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Ming China As a Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, and Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 Weicong Duan Washington University in St
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations Arts & Sciences Winter 12-15-2018 Ming China As A Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, And Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 Weicong Duan Washington University in St. Louis Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Asian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Duan, Weicong, "Ming China As A Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, And Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620" (2018). Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1719. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/art_sci_etds/1719 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts & Sciences at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY IN ST. LOUIS DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY Dissertation Examination Committee: Steven B. Miles, Chair Christine Johnson Peter Kastor Zhao Ma Hayrettin Yücesoy Ming China as a Gunpowder Empire: Military Technology, Politics, and Fiscal Administration, 1350-1620 by Weicong Duan A dissertation presented to The Graduate School of of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2018 St. Louis, Missouri © 2018, -
Black Powder Free
FREE BLACK POWDER PDF Ally Sherrick | 368 pages | 04 Aug 2016 | Chicken House Ltd | 9781910655269 | English | Somerset, United Kingdom Dixie Gun Works muzzleloading, blackpowder and rare antique gun supplies. Gunpowderalso known as the retronym Black Powder powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powderis the earliest known chemical explosive. The sulfur and charcoal act as fuels while the saltpeter is an oxidizer. Gunpowder was invented in 9th-century China as one Black Powder the Four Great Inventionsand spread throughout most parts of Eurasia by the end of Black Powder 13th century. Gunpowder is classified as a low explosive because of its relatively slow decomposition rate and consequently low brisance. Low explosives deflagrate i. Ignition of gunpowder packed behind a projectile generates enough pressure to force the shot from the muzzle at high speed, but usually not enough force to rupture the gun barrel. Gunpowder thus makes a good propellant, but is less suitable for shattering rock or fortifications with its low-yield explosive power. However, by transferring enough energy from the Black Powder gunpowder to the mass of the cannonball, and then from the Black Powder to the opposing fortifications by way of the Black Powder ammunition eventually a bombardier may wear down an opponent's Black Powder defenses. Gunpowder was widely used to fill fused artillery shells and used in mining and civil engineering projects until the second half of the 19th century, when the first Black Powder explosives were put into use. The earliest Black Powder formula for gunpowder appeared in the 11th century Song dynasty text, Wujing Zongyao Complete Essentials from the Military Classicswritten by Zeng Gongliang Black Powder and A slow match for flame throwing mechanisms using the siphon principle and for fireworks and rockets is mentioned. -
The Gunpowder Age China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History 1St Edition Download Free
THE GUNPOWDER AGE CHINA, MILITARY INNOVATION, AND THE RISE OF THE WEST IN WORLD HISTORY 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Tonio Andrade | 9780691135977 | | | | | Tonio Andrade Finally the Jin made a frontal assault and the Rise of the West in World History 1st edition the walls and scaled them, after which followed a merciless hunt for soldiers, officers, and officials of every level. Interaction with the outside world and adaptation in Southeast Asian society — His answer is a clarification of previously common answers. All in all a great read that helps also set the context for how China may view its c A fascinating look at why China 'fell behind' even though it was a leading pioneer of Gunpowder use in warfare. Anyone interested in the long view of the co-evolution of war and society—and what this means for the big questions of Military Innovation history—would do well to pick up this book. Gunpowder technology also spread to naval warfare and in Song decreed that all warships were to be fitted with trebuchets for hurling gunpowder bombs. They had bam-boo rods, a rocket-body lashed to the rod, and iron points. What happened? One of the first, if not the first of these weapons was the fire arrow. Interestingly, Andrade doesn't attribute discipline and drill among those innovations. February 4, The other was the 'flame-spouting lance' t'u huo ch'iang. January As Andrade explains, these would fail in the face of Western power largely because of confusion stemming from the Chinese court — even though Manchu emperors, themselves Confucians, understood the importance of warfare. -
Download the PDF File
Sacha Dobler AbruptEarthChanges.com Black Death and Abrupt Earth Changes in the 14th century 1290-1350: Abrupt Earth changes, astronomical, tectonic and meteorological events leading up to and culminating at the Black Death period at 1348 By Sacha Dobler 2017 © abruptearthchanges.com Fig. 1 14th Century engraving of the Black Death, depicting extreme lightning? Or fire from the sky devastating a town, a victim of plague? with spots distributed over the entire body. Image: http://www.historytoday.com 1 - (In the years before the Black Death in Europe), ”between Cathay and Persia there rained a vast rain of fire, falling in flakes like snow and burning up mountains and plains and other lands, with men and women; and then arose vast masses of smoke; and whoever beheld this died within the space of half an hour; and likewise any man or woman who looked upon those who had seen this(..)”.1 --Philip Ziegler writing about the years before the out break of the Black Death “The middle of the fourteenth century was a period of extraordinary terror and disaster to Europe. Numerous portents, which sadly frightened the people, were followed by a pestilence which threatened to turn the continent into an unpeopled wilderness. For year after year there were signs in the sky, on the earth, in the air, all indicative, as men thought, of some terrible coming event. In 1337 a great comet appeared in the heavens, its far- extending tail sowing deep dread in the minds of the ignorant masses. During the three succeeding years the land was visited by enormous flying armies of locusts, which descended in myriads upon the fields, and left the shadow of famine in their track. -
Codex Martialis: Weapons of the Ancient World
Cod ex Mart ial is Weapo ns o f t he An cie nt Wor ld : Par t 2 Arm or a nd M issile Weapo ns Codex Martialis : Weapons of the A ncient World Par t II : Ar mo r an d Mi ss il e We ap on s 1 188.6.65.233 Cod ex Mart ial is Weapo ns o f t he An cie nt Wor ld : Par t 2 Arm or a nd M issile Weapo ns Codex Martialis: Weapons of the Ancient World Part 2 , Ar mor an d Missile Weapo ns Versi on 1 .6 4 Codex Ma rtia lis Copyr ig ht 2 00 8, 2 0 09 , 20 1 0, 2 01 1, 20 1 2,20 13 J ean He nri Cha nd ler 0Credits Codex Ma rtia lis W eapons of th e An ci ent Wo rld : Jean He nri Chandler Art ists: Jean He nri Cha nd ler , Reyna rd R ochon , Ram on Esteve z Proofr ead ers: Mi chael Cur l Special Thanks to: Fabri ce C og not of De Tail le et d 'Esto c for ad vice , suppor t and sporad ic fa ct-che cki ng Ian P lum b for h osting th e Co de x Martia lis we bsite an d co n tinu in g to prov id e a dvice an d suppo rt wit ho ut which I nev e r w oul d have publish ed anyt hi ng i ndepe nd ent ly. -
A Comparative Study of the Origin of Legal Protections on Gun Rights
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Honors Theses, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Honors Program 3-14-2021 Practicality or Principle: A Comparative Study of the Origin of Legal Protections on Gun Rights Robert (RJ) Haskin University of Nebraska - Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/honorstheses Part of the Gifted Education Commons, Higher Education Commons, Other Education Commons, and the Political Science Commons Haskin, Robert (RJ), "Practicality or Principle: A Comparative Study of the Origin of Legal Protections on Gun Rights" (2021). Honors Theses, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 333. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/honorstheses/333 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses, University of Nebraska-Lincoln by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. PRACTICALITY OR PRINCIPLE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ORIGIN OF LEGAL PROTECTIONS ON GUN RIGHTS An Undergraduate Honors Thesis Submitted in Partial fulfillment of University Honors Program Requirements University of Nebraska-Lincoln by RJ Haskin, BA Political Science College of Arts and Sciences March 14, 2021 Faculty Mentors: Elizabeth Theiss-Morse, PhD, Political Science John Bender, PhD, Journalism Haskin 1 Abstract This study examines the legal protections of the right to bear arms as an extension of John Locke’s principles of government. Whereas most studies of the right to bear arms focus on the contemporary practical consequences of an armed populace, I focus on the foundations of the right and how it has been exercised across the diverse circumstances of the U.S. -
Teaching the History of Violence in China at a Southern Military College by Keith Knapp
Teaching Asia’s Giants: China RESOURCES TEACHING RESOURCES ESSAYS Editor’s Note: Professor Knapp compiled an extensive resources list for the course he developed and taught that is published in the online supplements of this issue. Teaching the History of Violence in China at a Southern Military College By Keith Knapp Source: Screen capture from PBS documentary Chinese Chariot Revealed: Unearth the Archaeological Discoveries of China’s Battle Chariots (2017) at https://tinyurl.com/yyojvkkt. robably in my second year of teaching at The Citadel, the Mili- 1842. Our student body is primarily the South Carolina Corp of Cadets, tary College of South Carolina, I attended a cadet’s public lecture which is composed of undergraduates who commit to living a military on Chinese politics. During the question-and-answer period, life: they all reside on campus, are organized into military companies, are Pone of my English department colleagues, a former Green Beret, stat- subject to military discipline, and must take an ROTC course each semes- ed that the Chinese were an effeminate people who had no martial tra- ter. Upon graduation, about 30 percent become officers in all branches of dition. Some of the cadets in the audience happened to be active-duty the US military. Since a great emphasis is placed on graduating with one’s soldiers from Taiwan. I was shocked and immediately told the English class, nearly 75 percent graduate in four years—to do so, cadets usual- professor that China had a long and storied history of martial prow- ly take eighteen to twenty-one credit hours per semester. -
|||GET||| the Gunpowder Age China, Military Innovation, and the Rise Of
THE GUNPOWDER AGE CHINA, MILITARY INNOVATION, AND THE RISE OF THE WEST IN WORLD HISTORY 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Tonio Andrade | 9780691178141 | | | | | Tonio Andrade The Mongols and their rise in world history as well as conflicts with both the Jin and Song played a key role Military Innovation the evolution of gunpowder technology. The powerful soldiers threw The Gunpowder Age China Huo Kuan Vets fire-pot and rushed into the city, crying and shouting. Other Editions 8. An illustration of fire arrow launchers as depicted in the Wubei Zhi Imported from Arabiaand the wider Islamic world, the Adalites, led by Ahmed The Gunpowder Age China Ibrahim al-Ghaziwere the first African power to introduce cannon warfare to the African continent. About Tonio Andrade. Each catapult shot was followed by an iron fire bomb [catapult shot], whose sound was like thunder. University of Pennsylvania Press. Upon arriving at the city, Bayan gave the inhabitants an ultimatum: "if you In Chinese technicians produced a 'fire-lance' huo ch' iang : gunpowder was exploded in a bamboo tube to discharge a cluster of pellets at a distance of yards. Jengis Khan's successor, Ogdai Khan, continued his dazzling conquests. During the American Revolutionary War, a number of caves were mined for saltpeter to make gunpowder when supplies from Europe were embargoed. A depiction of the "crouching tiger cannon" from the Huolongjing. Personal firearms were of very limited effectiveness until much later Pretty much all of this turns out to be wrong except point 1 and the reason why it's wrong is quite interesting. -
Meriam Cetbang Majapahit
Jurnal Sejarah. Vol. 3(2), 2020: 89 – 100 © Pengurus Pusat Masyarakat Sejarawan Indonesia Muhammad Averoes; DOI/ 10.26639/js.v3i2.285 ANTARA CERITA DAN SEJARAH: MERIAM CETBANG MAJAPAHIT Muhammad Averoes Jurusan Teknik Mesin, Universitas Brawijaya Email: [email protected] Abstract. This research was intended to trace the origin and the form of the Majapahit cetbang cannon. In many medias, cetbang is said to be a Majapahit weapon that was developed from Mongol gunpowder weapons obtained during the Mongol-Chinese attack on Java. The cetbang was described as a breech-loading swivel gun, but the Mongol-Chinese gunpowder weapon was very different from the breech-loading swivel gun. This paper investigated the cetbang cannon based on philological studies, its references in old Javanese language, and similar cannon from other parts of the world. Keywords: Cannon, cetbang, gunpowder, Majapahit, Mongol, China, old Javanese Pendahuluan Bubuk mesiu adalah salah satu penemuan yang penting dalam sejarah dunia. Karena sifatnya yang mudah terbakar dan menghasilkan panas dan gas yang tinggi, bubuk mesiu telah banyak digunakan sebagai propelan dalam senjata api, artileri, peroketan, dan kembang api, termasuk digunakan sebagai bahan peledak untuk bahan peledak dalam penggalian, penambangan, dan pembangunan jalan. Dalam pandangan lama peneliti Belanda, senjata bubuk mesiu (senjata api dan meriam) baru dapat ditemukan setelah abad ke-16 di Nusantara (Berg, 1927: 5). Penelitian lebih baru menunjukkan bahwa pernyataan ini salah. Di Nusantara, bubuk mesiu diperkirakan telah dikenal saat serangan Mongol ke Jawa pada tahun 1293 (Partington, 1999: 244-245). Buku Sejarah Dinasti Yuan (Yuan Shi) mencatat bahwa pasukan Mongol-Cina menggunakan senjata bernama pao atau p'au sebelum menyerang Daha (sekarang Kediri) (Groeneveld, 1876: 24). -
Weapons and Missiles in the Indian Environment
WEAPONS AND MISSILES IN THE INDIAN ENVIRONMENT Major General P K Chakravorty, VSM (Retd) VIVEKANANDA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION New Delhi Published in 2017 by Vivekananda International Foundation 3, San Martin Marg, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021, India www.vifindia.org @vifiindia © Vivekananda International Foundation (VIF), September 2017 Designed & Printed by Alpha Graphics, New Delhi All rights reserved. No part of this may be reproduced or utilized in any form, or any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. The view are that of the author’s and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. Contents Abbreviations v Foreword ix Chapter I Elements of Weapons and Missiles 1 Chapter II Likely Developments 6 Chapter III Impact on India 35 Chapter IV Optimisation of Weapons and Missiles in the 41 Indian Environment of Hybrid Warfare and Conventional Warfare Chapter V Way Ahead 66 Vivekananda International Foundation Abbreviations ABM Anti Ballistic Missile AEW&C Airborne Early Warning and Control ALH Advanced Light Helicopter AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System AMSL Above Mean Sea Level BMC Battle Management Weapon Control Centre Cal Calibre CBRN Chemical, Biological. Radiological and Nuclear C4I2SR Command Control Communications Computer Information Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance DPP Defence Procurement Procedure DRDO Defence Research and Development Organisation DPSU Defence -
Family Firearms Safety
FAMILY FIREARMS SAFETY . and Family Fun Shooting Competiton! 1 This course prepares instructors to provide Family Firearms Safety . This course is designed for families with kids ages 6 and up! 2 “Learning about firearms safety as a family will help gun-proof kids, but when the fun of properly shooting a firearm is experienced during a friendly fun competition amoung participating families, the spark is ignited!” —Susan and Rob, Founder/Director of SFWA . as well as conduct a family fun competition! 3 FAMILY FIREARMS SAFETY TRAINING When kids learn firearms safety at a young age, they will take it with them throughout their lives. Parents who make the decision to gun-proof their children Gun-Gun- understand the periles of trying to kid-proof ProofingProofing guns. Parents will know when the time is Kids right for their child to take their first step Kids past the “do not ever touch a gun” stage, to isis SaferSafer the “it is OK to touch a gun with mommy thanthan (or daddy) present and always following the safety rules no matter what”—the most Kid-Kid- important one, keeping the gun pointed in a ProofingProofing safe direction at all times. GunsGuns Teaching firearms safety to families will help gun-proof kids. Millie asked for her first gun before she ever when to elementary school! 4 and FAMILY FUN SHOOTING COMPETITION The focus of this course is to teach firearms safety to kids with their families in a group setting with other like-minded families—and then help them enjoy the fun of safe competition working together as a family unit as they compete against the other families. -
Six Secret Teachings
Six Secret Teachings The Six Secret Teachings (simplified Chinese: 六韬; traditional Chinese: 六韜; pinyin: Liù Tāo), is a treatise on civil and military strategy traditionally attributed to the legendary figure Jiāng Zǐyá, a confederate of King Wen of Zhou, founder of the Zhou Dynasty, at around the eleventh century BC. Modern historians nominally date its final composition to the Warring States period (c.475-221 BC), but some scholars believe that it preserves at least vestiges of ancient Qi political and military thought. Because it is written from the perspective of a statesman attempting to overthrow the ruling Shang dynasty, it is the only one of the Seven Military Classics explicitly written from a revolutionary perspective.[1] Chapter Summary 1. The Civil Strategy: The Civil Strategy provides the narrative of how Jiang Ziya came to dictate the Six Secret Teachings to King Wen, and elaborates on how the state must be organized in order to provide a logistical base for any future military expansion. "Moral, effective government is the basis for survival and the foundation for warfare. The state must thrive economically while limiting expenditures, foster appropriate values and behaviour among the populace, implement rewards and punishments, employ the worthy, and refrain from disturbing and harming the people."[2] This strategy teaches commanders never to delight in small advantages, or that is all they will achieve. It teaches that the greatest gains result from benevolence and helping others achieve their aspirations for a better world. 2. The Military Strategy: The Military Strategy continues the previous section's discussion of civil affairs, analyzes the current state of Zhou, and assesses the prospects of successfully overthrowing the Shang.