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Pharmacology on Your Palms CLASSIFICATION of the DRUGS

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Pharmacology on Your Palms CLASSIFICATION of the DRUGS Pharmacology on your palms CLASSIFICATION OF THE DRUGS DRUGS FROM DRUGS AFFECTING THE ORGANS CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DIFFERENT DRUGS AFFECTING THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND TISSUES DRUGS PHARMACOLOGICAL GROUPS Drugs affecting peripheral Antitumor drugs Drugs affecting the cardiovascular Antimicrobial, antiviral, Drugs affecting the nervous system Antiallergic drugs system antiparasitic drugs central nervous system Drugs affecting the sensory Antidotes nerve endings Cardiac glycosides Antibiotics CNS DEPRESSANTS (AFFECTING THE Antihypertensive drugs Sulfonamides Analgesics (opioid, AFFERENT INNERVATION) Antianginal drugs Antituberculous drugs analgesics-antipyretics, Antiarrhythmic drugs Antihelminthic drugs NSAIDs) Local anaesthetics Antihyperlipidemic drugs Antifungal drugs Sedative and hypnotic Coating drugs Spasmolytics Antiviral drugs drugs Adsorbents Drugs affecting the excretory system Antimalarial drugs Tranquilizers Astringents Diuretics Antisyphilitic drugs Neuroleptics Expectorants Drugs affecting the hemopoietic system Antiseptics Anticonvulsants Irritant drugs Drugs affecting blood coagulation Disinfectants Antiparkinsonian drugs Drugs affecting peripheral Drugs affecting erythro- and leukopoiesis General anaesthetics neurotransmitter processes Drugs affecting the digestive system CNS STIMULANTS (AFFECTING THE Anorectic drugs Psychomotor stimulants EFFERENT PART OF THE Bitter stuffs. Drugs for replacement therapy Analeptics NERVOUS SYSTEM) Antiacid drugs Antidepressants Direct-acting-cholinomimetics Antiulcer drugs Nootropics (Cognitive Anticholinesterase drugs Hepatoprotectors enhancers) M- cholinoblockers Laxative drugs. Drugs against diarrhea Adaptogens Ganglionic blockers Drugs affecting metabolism Drugs affecting the Muscle relaxants Hormonal drugs of hypophysis, thyroid, cerebral blood circulation Adrenomimetics parathyroid, gonads, adrenal gland cortex, Adrenoblockers anabolic steroids Sympatholytics Insulins and oral hypoglycemic drugs Vitamins, macro- and microelements Enzymes. Antienzymes Drugs for transfusion therapy NARCOTIC (OPIOID) ANALGESICS CLASSIFICATION NATURAL AND SEMI-SYNTHETIC SYNTHETIC AGENTS AGENTS 1. Morphine 5. Trimeperidine (Promedol) 10. Dimenoxadol h/chl. (Estocin) 2. Codeine 6. Fentanyl 11. Pentazocine (Fortral) 3. Aethylmorphine h/chl. (Dionine) 7. Piritramide (Dipidolor) 12. Butorphanol (Moradol) Drugs and their synonyms 4. Omnopon 8. Tilidine (Valoron) 13. Buprenorphine (Norphine) 9. Sufentanil 14. Tramadol Binding to opioid receptors in the CNS → inhibition of the algogens release on the whole way of pain impulses passing. Mechanism of action Inhibition of the intercalary neurons of the spinal cord, reticular formation, thalamic pain centers, summation ability of the CNS. Inhibition of the pain, cough, emetic and respiratory centers. Pharmacological effects Stimulation of vagus nerve and oculomotor nerve (miosis) centers. Indications and Strong and very strong pains (1,3-14), neuroleptanalgesia (6), premedication and post-operation period (1,4-14), labour analgesia (5,7,9,10), interchangeability colics (5-6,8-10,12), eye diseases (3), strong persistent cough (2,3,10). Narcotic analgesics are incompatible with antiparkinsonian agents, MAO inhibitors, peripheral acting muscle relaxants, -adrenoblockers, glucocorticoids, ACTH. Morphine is incompatible with aminazine in the same syringe. Promedol is incompatible with antihistaminic agents, tubocurarin chloride, trasicor. Pentazocine must not be injected with barbiturates in the same syringe. Doctor and pharmacist, Codeine phosphate shouldn’t be taken together with methotrexate. remember! Tramadol for injections is incompatible with solutions of diazepam, flunitrazepam, nitroglycerin, phenylbutazone. Narcotic analgesics aren’t prescribed for children up to 2 years and butorphanol - up to 18 years old. All drugs containing natural opium alkaloids, inhibit the peristalsis and secretion of GIT. Codeine as a part of the complex drugs causes euphoria and addiction very rarely. Specific antagonist of the narcotic analgesics is naloxone. Before meals: 11. ANALGESICS-ANTIPYRETICS CLASSIFICATION PYRAZOLONE DERIVATIVES PARAAMINOPHENOL COMBINED AGENTS DERIVATIVES 1. Methamizole sodium (Analgin) 2. Paracetamol (Panadol) 3.Sedalgin 7. Citropac 4. Tempalgin 8. Cyclopar 5. Baralgin 9. Ascopar Drugs and their synonyms 6. Citramon 10. Paravit Decrease of the pain impulses transmission through afferent nerves and inhibition of subcortical pain centers. Thermoregulation center Mechanism of action suppression. Analgesic (1-10), antipyretic (1-3,6-10), anti-inflammatory (6-7,9), sedative (3,4), spasmolytic (5,8). Pharmacological effects Side effects: allergy, suppression of hemopoiesis (1-10), nephritis (2,3,4); nausea, vomiting, methemoglobin formation, stomach ulceration (1,3- 5), decrease of blood coagulation (1,3,7). Indications and Pains, not dangerous for life (headache, toothache, articular pain, etc.) (1-10), fever (2,6-7,9,10), neuralgia (1-4); colics, spasms of coronary and interchangeability cerebral vessels (5-8). Doctor and pharmacist, Analgesics-antipyretics are incompatible with sulfonamides, antidepressants, glucocorticoids, anticoagulants. Analgesics, especially pyrazolone derivatives, are incompatible with salicylates, dichlothiazide. remember! The long-term administration of anticonvulsants may decrease the paracetamol activity. NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs) PYRAZOLONE AND COMBINED AGENTS SALICYLIC ACID ARYLCARBONIC OXICAMS AND CLASSIFICATION INDOLEACETIC AND OTHER DERIVATIVES ACID DERIVATIVES FENAMATES ACID DERIVATIVES NSAIDs* 1. Acetylsalicylic acid 3. Ketoprofen (Ketonal) 6.Meloxicam 10.Phenylbutazone 13.Reopyrin (Aspirin) 4.Sodium diclofenac (Movalise) (Butadion) 14.Novigan 2.Lysin acetylsalicylate (Voltaren, Orthofen) 7.Piroxicam 11.Clofezone 15.Arthrotek (Aspisol) 5.Thiaprofenic acid 8.Niflumic acid 12.Indomethacin 16.Fortalgin C (Surgam) (Donalgin) (Methindole) 17.Etodolac* (Elderin) Drugs and their synonyms 9. Mefenamic acid 18. Ketorolac* 19. Diclocaine 20.Ascofen 21.Inflagesic plus 22.Valcofen Suppression of the cyclooxygenase activity (COX), disturbance of the prostaglandins and thromboxane synthesis, suppression of the Mechanism of action inflammatory mediators, hyaluronidase, lysosomal hydrolases activity. Decrease of the energy supply in the inflammatory focus. Inhibition of the subcortical pain centers. Anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, antiaggregant (1-22); sedative, anticonvulsive (22). Pharmacological effects Side effects: gastric ulceration, allergic reactions, bleedings, leukopenia, bronchospasm (seldom). Diseases of the connective tissue (1-13,15,17,19); myalgia, arthralgia, bursitis (1-13,15-18,20-21); headache (1,2,9,14,16,20-22), hyperthermia Indications and (1,2,9,16,20-22); acute respiratory viral diseases (1,9,16,20-22), tendency of convulsive states appearance at high temperature in children (22), interchangeability pains in the traumatic injuries (1-5,7-10,12-18,21), arthritis (3-13,15,17,19,21), gout (10-13), glomerulonephritis (12), thrombophlebitis (1,2,10- 12), thromboprophylaxis, hypercoagulant syndrome (1,2); renal, hepatic and intestinal colics (14), postoperative pain syndrome (5,17,18,21). Salicylates mustn’t be combined with other NSAIDs (the ulcerogenic effect increases) and anticoagulants (the risk of bleeding increases). Doctor and pharmacist, Butadion is incompatible with glucocorticoids. Indomethacin decreases the effects of -adrenoblockers and saluretics. remember! Meloxicam is incompatible with cyclosporin, methotrexate, diuretics. After meals: 1,3-5,8-10,15,17. HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE DRUGS HYPNOTIC DRUGS CLASSIFICATION CYCLOPYRROLONE BENZODIAZEPINE BARBITURIC ACID DERIVATIVES* AND AGENTS SEDATIVE DRUGS DERIVATIVES DERIVATIVES FROM OTHER CHEMICAL GROUPS 1. Persen 10. Nitrazepam (Radedorm) 15. Phenobarbital (Luminal) 18. Zopiclone* (Imovan) 2. Sanason 11. Brotizolam (Lendormin) 16. Cyclobarbital (Fanodorm) 19. Metacvalone 3. Belloid 12. Midazolam (Dormikum) 17. Cyclobarbital+Diazepam 20. Zolpidem (Ivadal) Drugs and their 4. Sodium bromide 13. Triazolam (Halcion) (Reladorm) 21. Doxylamine (Donormyl) 5. Valerian extract 14. Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) synonyms 6. Corvalol (Valocordin) 7. Motherwort herb 8. Novo-passit 9. Cava-Cava extract (Antares) Increase and concentration of the inhibitory processes in brain cortex; inhibition of the excitation processes in CNS (1-9). Mechanism of action Inhibition of brain polysynaptic structures. Decrease of activating influence from reticular formation to brain cortex. Increase of activity of the natural inhibitory mediator GABA (10-21). Sedative (1-9), spasmolytic (1-3,5). Hypnotic, sedative (in low doses), potentiative, anticonvulsant (10-21); anxiolytic (10-14), muscle relaxant (10- Pharmacological effects 12,18). Indications and Neuroses (1-10), neurogenic diseases (peptic ulcer, ischemic heart disease, hypertension) (1,3-8). Insomnia: falling asleep disorders (9-13,15-21), sleep duration disorders (10,11,13-15,18). Rapid relief of convulsion syndromes (10,15). Premedication (10,12,14). Itching dermatosis, migraine, interchangeability climacteric syndrome (8). Sedative drugs are incompatible with MAO inhibitors, -adrenomimetics, adrenocorticoids, -adrenomimetics, antiarrhythmic drugs (quinidine- like ones). Hypnotic drugs are incompatible with tricyclic antidepressants, muscle relaxants, atropine sulfate. Doctor and pharmacist, Barbiturates and benzodiazepines can cause tolerance, addiction, euphoria, withdrawal syndrome. remember! Barbiturates
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