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Science and Stewardship to Protect and Sustain Wilderness Values: Tenth World Wilderness Congress Symposium

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Science and Stewardship to Protect and Sustain Wilderness Values: Tenth World Wilderness Congress Symposium United States Department of Agriculture Science and Stewardship to Protect and Sustain Wilderness Values: Tenth World Wilderness Congress Symposium 4–10 October, 2013 Salamanca, Spain Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Proceedings RMRS-P-74 July 2015 In: Watson, Alan; Carver, Stephen; Křenová, Zdenka; McBride, Brooke, comps. 2015. Science and stew- ardship to protect and sustain wilderness values: Tenth World Wilderness Congress symposium; 2013, 4-10 October, Salamanca, Spain. Proceedings RMRS-P-74. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 208 p. Abstract The Tenth World Wilderness Congress (WILD10) met in Salamanca, Spain in 2013. The symposium on sci- ence and stewardship to protect and sustain wilderness values was the largest of multiple symposia held in conjunction with the Congress. This symposium was organized and sponsored by the Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, the Wildland Research Institute of the University of Leeds, CzechGlobe—Global Change Research Centre, and the WILD Foundation. The papers contained in these proceedings were generated at this symposium, but not all authors submitted papers for consideration for inclusion in these proceedings. They have been organized into four major sections: (1) Europe: Intervention and Nonintervention to Meet Protection Goals, (2) Australia and Antarctica: Geography of Place and Spirit in The Big Wild, (3) Africa and North America: Linkages Across Boundaries to Protect Nature, and (4) Old World and New World: The Relationships Between Wilderness, Human Health and Culture. Included are papers that address wildland issues on all continents, but wilderness designation, protection and restoration processes and challenges vary tremendously from North America to Europe and from Antarctica to Africa, thus sections are defined by geography and topic. Keywords: wilderness, rewilding, restoration, private lands, biodiversity, conservation, protected areas, eco- nomics, community involvement, policy, stewardship, education, spiritual values Papers in this proceedings were not edited. Authors are responsible for content and accuracy. Preface _________________________________________________________ The 10th World Wilderness Congress (10th Congreso Mundial de Tierras Silvestres) convened in Salamanca, España (Spain) in 2013 with an inspiring agenda. Over the seven days of WILD10, delegates from all over the world gathered to share information and learn from each other about many important conservation issues requiring international cooperation. A huge topic in Europe currently (and the primary reason for WILD10 meeting in Spain) is “rewilding.” While the general model being followed in experimental fashion is based on rewilding of abandoned farmlands, there is much debate as to the best way to restore or re-envision “natural” landscapes in Europe. Some also term the wilderness movement in Europe “reimporting the wilderness concept,” acknowledging that the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa land use and conservation policies were heavily influenced by Europeans who settled there. And now it is time to rewild Europe by the Europeans by protecting existing wild places. The rest of the world is watching as Europeans explore the ethics, the practicality, the science and the future of restoration and beyond. The University of Salamanca and the city of Salamanca were great locations for this Congress. While this was the first time this Congress met in Spain, it was not the first time in Europe. The first meeting was in South Africa in 1977, followed by meetings in Australia (1980), Scotland (1983), the United States of America (Colorado) in 1987, Norway (1993), India (1998), again in South Africa in 2001, again in the United States of America (Alaska) in 2005, and in Mexico in 2009. The papers included in these proceedings do not represent all of the oral and poster presentations of the Symposium on Science and Stewardship to Protect and Sustain Wilderness Values. It has been the tradi- tion, however, to gather together many of those papers worthy of publication and compile them as an at least partial record of what transpired during these technical sessions. Other papers from the Symposium have been published in other outlets, as well. Every paper in these proceedings received peer review and editing by at least two of the compilers. The Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Insti- tute, the Wildland Research Institute of the Uni- versity of Leeds, CzechGlobe—Global Change Research Centre—Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, and the USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station are proud to cooperate in compiling, publishing and dis- tributing this publication. The WILD Foundation exhibited leadership and patience in coordinat- ing facilities, schedules, and supporting many Congress delegates to attend and present in this Symposium. We thank the Rocky Mountain Research Station Publishing Services Staff for yet another outstanding job of coordinating publication and distribution of these proceedings. Primary funding for printing and recording this publication came from the USDA Forest Service Office of International Programs. The Compilers, September 2014 Contents Section 1—Europe: Intervention and Nonintervention to Meet Protection Goals ........................................................................................ 3 Wildlife Corridors Based on the Spatial Modeling of the Human Pressure: A Portuguese Case Study .............................................................................................................5 Lara Nunes, Ana Luisa Gomes, and Alexandra Fonseca Rewilding in Spain: Where is it Possible and Why Is it Interesting? An Analysis From the Point of View of a Protected Area Manager.........................................15 Jordi Palau The Socio-Political Conceptualization of Serengeti Landscapes in Europe: The Case of ‘Western Iberia’ .......................................................................................................21 Arjaan Pellis, Martijn Felder, and Rene van der Duim Educating the Next Generation of Nature Entrepreneurs ............................................................29 Judith C. Jobse, Loes Witteveen, Judith Santegoets, and Daan van der Linde Green Belt Europe—Borders Separate, Nature Unites ................................................................35 Uwe Friedel Spruce Bark Beetle in Šumava NP: a Precedent Case of EU Wilderness Protection, the Role of NGOs and the Public in Wilderness Protection ....................................................42 Jaromír Bláha and Vojtěch Kotecký Operationalization of the Wilderness targets of the German NSBD ...........................................55 Albert Reif Access to Nature in Lithuania: Limits, Perceptions and Design Issues ....................................58 Aida Macerinskiene Section 2—Australia and Antarctica: Geography of Place and Spirit in The Big Wild ...................................................................................................... 65 The Bundian Way: Mapping With Stories......................................................................................67 John Blay What’s Working, What’s Not: The Monitoring and Reporting System for Tasmania’s National Parks and Reserves .................................................................................77 Glenys Jones Wilderness Management Within an Australian Interstate Context ............................................91 Franz Peters Wilderness Quality Mapping – The Australian Experiences .....................................................100 Nick Sawyer Direct and Mediated Experiences of Wilderness Spirituality: Implications for Wilderness Managers and Advocates .....................................................................................109 Peter Ashley, Roger Kaye, and Tina Tin A Big Blank White Canvas? Mapping and Modelling Human Impact in Antarctica ................116 Steve Carver and Tina Tin Public Values of the Antarctic Wilderness: A Comparison of University Students in Spain and the United States .....................................................................................................122 John Peden, Tina Tin, Javier Benayas, Luis Pertierra, Pablo Tejedo, Jessica O’Reilly, Kees Bastmeijer, and Pat Maher Section 3—Africa and North America: Linkages Across Boundaries to Protect Nature ........................................................................ 127 Evaluating Social-Ecological Aspects of Buffer Zones at the Borders of Etosha National Park, Namibia .................................................................................................129 Lelani M. Mannetti, Ulrich Zeller, and Karen J. Esler Using Biodiversity Stewardship as a Means to Secure the Natural Wild Values on Communal Land in South Africa ............................................................................133 Kevin McCann, Roelie Kloppers, and Andrew Venter Camdeboo-Mountain Zebra National Park Corridor: Opportunities for Conservation and Socio-economic Development ..................................................................141 Matthew Norval Conservation Easements in the Adirondack Park of New York State ......................................151 Chad P. Dawson, Steven Bick, Peter D’Luhosch, Matthew Nowak, and Diane Kuehn Protecting Public Values on Private Lands in the State of Maine, USA ...................................158 Tom Rumpf Section 4—Old
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