Description of Goods Item Meas. Tariff Preferential Tariffs 9901.00.00 Articles and materials for use in the manufacture or repair of the Free CCCT, LDCT, GPT, UST, following to be employed in commercial fishing or the commercial MT, MUST, CIAT, CT, harvesting of marine plants: CRT, IT, NT, SLT, PT, COLT, JT, PAT, HNT, Artificial bait; KRT, CEUT, UAT, CPTPT: Free Carapace measures; Cordage, fishing lines (including marlines), rope and twine, of a circumference not exceeding 38 mm; Devices for keeping nets open; Fish hooks; Fishing nets and netting; Jiggers; Line floats; Lobster traps; Lures; Marker buoys of any material excluding wood; Net floats; Scallop drag nets; Spat collectors and collector holders; Swivels.
    [Show full text]
  • NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed of Via Sanitary Sewer Or Solid Waste
    NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed Of Via Sanitary Sewer or Solid Waste (+)-A-TOCOPHEROL ACID SUCCINATE (+,-)-VERAPAMIL, HYDROCHLORIDE 1-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE 1-AMINO-1-CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID 1-BROMOOCTADECANE 1-CARBOXYNAPHTHALENE 1-DECENE 1-HYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,5,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 1-NONENE 1-TETRADECENE 1-THIO-B-D-GLUCOSE 1-TRIDECENE 1-UNDECENE 2-ACETAMIDO-1-AZIDO-1,2-DIDEOXY-B-D-GLYCOPYRANOSE 2-ACETAMIDOACRYLIC ACID 2-AMINO-4-CHLOROBENZOTHIAZOLE 2-AMINO-2-(HYDROXY METHYL)-1,3-PROPONEDIOL 2-AMINOBENZOTHIAZOLE 2-AMINOIMIDAZOLE 2-AMINO-5-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID 2-AMINOPURINE 2-ANILINOETHANOL 2-BUTENE-1,4-DIOL 2-CHLOROBENZYLALCOHOL 2-DEOXYCYTIDINE 5-MONOPHOSPHATE 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE 2-DEOXY-D-RIBOSE 2'-DEOXYURIDINE 2'-DEOXYURIDINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE 2-HYDROETHYL ACETATE 2-HYDROXY-4-(METHYLTHIO)BUTYRIC ACID 2-METHYLFLUORENE 2-METHYL-2-THIOPSEUDOUREA SULFATE 2-MORPHOLINOETHANESULFONIC ACID 2-NAPHTHOIC ACID 2-OXYGLUTARIC ACID 2-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID 2-PYRIDINEALDOXIME METHIODIDE 2-STEP CHEMISTRY STEP 1 PART D 2-STEP CHEMISTRY STEP 2 PART A 2-THIOLHISTIDINE 2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC ACID 2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC HYDRAZIDE 3-ACETYLINDOLE 3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZINE 3-AMINO-L-TYROSINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE 3-CARBETHOXY-2-PIPERIDONE 3-CHLOROCYCLOBUTANONE SOLUTION 3-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZOIC ACID 3-(DIETHYLAMINO)-7-[[P-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PHENYL]AZO]-5-PHENAZINIUM CHLORIDE 3-HYDROXYTROSINE 1 9/26/2005 NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed Of Via Sanitary Sewer or Solid Waste 3-HYDROXYTYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-METHYL-1-PHENYL-2-PYRAZOLIN-5-ONE
    [Show full text]
  • Review Article a BRIEF REVIEW on the MODE of ACTION of ANTINEMATODAL DRUGS
    Acta Veterinaria-Beograd 2017, 67 (2), 137-152 UDK: 615.284.03 DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0013 Review article A BRIEF REVIEW ON THE MODE OF ACTION OF ANTINEMATODAL DRUGS ABONGWA Melanie, MARTIN Richard J., ROBERTSON Alan P.* Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA (Received 01 May, Accepted 24 May 2017) Anthelmintics are some of the most widely used drugs in veterinary medicine. Here we review the mechanism of action of these compounds on nematode parasites. Included are the older classes of compounds; the benzimidazoles, cholinergic agonists and macrocyclic lactones. We also consider newer anthelmintics, including emodepside, derquantel and tribendimidine. In the absence of vaccines for most parasite species, control of nematode parasites will continue to rely on anthelmintic drugs. As a consequence, vigilance in detecting drug resistance in parasite populations is required. Since resistance development appears almost inevitable, there is a continued and pressing need to fully understand the mode of action of these compounds. It is also necessary to identify new drug targets and drugs for the continued effective control of nematode parasites. Key words: anthelmintic, parasite, benzimidazoles, avermectins, cholinergic, emodepside, derquantel INTRODUCTION Anthelmintics are drugs that are used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms (helminths) [1]. There are three major groups of helminths namely: nematodes (roundworms), trematodes (fl ukes) and cestodes (tapeworms). These groups of helminths are divided into two phyla; nematodes (roundworms) and platyhelminths (trematodes and cestodes) [2]. Anthelmintics either kill worms or cause their expulsion from the body, without causing any signifi cant damage to the host [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacology on Your Palms CLASSIFICATION of the DRUGS
    Pharmacology on your palms CLASSIFICATION OF THE DRUGS DRUGS FROM DRUGS AFFECTING THE ORGANS CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DIFFERENT DRUGS AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TISSUES DRUGS PHARMACOLOGICAL GROUPS Drugs affecting peripheral Antitumor drugs Drugs affecting the cardiovascular Antimicrobial, antiviral, Drugs affecting the nervous system Antiallergic drugs system antiparasitic drugs central nervous system Drugs affecting the sensory Antidotes nerve endings Cardiac glycosides Antibiotics CNS DEPRESSANTS (AFFECTING THE Antihypertensive drugs Sulfonamides Analgesics (opioid, AFFERENT INNERVATION) Antianginal drugs Antituberculous drugs analgesics-antipyretics, Antiarrhythmic drugs Antihelminthic drugs NSAIDs) Local anaesthetics Antihyperlipidemic drugs Antifungal drugs Sedative and hypnotic Coating drugs Spasmolytics Antiviral drugs drugs Adsorbents Drugs affecting the excretory system Antimalarial drugs Tranquilizers Astringents Diuretics Antisyphilitic drugs Neuroleptics Expectorants Drugs affecting the hemopoietic system Antiseptics Anticonvulsants Irritant drugs Drugs affecting blood coagulation Disinfectants Antiparkinsonian drugs Drugs affecting peripheral Drugs affecting erythro- and leukopoiesis General anaesthetics neurotransmitter processes Drugs affecting the digestive system CNS STIMULANTS (AFFECTING THE Anorectic drugs Psychomotor stimulants EFFERENT PART OF THE Bitter stuffs. Drugs for replacement therapy Analeptics NERVOUS SYSTEM) Antiacid drugs Antidepressants Direct-acting-cholinomimetics Antiulcer drugs Nootropics (Cognitive
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0024365A1 Vaya Et Al
    US 2006.0024.365A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2006/0024365A1 Vaya et al. (43) Pub. Date: Feb. 2, 2006 (54) NOVEL DOSAGE FORM (30) Foreign Application Priority Data (76) Inventors: Navin Vaya, Gujarat (IN); Rajesh Aug. 5, 2002 (IN)................................. 699/MUM/2002 Singh Karan, Gujarat (IN); Sunil Aug. 5, 2002 (IN). ... 697/MUM/2002 Sadanand, Gujarat (IN); Vinod Kumar Jan. 22, 2003 (IN)................................... 80/MUM/2003 Gupta, Gujarat (IN) Jan. 22, 2003 (IN)................................... 82/MUM/2003 Correspondence Address: Publication Classification HEDMAN & COSTIGAN P.C. (51) Int. Cl. 1185 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS A6IK 9/22 (2006.01) NEW YORK, NY 10036 (US) (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/468 (22) Filed: May 19, 2005 A dosage form comprising of a high dose, high Solubility active ingredient as modified release and a low dose active ingredient as immediate release where the weight ratio of Related U.S. Application Data immediate release active ingredient and modified release active ingredient is from 1:10 to 1:15000 and the weight of (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/630,446, modified release active ingredient per unit is from 500 mg to filed on Jul. 29, 2003. 1500 mg, a process for preparing the dosage form. Patent Application Publication Feb. 2, 2006 Sheet 1 of 10 US 2006/0024.365A1 FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 Patent Application Publication Feb. 2, 2006 Sheet 2 of 10 US 2006/0024.365A1 FIGURE 4 (a) 7 FIGURE 4 (b) Patent Application Publication Feb. 2, 2006 Sheet 3 of 10 US 2006/0024.365 A1 FIGURE 5 100 ov -- 60 40 20 C 2 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Ovid MEDLINE(R)
    Supplementary material BMJ Open Ovid MEDLINE(R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily <1946 to September 16, 2019> # Searches Results 1 exp Hypertension/ 247434 2 hypertens*.tw,kf. 420857 3 ((high* or elevat* or greater* or control*) adj4 (blood or systolic or diastolic) adj4 68657 pressure*).tw,kf. 4 1 or 2 or 3 501365 5 Sex Characteristics/ 52287 6 Sex/ 7632 7 Sex ratio/ 9049 8 Sex Factors/ 254781 9 ((sex* or gender* or man or men or male* or woman or women or female*) adj3 336361 (difference* or different or characteristic* or ratio* or factor* or imbalanc* or issue* or specific* or disparit* or dependen* or dimorphism* or gap or gaps or influenc* or discrepan* or distribut* or composition*)).tw,kf. 10 or/5-9 559186 11 4 and 10 24653 12 exp Antihypertensive Agents/ 254343 13 (antihypertensiv* or anti-hypertensiv* or ((anti?hyperten* or anti-hyperten*) adj5 52111 (therap* or treat* or effective*))).tw,kf. 14 Calcium Channel Blockers/ 36287 15 (calcium adj2 (channel* or exogenous*) adj2 (block* or inhibitor* or 20534 antagonist*)).tw,kf. 16 (agatoxin or amlodipine or anipamil or aranidipine or atagabalin or azelnidipine or 86627 azidodiltiazem or azidopamil or azidopine or belfosdil or benidipine or bepridil or brinazarone or calciseptine or caroverine or cilnidipine or clentiazem or clevidipine or columbianadin or conotoxin or cronidipine or darodipine or deacetyl n nordiltiazem or deacetyl n o dinordiltiazem or deacetyl o nordiltiazem or deacetyldiltiazem or dealkylnorverapamil or dealkylverapamil
    [Show full text]
  • S1 Table. List of Medications Analyzed in Present Study Drug
    S1 Table. List of medications analyzed in present study Drug class Drugs Propofol, ketamine, etomidate, Barbiturate (1) (thiopental) Benzodiazepines (28) (midazolam, lorazepam, clonazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam, potassium Sedatives clorazepate, bromazepam, clobazam, alprazolam, pinazepam, (32 drugs) nordazepam, fludiazepam, ethyl loflazepate, etizolam, clotiazepam, tofisopam, flurazepam, flunitrazepam, estazolam, triazolam, lormetazepam, temazepam, brotizolam, quazepam, loprazolam, zopiclone, zolpidem) Fentanyl, alfentanil, sufentanil, remifentanil, morphine, Opioid analgesics hydromorphone, nicomorphine, oxycodone, tramadol, (10 drugs) pethidine Acetaminophen, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (36) (celecoxib, polmacoxib, etoricoxib, nimesulide, aceclofenac, acemetacin, amfenac, cinnoxicam, dexibuprofen, diclofenac, emorfazone, Non-opioid analgesics etodolac, fenoprofen, flufenamic acid, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, (44 drugs) ketoprofen, ketorolac, lornoxicam, loxoprofen, mefenamiate, meloxicam, nabumetone, naproxen, oxaprozin, piroxicam, pranoprofen, proglumetacin, sulindac, talniflumate, tenoxicam, tiaprofenic acid, zaltoprofen, morniflumate, pelubiprofen, indomethacin), Anticonvulsants (7) (gabapentin, pregabalin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, carbamazepine, valproic acid, lacosamide) Vecuronium, rocuronium bromide, cisatracurium, atracurium, Neuromuscular hexafluronium, pipecuronium bromide, doxacurium chloride, blocking agents fazadinium bromide, mivacurium chloride, (12 drugs) pancuronium, gallamine, succinylcholine
    [Show full text]