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LONG-TERM CHANGES in the WATER TEMPERATURE of RIVERS in LATVIA Inese Latkovska1,2 # and Elga Apsîte1
PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Section B, Vol. 70 (2016), No. 2 (701), pp. 78–87. DOI: 10.1515/prolas-2016-0013 LONG-TERM CHANGES IN THE WATER TEMPERATURE OF RIVERS IN LATVIA Inese Latkovska1,2 # and Elga Apsîte1 1 Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas iela 1, Rîga LV-1004, LATVIA, e-mail: [email protected] 2 Latvian Environment, Geology, and Meteorology Centre, Maskavas iela 165, Rîga LV-1019, LATVIA # Corresponding author Communicated by Mâris Kïaviòð The study describes the trends of monthly mean water temperature (from May to October) and the annual maximum water temperature of the rivers in Latvia during the time period from 1945 to 2000. The results demonstrated that the mean water temperatures during the monitoring period from May to October were higher in the largest rivers (from 13.6 oC to 16.1 oC) compared to those in the smallest rivers (from 11.5 oC to 15.7 oC). Similar patterns were seen for the maxi- mum water temperature: in large rivers from 22.9 oC to 25.7 oC, and in small rivers from 20.8 oC to 25.8 oC. Generally, lower water temperatures occurred in rivers with a high groundwater inflow rate, for example, in rivers of the Gauja basin, in particular, in the Amata River. Mann-Kendall test results demonstrated that during the monitoring period from May to October, mean water tem- peratures had a positive trend. However, the annual maximum temperature had a negative trend. Key words: water temperature, long-term changes, river, Latvia. -
The Baltic Republics
FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES THE BALTIC REPUBLICS A Strategic Survey Erkki Nordberg National Defence College Helsinki 1994 Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College. Editor: Kalevi Ruhala Editorial Assistant: Matti Hongisto Editorial Board: Chairman Prof. Mikko Viitasalo, National Defence College Dr. Pauli Järvenpää, Ministry of Defence Col. Antti Numminen, General Headquarters Dr., Lt.Col. (ret.) Pekka Visuri, Finnish Institute of International Affairs Dr. Matti Vuorio, Scientific Committee for National Defence Published by NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE P.O. Box 266 FIN - 00171 Helsinki FINLAND FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 6 THE BALTIC REPUBLICS A Strategic Survey Erkki Nordberg National Defence College Helsinki 1992 ISBN 951-25-0709-9 ISSN 0788-5571 © Copyright 1994: National Defence College All rights reserved Painatuskeskus Oy Pasilan pikapaino Helsinki 1994 Preface Until the end of the First World War, the Baltic region was understood as a geographical area comprising the coastal strip of the Baltic Sea from the Gulf of Danzig to the Gulf of Finland. In the years between the two World Wars the concept became more political in nature: after Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania obtained their independence in 1918 the region gradually became understood as the geographical entity made up of these three republics. Although the Baltic region is geographically fairly homogeneous, each of the newly restored republics possesses unique geographical and strategic features. -
Health Systems in Transition
61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 1 03/03/2020 09:55 Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Vol. Health Systems in Transition Vol. 21 No. 4 2019 Health Systems in Transition: in Transition: Health Systems C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Latvia Latvia Health system review Daiga Behmane Alina Dudele Anita Villerusa Janis Misins The Observatory is a partnership, hosted by WHO/Europe, which includes other international organizations (the European Commission, the World Bank); national and regional governments (Austria, Belgium, Finland, Kristine Klavina Ireland, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the Veneto Region of Italy); other health system organizations (the French National Union of Health Insurance Funds (UNCAM), the Dzintars Mozgis Health Foundation); and academia (the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and the Giada Scarpetti London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)). The Observatory has a secretariat in Brussels and it has hubs in London at LSE and LSHTM) and at the Berlin University of Technology. HiTs are in-depth profiles of health systems and policies, produced using a standardized approach that allows comparison across countries. They provide facts, figures and analysis and highlight reform initiatives in progress. Print ISSN 1817-6119 Web ISSN 1817-6127 61575 Latvia HiT_2_WEB.pdf 2 03/03/2020 09:55 Giada Scarpetti (Editor), and Ewout van Ginneken (Series editor) were responsible for this HiT Editorial Board Series editors Reinhard Busse, Berlin University of Technology, Germany Josep Figueras, European -
Minutes of the 2Nd Meeting of the Estonian-Latvian Working Group For
Minutes of the 2nd meeting of the Estonian-Latvian Working Group for determing, prioritizing and coordinating the list of road sections for reconstruction in the border area Participants: Mr Vents Armands Krauklis, Chairman of Valka municipality Mr Margus Lepik, Chairman of Valga municipality Mr Andris Zunde, Executive director of Salacgriva municipality Mr Jānis Liberts, Chairman of Ape municipality Mr Artūrs Dukulis, Chairman of Alūksne municipality Mr Enno Kase, Deputy Mayor for Municipal Property and Municipal Maintenance of Valga Municipality Mr Urmas Kuldmaa, Traffic and road specialist of Valga municipality Mr Valdis Barda, Chairman of Aloja municipality Mr Imre Jugomäe, Chairman of Mulgi municipality Mr Guntis Gladkins, Chairman of Rūjiena municipality Mr Gundars Kains, Director of Development Administration of Latvian State Roads Mr Hannes Nagel, Estonian Ministry of Finance AGENDA 1. Overview of the IGC agenda issue as of December 2019 (Information by Estonian Ministry of Finance) 2. Overview of the road section priorities from the national respective authority perspective (Information by the Latvian State Roads) 3. Round table discussion about the cooperation and solution perspectives in regard of covering the prioritized border area gravel road sections with black cover 4. Conclusions and decisions 5. Location and time of 3rd meeting of the working group 1. Overview of the IGC agenda issue as of December 2019 Mr Hannes Nagel of the Estonian Ministry of Finance informed the members of the informal working group about the progress after the November 6 Joint Session of the Estonian and Latvian Intergovernmental Commission. 2. Overview of the road section priorities from the national respective authority perspective Mr Gundars Kains of the Latvian State Roads informed the members of the informal working group about the Latvian national priorities and methodology which is being used to compile the national road renovation list. -
Protected Areas and Opportunities for Ecotourism in Latvia
Protected areas and opportunities for ecotourism in Latvia Valdis Pilâts Gauja National Park, Baznîcas iela 3, Sigulda, LV-2150, Latvia [email protected] Introduction In Latvia similarly to elsewhere, nature based tourism and nature protection have clo- sely evolved. For instance, Gauja River valley with sandstone outcrops became a fa- mous destination place for travellers already at the beginning of the 19th century. German travellers who compared it to the Elba in Saxony and to the “Switzerland of Saxony” called it the “Switzerland of Livland”. In 1920s the first three areas of Gauja valley obtained the status of protected areas, and in 1930s a National Park of 375 ha was created there. During the first period of independence in the first half of 20th century Latvia had a powerful tourism industry. Income from tourism was almost twice the income from our main export product - bacon. Already in the 1930’s tourism was regar- ded as an essential component of regional development, which succeeded in stimula- ting economic development, maintaining the traditional rural landscape and also play- ing a role in public education about history and nature. Unfortunately, during the mid 1900’s Latvia was once again embroiled in war, and incorporated in the Soviet Union. As a result it was isolated behind the “iron curtain” and therefore still is a “blank spot “ on today’s European and World tourist maps. Nowadays Latvia similarly to other Eastern European States in post-communist transition period is looking for new ways to strengthen national economy. Tourism is one of the areas with greatest potential for development. -
Action Plan for Vidzeme Region
Cult ural Routes as Investments for Growth and Jobs Action Plan for Vidzeme Region December 2018 Cultural Routes as Investment for Growth and Jobs _________________________ © Cult-RInG Project Partnership and Vidzeme Tourism Association, Latvia This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Cult-RInG Project Communication and the respective partner: Vidzeme Tourism Association. Citation: Interreg Europe Project Cult-RInG Action Plan, Vidzeme Tourism Association, Latvia Cult-RInG project communication unit would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source on e-mail: [email protected] Disclaimer This document has been prepared with the financial support of Interreg Europe 2014-2020 interregional cooperation programme. The content of the document is the sole responsibility of Vidzeme Tourism Association and in no way reflect the views of the European Union institutions, nor the Managing Authority of the Programme. Any reliance or action taken based on the information, materials and techniques described within this document are the responsibility of the user. The Cult-RInG project partnership assumes no responsibility for any consequences arising from use of the information described within this document. December 2018 Action Plan 2 Cultural Routes as Investment for Growth and Jobs Interreg Europe Programme Interreg Europe Programme of interregional cooperation helps regional and local governments across Europe to develop and deliver better policy. -
Important Bird Areas of the Eu Importance in Latvia
4. ES NOZĪMES PUTNIEM NOZĪMĪGĀS VIETAS LATVIJĀ | IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS OF THE EU IMPORTANCE IN LATVIA Skaits un platības | Numbers and size coverage In total, 71 Important Bird Areas have been identified in Latvia (Fig. 4-2, Table 4-1), 64 of those are inland territories with a total of 534,056 hectares comprising 8.3% of the country’s land surface. The other 7 areas are marine territories with a total coverage of ca. 339,470 hectares of the Baltic sea and Riga gulf waters. These marine sites are listed for information only, but they are not included in the site accounts. The individual area sizes of the inland IBAs range from 184 ha to 92,322 ha (on average 8345 ha), though most of them (56 sites, 88%) are below 15,000 ha. The number of IBAs in different area size groups is shown in Fig. 4-1. In comparison with the previous national IBA inventory (Raèinskis & Stîpniece 2000), the number of the inland IBAs has increased by 10 sites with their total extent increasing two-fold by 274,368 ha. All marine IBAs have remained unmodified, as the application of the BirdLife IBA criteria at sea are still under development. The long-term changes in number of IBAs in Latvia and their relative area size, compared to the country’s land surface, is illustrated in Fig. 4-3. Latvijâ ir noteikta 71 putniem starptautiski nozîmîgâ vieta (4.1. tabula, 4.2. attçls). 64 no tâm atrodas iekðzemç un aizòem 534 056 ha jeb 8,3% valsts teritorijas. -
Economic and Social Council Distr
UNITED E NATIONS Economic and Social Council Distr. GENERAL TRANS/WP.5/2002/1/Add.2 14 June 2002 Original: ENGLISH ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE INLAND TRANSPORT COMMITTEE Working Party on Transport Trends and Economics (Fifteenth session, 2- 4 September 2002, agenda item 5) DEVELOPMENT REGARDING TRANSPORT POLICIES Replies to the questionnaire on transport development Addendum 2 Transmitted by the Government of Latvia Note: At its fifty-ninth session the Inland Transport Committee, following an earlier decision taken at its fortieth session (ECE/TRANS/42, para. 45), agreed to circulate the questionnaire on the most significant criteria for the determination of new and important developments with regard to inland transport in the member countries of general interest to Governments (ECE/TRANS/119, para. 52). * * * TRANS/WP.5/2002/1/Add.2 page 2 I. General transport policy aspects 1. 1.1. The Government of the Republic of Latvia has two programmes on transport policy in general: - National Transport Development Programme (2000-2006 year) - Railway Transport Development State Programme (1995-2010 year) The “Declaration on the intended activities of the Cabinet of Ministers” envisages the following activities regarding the development of the transport system: - Creation of a stable and long-term road network financing system according to the principle adopted in the road sector that the road user pays for road use. The distribution of revenues from the excise duty on oil products has been achieved up until April 2002: 60% in the special State budget – the State Road Fund (SRF) and 40% in the State consolidated budget instead of the previous distribution of 50% / 50%. -
Evidence of the Reformation and Confessionalization Period in Livonian Art
Ojārs Spārītis EVIDENCE OF THE REFORMATION AND CONFESSIONALIZATION PerIOD IN LIVONIAN ArT INTRODUCTION The singular transitional period that led from the slowly evolving me- dieval vision of the world to a new perception of life with its dynamic expression in works of history and art history texts has been given labels that reflect its chronological evolution, as well as the epithets referring to its philosophical and aesthetic content. To illustrate the variety of the social and spiritual aspects of European spiritual life in the second half of the 15th and the 16th century, literature in the humanitarian spheres exploited concepts from the Renaissance, the Reformation and Counter- Reformation. Concepts of both humanism and hedonism were used to characterize the domestic cultural content and form. However, they fail to reveal the development of the new historical period and contradic- tion-rich diversity of the material and spiritual life in the 15th and 16th centuries, when the growing dominance of economic expansion and the endeavours to acquire new knowledge along with the awareness of the tangible benefits and spiritual advantages of a university education was so characteristic of European culture. The history of spiritual evolution, with the variations related to the Reformation and confessionalization, is characterised by local regional contexts and forms of expression, but it also has a mandatory syn- chronicity with the processes of European political and intellectual life. Looking forward to the 500th anniversary of the Reformation initi- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/BJAH.2015.9.03 24 Ojārs Spārītis Reformation and Confessionalization Period in Livonian Art 25 ated by Martin Luther, it is worth examining the Renaissance-marked – the Teutonic Order and the bishops – used both political and spiritual fine arts testimonies from the central part of the Livonian confedera- methods in their battle for economic power in Riga. -
The Saeima (Parliament) Election
/pub/public/30067.html Legislation / The Saeima Election Law Unofficial translation Modified by amendments adopted till 14 July 2014 As in force on 19 July 2014 The Saeima has adopted and the President of State has proclaimed the following law: The Saeima Election Law Chapter I GENERAL PROVISIONS 1. Citizens of Latvia who have reached the age of 18 by election day have the right to vote. (As amended by the 6 February 2014 Law) 2.(Deleted by the 6 February 2014 Law). 3. A person has the right to vote in any constituency. 4. Any citizen of Latvia who has reached the age of 21 before election day may be elected to the Saeima unless one or more of the restrictions specified in Article 5 of this Law apply. 5. Persons are not to be included in the lists of candidates and are not eligible to be elected to the Saeima if they: 1) have been placed under statutory trusteeship by the court; 2) are serving a court sentence in a penitentiary; 3) have been convicted of an intentionally committed criminal offence except in cases when persons have been rehabilitated or their conviction has been expunged or vacated; 4) have committed a criminal offence set forth in the Criminal Law in a state of mental incapacity or a state of diminished mental capacity or who, after committing a criminal offence, have developed a mental disorder and thus are incapable of taking or controlling a conscious action and as a result have been subjected to compulsory medical measures, or whose cases have been dismissed without applying such compulsory medical measures; 5) belong -
003 Aktualizets Julijs 2016 Eng
Integration of specially protected nature territories of Latvia in spatial plans Project number: 4.3 -24/NFI/INP -003 Project title: Integration of specially protected nature territories of Latvia in spatial plans Project implementer: Nature Conservation Agency Total budget: EUR 553 146.17 Financial contribution: NFM funding in t he amount of 88,42% EUR 489 091.84 Republic of Latvia funding in the amount of 11,58% EUR 64 054.33 Agreement signed: 16.01.2014 Place of Latvia, duration 28 months, planned end date 30.04.2014. implementation: Project partners in Ministry of Enviromental Protection and Regional Development Latvia: Information about Ministry of Enviromental Protection and Regional Development is available: http://www.varam.gov.lv/eng/ Project partners in Oppland County Information about Oppland County is available: Norway : http://www.oppland.no Target groups: The primary target group of the project - 119 local municipalities, both those whose territories are located in specially protected nature territories and all the other territories in which the specialists will be trained for the implementation of the conception and methodology for integration of management plans into spatial plans. The primary target group is also the local experts who will be trained in workshops, developers and experts of the management plans who will participate in the preparation of management plans, as well as public institutions – Nature Conservation Agency, Ministry of the Environmental Protection and Regional Development, Planning regions, who will benefit in long-term from the development of conception and methodology and management plans. The secondary target group of the project is local people who live, work and rest in these areas, in which management plans will be prepared and negotiations with local leaders about the integration of management plans into spatial plans will be started. -
The Best of Latvia in 6 Days 21-27 May 2016
The Best of Latvia in 6 days 21-27 May 2016 We offer you: Organized by: The Baltic Rotary Club of Riga A comprehensive - Celebrating 7 years... tour of Latvia Guided visits to Dear Rotarians, selected places of Towards the end of May interest and sight- 2016, from the 21st to 27th, seeing (English The Baltic Rotary Club of speaker guides) Riga will host Rotarians Reserved luxury and their guests to an buses exciting and thrilling tour Lunch and dinners of the best in Latvia, as part included of its 7th Anniversary celebrations. We will guide Best Kept Secret”! and join us in celebrating Club 6th Anniver- you through the one of best (www.huffingtonpost.com/2 sary Gala evening country to travel in 2016 - our 7th Anniversary in www.lonelyplanet.com/ 014/03/24/lativa- style, friendship and best-in-travel - and its travel_n_4981083.html). comfort. capital: Riga, UNESCO An almost untouched natu- World Heritage Site, ral ecosystem and unforget- Proceeds from the event chosen as the prettiest table historical destinations European city by USA will be donated towards Costs: TODAY. Discover Latvia are waiting you. Come and the many charitable EUR 690/ person with us and it won't be witness this beauties during projects, of The Baltic EUR 1280/ Cou- anymore for you "Europe the summer of 2016. Rotary Club of Riga, for ple orphans and pensioners. (accommodation excluded) Reservations In the following pages please limited to 50 persons only find the sightseeing and at- Book early to avoid disap- tractions that will be seen pointment during the Tour, plus the Minimum number of persons events , subject to discretion- for the event to be conducted al changes.