DOCSLIB.ORG

A PDF of This Newsletter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A PDF of This Newsletter November 2006 China Human Rights and Subscribe Rule of Law Update View PDF Version United States Congressional-Executive Commission on China Senator Chuck Hagel, Chairman | Representative Jim Leach, Co-Chairman Message From the Chairmen Reform of the Death Penalty Review Process The Commission commends the recent positive steps that China's leaders have taken to help minimize wrongful executions and provide greater procedural due process to criminal defendants. In September, the Supreme People's Court and Supreme People's Procuratorate issued reform measures that establish concrete guidelines for death penalty appeals. On October 31, the Chinese government passed an amendment that requires all death sentences to be reviewed by the Supreme People’s Court. The new amendment brings the primary law governing China's judiciary into conformity with other laws governing the criminal process and incorporates into law policy goals that the Supreme People's Court established in October 2005, when it issued a new five-year reform program for the Chinese judiciary. As a next positive step, the Commission urges the Supreme People’s Court to give full effect to its October 2005 commitments, by issuing a judicial interpretation to settle unresolved issues in the death penalty review process and to clarify its own procedures for review. Announcements Translation: Reform of the Death Penalty Review Process The Congressional-Executive Commission on China has prepared translations of the Decision on Amending the PRC Organic Law of the People's Courts, issued by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee on October 31, and the Trial Provisions on Several Issues Regarding Court Hearing Procedures in Death Penalty Appeals Cases, jointly issued by the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) and Supreme People’s Procuratorate (SPP) on September 21. For more information on these measures, see Law Amended To Require SPC Approval of All Death Sentences and SPC, SPP Issue Joint Interpretation on Death Penalty Appeals. The Commission previously prepared translations of the SPC Circular on Further Improving Open Court Session Work in Second Instance Death Penalty Cases and Second Five-Year Reform Program for the People's Courts. For more information on these reform measures, see Supreme People’s Court Calls for Hearings in Death Penalty Appeals and SPC Incorporates Reform of Death Penalty Review into New Five-Year Program. Roundtable: China's National and Local Regulations on Religion: Recent Developments in Legislation and Implementation The Congressional-Executive Commission on China will hold another in its series of staff-led Issues Roundtables, entitled "China’s National and Local Regulations on Religion: Recent Developments in Legislation and Implementation," on Monday, November 20, from 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM in Room 2200 of the Rayburn House Office Building. The witnesses are: ● Eric R. Carlson, Attorney, Covington & Burling LLP. ● Bob (Xiqiu) Fu, President, China Aid Association. ● James W. Tong, Associate Professor of Comparative Politics, University of California—Los Angeles and Editor of the journal Chinese Law and Government. Translation: Supreme People's Court Interpretations on Commercial Arbitration The Commission has prepared a translation of the Interpretation Regarding Certain Issues Relating to the Application of the "People's Republic of China Arbitration Law", issued by the Supreme People's Court on August 23, 2006, as well as a translation of Chapter Six of the Minutes of the Second National Work Meeting on Adjudications Involving Commercial and Maritime Affairs issued by the Supreme People's Court on December 26, 2005 addressing foreign arbitrations. For additional information regarding the Interpretation, see Supreme People's Court Provides Clarification on Arbitration Law below. CECC China Human Rights and Rule of Law Update Update on Rights and Law in China Human Rights Updates Rule of Law Updates All Updates Law Amended To Require SPC Approval of All Death Sentences The Supreme People's Court (SPC) submitted a new amendment to the Organic Law of the People's Courts to require that all death sentences be approved by the SPC, according to an October 28 China Daily report (reprinted in Xinhua). The National People's Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) issued a decision on October 31, making the amendment effective as of January 1, 2007, according to a Xinhua report (reprinted in China Daily) on the same date. Xinhua quoted Xiao Yang, President and Chief Justice of the SPC, as saying that the new amendment will "give the defendants in death sentence cases one more chance to have their opinions heard." Xiao explained that reclaiming the power of death penalty review from provincial-level high courts will allow the SPC to separate review and approval of a death sentence from the appeals process at the local level. Xinhua notes that the practice of allowing provincial-level high courts to handle both the appeal and the final review of a death sentence has generated increasing criticism "for causing miscarriages of justice." A September 30, 2005, Southern Daily editorial (in Chinese) pointed out that provincial-level high courts typically combine the appeals process with the review process, therefore making the review process meaningless. Moreover, the ability of local administrative bodies to control the finances and staffing of provincial-level high courts makes those courts more susceptible to outside pressures than the SPC. The new amendment brings the primary law governing China's judiciary into conformity with other laws governing the criminal process. The China Daily report comments: "In fact, a revision to the Criminal Procedure Law in 1996 and the Criminal Law amendment in 1997 both had clear stipulations requiring death sentences to be approved by the Supreme People's Court. But such stipulations have not been officially implemented." The SPC first shifted the legal authority to review and approve certain death sentences to provincial high courts in 1980, and the NPCSC incorporated this devolution of authority into law with a 1983 Amendment to the 1979 Organic Law of the People's Courts. The 1983 Amendment changed the requirement that the SPC decide or approve all death penalty cases to create the following carve-out: The Supreme People's Court, when necessary, may authorize high people's courts of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government to exercise the authority to review and approve cases in which the death penalty is imposed for homicide, rape, robbery, causing explosions, and other crimes seriously endangering public security and social order. Beginning in 1997, Article 48 of the Criminal Law and Article 199 of the Criminal Procedure Law again imposed the requirement that the SPC approve all death sentences. The government has allowed the outdated 1983 Amendment to remain effective until January 1, 2007. The new amendment also incorporates into law policy goals that the SPC established in October 2005, when it issued a Second Five-Year Reform Program for the People's Courts to highlight reform of the death penalty review process as a priority topic for the Chinese judiciary. On September 21, the SPC and Supreme People's Procuratorate issued a joint interpretation to establish specific guidelines for how local courts and procuratorates should handle death penalty appeals. The SPC has not yet issued a judicial interpretation to settle unresolved issues in the death penalty review process and to clarify its own procedures for final review. For more information on Chinese law governing the review and approval of death sentences, see the CECC's topic paper on The Execution of Lobsang Dondrub and the Case Against Tenzin Deleg: The Law, the Courts, and the Debate on Legality. See also information on "Capital Punishment," in Section V(b) of the CECC's 2006 Annual Report. SPC, SPP Issue Joint Interpretation on Death Penalty Appeals The Supreme People's Court (SPC) and Supreme People's Procuratorate have jointly issued a judicial interpretation that establishes concrete guidelines for the handling of death penalty appeals (ershen, or "second instance" cases) by local courts and procuratorates, according to a September 25 Xinhua report (in Chinese). The Trial Provisions on Several Issues Regarding Court Hearing Procedures in Death Penalty Appeals Cases (Trial Provisions) were issued on September 21 and went into effect on September 25. The Trial Provisions help clarify policy goals that were established by the SPC in its Second Five-Year Reform Program for the People's Courts and its Circular on Further Improving Open Court Session Work in Second Instance Death Penalty Cases, both issued in late 2005. Specifically, the Trial Provisions provide guidance on the following issues, among others: ● When an appellate (or second instance) court should conduct a hearing in a death penalty case (Articles 1-2). ● Whether procuratorate personnel should appear in court (Article 9). ● Which appellate court personnel should be present to hear the case (Article 11). ● Which other individuals should appear in court for the hearing and under what circumstances (Article 13). ● What tasks the appellate court and procuratorate should complete prior to the hearing and what issues they should focus on (Articles 5, 8, 10, and 12). ● What specific protocol should be followed at each hearing (Article 14). November 2006 Page 2 of 16 CECC China Human Rights and Rule of Law Update The Trial Provisions reform the death
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hong Kong SAR
    China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • ONE the SUPREME COURT and the MAKING of PUBLIC POLICY in CONTEMPORARY CHINA Eric C. Ip
    ONE THE SUPREME COURT AND THE MAKING OF PUBLIC POLICY IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA Eric C. Ip Post-Mao China saw profound social, economic and legal changes. This paper analyzes an often neglected aspect of these transformations: the evolution of the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) into an increasingly influential political actor in national law and policy-making. The SPC has self-consciously redefined its mandate to manage state-sponsored legal reforms by performing an expansive range of new functions such as issuing abstract rules, tightening control over lower courts and crafting out a constitutional jurisprudence of its own at the expense of other powerful state actors. It is more assertive than ever its own vision of how law should develop in the contemporary People’s Republic of China (PRC)SPC action can be broadly consistent with the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) interests, autonomous and expansive at the same time. However, the SPC’s reform initiatives are inevitably constrained by the vested interests of major bureaucratic players as well as the Party’s insistence on maintaining the Court as an integral administrative agency of its public security system. Eric C. Ip is working towards a doctorate at Oxford University's Centre for Socio- Legal Studies. A student of the political science subfields of comparative constitutional design and judicial politics, he earned his undergraduate degree in Government and Laws from The University of Hong Kong, and an LL.M. (distinction) degree from King's College, University of London. He is an Academic Tutor in Law and Politics at St. John's College, The University of Hong Kong; an Academic Fellow at The Institute of Law, Economics, and Politics; and a member of the American Political Science Association and the British Institute of International and Comparative Law.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the
    [Show full text]
  • Region Rises from Serfdom to Selfdetermination
    CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Thursday, March 28, 2019 | 7 CHINA Tibet Region rises from serfdom to self­determination Sixty years ago, the old government of Tibet was dismissed. The date was later named ‘Serf’s Emancipation Day’. Cui Jia and Palden Nyima report from Shigatse, Tibet autonomous region. Editor’s note: This is the first of a tion and social system, which made series of stories about the Tibet it extremely difficult to disseminate autonomous region, focusing on the progressive ideas, he said. area’s history, poverty­alleviation In 1951, Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme measures and the cultural and busi­ was the Tibetan government’s chief ness sectors. negotiator during the process of signing the Agreement of the Cen­ hurbu Tsering was born in tral People’s Government and the Phalha Manor in Gyalze Local Government of Tibet on county, Tibet autonomous Measures for the Peaceful Libera­ region. The house, in Paljor tion of Tibet. PLhunpo village, was once owned by The agreement acknowledged the the aristocratic Phalha family. necessity of reforming Tibet’s social Before 1959, the family owned system and stressed that “the local much of the land in the county, government of Tibet should carry which is renowned for its fertility out reform voluntarily”. and boasts perfect conditions for Zhang said: “The central govern­ the cultivation of highland barley. ment was very patient toward the The Phalhas also owned Phurbu reform out of consideration for the Tsering’s parents, who were “house special circumstances in Tibet. It slaves”, nangzan in the Tibetan lan­ didn’t want to create any conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement May 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC .......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 44 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 45 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 52 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 May 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC
    [Show full text]
  • Hong Kong, 1997 : the Politics of Transition
    The Politics of Transition Enbao Wang .i.' ^ m iip Canada-Hong Kong Resource Centre ^ff from Hung On-To Memorial Library ^<^' Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from IVIulticultural Canada; University of Toronto Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/hongkong1997poli00wang Hong Kong, 1997 Canada-Hong Kong Resource Centre Spadina 1 Crescent, Rjn. Ill • Tbronto, Canada • M5S lAl Hong Kong, 1997 The Politics of Transition Enbao Wang LYNNE RIENNER PUBLISHERS BOULDER LONDON — Published in the United States of America in 1995 by L\ nne Rienner Publishers. Inc. 1800 30lh Street. Boulder. Colorado 80301 and in the United Kingdom by U\ nne Rienner Publishers. Inc. 3 Henrietta Street. Covenl Garden. Uondon WC2E 8LU © 1995 by Lynne Rienner Publishers, inc. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wang. Enbao. 1953- Hong Kong. 1997 : the politics of transition / Enbao Wang. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-55587-597-1 (he: alk. paper) 1 . Hong Kong—Politics and government. 2. Hong Kong—Relations China. 3. China—Relations — Hong Kong. 4. China— Politics and government— 1976- 1. Title. bs796.H757W36 1995 951.2505—dc20 95-12694 CIP British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Uibrarv. This book was t\peset b\ Uetra Libre. Boulder. Colorado. Printed and bound in the United States of .America The paper used in this publication meets the requirements @ of the .American National Standard for Permanence
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement March 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 45 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 48 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 51 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 58 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 62 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member BoD Board of Directors Cdr. Commander CEO Chief Executive Officer Chp. Chairperson COO Chief Operating Officer CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep.Cdr. Deputy Commander Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson Hon.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • China (Includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau) 2016 Human Rights Report
    CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2016 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is an authoritarian state in which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is the paramount authority. CCP members hold almost all top government and security apparatus positions. Ultimate authority rests with the CCP Central Committee’s 25-member Political Bureau (Politburo) and its seven-member Standing Committee. Xi Jinping continued to hold the three most powerful positions as CCP general secretary, state president, and chairman of the Central Military Commission. Civilian authorities maintained control of the military and internal security forces. Repression and coercion of organizations and individuals involved in civil and political rights advocacy as well as in public interest and ethnic minority issues remained severe. As in previous years, citizens did not have the right to choose their government and elections were restricted to the lowest local levels of governance. Authorities prevented independent candidates from running in those elections, such as delegates to local people’s congresses. Citizens had limited forms of redress against official abuse. Other serious human rights abuses included arbitrary or unlawful deprivation of life, executions without due process, illegal detentions at unofficial holding facilities known as “black jails,” torture and coerced confessions of prisoners, and detention and harassment of journalists, lawyers, writers, bloggers, dissidents, petitioners, and others whose actions the authorities deemed unacceptable. There was also a lack of due process in judicial proceedings, political control of courts and judges, closed trials, the use of administrative detention, failure to protect refugees and asylum seekers, extrajudicial disappearances of citizens, restrictions on nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), discrimination against women, minorities, and persons with disabilities.
    [Show full text]
  • CECC China Human Rights and Rule of Law Update Found on the CLB Web Site and in the CECC Political Prisoner Data Base
    China Human Rights and October 1, 2005 Rule of Law Update Subscribe United States Congressional-Executive Commission on China Senator Chuck Hagel, Chairman | Representative Jim Leach, Co-Chairman Events Roundtable: China's Household Registration (Hukou) System: Discrimination and Reform The Congressional-Executive Commission on China held another in its series of staff-led Issues Roundtables, entitled China's Household Registration (Hukou) System: Discrimination and Reform, on September 2, from 2:00 - 3:30 PM in Room 2168 of the Rayburn House Office Building. The panelists were Fei-Ling Wang, Professor, The Sam Nunn School of International Affairs, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia; and Chloé Froissart, PhD candidate at the Institute of Political Science of Paris, affiliated to the Center for International Studies and Research, Paris; Research Fellow at the French Center for Research on Contemporary China, Hong Kong. Translation: Court Judgment in Shi Tao State Secrets Trial The Congressional-Executive Commission on China has prepared a translation of the Changsha Intermediate People's Court's Written Judgment in the Shi Tao State Secrets Trial. Translation: New Rules on Internet News Publishing The Congressional-Executive Commission on China has prepared a translation of the Rules on the Administration of Internet News Information Services, promulgated by the State Council Information Office and the Ministry of Information Industry on September 25, 2005. A summary of the Rules prepared by the Commission is available here. Updates on Rights and Law in China Human Rights Updates Rule of Law Updates All Updates Yahoo! Cited in Court Decision as Providing Evidence in Shi Tao State Secrets Trial On April 27, 2005, a Chinese court sentenced newspaper editor Shi Tao to 10 years imprisonment for disclosing state secrets for e-mailing notes of an editorial meeting to an organization in New York City.
    [Show full text]
  • The CCP Central Committee's Leading Small Groups Alice Miller
    Miller, China Leadership Monitor, No. 26 The CCP Central Committee’s Leading Small Groups Alice Miller For several decades, the Chinese leadership has used informal bodies called “leading small groups” to advise the Party Politburo on policy and to coordinate implementation of policy decisions made by the Politburo and supervised by the Secretariat. Because these groups deal with sensitive leadership processes, PRC media refer to them very rarely, and almost never publicize lists of their members on a current basis. Even the limited accessible view of these groups and their evolution, however, offers insight into the structure of power and working relationships of the top Party leadership under Hu Jintao. A listing of the Central Committee “leading groups” (lingdao xiaozu 领导小组), or just “small groups” (xiaozu 小组), that are directly subordinate to the Party Secretariat and report to the Politburo and its Standing Committee and their members is appended to this article. First created in 1958, these groups are never incorporated into publicly available charts or explanations of Party institutions on a current basis. PRC media occasionally refer to them in the course of reporting on leadership policy processes, and they sometimes mention a leader’s membership in one of them. The only instance in the entire post-Mao era in which PRC media listed the current members of any of these groups was on 2003, when the PRC-controlled Hong Kong newspaper Wen Wei Po publicized a membership list of the Central Committee Taiwan Work Leading Small Group. (Wen Wei Po, 26 December 2003) This has meant that even basic insight into these groups’ current roles and their membership requires painstaking compilation of the occasional references to them in PRC media.
    [Show full text]
  • China Data Supplement January 2007
    China Data Supplement January 2007 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 55 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 57 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 62 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 69 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 73 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 January 2007 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member BoD Board of Directors Cdr. Commander CEO Chief Executive Officer Chp. Chairperson COO Chief Operating Officer CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep.Cdr. Deputy Commander Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson Hon.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • ASA 17/65/90 Distr: UA/SC 2 November 1990
    EXTERNAL (for general distribution) AI Index: ASA 17/65/90 Distr: UA/SC 2 November 1990 Further Information on UA 70/90 (ASA 17/07/90, 16 February) - Fear of Torture (new concern)/Fear of Execution PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC) (Tibet Autonomous Region): Lobsang Tenzin There have been persistent reports that Lobsang Tenzin, a Tibetan prisoner sentenced to death in 1989 with a two-year stay of execution, is held with his feet permanently shackled in Drapchi, one of the main prisons of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR). His health is said to be poor. It is not known whether Lobsang Tenzin's family has been permitted to visit him and he is not believed to have been given access to a lawyer or an independent medical practitioner. Amnesty International is concerned that Lobsang Tenzin may be suffering ill-treatment in detention. Amnesty International is also concerned that Lobsang Tenzin's death sentence might be carried out in the next few months. A decision on whether or not to commute his death sentence should, according to Chinese law, be made before the expiry of the stay of execution on or shortly before 19 January 1991. To Amnesty International's knowledge, no decision to commute his death sentence has yet been announced. Amnesty International opposes the death penalty in all cases as the ultimate form of torture and as a violation of the right to life. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Lobsang Tenzin, now about 25, a former student at the TAR University, was reportedly arrested with three other men on 16 April 1988.
    [Show full text]