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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al USOO6264,917B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 24, 2001 (54) TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST 5,733,572 3/1998 Unger et al.. AGENTS 5,780,010 7/1998 Lanza et al. 5,846,517 12/1998 Unger .................................. 424/9.52 (75) Inventors: Jo Klaveness; Pál Rongved; Dagfinn 5,849,727 12/1998 Porter et al. ......................... 514/156 Lovhaug, all of Oslo (NO) 5,910,300 6/1999 Tournier et al. .................... 424/9.34 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo (NO) 2 145 SOS 4/1994 (CA). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 19 626 530 1/1998 (DE). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 O 727 225 8/1996 (EP). U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO91/15244 10/1991 (WO). WO 93/20802 10/1993 (WO). WO 94/07539 4/1994 (WO). (21) Appl. No.: 08/958,993 WO 94/28873 12/1994 (WO). WO 94/28874 12/1994 (WO). (22) Filed: Oct. 28, 1997 WO95/03356 2/1995 (WO). WO95/03357 2/1995 (WO). Related U.S. Application Data WO95/07072 3/1995 (WO). (60) Provisional application No. 60/049.264, filed on Jun. 7, WO95/15118 6/1995 (WO). 1997, provisional application No. 60/049,265, filed on Jun. WO 96/39149 12/1996 (WO). 7, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/049.268, filed WO 96/40277 12/1996 (WO). on Jun. 7, 1997. WO 96/40285 12/1996 (WO). (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO 96/41647 12/1996 (WO). WO 97/23855 7/1997 (WO). Oct. 28, 1996 (GB) .................................................. 9622366 WO 97/33474 9/1997 (WO). Oct. 28, 1996 (GB) ... ... 9622367 WO 97/41898 11/1997 (WO). Oct. 28, 1996 (GB) ... ... 9622368 WO 98/OO172 1/1998 (WO). Jan. 15, 1997 (GB) 97OO699 WO 98/04293 2/1998 (WO). Apr. 24, 1997 (GB) 9708265 WO 98/19705 5/1998 (WO). Jun. 6, 1997 (GB) ... ... 9711842 WO 98/20856 5/1998 (WO). Jun. 6, 1997 (GB) .................................................. 9711846 WO 98/42384 10/1998 (WO). (51) Int. Cl." ................................. A61B 8/00; A61B 8/14 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (52) U.S. Cl. ............................................ 424/9.52; 600/458 U.S. application No. 08/640,464, Unger, filed May 1, 1996. (58) Field of Search .................................. 424/9.52, 9.51, Medline database extract No. XP-002063692, 1997. 424/9.5, 450, 489; 530/300, 326, 327, 328, Biosis database extract No. XP-002063693, 1997. 329, 330; 600/441, 458 Medline database extract No. KP-00206411, 1997. (56) References Cited Muzykantov et al., J. Nuclear Medicine, 35(8): 1358–1365 (1994). U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Klibanov et al., Acta Radiologica, 38(Supp. 412): 113-120 4,927,916 5/1990 Matsueda et al. ... 530/387 (1997). 5,013,556 * 5/1991 Woodle et al. ... ... 424/450 5,154,924 10/1992 Friden ........ 424/85.91 * cited by examiner 5,198.424 3/1993 McEver .................................. 514/13 Primary Examiner Michael G. Hartley 5,356,633 * 10/1994 Woodle et al. ... 424/450 5,498,421 * 3/1996 Grinstaff et al. ... ... 424/450 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Bacon & Thomas 5,505,932 4/1996 Grinstaff et al. ...................... 424/9.3 (57) ABSTRACT 5,534.241 7/1996 Torchillin et al. 5,612,057 3/1997 Lanza et al. Targetable diagnostic and/or therapeutically active agents, 5,632,986 5/1997 Tait et al.. e.g. ultrasound contrast agents, having reporters comprising 5,643,553 7/1997 Schneider et al. gas-filled microbubbles stabilised by monolayers of film 5,650,156 7/1997 Grinstaff et al. forming Surfactants, the reporter being coupled or linked to 5,656.211 8/1997 Unger et al.. at least one vector. 5,665,383 9/1997 Grinstaff et al. 5,690.907 11/1997 Lanza et al.. 5,716,594 2/1998 Elmaleh et al. 17 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Jul. 24, 2001 Sheet 1 of 2 US 6,264,917 B1 256 Gm: 15.62 CW: 34.39 144-1023) 18430 (92.2/) s U.S. Patent Jul. 24, 2001 Sheet 2 of 2 US 6,264,917 B1 2561 GGm; 13.84 C W: 28.66 117-1023) 18880 (94.4/) M1 US 6,264,917 B1 1 2 TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST There is a limited body of prior art relating to targeted AGENTS ultrasound contrast agents. Thus, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,531,980 is directed to systems in which the reporter This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. 119(e) of comprises an aqueous Suspension of air or gas microbubbles provisional applications Serial No. 60/049,264 and 60/049, Stabilised by one or more film-forming Surfactants present at 265 both filed Jun. 7, 1997; and Ser. No. 60/049,268 filed least partially in lamellar or laminar form, said Surfactant(s) Jun. 7, 1997. being bound to one or more vectors comprising “bioactive This invention relates to diagnostic and/or therapeuti Species designed for Specific targeting purposes'. It is Stated cally active agents, more particularly to diagnostic and/or that the microbubbles are not directly encapsulated by Surfactant material but rather that this is incorporated in therapeutically active agents incorporating moieties which liquid-filled liposomes which stabilise the microbubbles. It interact with or have affinity for sites and/or structures will be appreciated that lamellar or laminar Surfactant mate within the body So that diagnostic imaging and/or therapy of rial Such as phospholipids present in Such liposomes will particular locations within the body may be enhanced. Of inevitably be present in the form of one or more lipid particular interest are diagnostic agents for use in ultrasound bilayers with the lipophilic tails “back-to-back” and the imaging, which are hereinafter referred to as targeted ultra 15 hydrophilic heads both inside and outside (see e.g. Sound contrast agents. Schneider, M. on "Liposomes as drug carriers: 10 years of It is well known that ultrasound imaging comprises a research” in Drug targeting, Nyon, Switzerland, Oct. 3-5, potentially valuable diagnostic tool, for example in Studies 1984, Buri, P. and Gumma, A. (Ed), Elsevier, Amsterdam of the vascular System, particularly in cardiography, and of 1984). tissue microvasculature. A variety of contrast agents has EP-A-0727225 describes targeted ultrasound contrast been proposed to enhance the acoustic images So obtained, agents in which the reporter comprises a chemical having a including Suspensions of Solid particles, emulsified liquid Sufficient vapour pressure Such that a proportion of it is a gas droplets, gas bubbles and encapsulated gases or liquids. It is at the body temperature of the subject. This chemical is generally accepted that low density contrast agents which asSociated with a Surfactant or albumin carrier which are easily compressible are particularly efficient in terms of 25 includes a protein-, peptide- or carbohydrate-based cell the acoustic backScatter they generate, and considerable adhesion molecule ligand as vector. The reporter moieties in interest has therefore been shown in the preparation of Such contrast agents correspond to the phase shift colloid gas-containing and gas-generating Systems. systems described in WO-A-9416739; it is now recognised Gas-containing contrast media are also known to be that administration of Such phase shift colloids may lead to effective in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, e.g. as generation of microbubbles which grow uncontrollably, susceptibility contrast agents which will act to reduce MR possibly to the extent where they cause potentially danger Signal intensity. Oxygen-containing contrast media also rep ouS embolisation of, for example, the myocardial vascula resent potentially useful paramagnetic MR contrast agents. ture and brain (see e.g. Schwarz, Advances in Echo-Contrast Furthermore, in the field of X-ray imaging it has been 1994(3)], pp. 48–49). observed that gases Such as carbon dioxide may be used as 35 WO-A-9320802 proposes that tissue-specific ultrasonic negative oral contrast agents or intravascular contrast image enhancement may be achieved using acoustically agents. reflective oligolamellar liposomes conjugated to tissue The use of radioactive gases, e.g. radioactive isotopes of Specific ligands Such as antibodies, peptides, lectins etc. The inert gases Such as Xenon, has also been proposed in liposomes are deliberately chosen to be devoid of gas and So Scintigraphy, for example for blood pool imaging. 40 will not have the advantageous echogenic properties of Targeted ultrasound contrast agents may be regarded as gas-based ultrasound contrast agents. Further references to comprising (i) a reporter moiety capable of interacting with this technology, e.g. in targeting to fibrin, thrombi and ultrasound irradiation to generate a detectable signal; (ii) one atherosclerotic areas are found in publications by or more vectors having affinity for particular target Sites Alkanonyuksel, H. et al. in J. Pharm. Sci. (1996) 85(5), and/or structures within the body, e.g. for Specific cells or 45 486-490, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. (1996)27(2) Suppl A, 298A; areas of pathology; and (iii) one or more linkers connecting and Circulation, 68 Sci. Sessions, Anaheim Nov. 13-16, said reporter and vector(s), in the event that these are not 1995. directly joined. There is also a number of publications concerning ultra The molecules and/or Structure to which the agent is Sound contrast agents which refer in passing to possible use intended to bind will hereinafter be referred to as the target. 50 of monoclonal antibodies as vectors without giving Signifi In order to obtain specific imaging of or a therapeutic effect cant practical detail and/or to reporters comprising materials at a Selected region/structure in the body the target must be which may be taken up by the reticuloendothelial System present and available in this region/structure.
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