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Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy AECOM East Gippsland Water 8 April 2010 Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy AECOM Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy Prepared for East Gippsland Water Prepared by AECOM Australia Pty Ltd Level 9, 8 Exhibition Street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia T +61 3 9653 1234 F +61 3 9654 7117 www.aecom.com ABN 20 093 846 925 8 April 2010 © AECOM Australia Pty Ltd 2010 The information contained in this document produced by AECOM Australia Pty Ltd is solely for the use of the Client identified on the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and AECOM Australia Pty Ltd undertakes no duty to or accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. All rights reserved. No section or element of this document may be removed from this document, reproduced, electronically stored or transmitted in any form without the written permission of AECOM Australia Pty Ltd. C:\Documents and Settings\wallners\My Documents\SharePoint Drafts\01 Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy.docx Revision C - 8 April 2010 Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy AECOM Quality Information Document Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy Ref Date 8 April 2010 Prepared by L Dragicevich Reviewed by Steven Wallner Revision History Authorised Revision Revision Details Date Name/Position Signature A 14- Jan- Draft Document Elisa Hunter 2010 Principal Consultant B 29-Jan-2010 Final Draft Document Elisa Hunter Principal Consultant C 08-Apr-2010 Final Document Andrew Grant Original Signed Associate Director C:\Documents and Settings\wallners\My Documents\SharePoint Drafts\01 Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy.docx Revision C - 8 April 2010 Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy AECOM Table of Contents Executive Summary i 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Regional Setting 4 2.0 Current Water Supply 5 2.1 Description of Water Supply System 5 2.1.1 Surface Water Extraction 5 2.1.2 Groundwater Extraction 5 2.1.3 Water Treatment Plant 6 2.2 Allocation of Water 7 2.2.1 Bulk Water Entitlements 7 2.2.2 Groundwater Licences 7 2.3 Level of Service Objectives 8 2.4 Historical Water Restrictions 8 3.0 Previous Studies, Legislation and Regulation 9 3.1 Previous Long Term Planning Studies 9 3.1.1 Drought Response Plan for Mallacoota (SKM, 2003) 9 3.1.2 EGW Water Supply Demand Strategy (SKM, 2007) 9 3.1.3 Licence Increase Application – Groundwater Licence 9016496 (GHD, 2008) 9 3.2 Regulations and Legislation 9 3.2.1 Surface Water Caps 9 3.2.2 Streamflow Management Plans 10 3.2.3 Groundwater Caps 10 3.2.4 Regional River Health Strategy 11 3.2.5 Heritage Rivers 11 3.2.6 Victorian River Health Strategy 11 4.0 Water Demand 12 4.1 Current Demand 12 4.1.1 Unaccounted Water 12 4.1.2 Non-residential Water Use 13 4.1.3 Summary of Current Demand 13 4.2 Forecast Water Demand 14 4.2.1 Population Projections in the Previous WSDS 14 4.2.2 Census Data 14 4.2.3 Victoria in Future Data 14 4.2.4 East Gippsland Shire Council 14 4.3 Summary of Demand Projections 15 5.0 Demand Management 16 5.1 Measures to Achieve Demand Reduction Targets 16 5.1.1 Current Demand Reduction Initiatives (SKM, 2007) 16 5.1.2 Future Demand Reduction Initiatives (SKM, 2007) 17 6.0 Water Supply 19 6.1 Future Reliability of Surface Water 19 6.1.1 Impact of Climate Change 19 6.1.2 Step Change 19 6.1.3 Impact of Bushfires 20 6.1.4 Forestry 21 6.2 Future Reliability of Groundwater 21 6.2.1 Long Term Reliability and Climate Change 21 6.2.2 Short Term Reliability 22 7.0 Reliability of Supply 23 7.1 Current Reliability of Supply 23 7.1.1 Model Limitations 23 7.1.2 Sensitivity to Groundwater Supply Capacity 24 7.1.3 Setting Restriction Triggers 24 7.2 Future Reliability of Supply 29 C:\Documents and Settings\wallners\My Documents\SharePoint Drafts\01 Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy.docx Revision C - 8 April 2010 Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy AECOM 7.2.1 Summary of Future Reliability of Supply 29 8.0 Alternative Water Supply Options 35 8.1 Surface Water 35 8.1.1 Qualification of Rights on the Betka River 35 8.1.2 Water Trading 35 8.1.3 The Genoa River 35 8.1.4 Brackish Water or Seawater 36 8.2 Groundwater 37 8.2.1 Additional Groundwater Bores 37 8.2.2 Managed Aquifer Recharge 37 8.3 Demand Management 38 8.3.1 Auditing High Water Users 38 8.3.2 Foreshore Caravan Park 38 Alternative Water Supply 38 Changing Water Use Behaviour 39 8.4 Improve System Performance 39 8.4.1 Water Loss Reduction 39 8.4.2 Increase Storage 39 8.4.3 Increase System Capacity 39 8.4.4 Treatment Plant Capacity 40 8.4.5 Optimising System Performance 40 8.5 Recycled Water (from the wastewater treatment plant) 40 8.6 Rainwater 41 8.7 Stormwater 41 8.8 Water Cartage 41 8.9 Options to be Considered Further 42 9.0 Assessment of Supply Options using MCA 43 9.1 Selection of Criteria 43 9.2 Scoring 43 9.3 Weightings 43 9.4 Results 44 9.5 Discussion 46 9.5.1 Water Supply Augmentation 46 9.5.2 Emergency Supply 47 9.6 Expected Scheme Costs 47 10.0 Stakeholder Consultation 49 11.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 50 11.1 Conclusion 50 11.2 Summary of Recommendations 50 Appendix A Review of Groundwater Data A Existing Conditions a-1 Impacts from Climate Change a-1 Reliability of the Aquifer a-2 Appendix B Modelling Methodology and Assumptions B Appendix C Additional Modelling Results C C:\Documents and Settings\wallners\My Documents\SharePoint Drafts\01 Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy.docx Revision C - 8 April 2010 Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy AECOM Executive Summary Water Supply Demand Strategies (WSDS) aim to ensure that an appropriate balance is maintained between urban water supply and demand over the long term planning horizon of 50 years. East Gippsland Water (EGW) finalised their WSDS for all water supply systems during 2007 and is in the process of reviewing the strategies for water supply systems that are experiencing critical shortages. AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (AECOM) has been engaged by EGW to revise their existing WSDS for the Mallacoota water supply system. Objectives EGW has set level of service (LOS) objectives for water supply reliability. The objectives state that: x Moderate restrictions (Stages 1 & 2) are not desired more frequently on average than 1 year in 10; and x More severe restrictions (Stages 3 & 4) are not desired more frequently than 1 year in 15. These LOS objectives have been used as a basis for assessing the adequacy of Mallacoota’s current water supply system for meeting current and future water demand. Reliability of supply With scientific evidence suggesting that climate change is tracking along the driest of scenarios, it is likely that the Betka River will not provide a reliable source of water for Mallacoota into the future. In addition there is significant uncertainty around how groundwater supplies will be impacted by climate change. A number of modelling scenarios were used to determine EGW ability to meet its LOS objectives in Mallacoota. The results showed that the LOS objectives can be met under a high impact scenario (continuation of low flows and high population growth) by the continued reliance on groundwater. Preliminary evidence suggests (refer to Appendix A) that the licensed extraction volume of groundwater of 120 ML per year is within the sustainable yield of the aquifer. However, the data also shows that the groundwater levels have declined over the last 3 years. This observed decline, combined with the likelihood that the recharge rate will be affected by climate change, creates significant uncertainty about the reliability of groundwater in the long term. It is recommended that EGW continue to use groundwater as an integral part of supply to Mallacoota and closely monitor and review groundwater level data. If groundwater does become an unreliable source, EGW should review this WSDS and re-evaluate the options presented in this strategy to secure Mallacoota’s supply. Alternative Supply Options A number of water supply options have been identified for Mallacoota, which can be described as either supply augmentation options or emergency supply options. The following supply augmentation options will be considered further: x Option 1 – Install additional groundwater bores and seek an increase in the groundwater extraction license x Option 2 – Managed Aquifer Recharge x Option 3 - Demand management for high water users x Option 4 – Cover the raw water storage x Option 5 - Supply additional recycled water to the Golf Course x Option 6 – Supply recycled water to other customers x Option 7 – Supply an alternative water source (rainwater/groundwater) to the Caravan Park C:\Documents and Settings\wallners\My Documents\SharePoint Drafts\01 Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy.docx Revision C - 8 April 2010 i Mallacoota Water Supply Demand Strategy AECOM In addition to the supply augmentation options listed above, the following emergency supply options will also be considered in the multi criteria analysis (MCA): x Water carting x Mobile desalination Options that were identified and not considered viable include: x Extracting water from the Genoa River due to the length of pipeline required to connect these sources to the existing supply system and poor reliability during dry periods x Accessing the deep pools on the Betka River should only be considered as a last resort and is unlikely to provide significant additional supply x Additional surface storage would provide minimal additional reliability and would therefore not be cost effective x The cost of retrofitting households to supply rainwater is not expected to be cost effective x The infrastructure required for a stormwater harvesting scheme is not considered to be cost effective x Increasing the capacity of the pumps, pipeline and treatment to the bulk entitlement level is not expected to provide much benefit due to the decreasing reliability of the river.
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