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Eden Aquatic Biota, Microflora & Microfauna of Yambulla State

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Eden Aquatic Biota, Microflora & Microfauna of Yambulla State This document has been scanned from hard-copy archives for research and study purposes. Please note not all information may be current. We have tried, in preparing this copy, to make the content accessible to the widest possible audience but in some cases we recognise that the automatic text recognition maybe inadequate and we apologise in advance for any inconvenience this may cause. ,~------------------- ' ..............................~ RESEARCH PAPER NO.9 1989 i ">': I II' (, Eden Aquatic Biota, . Microflora and Microfauna of Yambulla State Forest Catchments by D.W. Edwards FORESTRY COMMISSION OF NEW SOUTH WALES EDEN AQUATIC BIOTA MICRO FLORA AND MICRO FAUNA OF .1 l YAMBULLA STATE FOREST CATCHMENTS by D.W. Edwards Research Fellow WOOD TECHNOLOGY AND FOREST RESEARCH DIVISION FORESTRY COMMISSION OF NEW SOUTH WALES SYDNEY 1989 Research Paper No.9 1989 Published by: Forestry Commission of New South Wales, Wood Technology an~ Forest Research Division, 27 Oratava Avenue, West Pennant Hills. N.S.W. 2120. P.O. Box 100, Beecroft. N.S.W. 2119. Australia. Copyright © 1989 by Forestry Commission of New South Wales ODC 116:14:16 (944) / EDW ISSN 0729-5340 ISBN 07305 77007 Eden Aquatic Biota Microflora and Microfauna -i- of Yambulla State Forest Catchments TABLE OF CONTENTS. .. ....... PAGE SUMMARY......................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................. 1 STUDY AREA.................................................................... 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS•................................................... 3 RESULTS •...................................................................... 4 DISCUSSION•.................................................................. 4 CONCLUSIONS•............................................................... 12 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS•....................................................... 14 BmLIGRAPHY................................................................ 14 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1. Vegetation of three YambuIla State Forest research catchments............... 19 APPENDIX 2. Sampling times for aquatic biota in YambuIla State Forest research ........... 19 catchments and their environs, 1986-1987. APPENDIX 3. Bed load size class distribution (%) for YambuIla State Forest research weirs .... 20 APPENDIX 4. Water pH ranges in YambuIla State Forest research weirs .................... 20 APPENDIX 5. Notes,on some algae recovered'from YambuIla State Forest and its environs .....21 APPENDIX 6. Potential food sources of aquatic biota found in the current survey . .. 23 of the YambuIla research catchments. APPENDIX 7. Sorensen's Quotients of Similarity for YambuIla State Forest research.......... 24 weirs at each monthly sampling, November 1986-0ctober 1987. APPENDIX 8. Eden District Report on algal deposits in the Wallagaraugh River............. .25 Research Paper No. 9 Forestry Commission of New South Wales Eden Aquatic Biota Microflora and Microfauna -1- of Yambulla State Forest Catchments SUMMARY grow vigorously in polluted waters whilst others grow only in waters of high purity. Being green Forty-nine algal genera have been recorded from plants they require sunlight and a supply of nutrients experimental weirs and freshwater streams in Yambulla such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Feeding on these State Forest and its environs during 1986-87, together are a wide variety of invertebrates, mostly very small, with twenty-six invertebrate taxa. The significance of which in turn become a food base for larger or­ each taxa is discussed. ganisms, culminating in animals such as fish, amphibians and birds. No clear differences were apparent between logged and unlogged weirs or between burnt and unburnt weirs Many freshwater species of algae and invertebrates during the study. A quantitative assessment based on are cosmopolitan, but because of differences in selected algal taxa is considered necessary before any catchment geology, terrain, riparian vegetation, num­ final conclusions can be drawn. ber and size of riffle beds and other factors it did not appear reasonable to make extrapolations to the Eden Forest Region without a local survey. In November INTRODUCTION 1986 the Forestry Commission of New South Wales began a study of the flora and fauna of some Eden The Senate Standing Committee on Science and the forest streams to determine the effects of logging and Environment in a report on the woodchip industry fire on such ecosystems. This report outlines the (1977) emphasised the need for biological research in fmdings of an inventory of the microfauna and relation to forestry. Conclusion 69 stated "The extreme microflora of six catchments within Yambulla State lack of knowledge in the biological sphere in Australia Forest between November 1986 and October 1987. is a cause for serious national concern. It is hampering responsible decision making in areas of considerable STUDY AREA social importance". Conclusion 75 further stated that "taxonomic studies of the Australian fauna and flora, the invertebrates in particular, are absolutely basic to 1. Location research progress in many biological fields of impor­ tance to forestry". Recommendation 13 noted the value Yam bulla S.F. No. 126 is located in south-eastern 0 0 of part-time and amateur contributions to such work. New South Wales, at 37 29'S and 149 35'E (Mackay and Robinson, 1987) and has an area of 51 Michaelis (1984) Ieferring to a joint Forestry Commis­ 771 ha (18.6% of the total State Forests of the Eden sion/Australian Museum study of the effects on Region (278 529 ha) (Harris-Daishowa, 1988). terrestrial vertebrates of "clear felling" at Eden (Recher et al., 1980) as one of the most detailed forest ecology The six research catchments in Yambulla State Forest studies to date says that it emphasises the need for a (Fig. 1) were chosen for the survey because of the comparable study on the fresh water biota. This need considerable amount of hydrological and other data has also been advanced by Smith (1988) in an Eden available from sampling stations at weirs in each Environmental Impact Statement. catchment (Mackay and Cornish, 1982; Cornish and Binns, 1987; Mackay and Robinson, 1987; Olive and Studies of river biota have been made for the Cox's Reiger 1987). River in central New South Wales (Jolly and Chapman, 1966), for some streams in northern N.S.W. (playfair, 2. Geology 1914; Pidgeon and Cairns, 1981) for coastal rivers in southern N.S.W. ( Richardson, 1985), for the Sydney Beams (1977), Rieger et al., (1979), Mackay and Water Supply (Bowen and Smalls, 1980) and there is Cornish (1982) and Hough (1983) described the an early listing for the Sydney region (Whitelegge, geology of the Yambulla research catchments as 1889). based mostly on Adamellite granites. This rock type produces shallow, yellow duplex soils of low nutrient Victorian rivers have been the subject of many recent status (Lambert and Turner, 1983; Turner and Lam­ investigations (Maclennan, 1950; Tudor, 1971; Met­ bert, 1986) with some patches of red duplex soil in zling, 1977; Robinson, 1977; Yule, 1978; Blackburn catchments 5 and 6 (Mackay and Cornish, 1982). and Petr, 1979; Powling, 1980; Hortle and Lake, 1982; Blyth et al., 1984; Carr et al., 1984; Doeg, 1984; Catchment 4 is somewhat different from the other Marchant et al., 1984; Metzling et al., 1984; Brown et five catchments. Cornish (1986) reported a al. , 1986) and in south-eastern Queensland MacLeod hydrological response after wildfrre which was (1975) has reported on the known freshwater algae. separated from the other five catchments together with higher magnesium concentrations in the Two major components of river biota are algae and streams and a different ratio of monovalent to invertebrates. Algae are found in fresh waters divalent cations. He suggested that this indicated the throughout the world in rivers, streams, lakes, dams, presence of small areas of an undetected rock, puddles, marshes, bogs and temporary pools. Some possibly basalt. Research Paper No. 9 Forestry Corrunission of New South Wales Eden Aquatic Biota Microflora and Microfauna of Yambulla State Forest Catchments -2- 3. Physical Features 5. Vegetation The catchments range in area from 75 ha to 225 ha and Major forest types in the catchment have been occur in elevations from 180 m to 476 m (Mackayand described (Mackay and Cornish, 1982; Bridges, Robinson, 1987). Streams near the experimental weirs 1983). In order of importance these are Eucalyptus have rocky bottoms with very few riffle beds. sieberi L.A.S. Johnson (40%); E. agglomerata Maiden (20%) and E. muellerana Rowitt (10%). The topograghy is moderate, 68% of the slopes bein§ less than 15 and 5% of the slopes greater than 30 Minor species are E. consideniana Maiden, E. (Bridges, 1983). globoidea Blakely, E. obliqua L. Rerit. and E. cypel­ locarpa L.A.S. Johnson. The dominant height of the 4. Climate forest averages 25-30 m, rising to 40 m on wet sites (Mackay and Cornish, 1982). The understorey is described as sparse, except in localised, moderately Climatic features of the catchments are well docu­ dense stands, with Casuarina (Allocasuarina) lit­ mented (Mackay and Cornish, 1982; Bridges, 1983; toralis Salisb. on the ridges and slopes and dense Mackay and Robinson, 1987). The mean annual rain­ thickets of Melaleuca squarrosa Donn ex Srn. and fall is generally low and evenly distributed throughout Leptospermum juniperinum Srn. around drainage the year, but quite long dry and wet periods may occur lines
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