Society Encounters Perestroika EDITORIAL APS Signs Bilateral Exchange Agreement “Hell Yes, It’s a Battle.” The American Physiological Society and The agreement was signed by Franklyn My first duty as president of your Society the Pavlov All-Union Physiological Society Knox and Martin Frank less than six hours was to outline the goals for my term of have signed an accord that opens the way after the end of the Moscow Summit. The office, one of which is to establish for APS for the first nongovernmental, bilateral ex- agreement to share information and data is and its members a proactive-rather than change agreement between the two coun- in keeping with the spirit of cooperation reactive-posture in confronting antivivi- tries. The five-year agreement, which be- and accord urged by President Reagan. sectionists and their challenges to animal comes effective in November, enables the “President Reagan mentioned in his research. two nations for the first time to exchange summit visit in Moscow the need for stu- The goals were described in the June biomedical scientists and share informa- dent and scientific exchanges between the issue of The Physiologist, the same issue tion and medical research data through two countries,” Knox stated. According to that published a letter from Cheryl Scott of nongovernmental channels. Knox, “Our agreement is timely and in Temple University, who said that a major Under the agreement, each of the two keeping with that spirit.” aim of the antivivisection movement is to societies will annually sponsor as many as The agreement was developed as a re- ensure that animals are not “violated or four exchange physiologists who will visit, sult of the visits of John West and Orr tortured” and who defended the intel- conduct scientific investigations, lecture at Reynolds to the Soviet Union in 1985 (The lect of the antivivisectionists by stating that research institutions, and participate in na- Physiologist,vol. 28, p. 463-464, 1985). “ . many are highly educated and better tional scientific meetings. The agreement The resulting desire to “strengthen links informed than the scientific community.” also provided for the sponsorship of joint between the two physiological societies” Her defense of antivivisectionists is symposia for the discussion of biomedical was followed by the participation of Soviet based, by and large, on scientific ignorance research and for the exchange of publica- physiologists in each of the subsequent and nonscientific statements and, there- tions, journals, and periodicals. Spring Meetings. fore, is not arguable on an intellectual ba- (Continued onp. 143) sis. Moreover, scientists attracted to the antivivisection movement usually lack co- gent scientific credentials when compared with the curriculum vitae of scientists who do animal research. Many of Scott’s points can be countered easily, but I will not argue all of them here. One point I cannot permit to go unan- swered, however, is her presentation of a traditional antivivisectionist scenario wherein someone saw an animal abused, no one was available to be contacted, no one knew who was the responsible inves- tigator, etc. Such a scenario is not to be found in animal research in the United States, as safeguards have been established at both the national and local levels. The nation Signers of the bilateral exchange agreement (left to right). Alexei Ivanitsky,scientific secretary of Pavlov’sAll- has adopted strict guidelines that must be Union Physiological Society;Oleg Gazenko, societypresident; Franklyn Knox, APSpast president; Martin Frank, (Continued onp. 134) APSexecutive director.

Vol. 31, No. 5, 1988 133 EDITORIAL velop proactive initiatives that will involve CONTENTS (Cm tin ued from p, 133) active participation by our membership. To adhered to by all investigators using re- accomplish this the Society’s leadership EDITORLAL search animals, and all experimental pro- has taken these steps: Hell Yes, It’s a Battle. A. E. Taylor 133 tocols involving animals are evaluated and 1, The Committee on Governmental Re- Society Encounters perestroika. monitored by the institution’s animal care lations Initiative Programs (GRIP, as in “to M. Frank 133 and use committee. get a grip on”) was formed to evaluate APS Presidents Visit with South The idea of animal differences being a issues that would restrict the use of labo- American Physiologists. H. V. scientific problem, as Scott presented in ratory animals and to develop strategies to Sparks, Jr. 135 her letter, is an example of scientific ig- counter “animal activists” battling-hell norance, Many breakthroughs and scien- yes, it’s a battle and the line has been Teaching in China. R. Thies 136 tific advances are the direct result of infor- drawn-to abolish all animal research. The APS NEWS mation gained from different animal spe- committee’s chairman is David J. Ramsay. APS/FASEB ‘89 Spring Meeting cies. I would urge all antivivisectionists to The committee already has taken an ac- Symposia 137 simply learn how experiments conducted tive role in alerting the membership of the Elections to the NAS and IOM 138 on crayfish, squid axons, frog skins, Net- Society’s concerns about the Pet Protection Act proposed by the Congress and is con- Committee Report durus nephrons, etc., were so important to 138 our understanding of biological pluses, es- tinuing the APS efforts to make break-ins, Section Reports 138 pecially in understanding the human nerv- thefts, and vandalism at federally funded Honorary Membership Call for ous system and some renal functions. The research institutions a federal offense. The Nominations 140 very fact that these species exist provides committee also will conduct a survey of Procter & Gamble Awards Call for a window for specific research efforts, No- the membership to identify individuals Nominations 140 bel prizes were awarded for these non- who could be key contacts in the Society’s NXDDK Travel Fellowships for primate systems, governmental relations programs, Minority Physiologists 141 The suggestion that computer modeling The GRIP Committee also has three News From Senior Physiologists 141 can replace animal experimentation is a subcommittees undertaking special proj- P@siolog3: An Inside View 142 worn out, nonscientific argument similar ects. The tasks of the subcommittees are to the notion that isolated cells can replace l to identify APS members’ concerns PUBLIC AFFAIRS animal experimentation. A case in point is about AAALAC (American Association for PETA Had a Busy Summer; Cancer recent cell research that clearly shows that the Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Board Urges Halt to Restrictive cells differentiate in culture and are not Care) regulations and procedures and de- Animal Law5 147 the same as the cells that were initially velop recommendations to be presented Massachusetts First to Prohibit isolated. to AAALAC (Arthur C. Guyton, chairman); 148 Theft of Lab Property, Animals This is not to imply, however, that re- l to develop a source book/newsletter Senate Passes Pet Theft Bill. search on cells is not valuable research but that would include advice for APS mem- W. M. Samuels 143 is an acknowledgement that cell research bers on how to develop local coalitions, MEDICAL SCHOOL REPORT 149 is only one of several appropriate research where materials such as videotapes, pam- techniques, including the use of animal phlets, etc., may be obtained, roster of POSITIONS AVAILABLE 145 models, needed to obtain answers to bio- knowledgeable speakers, and background OPINION 146 logical questions. information on current issues (Richard L, BOOKS RECEIVED 149 How does the American Physiological Malvin, chairman); Society intend to challenge the scientific l to conduct the day before the Spring PEOPLE AND PL4CES 150 ignorance and nonscientific arguments of Meeting a workshop on the affect of state ANNOUNCEMENTS 151 the antivivisectionists? One way is to de- sunshine laws on institutional animal care committees (Fred W. Zechman, chair- The Physiologist Publications Committee: Cbair’maafz,Paul C. John- man). Publishedbimonthly and son; Members, FrancoisAbboud, John S. Cook, Melvin 2. The Public Affairs Executive Commit- distributedby J. Fregly, and Stephen H. White. Publications Man- tee has initiated a series of projects that ager, Brenda B. Rauner; Editorial Stafi Laura North will 2) establish a network of nonscientific TheAmerican Physiological Society and Lorraine Tucker. 9650 RockvillePike Subscriptions: Distributed to members as part of organizations (farmers, stockmen, etc.) Bethesda,Maryland 20814 their membership; nonmembers and institutions, concerned with animal issues; 2) develop XSSN0031-9376 $25.00per yearin the United States;elsewhere $35.00. relationships with science fairs wherein Single copies and back issues when available, $5.00 APS can be involved as cosponsor for spe- MartinFrank, Editor andExecutive Director each; single copies and back issues of Fall Abstracts cial programs, such as essaycontests; and issue when available, $20.00. In 1988 subscribers to Aubrey E. Taylor, Presidela t The P@iologist will receive it and the abstractsof the 3) create long-term programs that can be Harvey V. Sparks, Jr., Past President Fall.Meeting of the American fhysiological Society. used to educate and inform the public, Vernon S. Bishop, President-Elect The American Physiological Society assumesno re- including elementary and high school sponsibility for the statementsand opinions advanced teachers, about the need to use laboratory by contributors to The Physiologist. Deadline for submission of material for publica- animals, Malvin also is chairman of this Beverly Bishop, Shu Chien, Allen W. Cowley, Jr., committee. Gerhard H. Giebisch, Norman C. Staub, and Peter tion: Dec. 5, Februaryissue; Feb. 5, April issue;April Il. Wagner 5, June issue;June 5, August issue; Aug. 5, October 3. The Animal Care and Experimenta- issue; Oct. 5, December issue. If you change your tion Committee, also headed by Ramsay, address or telephone number, please notify the centra1 is drafting proposed legislation that would Ex Officio office as suon as possible. Carl V. Gisolfi, Francis J, Haddy, Paul C. Johnson, Headquarters phone: (301) 530-7164. TELEFAX: amend the Animal Welfare Act to include R. Blake Reeves, and W. S, Spielman (301) 571-1844. (Co?ztirzued 011p, 146)

134 THE PHYSIOLOGIST APS Presidents Visit With South American Physiologists

I began my trip with a visit to Santiago, Chile, where I was the guest of Renato Albertini, the President, and Ramon Rosas, the Secretary of the Latin American Asso- ciation for the Physiological Sciences. I was also the guest of Elisa Murasic, who is the current President of the Chilean Soci- ety of the Physiological Sciences. Albertini is also President of the Biological Society of Chile. During my visit to Santiago I complied with a request from Albertini and Rosas to give a lecture on “Is Physiology in Crisis?” I spent a majority of my time visiting the laboratories of physiologists in Santiago. Physiologists are housed in three depart- ments: the Department of Physiological Sciences at the Catholic University of Chile, and the Departments of Physiology and Biophysics in the Faculty of Medicine, Representattvesof the Assoctanon Latino Americana de CiencrasFtstologrcas. Third rou! (left to right). E. Marusic and in the Faculty of Sciences at the Uni- (Chili), H. Sparks (USA); A. Taylor (USA), E. Bustoj Obergon (Chili); R. Rolas, permanent secretaryof ALACF versity of Chile. In general, the physical (Chrli), A. Montero (Colombia); J M. Anias (Cuba). Second row: C. Libertun, president (Argentina); M. Bravo facilities are somewhat better at the Cath- (Cuba); E. P. Zumino (Argentina); M. Marquez (Brazil); R.Albertini, past president (Chili); Corredor (Colombia); C. R. Farge (Peru); V. Pacheco (Bohvra); M. Penna (Chili). Fitst row’ G Malnic (Brazil); Munoz (Mexico); M. olic University. The medical library at the Prsarev(Argentma); E. de1 Castillo, treasurer (Argentina), R.Vellun (Uruguay); R.Calandra, secretary(Argentina). Catholic University is the best in Chile. The Catholic University has also just opened a primate facility that is contiguous entire research program without much in logical Society. If this were done, perhaps to the Department of Physiological Sci- put from North American laboratories. In we could arrange certain benefits of the ences Despite the somewhat better facili- summary, my main impression of the phys. American Physiological Society without ties at the Catholic University, it is possible iological sciences in Chile was that there cost or at very low cost to Chilean physiol- to make a number of generalizations about are a number of extremely active and mod- ogists. physiology in Santiago. In all three depart- ern physiologists who are doing work of The Chilean physiologists are very wor- ments I found extremely enthusiastic and an international class. ried about the accessto physiological jour- productive scientists. The areas of research There are approximately 250 physiolo- nals. The budgets of the university libraries that I encountered are primarily related to gists in Chile, of which 110 are members are being cut every year. They were inter- endocrinology and cardiovascular-renal of their Physiological Society. To become ested in the possibility that they would be sciences, although other areas were rep- a member of the Society, a candidate must able to obtain the American Journal of resented as well. present a paper that is judged acceptable Physiolouand the Journal ofApplied Pbys- I was impressed with the fundamental by the membership. iology at reduced rates. For example, they nature of much of the work that was pre- Despite the quality and productivity of would be very willing to pay the postage sented to me. For example, the membrane Chilean physiology, we may be able to be if we would supply these two journals to biophysics group at the University of Chile of help. First, although the Chilean phys- them. Although they currently take these is using patch-clamp techniques to study iologists are very enthusiastic about the journals in their main library, the possibil- behavior of single channels in cultured opening of the American Physiological So- ity of receiving these at a reduced rate cardiac myocytes. The young investigator ciety membership to all qualified physiol- would open up the opportunity to sub- who won the prestigious Houssay Award ogists in the Americas, this has little prac- scribe to other physiological journals. at the Congress Association of the Latin tical significance for them. This is because Although many of the Chilean physiol- American Physiological Sciences is study- the membership fee is far out of reach for ogists have connections that they develop ing the expression of angiotensin II recep- the average physiologist. They pointed out during postdoctoral training in the United tors in xenopus oocytes following microin- that their membership in their own society States, they like the idea of having a sister jection of messenger RNA. Many of the costs $12 a year. Many physiologists in department very much. This would consist investigators in these three departments Chile are making ‘approximately $500 a of a more or less formal linkage between have long-term ties with investigators in month and cannot simply afford the mem- a department in the United States and the the United States. The membrane biophys- bership fee we charge. They raised the department in Chile. They felt that this ics group has a joint NIH grant with the question of whether it would be possible might facilitate the exchange of personnel Physiology Department at UCLA. Others to lower the membership fee for those and foster joint research programs. They regularly commute between departments individuals living in developing countries. have one example of this in their mem- in the United States and Chile to conduct We also discussed the possibility that an brane biophysics group, and they are eager their research. In contrast, other investi- affiliation could be developed between the to explore other possible linkages. We gators seem to be able to accomplish their Chilean Society and the American Physio- (Contimed on p 144)

\‘<)I. 31, No. 5, 1988 135 Teaching in China

Roger Thies

Uniuersitv ..f ofJ Okluhoma Collepe” ofcl Medicine I am spending my sabbatical year from physics programs. There are 400 students but there are also opportunities for re- the University of Oklahoma College of in each class here, which is typical of search. I have consulted with faculty on Medicine in the People’s Republic of Chinese medical colleges (Cooper and recording readiness potentials from pa- China. I am a visiting professor at Hunan Lin,J, Med. Ed. 62: 287,1987). The medical tients with a computer averager and on Medical University in Changsha, Hunan course generally takes 5-6 years, with bi- electrophysiological recording from single Province+ I wanted to teach in China to ology, chemistry, physics, and advanced cardiac muscle fibers. Medical universities stretch my teaching abilities and to expe- mathematics in the first year, “preclinical” in China usually have some specialized rience another culture. It has been a satis- sciences for 2 years, clinical courses for 1 research departments in addition to the fying experience and one that I recom- year and then ward experience (intern- standard basic science departments. The mend to other teachers in basic science ship) for 1-2 years. Since students graduate research faculty do little teaching of med- departments. My wife has taught oral Eng- from high school (“upper middle school”) ical students, although they often have lish, with occasional help from our teenage at age 19 or less, they become physicians graduate programs. There are many world- daughter. The Chinese have welcomed us by age 23-25. This concerns the govern- recognized scientists making contribu- enthusiastically and have appreciated our ment, which is considering extending the tions to understanding both basic science contribution as foreign teachers. period of training, especially since only and clinical situations. The institutes of the I began corresponding with the presi- 10% of students do postgraduate speciali- Chinese Academy of Sciences also encour- dent of the university and the chair of the zation, Most basic science faculty are med- age foreign visitors to spend a few months physiology department a year before my ical graduates, and many have master’s de- at a tim?, especially the Institute of Physi- sabbatical began. Even then, the Ministry grees in their discipline. ology and the Brain Research Institute in of Health did not finally approve some The physiology course where I am Shanghai. Animals are readily available, local support for my visit until I arrived in teaching is one N-week semester with six and the problem of animal rights groups Beijing on my way here. Many American one-hour lectures and one four-hour labo- does not exist in China. The laboratories physicians spend up to a month teaching ratory per week. I have chosen to give all are well-equipped with instruments pro- clinical subjects in Chinese medical col- the lectures and assist in the laboratory duced in China or imported from Europe, leges, but few basic scientists have done teaching, which is the responsibility of two Japan, and the United States, so. As far as I know, I am the first Westerner teaching assistants (one a graduate of the Living in China has required resource- to spend a year teaching Chinese medical English track). It is exciting to teach stu- fulness. Short-term visitors stay in the col- students in almost 40 years. dent laboratories after a hiatus of 15 years, lege guest house and eat in a dining room, I am able to teach physiology in English All my students have a Chinese textbook For us the university provided a standard without translation to a special group of (with some authors from this faculty) and professor’s walk-up apartment, since all students. English is the primary second an American textbook, They expected di- faculty and staff live in university housing. language in China. All high school stu- dactic lectures, but they have learned to We have three bedrooms (the small one dents learn some English, and many of the respond to questions, to ask questions, and we use as an office) and front and back older faculty are skilled in English, having to discuss concepts. Having only one balconies. They bought us a washing ma- visited the United States for extended pe- teacher makes this easier, They will be chine, refrigerator, two-burner propane riods of time. The 34 students that I teach writing a short term paper, which they have stove, small electric hot water heater for have spent an extra year between high never done, to discover that physiology is showers, and air conditioner in one bed- school and medical school learning Eng- more than what is written in textbooks. room (for humid summer heat), which lish from recent Yale graduates, so their This is also good preparation for becoming also provides some electric radiant heat. English is excellent. Hunan Medical Uni- graduate students. Most of these brighter There is no central heating in homes or versity was founded in cooperation with students will study for Master’s and Ph.D. classrooms south of the Yangtze River, so the Yale-in-China Association, and Yale degrees in the basic sciences. we have learned to wear many layers of University is still involved in exchange pro- Opportunities to study for a Ph.D. in clothing this winter. Living is a little like a grams. This “English track” group of stu- basic sciences are still very limited in one-year camping trip, We buy fresh food dents take all their science courses in Eng- China; Ph.D.s among older faculty are al- twice a week in the local farmers’ street lish but normally from Chinese teachers, most nonexistent, Only the top few medi- market and cook mainly Chinese style. There are six other medical colleges in cal universities and Institutes of the About once a week we prepare Western China that also have such English track Chinese Academy of Sciences have Ph.D. food. This year has been a wonderful op- classes,namely Beijing Medical University, programs. This university graduated their portunity to learn taijiqzkan and other mar- Shanghai Medical University, Xian Medical first Ph.D. last year, and it was in physiol- tial arts. We have also traveled extensively, University, Sun Yat-Sen University of Med- ogy. of the first group of English-track often seeing aspects of China that are not ical Sciences in Guangzhour, West China students graduating from medical school available to tourists, University of Medical Sciences in last year, only one entered postgraduate If you want to experience another cul- Chengdu, and China Medical University in training in clinical medicine. The rest ture and contribute to international under- Shenyang. In addition, Peking Union Med- chose basic science departments. One of standing, you should consider teaching in ical College in Beijing enrolls 30 students the purposes of my sabbatical is to evaluate China. A stay of a few months or one se- per year for a six-year curriculum entirely and recruit outstanding graduates to study mester would be sufficient, Please write to in English. for Ph.D.s at The University of Oklahoma me for further information, Medical schools attract the better stu- or other universities. dents, exceeded only by engineering and My goal in coming here was to teach,

136 THE PHYSIOLOGIST Sexual Dimorphism in Regulation of K. M. Sanders, and S. K. Sarna, Partici- Blood Pressure and Water and Electro- pants AJ?S NEWS lyte Homeostasis. L. Share, Organizer Signal Transduction in Renal Cells: W. S. Guest Society Symposia APS/FASEB ‘89 Spring Spielman, Organizer Cellular and Molecular Basis for the Influ- Meeting Symposia Functions of the Purine Nucleotide Cycle ence of Nutrition on Aging and Longev- in Skeletal Muscle. R. L. Terjung, Organ- ity. R. A. Good (SEBM), Organizer izer Myocardial Function in Shock and Sepsis. Development and Evaluation of Chemi- F. L. Abel, Organizer Biologic Responses to Prolonged Infu- cally Modified Hemoglobins as Blood Congestive Heart Failure: Molecular Mech- sions of Atria1 Natriuretic Factor. N. C. Substitutes. H. W. Kim (BMES), Organ- anisms and the Rationale for Inotropic Trippodo, Organizer izer Intervention. N. R. Alpert, Organizer Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Growth Fractal Analysis of Bio-Medical Systems. J. G Proteins and Ionic Channels. A. M. and Contractile Activity in Vascular E. McNamee (BMES), Organizer Smooth Muscle. R. C. Webb, Organizer Brown, Organizer Modern Analysis of Complex Systems, II. The Cardiac Gap Junction: Protein to Pa- Tutorial R. Sclabassi (BMES), Organizer thologies. M. M. Burt, Organizer Using the Microcomputer in the Class- “Mechanisms Of Bronchial Circulation in Lung Edema. J. room. H. I. Modell, Organizer Adaptation To Butler, Organizer The Environment” Function and Modulation of Glutamate Debates Thematic Symposia Receptors. E. Costa, Organizer Accommodation of Increased Pulmonary Central Nervous Mechanisms of Host De- Genetic Determination of Ingestion. D. Blood Flow: Recruitment versus Disten- fense Responses. C. M. Blatteis, Organ- Denton, Organizer sion? A. E. Taylor, Moderator. S. Per- izer mutt, Recruitment; J. B. West, Disten- Regulation and Identification of Transport- sion The Uptake, Synthesis, and Physiological ers Involved in Epithelial Na and Cl Function of Organic Osmolytes in Bio- Absorption. M. Donowitz, Organizer Is Myocardial Hypoxia Necessary for Cor- logical Systems. T. J. Bradley, Organizer onary Blood Flow Regulation? R. Ols- Receptor Mechanism in the Development son, Moderator Factors Determining VOzmaxin Humans. P. of Respiratory Control. J. P. Farber, Or- Cerretelli, Organizer ganizer Is Nitric Oxide EDRF? H. Kontos, Moder- ator Adaptations to Asphyxia-Lessons From Human Colonic Fermentation of Dietary Diving Animals. R. Elsner and S.-K. Carbohydrate: Physiological, Nutritional ANF: Its Role in Body Fluid Homeostasis. Hong, Organizer and Clinical Implications. C. L. Kien, G. F. DiBona, Moderator. E. Blaine, Pro; Organizer K. Goetz, Con Response and Adaptation to Hypoxia: Or- gan to Organelle. S. Lahiri, Organizer Physiological Mechanisms of Hypertonic The Morass of Terminology in Gastrointes- Saline Resuscitation. G. C. Kramer, Or- tinal Motility and Electrical Activity. R. Frontiers in Environmental Physiology. ganizer Summers, Moderator. N. W. Weisbrodt, E.R. Nadel, Organizer Endothelial Barrier Function. A. B. Malik, Organizer People and Ideas in Endocrinology. S. M. McCann, Organizer Regulation of Synthesis of Membrane Transporters. A. McDonough, Organizer The Proximal Tubule Interactions with the Renin-Angiotensin System. L. G. Navar, Organizer Membrane Mechanisms of Ischemic Brain Damage. E. M. Nemoto, Organizer The Influence of Temperature on Muscle and Locomotory Performance. L. C. Rome, Organizer Integrative Factors in Gut Function. S. K. Sarna, Organizer Recent Advances in the Physiology of the Vascular Endothelium. S. C. Silverstein, Organizer

Vol 31,No. 5, 1988 that would be designed to determine the names, addresses, areas of interest, availa- Eleven APS Members Elected to National Academy bility, and external grant funding for of Sciences, Institute of Medicine women physiologists who are currently in- terested in seeking employment immedi- ately or in the future. The Committee has made a conscien- tious effort to deal with the issues pertain- ing to the education, employment and professional opportunities for women physiologists, and will continue to do so in the future. Helen J. Cooke, Chairperson

Section Reports

cARD10vAScuLAR

The Annual Dinner and Business Meet- ing was held on Wednesday evening May 4, 1988, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Section Committee Membership Norman Alpert will be the new Section Chairman and Douglas Griggs will be the new Treasurer. The Section also selected by mail ballot a new Section Secretary and new Nominating Committee member. Al- lyn Mark was elected Secretary and James B. Bassingthwaighte was elected to the ! Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee is now composed of Hermes Committee Report . Laura Hall, Uniformed Services Uni- Kontos (1989), Harris Granger (1990)) and versity; James Bassingthwaighte (1991)) replaces . Christopher Hardin, University of Cin- Carl Rothe (1988). Norman Alpert will WOMEN IN PHYSIOLOGY cinnati; serve as our Section Advisory Committee . Yu Ru Kou, University of Kentucky; (SAC) representative replacing Loring The Women in Physiology Committee . Ingrid K. Krampetz, University of Man- Rowell. convened February 2,1988, by phone con- itoba; James Cove11and Albert Shepherd will ference to discuss the ranking and selec- . Fred S. Lamb, University of Michigan; continue to serve as Chairman of Cardiac tion of abstractsfor the Caroline turn Suden l David Mattson, Medical College of Mechanics and Splanchnic Circulation sub- Professional Opportunity Award and for Wisconsin; sections, respectively. the Procter and Gamble Graduate Student . David Osborne, East Carolina Univer- Travel Awards, There was a total of 84 sity; Section Membership abstracts submitted. The Caroline turn Su- l Anthony Pacitti, University of Florida; The Cardiovascular Section is open to den Awardswere made to the following: l Nayel Moh’d Rawashdeh, Bowman any APS member. The current regular . Hyung-Mee Han, Columbia Univer- Gray; membership of the Cardiovascular Section sity; . Hal Skopicki, The Chicago Medical is 876. This represents approximately 18% . Jeffrey W. Keil, University of Texas, School; of the total APS affiliated members. San Antonio; . Holly Van Remmen, University of Fellows are those members of the Car- . Douglas Light, Dartmouth Medical Texas, San Antonio; diovascular Section who have made contri-

School; l Allison Wilson, University of Illinois; butions to our understanding of Cardiovas-

l l Kenneth Massey, University of Texas, . Jamie Young, University of Louisville; cular Physiology. The current number of Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; . Menggia Zhao, Albert Einstein. Fellows is 255, which is approximately Karen McGillivray, University of North The Committee convened again in May 30% of the Cardiovascular Section regular Caiolina, Chapel Hill; at the FASEB Meetings held in Las Vegas. membership. Nominations for new fellows . Mark Siskind, Boston City Hospital. During the year, the Committee had com- must be made by at least two existing The following students were chosen for piled a list of women scientists that might Fellows, with supporting letters sent to Proctor and Gamble Travel Awards: be available for employment. The intent Steering Committee members. Nomina-

l l Brian Cos, University of Iowa; was to provide a mailing list for potential tions are then voted on by the Steering

l l William Durante, University of To- employers who would send out notices of Committee. In 1988, the following mem- ronto; job descriptions. The Committee members bers were elected to fellowship: Thomas . Nicholas Gantenberg, University of Al- felt that another list should be compiled Adair, Ranesk Bhalla, Naranyin Dhalla, abama; this year by sending out a questionnaire David Harrison, Herbert Hechtman, Don-

138 THE PHYSIOLOGIST ald Lund, Eugene Morkin, George Ordway, organize a symposia. All members are sons, their terms should be staggered to Gary Owens, and Ingrid Sarelius. urged to submit ideas, suggestions and ensure continuity on the Council. The call ideas concerning programming as well as for nominations will go out in the July Awards to participate in organizing symposia. newsletter, The Cardiovascular Section presents two awards. The Lamport Award is pre- Section Advisory Committee Elections sented to an outstanding young investiga- Each year, the Section Advisory Com- Council agreed to schedule an election in the fall-November or December 1988. tor (less than 36 years of age) who has mittee (SAC) solicits information as to the made contributions to Cardiovascular status of the Section, This will include Newly elected officers would not take of- Physiology. The Lamport Awardee is se- areas such as programming, elections, fice until July, but they would be present lected by the Wigger’s Awardee of the pre- budget, problems, etc. The SAC also urges at the March business meeting to become vious year. Aubrey Taylor selected Joey that the Sections provide names to the familiar with the issues. Granger, Department of Physiology, East- Committee on Committee’s for various Cocktail Hour ern Virginia University as the 1988 Lamport committee seats. This is important and all About 75 members attended the cocktail Awardee. At rhe Cardiovascular Dinner members are urged to submit names to the hour/business meeting, The turnout and Joey Granger was presented with a certifi- Steering Committee. enthusiasm was remarkably better than cate and a check for $200 from the Cardi- past years. The cocktail hour format seems ovascular Section, Conclusion to be more acceptable than the dinner. Jim The Carl J, Wigger’s Award is presented The Steering Committee often becomes Jefferson briefed members (during the in honor of the founder of the Section, frustrated in attempting to meet the various cocktail hour) about the section’s activities Each year at the Cardiovascular Dinner deadlines, As a result of Section govern- and reminded members to contribute Banquet, the award is presented to an out- ance, individual sections now have greater themes for symposia. Jefferson also com- standing Cardiovascular Physiologist in responsibilities. This is especially true mented on submissions to the journal. recognition of continued contributions to with respect to the communication with Amerfcah Journal of Physiology:Endocri- Cardiovascular Physiology. The award for the membership concerning various as- nology and Metabolism. 1988 was presented to Francois Abboud, pects of programming. The Steering Com- Chairman of Medicine, University of Iowa mittee feels very strongly that in order to Proposals for Symposia Medical School, Iowa City, Iowa. Abboud meet these responsibilities and to maintain Council discussed mechanisms to iden- was presented a bronze plaque and pre- the standards set by the SAC, APS must tify new and important topics for symposia. sented a lecture entitled “Neural Control provide more personnel support in the Integrate topics with other APS sections of the Circulation: An Integrated View management of the activities of the Sec- whose interests can be served simultane- from Neurons to Humans.” tion. The SAC has together with Linda ously. Calls for symposia will continue to Buckler taken steps to remedy this prob- go out in the Section’s Newsletter. Programming lem, Linda has been extremely helpful in Fiscal Affairs Programming, which is the most impor- the past to the Steering Committee and The fiscal affairs of the Section are as tant activity of the section, has been under will develop a schedule of Section activi- follows: the effective leadership of Jim Downey and ties. The schedule will provide dates at a. Cash on hand in APS office = which various mailings, elections, and pro- Harris G ranger. $1,560 from APS, $1,300 from donations, The Cardiovascular Section participated gram planning must be met. and $112.76 left-over balance. in the theme “Modeling the Cardiovascular Vernon S. Bishop, Chairman b. Anticipated expenses-FASEB System” at the Fall Meeting of the APS in cocktail hour = $125. San Diego, California. This participation included four symposia, a workshop and Council’s Role in APS Leadership Council members discussed the need to tutorial, ENDOCRINOLOGY AND In addition, the APS theme for the nominate candidates for APS Committees. FASEB Meeting was “Ischemic Heart: Dis- METABOLISM Nominations need to be sent to APS before ease,” which was cosponsored with Pa- Dee 1. Jim Jefferson agreed to make these thology. Michael Gimbrone and James The annual business meeting of the En- nominations. Downey coorganized eight symposia, five docrinology and Metabolism Section of the Themes for IUPS Symposia of which had major input from the Cardi- American Physiological Society was held Has any member of Council been con- ovascular Section. in Las Vegas on May 2, 1988. tacted to submit themes for Endo & Metab The 1989 Fall APS Meetings will be held Resignation Symposia at IUPS? Please contact Jim Jef- in Rochester, Minnesota October 15-18. ferson with ideas, The themes will be Imaging and Smooth Jim Jefferson stated that A. Cherrington Muscle. was unable to attend the Las Vegas meet- Newsletter Items As mentioned, programming is the most ing, Jefferson noted that Cherrington Council members are asked to send important function of the Section and the wished to resign from the Section’s Coun- Newsletter items to C, Desjardins. Society. This is a difficult job and our re- cil but will continue to serve until a person cent programming representatives have can be elected to fill this vacancy. Claude Desjardins been effective in improving the program- Call for Nominations Secretary/Treasurer ming in Cardiovascular Physiology. How- Nominees will be needed to replace Jim ever, they are often limited by the lack of Jefferson and Claude Desjardins for Coun- input from members of the Section. Not cil and Sec/Treas, respectively, and a sec- infrequently, members of the Steering ond Council person to replace Dr. Cher- Committee have to solicit individuals to rington. Since we need two Council per-

Vol. 31, No. 5, 1788 139 Honorary Membership Honorary Members Call for Nominations Since the establishment of Honorary Membership in the American Physiological Society, the following distinguished scientists have been elected. The year of their election is The APS Honorary Membership Com- mittee requests nominations for Honorary indicated. Membership in the Society. Since 1904, the E. D. Adriant, Cambridge, UK (1946) M. Ito, Tokyo, Japan (1986) Society has elected 52 honorary members J. Barcroft?, Cambridge, UK (1946) G. Katot, Tokyo, Japan (1965) recognizing their outstanding contribu- E. Braun-Menendezt, Buenos Aires, Ar- B. Katz, London, UK (1985) tions to physiology. At the 1988 Spring gentina (1959) Meeting, the Society elected Setsuro A. Kroght, Copenhagen, Denmark (1946) F. Bremerf, Brussels, Belgium (1950) Y. Kunot, Tokyo, Japan (1959) Ebashi, Erwin Neher, and Ewald Weibel to A. Dastret, Paris, France (1904) J. N. Langley?, Cambridge, UK (1904) honorary membership. P. Dejours, Strasbourg, France (1981) L. Lapiquet, Paris, France (1946) To assist the Committee in the selection D. A. Denton, Melbourne, Australia G. Liljestrandt, Stockholm, Sweden process, APS members are encouraged to (1987) (1950) submit the names of candidates for Hon- S. Ebashi, Myodaiji, Japan (1988) C. Monget, Lima, Peru (1952) orary Membership. According to the By- J. C. Eccles, Canberra, Australia (1952) G. Morruzi, Pisa, Italy (1959) laws, Article III, Section 4, “Distinguished T. W. Engelmannt, Berlin, Germany E. Neher, Munich, FRG (1988) scientists of any country who have contrib- (1904) L. A. Orbelit, Leningrad, USSR (1946) uted to the advance of physiology shall be D. P. Feng, Shanghai, People’s Rep. of eligible for proposal as honorary members I. R. Pavlovt, Russia (1904) China (1983) E. Pfliigert, Bonn, Germany (1907) of the Society.” B. Folkow, Goteborg, Sweden (1982) W. T. Portert, Dover, MA (1948) Nominations for Honorary Membership R. Granit, Stockholm, Sweden (1963) should be adequately documented to dem- F. J. W. Roughtont, Cambridge, UK R. A. Gregory, Liverpool, UK (1981) (1957) onstrate the candidate’s contributions to E. .Gutmant, Prague, Czechoslovakia physiology. Submit nominations to Earl E. Sharpey-Schaefert, UK (1912) (1971) C. Sherringtont, Oxford, UK (1904) Wood, Chairman, Honorary Membership B. Hal&z, Budapest, Hungary (1987) E. ‘I’. A. Teorell, Uppsala, Sweden (1985) Committee, American Physiological Soci- 0. Hammarstent, Uppsala, Sweden K. J. Ullrich, Frankfurt/Main, FRG (1985) ety, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD (1907) H. H. Ussing, Copenhagen, Denmark 20814. W. R. Hesst, Zurich, Switzerland (1950) (1950) A. V. Hill+. London. UK (1946) K. von Frischt, Munich, FRG (1952) A. L. Hodgkin, Cambridge, UK (1952) Sir J. R. Vane, London, UK (1986) F. Hofmeistert, Strassburg, Germany C. von Voitt, Munich, FRG (1970) (1904) H. H. Webert, Heidelberg, Germany B. A. Houssav+, Buenos Aires, Argentina ‘(1959) (1941) " E. R. Weibel, Zurich, Switzerland (1988) A. Hurtadot, Lima, Peru (1959) S. Weidmann, Berne, Switzerland (1987) A. Huxley, London, UK (1981) H. E. Huxley, Cambridge, UK (1981) tDeceased

Procter & Gamble Professional Opportunity Awards Call for Nominations Thanks to a grant from the Procter & Gamble Company, the Society will once again be able to make awards to predoctoral students presenting an abstract at the 1989 FASEB Meeting in New Orleans. The Procter & Gamble Professional Opportunity Awardswill be made to predoctoral students within 12-18 months of completing their Ph.D. degree who are U.S. citizens or hold a Permanent Resident visa. The award provides $500 and complimentary registration for the meeting. Interested students should submit their abstract with an accompanying letter, signed by the sponsor of the abstract, containing:

l certification that the author is a pre-doctoral student and

l the approximate date of degree completion. Awardees will be notified before January 31, 1989. Selection of the awardees will be made by the Sections of the APS. When submitting your abstract for consideration, please indicate (by appropriate number) which APS Section should consider your abstract: 1. Cardiovascular 7. Nervous System Microfilms International. 8. Neural Control and Autonomic Cd toll-free 800-521-3044. Or mail inquiry t 2. Cell and General University Microfilms International. 300 No 3. Comparative Regulation Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI 48106. 4. Endocrinology and Metabolism 9. Renal 5. Environmental, Thermal and 10. Respiratory Exercise 11. Teaching 6. Gastrointestinal 12. Water and Electrolyte Homeostasis FB$

140 THE PHYSIOLOGIST NIDDK Travel Fellowships for Minority Physiologists G. Edgar Folk, Jr., The American Physiological Society has may also be submitted by minority faculty been awarded a grant by the National In- members at the above institutions. stitute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Applications should include informa- Diseases (NIDDK) to provide fellowships tion on for underrepresented (black, Hispanic, 1) academic background and experi- The C.G. Edgar Folk, Jr~, Senior and American Indian) minority students ence, PhysioiogistsPhysioiogtsts Fund has been set up and physiologists to attend the FASEB 2) a written statement of interest in through the generosity of famtlyfamily and Meeting in New Orleans, March 19-23, research in physiology, former graduate students and post- 1989. At the meeting, fellows will be 3) a letter of recommendation from dots to provide modest but helpful hosted, introduced to prominent investi- the applicant’s mentor, assistance to senior physiologists 70 gators, and exposed to a variety of research 4) a list of publications, if available, years or older who no longer have areas. Funds will provide transportation, 5) a statement indicating the ethnic grant funds available to themthem. The‘Ihe meals, lodging, and complimentary regis- minority with which the applicant identi- awards might be used for such pur- tration. The specific intent of this award is fies himself/herself, and poses as attendmgattending an APS meeting to increase participation of pre- and post- 6) an estimate of required travel and to present a paper, engaging in a doctoral minority students in the physio- per diem expenses. series of modest experiments, or logical sciences. Applicants need not be Submit applications to NIDDK Travel completing a manuscript (paying for members of the American Physiological Fellowships, c/o Dr. Martin Frank, Execu- typists or perhaps for page charges) I Society but should be a U.S. citizen or hold tive Director, American Physiological So- RecipientsReciptents will he selected with the a Permanent Resident visa. ciety, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD assistance of the Senior Physiolo. Advanced undergraduate, predoctoral, 20814. gists Committee throughout the and postdoctoral scientists, who have ob- The deadline for receipt of completed year.year Names of awardeeswill not be tained their undergraduate education in applications is November 15, 1988. Can- made publicpublic. Mary Folk writes that Minority Biomedical Research Program didates will be notified by January 31, the purpose of the fund is1s for the (MBRS), and MARC eligible institutions, 1989, of the Selection Committee’s deci- Senior Physiologists Committee “to may apply as may students in the APS Por- sion. @ havefun assistingassistmg colleagues and for ter Development Program. Applications Emeritus APS members to keep in closer touch with APS.” Inquiries concerning the G, Edgar News From Senior Physiologists

Letter to Horace W. ing factor after exposure to ionizing radia- Davenport: tion or carcinogenic chemicals.” Edward D. Freis retired in January 1987, Robert M. Ekme has stepped down as but adds, “However, I still spend about Letter to John Brobeck: chairman of physiology at the University one-half time working. I am still head of of Virginia Medical Center but is continu- the hypertension unit at the District of Harry D. Patton is “practicing full time ing as a professor of physiology in full- Columbia’s Veterans Administration Med- retirement with great glee and enjoyment. time research. He is continuing his work ical Center and I am still doing mostly I drop by the lab now and again to see old with Matt Levy on the cardiovascular and research. I am no longer called ‘Senior friends . . . but I don’t engage in any work physiology texts and plans to continue his Medical Investigator,’ but I am now ‘Chief that is of any benefit to mankind. We have hobbies of tennis, skiing, fishing, and hunt- of the Hypertension Service’ at this hospi- a 32-foot boat . . . [and] in the summer we ing plus some traveling in the USA. tal.” take her up the inland passage through British Columbia and southeast Alaska where we fish and enjoy the scenery. Letters to Roy 0. Greep: Letter to Steven M. Horvath: “And then we travel a fair amount. We have gone to Kenya, Egypt (a trip up the Eugene P. Cronkite writes, “I am defi- Harry Sobel writes, “I am at the Isotope Nile), London, Yucatan, Tahiti, Bora Bora, nitely continuing with scientific research, Laboratory, Institute of Geophysics and Greece, Belize, and so on. The trip to primarily the study of leukemogenesis by Planetary Physics, UCLA (an honorary ap Egypt was exciting-we unwittingly timed inhalation of benezene and exposure to pointment) trying to develop a program to our arrival in Giza to coincide with a major very low levels of ionizing radiation. My study environmental changes produced in riot. We were awakened in the middle of real interest in life is the exploration of the resistant proteins such as collagen (e.g., in the night to rifle fire, machine guns, tracer regulation of hematopoietic cellular prolif- parchment), keratin, and silk fibroin for bullets, burning buildings, and tanks. A eration, cell-to-cell interaction in bone archeological purposes. I am also trying to bullet came through the window missing marrow, and the role of the molecular he- update my aging theory and trying to col- Barbara by a few feet. We got out the next mopoietic regulators in the possible induc- lect all data on the effect of age on diffu- morning safely and continued our trip up tion of acute myeloid leukemia, and, per- sion and permeability of all substances and the river without incident.” haps, other tumors in mice and man who the consequences of any changes. In fact, are given therapeutically large amounts of I would appreciate collaboration with any granulocyte macrophage, colony stimulat- interested persons.”

Vol. 31, No. 5, 1988 141 Review of Physiology Video Physiology, An Inside View

One of the problems we physiologists homeostasis. The production qualities of segments featured the accomplishments of have is explaining to others why we find the video are quite good and the video British physiologists. Some American stu- what we do so exciting and fulfilling. An- keeps the viewer interested throughout. I dents, particularly women and members of other problem we have is ensuring that recently showed the video to a group of minority groups, thus might have problems there will be a new generation of physiol- undergraduate biology students who were identifying with the physiologists shown ogists to take our place when we are gone. involved in a summer research program. in the video and seeing themselves as The new video, PHYSIOLOGY AN INSIDE Most of the students said that their interest physiologists. This problem could be VZEW, available from the American Phys- in physiology was increased by viewing helped by a short discussion about careers iological Society can help with both of the video. Other comments they had re- in physiology that should take place after these problems. This 2%minute video was garding the video included that it was the the video is shown. Despite these weak originally produced in Britain by the Phys- right length, that it was not boring, that the points, the video is quite good and well iological Society. The video presents a narrator showed a lot of enthusiasm, and worth showing to junior high, high school, broad overview of physiology from the cel- that it showed that physiology was a mod- and college students or any other group lular to the whole-body level in a format ern science. whose members may have a interest in suitable for junior high students to adults. Although the video is a good introduc- physiology. I plan to use the video as an The video focuses on several research proj- tion to physiology, it does have a few weak introduction to both my human physiology ects to present to the viewer a description points. The narrator has a heavy accent, course and the physiology section of our of what physiology is, what tools physiol- which makes understanding some of his introductory biology courses. The video is ogists use, and why the study of physiolog- speech difficult. In addition, the accent an excellent resource for encouraging ical processes is so important. Segments and the narrator’s enthusiasm were per- young people to enter into a career in on the physiology of exercise, a patient ceived as somewhat humorous by our stu- physiology and for showing lay people the with Parkinson’s disease, telemetry studies dents. Other concerns our students had excitement we experience in our work. A of flying geese, cell culture studies, cold about the video were that no women sci- copy of the video is available from APS water immersion studies, and the physiol- entists or scientists who are members of headquarters for the extremely reasonable ogy of space flight give a broad overview minority groups are shown, although one cost of $20.00. of modern physiology. The on-camera nar- woman technician is shown briefly, that no rator brings a lot of enthusiasm to his job mention of informed consent was made in Christopher Barney and is even willing to have himself dunked the segment on cold water immersion of a in cold water to explain the concept of helicopter pilot, and that almost all of the

Ohio Physiological Society Symposium on High-Tech Physiology

The Ohio Physiological Society Third Annual Symposium entitled “High-Tech Physiology” will be held on Friday, No- vember 11, 1988 at Case Western Reserve University. Speakers will include Dr. Brit- ton Chance, University of Pennsylvania; Dr. Fredric Fay, University of Massachu- setts; and Dr. Guy Salama, University of Pittsburgh. More information can be ob- tained by calling (216) 368-5517.

APS Winners at Ohto’s Science Day. The American Physiological Societysponsored four awards at Ohio’s State Science Dayprogram at Ohro WesleyanUniversity. Shown her are APS members BNCe Biagi (left) and Kenneth Hanson (right), of Ohio StateUniversity, who were Judgesfor the physiologysection, and award winners (lej to right) Jeannme L. Taylor, Cory R Buford, and Celina M. Loebtck. The fourth wmner (not pictured) was Douglas K. Dangler. This was the third year APSpresented certtficatesof award at the Ohio science dayprogram.

142 THE PHYSIOLOGIST the support of biomedical research. SomAMERIcA the APS for individual members. They also As indicated earlier, we also visited In- (Conts’nuedMm p. 135) described a number of existing linkages stitutes in Leningrad and Tbilisi. In Lenin- with institutions in the United States, For grad, we visited the Sechenov Institute of agreed that such linkages would not be example, the University of Maryland has a Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry monogamous relationships, They encour- relationship with the Training Advisory and the Pavlov Institute of Physiology. Di- age the APS to find departments in the Committee of the National Research Coun- rector Vladimir Suidersky and Deputy Di- United States who might be willing to de- cil of Argentina. Brazil has an equipment rector Anatolii Danilov met with us at the velop such linkages. exchange program by which universities Sechenov Institute and discussed the re- in the United States buy equipment as a search efforts of the investigators. Because part of joint research projects. Some of this of limitations on our time, we were unable equipment is then transferred to Brazil. to meet with the scientists in the institute The Directory supported the development or visit the laboratories. Similarly, our visit The Chilean physiologists are of linkages between the APS and national with academician Vladimir Govyrin and very worried about the access societies but felt that the Association might Nicolay Suvorov at the Pavlov Institute was be able to serve as a distribution point for brief. However, we did have the opportu- to physiological journals. information. This is because it may be dif- nity to visit many of Pavlov’s experimental ficult for the APS to keep a current account- rooms as well as his home, which are main- ing of the officers of the national societies, tained as museums. Much of the research The permanent secretariat for the Associa- done at the Pavlov Institute is performed They also were very much in favor of a tion will have this as a primary responsi- at their laboratories outside of Leningrad, clearing house that would provide poten- bility and will be willing to serve as a which we did not visit. tial sites for training of Latin American distribution point. This individual is Ra- In Tbilisi, we visited the IS. Beritashvili postdoctoral fellows as well as sabbatical mon Rosas of the Catholic University in Institute of Physiology where we were leaves. Again, in many casesprevious con- Chile. hosted by Deputy Director Nodar Mi- nections with the United States provide The Directory expressed enthusiasm for tagvaria. The IT-story institute was avenues for such visits. However, some both the sister department and the clearing founded by Beritashvili, a contemporary of Chilean physiologists simply do not have house ideas. It encouraged the Council of Pavlov. The entire institute focuses on re- an appropriate contact. They encouraged the American Physiological Society to search interests of Beritashvili. Studies the American Physiological Society to de- adopt these programs. They also were en- range from electrophysiological aspects of velop a means by which they could be- thusiastic about the possibility of receiving isolated neuroglial cells to studies of the come aware of potential placements in the books and journals at reduced rates. Again, organism under conditions of behavioral United States. They would also be very details of these arrangements were made modification. Mitagvaria’s research was fo- interested in hosting American scientists to be worked out, but it seems as though cused on behavioral influences on the cer- who wish to spend time in their laborato- the ALACF may be the best route for the ebral circulation. ries, distribution of information concerning any Throughout our visit, our host and al- Next, I visited Buenos Aires to attend such programs. most constant companion was Professor the XVI Congress of the Latin American During the week in Argentina, I also Alexei Ivanitsky, Chief of the Electrophys- Association of the Physiological Sciences. visited cardiovascular research laboratories iological Laboratory at the Serbsky Insti- This Congress was organized by Carlos in Buenos Aires and La Plata. In Buenos tute of General and Forensic Psychiatry in Libertun and his local organizing commit- Aires I visited the Favaloro Foundation Moscow. Professor Ivanitsky also serves as tee. This included physiologists from all which was established by Dr. Favaloro, a the Secretary of the All-Union Physiologi- over Argentina. Aubrey Taylor delivered a well known cardiothoracic surgeon. It is cal Society and was a signer of the agree- lecture in honor of Eduardo Braun Menen- worth mentioning this organization be- ment along with Oleg Gazenko. dez on transport of macromolecules across cause it appears that this may be a model For the physiological community, the capillary endothelium in vivo. I gave a for other similar foundations in Argentina. agreement signed in Moscow on June 2, lecture on the use of magnetic resonance In each case, a well-known physician or 1988, is one of the very first dividends of spectroscopy to study the cellular signal scientist develops a means for private fund- Mikhail Gorbachev’s glasnosi; For too for adenosine release. I also participated ing of a research foundation. Frequently many years, researchers in the two nations in a symposium on the development of clinical income is a major source of funds moved on parallel paths while political human resources in the physiological sci- for research. These institutes provide an restrictions limited scientific collegiality. ences where I was asked to comment on alternative to national fuhding for research No longer shall we encounter severe re- postdoctoral training in physiology for that can be quite attractive. The work going strictions, as exchange physiologists will Latin American scientists in the United on at the Favaloro Foundation is of high be permitted to visit laboratories that cor- States of America. At the meeting in Bue- quality and is conducted under conditions respond with their research interests. Such nos Aires both Taylor and I had an oppor- that are superior to those found in most of interchange of information and data un- tunity to discuss a number of issues con- the universities in Argentina. I also visited doubtedly will be beneficial to the world cerning Latin American physiology. A very the University of La Plata, which is approx- in the treatment, cure, and prevention of productive session was a meeting with the imately an hour and a half drive from Bue- disease. entire Directory of the Latin American As- nos Aires. The physical facilities at this Society members interested in partici- sociation of the Physiological Sciences. At university leave something to be desired, pating in the exchange agreement or de- this meeting individuals from a number of but there is an excellent cardiovascular siring additional information should con- nations expressed an interest in affiliation program headed by Horatio Cingolani. As tact Martin Frank at the APS Headquarters. with the American Physiological Society in Chile, I was struck by the productivity through their national societies. They un- of these scientists who are working under Martin Frank derscored the prohibitive dues structure of far from ideal conditions. 1 also visited the

144 THE PHYSIOLOGIST Mainetti Foundation, which has an orien- ciety so that Ecuador can become part of tation toward oncological research. Like the physiological community of Latin the Favaloro Foundation in Buenos Aires America. At present, no one in Ecuador POSITIONS this is largely the result of efforts of an attends the meetings of the Latin American AVAILABLE individual physician who has turned his Associatibn for Physiological Sciences. The attention to developing research. My host library at the University of Ecuador does in La Plats was a young endocrinologist, not take any of the journals of the Ameri- Postdoctoral Research Associate. Posi- Rudolfo Goya, who is particularly inter- can Physiological Society, The librarian tion available to study the biochemical ested in the physiology of aging. showed me the collection of the American mechanisms of hormone action in mem- I had a number of discussions with in- Jou4-ncalof physiology, which stops some- branes and the cellular mechanisms of uri- dividual Latin American physiologists who time in the 70s. She saysthat they stopped nary acidification. Preference given to were in Buenos Aires representing their subscribing to the journal because they did Ph.D. in biochemistry with expertise in national societies. Among these was the not have funds, She was very excited about one or more of the following areas: enzy- opportunity to discuss potential for rela- the possibility of restoring it to the shelves mology, receptor assays, flow cytometry, tionships between the Cuban physiologists through some sort of a gift program. lipid chemistry. Salary negotiable depend- and the American Physiological Society. ing upon expertise; excellent benefits. The President of the Cuban Society for Send curriculum vitae and the names and Physiological Sciences, Ernest0 Bravo Mo- addresses of three references to Dr. Sandra tarazzo, told me that there is a major push Sabatini, Dept of Internal Medicine, Texas in Cuba to expand their capabilities in the there is a major push in Tech University HSC, Lubbock, TX 79430. area of biotechnology. This relates to an Cuba to expand their WEI overall plan for economic development in Human Cardiopulmonary Exercise Phys- the country. As a part of this, they are very capabilities in the area of iologist. Faculty position available for an anxious for exchanges between American biotechnology. M.D, or Ph.D. interested in developing a and Cuban biologists. Because of the poor strong research program in human cardio- diplomatic relations between Cuba and the pulmonary and/or exercise physiology. United States, this is a challenging and Candidates should have a solid publication somewhat discouraging process. I re- record and demonstrated expertise in ob- minded Bravo of the visit of Dr. Bohr to There is strong evidence that progress taining independent research funding. Cuba during his President-Elect tour some Opportunities are encouraged for collab- years ago. I indicated that the American can be made in Ecuador. The Biochemistry Department has three investigators who oration and formal interaction among the Physiological Society was interested in de- Divisions of Pulmonary Medicine, Occu- veloping relationships between physiolog- are working on the effects of dietary cal- cium on high blood pressure. They are pational Medicine, and Environmental ical scientists throughout Latin America in- Physiology within the Departments of cluding Cuba. supported by a grant from an international foundation. Evidence of their dedication Medicine and Environmental Health Sci- to their work is that all three investigators ences. Interested candidates should con- share a salary budgeted in the grant for one tact Solbert Permutt, M.D., Search Com- investigator. I have a sense that there are mittee Chairman, Department of Environ- individuals in Ecuador who are interested mental Health Sciences, Division of in physiology who would be willing to Environmental Physiology, The Johns Finally, I visited Quito, Ecuador, I had help build the science but they need help Hopkins University School of Hygiene and arranged a visit to Ecuador to gain an ap- from the outside, I experienced some evi- Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Balti- preciation for the state of physiology in a dence of the difficulties scientists in Ec- more, MD 21205. Phone: 301-550-0545. Latin American country that is not well uador face when we left the University. [EOAEE] known for producing outstanding physiol- The students had organized a strike to pro- Cellular/Molecular Physiologist. Facultv ogists, At present there are no formally test an increase in bus fares. To leave, we tenure track position in the Biology De’- trained physiologists in Ecuador, The De- had to drive up on the sidewalk to avoid a partment is available for August 198% The partment of Physiology consists of a single line of fire that the students had placed position is at the Assistant Professor level, teaching laboratory with a modest comple- across the street. It was only after my host although outstanding candidates with ment of equipment, There are very few had assured the students of our sympathy more experience will be considered. The faculty offices and there are no full-time with their cause that we were allowed to successful candidate will be expected to faculty members. Physiology is taught by pass. develop a productive, extramurally funded practicing physicians who have part-time In summary, if the American Physiolog- research program and alternately teach an appointments in the department. My host ical Society is to live up to its name, there undergraduate physiology course and a was a young physician who has an interest is much to be done to improve our linkages specialty graduate class. All research areas in bringing physiology to a higher state in with Latin American physiologists. In to be considered, although candidates who Ecuador. This individual, Cesar Izquiterdo doing so we must take into account the complement existing strengths in endocri- Jimenez, is spending more than half of his rather severe conditions under which they nology, muscle physiology and neurosci- time teaching physiology and is interested do their work. I think it is up to us to find ence are especially desirable. Send appli- in a full-time career in physiology. I prom- ways to make the Society accessible to cation letter, complete curriculum vitae, ised to try to help him find a postdoctoral them and to encourage APS members to statement of research and names of at least position in reproductive endocrinology in reach out to help. three references by December 15th to Dr. the United States, He is going to try to Peter Abramoff, Biology Dept., Marquette organize an Ecuadorian Physiological So- Harvey V, Sparks, Jr. University, Milwaukee, WI 53233. [EEOAA]

145 EDITORML OPINION (Continued from p, 134) pounds, shelters, animal clinics and hos- pitals, kennels and catteries, and pet shops; To the Editor developing a model pound release law for use by state and local governments; and The June 1988 issue of The Physiologist better judges of the worth of a research preparing comments on the proposed An- contained communications which reveal proposal than a panel of experts? imal Welfare Act regulations that deal with in the most pointed way a difficulty facing Finally, she bemoans the fact that we exercise for dogs and the psychological the biomedical community. Larry Horton perceive the animal activists as foes of well-being of primates. carefully outlined the program of animal biomedical research, rather than people It should be evident that our Society activists, pointing out that they are a de- who are only “trying to raise the conscious- now is moving in a direction to better structive force whose aim is total abolition ness of scientists about very real issues.” inform its members on animal issues by of the use of animals in research. Cheryl With her personal experience with the implementing the GRIP Committee rec- Scott, on the other hand, reiterates many “vast majority” of animal activists, Scott is ommendations and involving the public of the unsupported claims of the avowed surely aware that nearly every animal activ- affairs and animal care and experimenta- antivivisectionists as well as making the ist society has clearly enunciated its goal: tion committees in the battle plans. (For most basic errors of scientific reasoning. to stop animal research entirely. those who do not believe that this is a Scott seems to believe scientists treat In Michigan, the Michigan Humane So- battle, you probably have not had the shock their animals only as “lab reagents” and ciety has stated, “the Michigan Humane of local government prohibiting the use of care nothing about their welfare. I suppose Society is against live animal experiments, pound animals in your laboratory. The an- this view comes from a few alleged cases, no matter where the animals are take tivivisectionists clearly have set the order Is that how her science is done, by picking from,“’ All societies with the label “antivi- of battle and the time has come when we an aberrent experiment and extrapolating visection” in their title have as their stated must draw the line.) to the general conditions? She notes that goal the abolition of animal research, for What each committee needs is input even if we have not witnessed abuse, “it that is the meaning of antivivisection. So- from you. I urge each of you to contact the does exist.” It seems it is no longer nec- cieties such as People for the Ethical Treat- proper chairman with your thoughts and essary to document charges. ment of Animals (PETA) are clearly aboli- ideas as well as any particular problems Scott argues that a single base pair alter- tionist. These groups are not trying to learn you may have in dealing with antivivisec- ation may lead to a significant difference the truth about animal research; they are tionists. To help keep you informed The in function of a protein, This in turn inval- trying to put an end to it. Physiologist has and will continue to pro- idates much (all?) application of knowl- The biomedical community is under at- vide important information about the activ- edge gained from animals to humans. Can tack. If we do not respond, research and ities of antivivisectionists at the national, she seriously believe that the physiological the health and well being of all humans state, and local levels and the FASEBNews- knowledge gained from a study of rats, will suffer. Larry Horton said it well: “Spec- lefter also has information concerning na- dogs, even fish cannot be applied to hu- tators will not determine the outcome; tional legislative affairs. mans? Did Claude Bernard, August Krogh players will.” I hope our membership will I am asking all members to support or Julius Comroe live in vain? become active players. these committees by becoming an active Scott charges that even a “panel of ex- member of a network of physiologists who perts” cannot keep abreast of the literature Richard L. Malvin stand ready to respond forcefully and rap- so ‘I I I I many projects are funded of no The University of Michigan idly in the Society’s proactive programs to value. . a ,” (It is an interesting insight to meet the antivivisectionists’ challenges to her thinking that she places quotation halt the use of animals in research. marks around the words, panel of experts.) Is she suggesting that animal activists are ’ Michigan Humane Society, Sept. 1980 Aubrey E. Taylor

THE WIZARD OF ID by Brant parker ahd Johnny hart

111 c- I- ’ ‘A----- L -- By permission of Johnny Hart and News Group Chicago, Inc.

THE PHYSIOLOGIST PUBLIC AFFAIRS Ferrets, Mice, County Fairs . . . PETA Had a Busy Summer; Cancer Board Urges Halt to Restrictive Animal Laws

The episode began in a northern Vir- ginia pet shop near Washington, DC, and turned into an ongoing debate between health officials and animal activists over “The discomfort of a human does not outweigh the right of animals to live. ” PETA animal rights vs. human rights. spokesperson commenting on rabies shots for a small boy and an adult bitten by a ferret At issue is a ferret named Fuji who may later hidden by an animal rights organization. or may not have bitten a 24-year-old man and a 5-year-old boy. The bites could have come from any one of three ferrets in a laboratories, circuses, and rodeos, detectives has been halted because the cage at a pet shop near Manassas. Dr. Jared Florence, the Prince William instructor doesn’t want a confrontation Two of the ferrets were confiscated by County health director, said the case con- with animal activists. animal control officers and were tested for cerned him because people decided will- The Drug Enforcement Administration’s rabies, which involves decapitation. The fully to defy the law, He has proposed ( DEA) two-week training program for local third, Fuji, is the pet of Jennifer Au, the legislation to the board of supervisors that law enforcement officers includes inject- store’s @-year-old clerk, who claims she would ban the sale and possession of fer- ing mice with illegal drugs to demonstrate gave the ferret to an anonymous defender rets in the county because there is no fed- the effects’of drugs on behavior. of animal rights who refuses to return the erally approved rabies vaccine for ferrets, On learning that drugged mice are animal for a rabies test, presumably be- Elliot Katz, president of In Defense of being used in the training, PETA com- cause the test requires killing the ferret. Animals, a California animal advocacy plained to the DEA that the exercise is Because authorities feared the ferret group with 35,000 members, said that “an- cruel, unnecessarily exploits animals, and may be rabid, Prince William County Cir- imals don’t get a fair deal. Departments of is not scientifically valid. Mary Beth Sweet- cuit Court ordered Au to produce the ani- health often have little concern for ani- land, a PETA spokesperson, said, “I don’t mal or face a charge of contempt of court. mals. They are bureaucrats and often have think it [the exercise] has any validity. I The woman said that she had no idea who little flexibility.” don’t think you can extrapolate informa- had the ferret or where it was being kept The Washington Post, commenting in an tion from a mouse and apply it to a human.” and the judge ordered her to jail, editorial, termed the episode “As an ex- Robert Bryden, director of DEA training, After five days the judge released Au ample of truly unhinged, upside-down val- said, “For all practical purposes we are not from jail and ordered her to actively search ues. , . . going to do it because the instructor has for the ferret and have it brought to animal “It is depressing, if not surprising, to see decided that he doesn’t want the confron- control officers for testing. But her pleas that this style of defending animals’ tation with the animal rights group. for the ferret’s return have gone unheeded rights-which is, among other things, “I don’t see anything wrong with it. I and both the man and the boy have had to criminal-has its advocates. Consider the think it is an excellent teaching method. I endure the painful shots, comment offered this newspaper by Carol think it works and we have had outstanding Although the case has been continued Burnett, spokeswoman for People for the comments from police officers who have indefinitely and Au has been ordered to Ethical Treatment of Animals: ‘The dis- seen it in the past. continue her search, Judge Percy Thorn- comfort of a human does not outweigh the “What our long-term decision [on using ton, Jr., told her, “The harm has been done right of animals to life,’ May the speaker of the exercise] is remains to be seen, We are all because of a designed, deliberate those complacent and profoundly nutty going to examine the facts and then we are scheme. . . . I hope you have learned a words never have to undergo the kind of going to make a decision. The overriding lesson. . . . You can probably expect an discomfort that rabies shots inflict. lesson to learn is worth whatever small risk onslaught of civil action.” He also found “The same organization argues that fer- there may be to the laboratory animals. I her guilty of concealing a ferret to prevent rets have the right to life. Questions of think police officers’ lives are very impor- its destruction or confinement, a misde- human health are apparently entirely sec- tant and X think this course may save some- meanor, and fined her $50, half the maxi- ondary, You have to wonder how People one’s life,” mum sentence. Au said she will appeal. for the Ethical Etc, feel about rats and the The instructor, who is a pharmacologist, Carol Burnett, a spokesperson for PETA methods that any rational community uses has been involved in the program for five (People for the Ethical Treatment of Ani- to deal with them and the diseases they years and said that he injects the mice with mals), said, “We definitely support Jenni- carry. ” barbiturates, amphetamines, and other fer in that it was her right not to have the types of drugs so that the officers can ob- ferret die, The discomfort of a human does serve changes in behavior. He said that he not outweigh the right of an animal to live. DEA Suspends Training does not inject the same mice repeatedly Ferrets are not disposable toys. , . , and that the mice usually suffer no lasting They have a right to life and not to suffer.” Program Exercise to Avoid effects, Burnett said PETA, which claims Confrontation With PETA 250,000 members and an annual budget of $3.5 million, opposes “all exploitation” of The use of laboratory mice in a federally animals including their use as food and in sponsored training program for narcotic

Vol. 31, No. 5, 1988 147 PETA Protests at conceptions regarding the need to use an- Senate Passes Pet Theft County Fairs imals in biomedical research. “The panel finds a continuing and ab- Act; House Action is PETA has been showing up at county solute scientific need to use animals in Uncertain fairs protesting diving mules and talking cancer research, including research on to 4-H Club members about alternatives to anti-cancer and anti-AIDS drugs, vaccines, In the waning hours before the start of raising prize livestock. It also has stopped diagnostic methods, and studies of biology its summer recess the Senate approved the turtle racing as a part of a rock concert of cancer, its causation, and prevention. Pet Theft Act (S. 2353). The bill had been promotion and a guess-the-weight-of-the- Blocking this research impedes the prog- cleared earlier in the day when there was cow contest I ress of the National Cancer Program and no objection by any senator after each sen- PETA’s efforts to stop a county fair ex- severely reduces its benefits for the health ate office was notified that the bill was to hibition of mule diving wasthwarted, how- of the American people.” be placed on the consent calendar for pas- ever, when a veterinarian hired by the The panel requested the President “not sage without a recorded vote. Prince William County, VA animal control to sign any legislation which may be pre- Sen. Patrick Leahy, chairman of the Sen- and county attorney offices said that the sented to you by the Congress that would ate Agriculture Committee, said, “We mule diving was not cruel and could pro- curtail the necessary use of animals in can- worked with concerned parties and altered ceed if the position of the accessramp was cer research.” The panel also urged that the bill so that it is acceptable to everyone.” changed, The mules climb unassisted up a persons “who act illegally to disrupt such The immediate action on the bill was re- metal stairwell to the top of a 30-foot tower research be vigorously prosecuted.” quested by its sponsor Sen. Wendell Ford and then dive into a six-foot-deep, ZO-feet- In its resolution the cancer board noted (D-KY) because there will be very little wide tank of water. that “progress in cancer research depends time for its consideration after the summer upon the humane and scientifically appro- As for the 4-H Club members, PETA recess before the 100th Congress adjourns members said they will encourage the priate use of animals for research; and . I . in October. Club’s members to turn to alternative proj- major advances in cancer research have The Pet Theft Act was introduced last ects because it is wrong to teach a child to depended on the use of animals , . . and April by Ford as a replacement for the Pet raise an animal only to sell it for slaughter. there are major areas of cancer re- Protection Act, which he had introduced A radio station, promoting a concert by search, including studies of causation, pre- almost a year earlier. The latter bill was the Turtles, announced that it would con- vention, and treatment, in which the con- opposed by the scientific community, in- duct a turtle race at the bar of a local hotel. tinued use of animals is essential,” cluding APS, whose members conducted a The resolution “calls upon national, vigorous letter writing campaign last win- The race was to be between two dime- state, and local legislators, health profes- store turtles. After a protest by PETA, which ter because the legislation, if enacted, claimed that the noise and atmosphere at sionals, scientists, and others to support would not protect pets inasmuch as it did the bar could cause damage (mostly psy- the humane use of animals in research to not apply to pounds and dealers, but chological) to the turtles, mechanical tur- ensure continued progress against cancer, rather, it would make researchers ineligi- tles were substituted. Furthermore, the Board affirms that further ble for federal funds if unclaimed pound Another promotion, guess-the-weight- proscription ur curtailment of the use of animals were used, regardless of source. animals in research threatens to paralyze of-the-cow, also was called off when PETA The Pet Theft Act is aimed at the pounds protested the exploitation of the animal. future progress against cancer.” and dealers by requiring pounds and shel- ters to hold all animals for at least seven days and by prohibiting dealers to sell any President’s Cancer Panel, Massachusetts First unclaimed cat or dog without a certificate Advisory Board Voice identifying the animal and the place and to Prohibit Theft of time of sale. Concerns About Animal Lab Property, Animals Although APS applauded Ford for his Use Restrictions substitution of the pet theft bill for the pet Massachusetts has become the nation’s protection bill, the Society voiced its con- The National Cancer Advisory Board and first state to enact legislation recognizing cern that the bill would raise the purchase the President’s Cancer Panel both have the removal of property from research in- costs of unclaimed dogs and cats and that issued statements expressing concern stitution as a felony offense, it only covered pounds and shelters oper- about national, state, and local legislation The Massachusetts legislature unani- ated by state, county, or local government that would restrict the use of animals for mously approved a bill that prohibits the and not private sheltgrs and pounds sub- purposes of research and urged President unauthorized removal of property from any sidized by county or local governments. Reagan to veto any legislation passed by premises in which animals are housed or The latter provision was incorporated in the Congress that would restrict the use of used for research by a research institution, the Senate-approved bill, animals in cancer research. The law also prohibits the interference What action the House will take is un- The statements were sent to President with ur the release of any animals that may certain There is no companion bill in the Reagan bv the panel’s chairman, Armand constitute a threat to public health or citi- House, and there has been virtually no Hammer, ’ zen safety. interest in pet theft legislation. The House The panel’s statement said, “The panel Penalties for crimes proven to be mali- has had for the last three Congresses a pet hereby reports to the President its growing cious and willful range from a maximum protection bill identical to the Senate ver- concern that cancer research is being in- of 10 years in prison and a fine up to sion that was set aside by Ford last April. creasingly jeopardized by current and pro- $25,000; for crimes proven to be willful William M. Samuels posed local, state, and national legislation, but not malicious, the maximum penalties bv illegal activities of elements of the ani- are 5 years in prison and a fine up to ial rights movement, and by public mis- $10,000.

THE PHYSIOLOGIST that there is no significant differences based on career orientation. The mean age MEDICAL SCHOOL REPORT for promotion to associate professor is 38.8 years and 44.9 years for professor. Study Shows Publications Major Difference The study also sought both faculty and department chairmen opinions as to what Between Promoted and Passed-Over Faculty are the important academic factors in de- cisions for promotion, Although there was The number of publications in profes- promoted to associate professor and 43 agreement about the importance of crea- sional journals is a distinguishing charac- faculty members (23 researchers; 20 clini- tive scholarship (indicated by the combi- teristic between medical school faculty cians-teachers) were promoted to profes- nation of publications, grant support, and members who are promoted and those sor Twelve were denied promotion, quality of research), faculty members who are passed over, according to a study Faculty members promoted to associate thought that the greatest emphasis was at The Johns Hopkins University School of professor averaged 23.4 publications of placed on the number of publications Medicine. which 10.8 articles were published during while the chairmen rated the quality of The five-year study revealed that faculty the 3 years before the promotion. The av- research as the most important (Table 1). members who were promoted had a rate erage number of publications for those not There also was a difference found re- of publication of more than twice that of promoted was 10.6 of which 4,4 articles garding teaching. Faculty members per- faculty members not promoted. Moreover, were published in 3 years before being ceived teaching as having had little influ- there was no evidence of bias by the pro- passed over. Promoted faculty members ence on their chances of being promoted; motion review committees in the promo- were first author on 10.4 articles, compared department chairmen thought teaching tions of researchers and clinician-teachers. with 6.6 for faculty members not pro- was second in importance only to creative The study reflects only the promotion moted. scholarship. track of the Baltimore medical school. The Although clinical researchers promoted findings are difficult to generalize inas- to associate professors had more published TABLE 1. Importance of Factors in much as Hopkins is not typical of most articles than did basic science researchers Consideration for Promotion* medical schools in the United States. or clinician-teachers who were promoted, Ranked by Ranked by It has a single-track promotion system, there was no significant difference in the Factor Faculty Chairmen whereas most medical schools have sepa- number of publications as first author or in rate tracks for clinician-teachers and re- the number of publications during the meau Publications 1.32 1.26 searchers. Also, faculty members at Hop- three most recent years. However, a ques- Grant support 1.72 1.56 kins may serve as long as 15 years before tion that was raised, but unanswered, is Quality of research 1.75 1.2ot a decision is made about tenure; the tenure whether clinical researchers feel a greater Clinical practice 2.58 2.73 track at most medical schools is 6 or 7 pressure than basic scientists and, there- Administration 2.64 3.14 years. fore, may publish smaller units of data. Teat hing 2.80 1.90f Furthermore, the combined ranks of as- As for promotion to professor, there was sociate professor and professor is 50% of no significant differences in the publica- the school’s faculty, compared to an aver- tions records among the faculty groups. age of 69% in other medical schools; the The study also explored the hypothesis that clinician-teachers are promoted later than either group of researchers and found This story is an excerpt from The New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 3 18, No. 12, 1988. “Academic Promotion At A (Editors).San Diego, CA: Academic, 1988, 270 Medical School,”Mark L. Bratshawet al. BOOKS RECEIVED pp., illus.,index, $75.00. Su@ctants and the Lining of the Lung. Em- ile M. Scarpelli.Baltimore, MD: TheJohns Hop- ratio of faculty members in the clinical Eye, Brain,and Won. DavidH. Hubel,New kins Univ. Press,1988, 126 pp., illus., index, departments to those in the basic science York: ScientificAmerican Library, 1988, 240 pp., $42.50. departments is 8-to-l, compared to an av- illus.,index, $32.95. Mm in Stressful Environments-Divinzg, Hy- Monoclonal Antibodies in Diagnostic Immu- per- and l$pobaric Physiolou. Keizo Shiraki erage ratio of s-to-1 in other medical nohistochemistry. Mark R. Wick and GeneP. andMohamed K. Yousef(Editors). Springfield, schools. Siegal(Editors). New York: Dekker,1988, 664 IL: CharlesC Thomas,1988, 266 pp., illus., At Hopkins the system of promotion and pp., illus.,index, $125.00. index, $42.50. reappointment applies to all full-time fac- Exercise, Nutrition, and Energy Metabolism. Methods in Bronchiul MucologJ.!Pier Carlo ulty members and the title of assistant pro- EdwardS. Hortonand RonaldL. Terjung(Edi- Bragaand Luigi Allegra(Editors) New York:, fessor can be held for 7 years before a tors).New York: Macmillan, 1988,265 pp,,illus., Raven,1988, pp,, illus.,index, $89.00. mandatory reappointment review. If pro- index, $44.95. Memory G Centrul Nervous Organization, moted to associate professor a faculty Trace Amines: Comparative and Clinical CharlesM. Fair.New York: Paragon House, 1988, member can hold that title for 6 years Neurobiology. A. A. Boulton,A. V. Juorio,and R. 203pp., illus.,index, $27.95. before a reappointment review, After 15 G. H. Downer(Editors). Clifton, NJ: Humana, Neurometbods: 8 Imuging and Correlative 1988,496 pp., illus.,index, $75.00. Pbysicochemical Techniques. Alan A. Boulton, years a faculty member must be given a Exercise and Sports Sciences Review. Kent Glen B, Baker,and DonaldP.J. Boisvert (Edi- contract extending to his or her retirement Pandolf,American College of SportsMedicine tars).Clifton, NJ: Humana, 448 pp., illus.,index, or a terminal contract. Series(vol. 16). New York: Macmillan,1988, $69.50. During the years of the study (1980- 551pp., illus.,index, $48.00. Tbe Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptors. Lee E. 1985) a total of 162 faculty members (88 Physiolog), and ToxicoZogy of Male Reproduc- Limbird(Editor). Clifton, NJ: Humana, 440 pp., clinician-teachers; 74 researchers) were tion. JamesC. LambIV and PaulM. 0. Foster illus.,index, $69.50.

Vol. 31, No. 5, 1988 149 Eric R. Kandel is a professor at the Cen- PEOPLE AND PLACES ter for Neurobiology and Behavior at Co- lumbia University’s APS member Juliana E. Szilagyi, Ph.D., 1970 and has been College of Physicians University of Houston, was awarded the chairman of the ma- and Surgeons and sen- University of Houston rine biology research ior investigator at the Research Excellence division since 1983. Howard Hughes Med- Award for 1988, the He also was the acting ical Institute. His re- highest research director of the Insti- search, for which he award that is given a tute’s physiological recently was awarded faculty member. Szil- research laboratory. the National Medal of agyi’s research is in His current re- Science by President the area of the brain search focuses on ad- Ronald Reagan, has sought to determine in hypertension with aptations of membrane-localized ATPase on the cellular and molecular level how specific interests in enzymes to pressure, the reversible bind- the brain acquires new information about stress and opiate modulation of cardiovas- ing of glycolytic enzymes to contractile/ the environment, stores it in memory, and cular reflex control mechanisms. She structural proteins of muscle, the adapta- reflects it in behavior. earned a Ph.D. in physiology from Ohio tion of mitochondrial function to temper- Using an experimentally advantageous State University with Harold Weiss and ature and pressure, and the precise amino invertebrate animal, the marine snail Aply then obtained postdoctoral training at the acid substitutions that are responsible for siu, Kandel has analyzed the cellular and Cleveland Clinic Foundation with Carlos adapting proteins to temperature and hy- molecular mechanisms of three forms of M. Ferrario. drostatic pressure. learning-habituation, sensitization, and L. Gabriel Navar, Ph.D., has accepted the Robert H. Wurtz has concentrated his classical conditioning-as well as the chairmanship of the Department of Phys- research on one of the primary functions short- and long-term memory of each of iological Sciences, Tulane University of a nervous system: the three forms. His studies have opened School of Medicine, New Orleans. For- how it processes sen- the way for the development of a realistic merly with the University of Alabama, Na- sory information for and empirical cellular neuropsychology var has been an active member of the APS perception and the that already is proving instructive for un- Program Committees and the Water and initiation of move- derstanding the human brain. Electrolyte Homeostasis Section. ment. His work has Robert W. Schrier, professor and chair- been centered on the man of medicine at the Universitv of Col- visual and oculomotor lo Health Sci- Various Career Paths systems of the brain of ences Center in Den- Led to Memberships in monkeys and he pi- ver, has been involved National Academy, IOM oneered the use of awake monkeys in the in research with acute study of the visual system. Wurtz is the and chronic renal dis- The careers paths of the 11 APS mem- chief of the laboratory he organized, the ease; abnormalities of bers recently elected to membership in the National Eye Institute’s Laboratory of Sen- sodium and water me- National Academy of Sciences and the In- sorimotor Research. tabolism in heart fail- stitute of Medicine extend into a variety of The careers of the APS members elected ure, liver, and endo- areas of research. to the Institute of Medicine include: rl crine disease; and hy- The careers of the three elected to the Francois M. Abboud, who is professor of pertension His work has resulted in 18 Academy include: ^.physiology -. and biophyics and of medicine edited books, 180 original articles, 133 in- Robert M. Berne, who is chairman and and is head of the de- vited symposia and reviews, and 84 chap- Charles Slaughter Professor of physiology partment of internal ters and monographs. at the University of medicine and director Kenneth I. Shine, dean of the UCLA Virginia Medical Cen- of the cardiovascular re- medical school, has been active in research ter, has been active in search center at the concerned with the cardiovascular physi- University of Iowa, has movement of ions in ology with a focus on been credited for dis- myocardium, particu- the role of adenosine coveries in fundamen- larly calcium, potas- in the metabolic reg- tal mechanisms of neu- sium, and magnesium ulation of blood flow rocirculatory control and for his contribu- exchange during nor- to the heart, brain, tions in the discoveries of autonomic mal physiologic states and skeletal muscle; regulation of the circulation in animals and and in the presence of the chronotropic, dromotropic, and ino- humans. myocardial hypox- tropic effects of adenosine in the heart; the His work as a cardiovascular physiolo- emia and ischemia. action of adenosine in the nervous system; gist has not only generated fundamental The research by Shine has led to the and the origin, mechanism of action, and concepts, but it also has extended these development of a model of ischemia and fate of this nucleoside. Berne, who was concepts into integrative physiology and hypoxemia in isolated perfused interven- elected APS president in 1972, has been a to the pathogenesis of disease. He recently tricular septa, which has allowed the lab- member of the Institute of Medicine since was nominated for the Association of oratory to optimize the ionic and metabolic 1979. American Medical Colleges Award for Dis- environment that is likely to enhance re- George N. Somero has been with the tinguished Research in the Biomedical Sci- covery from these two insults. The role of Scripps Institute of Oceanography since ences. glutamic and aspartic acids as substrates

150 THE PHYSIOLOGIST during hypoxia and ischemia has been U.S. Education Secretary Author of Chapter In characterized as well. His other research AR3 Handbook of Physiology interests include atria1 arrhythmias and health services aspects of cardiac care, in- Lauro F. Cavazos, the new Secretary of Cavazos, 61, was nominated by Presi- cluding length of stay for acute myocardial the U.S. Department of Education, is the dent Ronald Reagan in August to replace infarction patients and the use of the elec- author of a chapter of William J. Bennett in the nation’s top ed- trocardiogram in the evaluation of chest the APS Handbook of ucation post. Cavazos had been president pain. Physiology and a con- of Texas Tech University since 1980 and Leo K. Bustad, professor of physiology tributor to the Ameri- before that he served as dean of medicine in the College of Veterinary Medicine at can Journal of Physi- at Tufts University. He went to Tufts in Washington State ology. He is a physiol- 1964 as chairman of anatomy, having spent University, has ogist but is not a 10 years before that as professor of anat- been the author or member of APS. omy at the Medical College of Virginia. He co-author of more Cavazos wrote the was appointed dean in 1973. than 200 publica- chapter “Fine struc- He earned his Ph.D. Degree in physiol- tions on educa- ture and functional correlates of male ac- ogy in 1954 at Iowa State University and tion, energy, nutri- cessory sex glands of rodents” for the his research has been in the area of repro- tion, radiation, Handbook of Physiology, Section 7: Endo- ductive physiology. He also holds both cancer, laboratory crinology, Volume V, Male Reproductive baccalaureate and Master’s degrees in zo- animal medicine, System. ology from Texas Tech. comparative medi- cine, and the human/companion animal bond. He has been an international leader in the use of animals to help people, es- pecially the elderly and the handicapped, and is the author of the book Animals, ANNOUNCEMENTS Aging and the Aged. He is a former dean of the veterinary college. PHS Policy on Laboratory ties”warrant further studyby the Department. Jonathan E. Rhoads, professor of surgery Animals The HouseAppropriations Subcommittee on at the University of Pennsylvania, wrote Labor-HHS-Education,which requestedthe re- A program entitled “PHS Policy on the Hu- port, alreadyhas asked the HHSInspector Gen- one of the early papers on peritoneal di- mane Careand Use of LaboratoryAnimals” will eralto reviewa sampleof NIH extramuralgrants alysis and later several papers on pro- be held on December l-2,1988, at the Stouffer to determineif costsare being “well managed.” thrombin, including one in which by doing Harborplace Hotel, Baltimore, MD. It is spon- Thisreview is to includeinformation on man- hepatectomies in dogs it was shown that sored by The National Institutes of Health and power utilization, salarygrowth and procure- the prothrombin dropped very rapidly after The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, with mentpractices. the liver was removed. credits 11.5Category I AMA given on comple- Thereport-Biomedical Research: Issues Re- The research that brought him the most tion. Information: Program Director, Office of latedto IncreasingSize of NIH GrantAwards- recognition, however, was his work in nu- Continuing Education,The Johns Hopkins Uni- isavailable from the GAO, 202-275-6241. trition on surgical patients that resulted in versitySchool of Medicine,720 Rutland Avenue, papers from the 1930s through the 1970s. Turner22, Baltimore,MD 21205.Phone: (301) His research helped to break through the 955-2959. American College of Sports equilibrium barrier and found ways of giv- Medicine Annual Meeting ing enough in the way of nutrients to bring Grant Costs Increasing, Theannual meeting of theAmerican College most postoperative patients into strongly Study Finds of SportsMedicine, New England Chapter, will be held November3-4, 1988,at the Sheraton- positive nitrogen balance so that it was The GeneralAccounting Office (GAO) re- Lincoln Inn, Worcester, MA. Information: possible to repair nutritional deficits by the cently releasedits reporton the increasingcost intravenous route. SharonPeachey, Boston University, 36 Cum- of NIH grants.The reportfound that whileover- mingtonStreet, Boston, MA02215. Phone: (617) all NIH fundingrose 54 percentbetween FY 353-2717. 1983and FY 1987,funding for researchproject grantsrose 65 percent.At the sametime, the numberof thesegrants increased by I6 percent New LSRO Study to 19,480,and their averagecost rose 42.7 per- cent to $176,700. The Life SciencesResearch Office, FASEB, is Severalfactors were identifiedby GAO that undertakingastudy on “Criteriafor Determining might explainthe increasesin grantcosts, in- the RegulatoryStatus of Foodand FoodIngre- cluding the increasingrate of the cost of dientsProduced by NovelTechnologies” for the biomedicalresearch compared to the general Centerfor FoodSafety and Applied Nutrition of inflationrate; the numberand mix of competing the Foodand Drug Administration (FDA). An ad and noncompetinggrants; increased personnel hoc ExpertPanel will be convenedto review costs;indirect costs; the increasingcomplexity andevaluate accepted concepts of food manu- of research,and the increaseduse of humanor facturing,including nutritional,toxicological, animalsubjects in research. and food technologicalconsiderations and The reportnoted that NIH andPublic Health evolvingconcepts of biotechnologyas they ap- Serviceattempts to studythese factors are “in- ply to food bioprocessingand bioproduction. conclusiveand generallyinsufficient.” It con- The Panelwill alsoconsider the rangeof issues cludedthat this lack of informationand “limited associatedwith the possibilityfor introduction NIH and HHSmonitoring and auditingactivi- of “significantchange” in foodsor food ingre-

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