DOCSLIB.ORG

Slava-Gerovitch-Voices-Of-The-Soviet

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Slava-Gerovitch-Voices-Of-The-Soviet PALGRAVE STUDIES IN THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY James Rodger Fleming (Colby College) and Roger D. Launius (National Air and Space Museum), Series Editors This series presents original, high-quality, and accessible works at the cut- ting edge of scholarship within the history of science and technology. Books in the series aim to disseminate new knowledge and new perspectives about the history of science and technology, enhance and extend education, foster public understanding, and enrich cultural life. Collectively, these books will break down conventional lines of demarcation by incorporating historical perspectives into issues of current and ongoing concern, offering interna- tional and global perspectives on a variety of issues, and bridging the gap between historians and practicing scientists. In this way they advance schol- arly conversation within and across traditional disciplines but also to help define new areas of intellectual endeavor. Published by Palgrave Macmillan: Continental Defense in the Eisenhower Era: Nuclear Antiaircraft Arms and the Cold War By Christopher J. Bright Confronting the Climate: British Airs and the Making of Environmental Medicine By Vladimir Jankovic´ Globalizing Polar Science: Reconsidering the International Polar and Geophysical Years Edited by Roger D. Launius, James Rodger Fleming, and David H. DeVorkin Eugenics and the Nature-Nurture Debate in the Twentieth Century By Aaron Gillette John F. Kennedy and the Race to the Moon By John M. Logsdon A Vision of Modern Science: John Tyndall and the Role of the Scientist in Victorian Culture By Ursula DeYoung Searching for Sasquatch: Crackpots, Eggheads, and Cryptozoology By Brian Regal Inventing the American Astronaut By Matthew H. Hersch The Nuclear Age in Popular Media: A Transnational History Edited by Dick van Lente Exploring the Solar System: The History and Science of Planetary Exploration Edited by Roger D. Launius The Sociable Sciences: Darwin and His Contemporaries in Chile By Patience A. Schell The First Atomic Age: Scientists, Radiations, and the American Public, 1895–1945 By Matthew Lavine NASA in the World: Fifty Years of International Collaboration in Space By John Krige, Angelina Long Callahan, and Ashok Maharaj Empire and Science in the Making: Dutch Colonial Scholarship in Comparative Global Perspective Edited by Peter Boomgaard Anglo-American Connections in Japanese Chemistry: The Lab as Contact Zone By Yoshiyuki Kikuchi Eismitte in the Scientific Imagination: Knowledge and Politics at the Center of Greenland By Janet Martin-Nielsen Climate, Science, and Colonization: Histories from Australia and New Zealand Edited by James Beattie, Matthew Henry and Emily O’Gorman The Surveillance Imperative: Geosciences during the Cold War and Beyond By Simone Turchetti and Peder Roberts Post-Industrial Landscape Scars By Anna Storm Voices of the Soviet Space Program: Cosmonauts, Soldiers, and Engineers Who Took the USSR into Space By Slava Gerovitch Voices of the Soviet Space Program Cosmonauts, Soldiers, and Engineers Who Took the USSR into Space Slava Gerovitch ISBN 978-1-349-50296-7 ISBN 978-1-137-48179-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137481795 VOICES OF THE SOVIET SPACE PROGRAM Copyright © Slava Gerovitch, 2014. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-48178-8 All rights reserved. First published in 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS NOTICE This work was authored by Slava Gerovitch under Contract No. NAS1- 02081 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting this manuscript for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Voices of the Soviet space program : cosmonauts, soldiers, and engineers who took the USSR into space / by Slava Gerovitch. pages cm Interviews translated from Russian. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Aerospace engineers—Soviet Union—Interviews. 2. Aerospace engineers—Soviet Union—Biography. 3. Astronautics—Soviet Union— History—Sources. I. Gerovitch, Slava. TL539.V65 2014 629.4092247—dc23 2014024994 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: December 2014 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To the memory of the polar explorer and space history enthusiast Valery Spitkovsky This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Figures ix Note on Transliteration xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction Multiple Perspectives on Soviet Space History 1 Part I The Soldiers Chapter 1 Commanding Officer Abram Krayzman 19 Chapter 2 Construction Engineer Sergey Safro 27 Part II The Engineers Chapter 3 Engine Designer Anatoliy Daron 39 Chapter 4 Guidance Engineer Sergei Khrushchev 67 Chapter 5 Control Engineer Georgiy Priss 77 Chapter 6 Radio Engineer Felix Meschansky 99 Chapter 7 Display Designer Yuriy Tyapchenko 107 Chapter 8 Computer Designer Viktor Przhiyalkovskiy 127 viii CONTENTS Part III The Cosmonauts Chapter 9 “Cosmonaut 13”: Vladimir Shatalov 143 Chapter 10 Test Cosmonaut Mikhail Burdayev 179 Chapter 11 Scientist Cosmonaut Ordinard Kolomiytsev 205 Chapter 12 “Second Backup”: Valentina Ponomareva 217 Chapter 13 Stress Psychiatrist Ada Ordyanskaya 237 Notes 243 Selected Bibliography 285 Index 291 Figures 1.1 Abram Krayzman and Valery Spitkovsky, 2008 19 2.1 Sergey Safro, 2009 27 3.1 Anatoliy Daron 39 3.2 Anatoliy Daron at work in Glushko’s design bureau 45 3.3 Anatoliy Daron 50 4.1 Sergei Khrushchev, 1990s 67 6.1 Felix Meschansky, 2009 99 7.1 Yuriy Tyapchenko at the Specialized Experimental Design Bureau of Space Technology, 2002 107 8.1 Viktor Przhiyalkovskiy, 2002 127 10.1 Mikhail Burdayev on board a sea ship, 1973 179 10.2 Mikhail Burdayev and Vladimir Alekseyev at the funeral of cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov, 1967 183 10.3 Mikhail Burdayev after zero gravity and stress tests, 1971 188 10.4 Mikhail Burdayev during zero gravity training, 1972 191 10.5 Mikhail Burdayev during a zero gravity flight, 1975 196 10.6 Mikhail Burdayev receives the Order of Honor from acting president Vladimir Putin, 2000 201 12.1 Valentina Ponomareva, 2002 217 12.2 Valentina Ponomareva in uniform 221 12.3 Tatyana Kuznetsova, Irina Solovyeva, Valentina Tereshkova, and Valentina Ponomareva 223 12.4 Valentina Ponomareva in parachute gear 227 12.5 Valentina Ponomareva in spacesuit 231 13.1 Ada Ordyanskaya, 2014 237 This page intentionally left blank Note on Transliteration To ensure consistency in publications on Soviet space history, this vol- ume uses the same modification of the US Board on Geographic Names system (also known as the University of Chicago system) for transliterating Russian names and terms, as used in Asif A. Siddiqi, Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974, NASA SP-2000–4408 (Washington, DC: NASA, 2000), and in Boris Chertok, Rockets and People, NASA SP-2005/2006/2009/2011–4110, 4 vols. (Washington, DC: NASA, 2005–2011). Russian alphabet Modified US Board on Geographic Names system А, а a Б, б b В, в v Г, г g Д, д d Е, е ye [initally and after vowels] / e Ё, ё ye [initally and after vowels] / e Ж, ж zh З, з z И, и i Й, й y К, к k Л, л l М, м m н Н, n xii NOTE ON TRANSLITERATION О, о o П, п p Р, р r С, с s Т, т t У, у u Ф, ф f Х, х kh Ц, ц ts Ч, ч ch Ш, ш sh Щ, щ shch ъ Ы, ы y ь Э, э e Ю, ю yu Я, я ya The modifications are as follows: M Russian letters “ъ” and “ь” are not transliterated, for ease of reading; M Russian letter “ë” is denoted by the English “e” (or “ye” initally and after vowels). Exceptions to these rules were made for the names of those individu- als who preferred a different spelling, for example, Sergei Khrushchev, Felix Meschansky, and Valery Spitkovsky. Acknowledgments Interviews in this collection have been accumulated over several con- secutive oral history projects. The first interviews were obtained dur- ing my trip to Russia in 2002 under the History of Recent Science and Technology (HRST) project, funded by the Sloan Foundation and the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology. I am thankful to David Mindell, who led a historical study of the Apollo Guidance Computer under the HRST project and involved me in interviewing American space veterans, and then encouraged me to expand the study into the history of the Soviet space program. Two more trips to Russia in 2004 and 2006 were made under the proj- ects, “Trusting the Machine: On-board Computing, Automation, and Human Control in the Soviet Space Program” (2003–2005) and “Designing a Cosmonaut: The Technopolitics of Automation in the Soviet Human Space Program” (2006–2007), funded by the National Science Foundation. Finally, in the years 2008–2010, additional inter- views were collected, annotated, and prepared for publication under the project, “Oral History of the Soviet Space Program,” supported by the NASA History Program. I wish to thank William P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Shuttle-Mir Rendezvous & [Locking Missions
    / tv -t_ ---Fi>{ NASA-TM-II2692 • _7, w- -_ ° ;: Fourth Report of the Task Force on the Shuttle-Mir Rendezvous & [locking Missions March 1, 1995 A Task Force of the NASA Advisory Council THOMAS P. STAFFORD 1006 Cameron Street Alexandria, VA 22314 March 1, 1995 Dr. Bradford Paxkinson Chairman, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advisory Council National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546-0001 Dear Dr. Parkinson: Enclosed is the fourth report of the NAC Task Force on the Shuttle-Mir Rendezvous and Docking Missions. This report is the culmination of a two and one-half month review of preparations in Russia for the Phase 1A missions (Soyuz TM-21, Mir 18 Main Expedition, and STS-71). Once again the Task Force received tremendous support from many individuals and organizations at NASA. The same applied to our site visits in Russia where we were met with an openness and candor which served to reinforce our confidence in the ultimate success of the upcoming missions. Over the next two months, the Task Force will be focusing its efforts in two areas. The first are the preparations for STS-71, including the status of the Orbiter Docking System and the analysis of data produced by the STS-63 mission. The second area is the NASA and NASA contractor presence in Russia, including the interaction of Phase 1 and Phase 2 personnel, NASA and contractor functions, and the transition from Phase 1 to Phase 2. Sincerely, Thomas P. Stafford CC: NASA/HQ/Code A/Mr. Goldin NASA/HQ/Code A/Gen. Dailey NASA/HQ/Code A/Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001
    Cumulated Bibliography of Biographies of Ocean Scientists Deborah Day, Scripps Institution of Oceanography Archives Revised December 3, 2001. Preface This bibliography attempts to list all substantial autobiographies, biographies, festschrifts and obituaries of prominent oceanographers, marine biologists, fisheries scientists, and other scientists who worked in the marine environment published in journals and books after 1922, the publication date of Herdman’s Founders of Oceanography. The bibliography does not include newspaper obituaries, government documents, or citations to brief entries in general biographical sources. Items are listed alphabetically by author, and then chronologically by date of publication under a legend that includes the full name of the individual, his/her date of birth in European style(day, month in roman numeral, year), followed by his/her place of birth, then his date of death and place of death. Entries are in author-editor style following the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 14th ed., 1993). Citations are annotated to list the language if it is not obvious from the text. Annotations will also indicate if the citation includes a list of the scientist’s papers, if there is a relationship between the author of the citation and the scientist, or if the citation is written for a particular audience. This bibliography of biographies of scientists of the sea is based on Jacqueline Carpine-Lancre’s bibliography of biographies first published annually beginning with issue 4 of the History of Oceanography Newsletter (September 1992). It was supplemented by a bibliography maintained by Eric L. Mills and citations in the biographical files of the Archives of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD.
    [Show full text]
  • Alactic Observer
    alactic Observer G John J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 14, No. 2 February 2021 International Space Station transit of the Moon Composite image: Marc Polansky February Astronomy Calendar and Space Exploration Almanac Bel'kovich (Long 90° E) Hercules (L) and Atlas (R) Posidonius Taurus-Littrow Six-Day-Old Moon mosaic Apollo 17 captured with an antique telescope built by John Benjamin Dancer. Dancer is credited with being the first to photograph the Moon in Tranquility Base England in February 1852 Apollo 11 Apollo 11 and 17 landing sites are visible in the images, as well as Mare Nectaris, one of the older impact basins on Mare Nectaris the Moon Altai Scarp Photos: Bill Cloutier 1 John J. McCarthy Observatory In This Issue Page Out the Window on Your Left ........................................................................3 Valentine Dome ..............................................................................................4 Rocket Trivia ..................................................................................................5 Mars Time (Landing of Perseverance) ...........................................................7 Destination: Jezero Crater ...............................................................................9 Revisiting an Exoplanet Discovery ...............................................................11 Moon Rock in the White House....................................................................13 Solar Beaming Project ..................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space
    SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space December 1983 NTIS order #PB84-181437 Recommended Citation: SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space–A Technical Mere- orandum (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA- TM-STI-14, December 1983). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 83-600624 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword As the other major spacefaring nation, the Soviet Union is a subject of interest to the American people and Congress in their deliberations concerning the future of U.S. space activities. In the course of an assessment of Civilian Space Stations, the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) has undertaken a study of the presence of Soviets in space and their Salyut space stations, in order to provide Congress with an informed view of Soviet capabilities and intentions. The major element in this technical memorandum was a workshop held at OTA in December 1982: it was the first occasion when a significant number of experts in this area of Soviet space activities had met for extended unclassified discussion. As a result of the workshop, OTA prepared this technical memorandum, “Salyut: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space. ” It has been reviewed extensively by workshop participants and others familiar with Soviet space activities. Also in December 1982, OTA wrote to the U. S. S. R.’s Ambassador to the United States Anatoliy Dobrynin, requesting any information concerning present and future Soviet space activities that the Soviet Union judged could be of value to the OTA assess- ment of civilian space stations.
    [Show full text]
  • Alactic Observer Gjohn J
    alactic Observer GJohn J. McCarthy Observatory Volume 5, No. 2 February 2012 Belly of the Beast At the center of the Milky Way galaxy, a gas cloud is on a perilous journey into a supermassive black hole. As the cloud stretches and accelerates, it gives away the location of its silent predator. For more information , see page 9 inside, or go to http://www.nasa.gov/ centers/goddard/news/topstory/2008/ blackhole_slumber.html. Credit: NASA/CXC/MIT/Frederick K. Baganoff et al. The John J. McCarthy Observatory Galactic Observvvererer New Milford High School Editorial Committee 388 Danbury Road Managing Editor New Milford, CT 06776 Bill Cloutier Phone/Voice: (860) 210-4117 Production & Design Phone/Fax: (860) 354-1595 Allan Ostergren www.mccarthyobservatory.org Website Development John Gebauer JJMO Staff Marc Polansky It is through their efforts that the McCarthy Observatory has Josh Reynolds established itself as a significant educational and recreational Technical Support resource within the western Connecticut community. Bob Lambert Steve Barone Allan Ostergren Dr. Parker Moreland Colin Campbell Cecilia Page Dennis Cartolano Joe Privitera Mike Chiarella Bruno Ranchy Jeff Chodak Josh Reynolds Route Bill Cloutier Barbara Richards Charles Copple Monty Robson Randy Fender Don Ross John Gebauer Ned Sheehey Elaine Green Gene Schilling Tina Hartzell Diana Shervinskie Tom Heydenburg Katie Shusdock Phil Imbrogno Jon Wallace Bob Lambert Bob Willaum Dr. Parker Moreland Paul Woodell Amy Ziffer In This Issue THE YEAR OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM ................................ 4 SUNRISE AND SUNSET .................................................. 11 OUT THE WINDOW ON YOUR LEFT ............................... 5 ASTRONOMICAL AND HISTORICAL EVENTS ...................... 11 FRA MAURA ................................................................ 5 REFERENCES ON DISTANCES .......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Space in Central and Eastern Europe
    EU 4+ SPACE IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE EUROPEAN SPACE ENDEAVOUR Report 5, September 2007 Charlotte Mathieu, ESPI European Space Policy Institute Report 5, September 2007 1 Short Title: ESPI Report 5, September 2007 Editor, Publisher: ESPI European Space Policy Institute A-1030 Vienna, Schwarzenbergplatz 6 Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel.: +43 1 718 11 18 - 0 Fax - 99 Copyright: ESPI, September 2007 This report was funded, in part, through a contract with the EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA). Rights reserved - No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “source: ESPI Report 5, September 2007. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. Price: 11,00 EUR Printed by ESA/ESTEC Compilation, Layout and Design: M. A. Jakob/ESPI and Panthera.cc Report 5, September 2007 2 EU 4+ Executive Summary ....................................................................................... 5 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………7 Part I - The New EU Member States Introduction................................................................................................... 9 1. What is really at stake for Europe? ....................................................... 10 1.1. The European space community could benefit from a further cooperation with the ECS ................................................................. 10 1.2. However, their economic weight remains small in the European landscape and they still suffer from organisatorial and funding issues .... 11 1.2.1. Economic weight of the ECS in Europe ........................................... 11 1.2.2. Reality of their impact on competition ............................................ 11 1.2.3. Foreign policy issues ................................................................... 12 1.2.4. Internal challenges ..................................................................... 12 1.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Museums Visit More Than 80 Million Visitors, 1/3 of Who Are Visitors Under 18
    Moscow 4 There are more than 3000 museums (and about 72 000 museum workers) in Russian Moscow region 92 Federation, not including school and company museums. Every year Russian museums visit more than 80 million visitors, 1/3 of who are visitors under 18 There are about 650 individual and institutional members in ICOM Russia. During two last St. Petersburg 117 years ICOM Russia membership was rapidly increasing more than 20% (or about 100 new members) a year Northwestern region 160 You will find the information aboutICOM Russia members in this book. All members (individual and institutional) are divided in two big groups – Museums which are institutional members of ICOM or are represented by individual members and Organizations. All the museums in this book are distributed by regional principle. Organizations are structured in profile groups Central region 192 Volga river region 224 Many thanks to all the museums who offered their help and assistance in the making of this collection South of Russia 258 Special thanks to Urals 270 Museum creation and consulting Culture heritage security in Russia with 3M(tm)Novec(tm)1230 Siberia and Far East 284 © ICOM Russia, 2012 Organizations 322 © K. Novokhatko, A. Gnedovsky, N. Kazantseva, O. Guzewska – compiling, translation, editing, 2012 [email protected] www.icom.org.ru © Leo Tolstoy museum-estate “Yasnaya Polyana”, design, 2012 Moscow MOSCOW A. N. SCRiAbiN MEMORiAl Capital of Russia. Major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation center of Russia and the continent MUSEUM Highlights: First reference to Moscow dates from 1147 when Moscow was already a pretty big town.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethics of Animal Research – Teacher Notes
    The Ethics of Animal Research – Teacher Notes The previous lesson showed the extensive use of animals in the early days of space research and even today to further our understanding of the space environment. This raises important questions about the ethics of using animals in research. The use of animals in scientific experimentation has always been, and will always be a controversial subject. It is however an unavoidable fact that without animal research we would know far less about biology, diseases and medical conditions that affect humans and other animals. While researchers agree that animals should only be used when there is no known alternative and they should be treated with humane respect to avoid suffering, the scientific community continue to agree that the historical use of animals in research has allowed the development of medical treatment, surgical techniques, vaccines and the advancement of science in other areas. As we know animals were used extensively to serve as surrogates for human beings in the early days of spaceflight to learn vital information about the environment. In recent times, although animals continue to be used in space research, valid arguments about animal suffering have led to great improvements in their treatment. It is estimated that between 50 and 100 million animals are used in research experiments every year. Animals used in testing come from a variety of sources. While many animals, particularly worms and rats, may be purpose bred for testing other animals are still caught in the wild. Opponents to animal testing argue that it is cruel and unnecessary, that the results never reliably predict the reaction of human physiology and that animals have the same right as humans not to be used for experimentation.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SOVIET MOON PROGRAM in the 1960S, the United States Was Not the Only Country That Was Trying to Land Someone on the Moon and Bring Him Back to Earth Safely
    AIAA AEROSPACE M ICRO-LESSON Easily digestible Aerospace Principles revealed for K-12 Students and Educators. These lessons will be sent on a bi-weekly basis and allow grade-level focused learning. - AIAA STEM K-12 Committee. THE SOVIET MOON PROGRAM In the 1960s, the United States was not the only country that was trying to land someone on the Moon and bring him back to Earth safely. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, also called the Soviet Union, also had a manned lunar program. This lesson describes some of it. Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS): ● Discipline: Engineering Design ● Crosscutting Concept: Systems and System Models ● Science & Engineering Practice: Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions GRADES K-2 K-2-ETS1-1. Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or improved object or tool. Have you ever been busy doing something when somebody challenges you to a race? If you decide to join the race—and it is usually up to you whether you join or not—you have to stop what you’re doing, get up, and start racing. By the time you’ve gotten started, the other person is often halfway to the goal. This is the sort of situation the Soviet Union found itself in when President Kennedy in 1961 announced that the United States would set a goal of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth before the end of the decade.
    [Show full text]
  • Features of Legal Support of Space Activities in Ukraine
    Features of Legal Support of Space Activities in Ukraine Dmytro Zhuravlov1 Doctor of Law, Professor. First Deputy Director of the Institute of Law and Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine) E-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2045-9631 Andrii Halunko2 Ph. D. in Law. Inspector of the public order department of the DPA HNPU in Kherson region (Kherson, Ukraine) E-mail: [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1842-2506 In the article, the authors reveal the historical and legal aspects of space activities in Ukraine. The historical and legal acts of the Ukrainian SSR and the Soviet Union, regulating the space industry, are analyzed. Considerable attention was paid to the peculiarities of legal regulation of the activities of the main space design bureaus of the time. It is concluded that the space activities of the USSR — in general and the Ukrainian SSR were provided on the basis of sublegislative normative legal acts (resolutions of the Council of Ministers and orders of the Central bodies of the Communist party). However, the lack of the national space law was offset by systematic and full funding of space activities, resulting in the Soviet Union having a powerful space industry. In the conditions of modern development, Ukraine has all the opportunities to achieve significant development of the space industry, using the positive experience of the USSR and opening access to space activities of private investment. Keywords: space activities, law, space law, space technologies, private investments, Soviet regime, launch vehicles Received: September 11, 2019; accepted: October 07, 2019 Advanced Space Law, Volume 4, 2019: 116-124.
    [Show full text]
  • The European Launchers Between Commerce and Geopolitics
    The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Report 56 March 2016 Marco Aliberti Matteo Tugnoli Short title: ESPI Report 56 ISSN: 2218-0931 (print), 2076-6688 (online) Published in March 2016 Editor and publisher: European Space Policy Institute, ESPI Schwarzenbergplatz 6 • 1030 Vienna • Austria http://www.espi.or.at Tel. +43 1 7181118-0; Fax -99 Rights reserved – No part of this report may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose with- out permission from ESPI. Citations and extracts to be published by other means are subject to mentioning “Source: ESPI Report 56; March 2016. All rights reserved” and sample transmission to ESPI before publishing. ESPI is not responsible for any losses, injury or damage caused to any person or property (including under contract, by negligence, product liability or otherwise) whether they may be direct or indirect, special, inciden- tal or consequential, resulting from the information contained in this publication. Design: Panthera.cc ESPI Report 56 2 March 2016 The European Launchers between Commerce and Geopolitics Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 1. Introduction 10 1.1 Access to Space at the Nexus of Commerce and Geopolitics 10 1.2 Objectives of the Report 12 1.3 Methodology and Structure 12 2. Access to Space in Europe 14 2.1 European Launchers: from Political Autonomy to Market Dominance 14 2.1.1 The Quest for European Independent Access to Space 14 2.1.3 European Launchers: the Current Family 16 2.1.3 The Working System: Launcher Strategy, Development and Exploitation 19 2.2 Preparing for the Future: the 2014 ESA Ministerial Council 22 2.2.1 The Path to the Ministerial 22 2.2.2 A Look at Europe’s Future Launchers and Infrastructure 26 2.2.3 A Revolution in Governance 30 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix I Lunar and Martian Nomenclature
    APPENDIX I LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE LUNAR AND MARTIAN NOMENCLATURE A large number of names of craters and other features on the Moon and Mars, were accepted by the IAU General Assemblies X (Moscow, 1958), XI (Berkeley, 1961), XII (Hamburg, 1964), XIV (Brighton, 1970), and XV (Sydney, 1973). The names were suggested by the appropriate IAU Commissions (16 and 17). In particular the Lunar names accepted at the XIVth and XVth General Assemblies were recommended by the 'Working Group on Lunar Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr D. H. Menzel. The Martian names were suggested by the 'Working Group on Martian Nomenclature' under the Chairmanship of Dr G. de Vaucouleurs. At the XVth General Assembly a new 'Working Group on Planetary System Nomenclature' was formed (Chairman: Dr P. M. Millman) comprising various Task Groups, one for each particular subject. For further references see: [AU Trans. X, 259-263, 1960; XIB, 236-238, 1962; Xlffi, 203-204, 1966; xnffi, 99-105, 1968; XIVB, 63, 129, 139, 1971; Space Sci. Rev. 12, 136-186, 1971. Because at the recent General Assemblies some small changes, or corrections, were made, the complete list of Lunar and Martian Topographic Features is published here. Table 1 Lunar Craters Abbe 58S,174E Balboa 19N,83W Abbot 6N,55E Baldet 54S, 151W Abel 34S,85E Balmer 20S,70E Abul Wafa 2N,ll7E Banachiewicz 5N,80E Adams 32S,69E Banting 26N,16E Aitken 17S,173E Barbier 248, 158E AI-Biruni 18N,93E Barnard 30S,86E Alden 24S, lllE Barringer 29S,151W Aldrin I.4N,22.1E Bartels 24N,90W Alekhin 68S,131W Becquerei
    [Show full text]