DOCSLIB.ORG

L5 News, January 1979

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
L5 News, January 1979 L-5 NEWS A PUBLICATION OF THE L-5 SOCIETY VOL. 4 NU MBER I JANUARY 1979 In this issue: Alcestis R. Oberg, Editor Jennifer L. Atkins, Assistant Editor 1 Soviets in Space After the Russian's record-breaking year of 1978, the L-5 News looks into the Soviet space effort. Carolyn H enson, William Weigle, 2 Soviets Overcome 0-g Problems W ith 140 days in space, Administrative Seroices Cosmonauts Kovalenok and lvanchenkov make medical history. /Juard uf l>irrctors: 4 Unexpected Psychological Benefit on Salyut-6 I.mar A s1111m• Life for the Moon /Ja rry (;o/d111(1frr. Sr. Robert 11. llri11lri11 Plants in a Moon Life-Support System /Jarbarn /llarx l/11bbard "Oazis" Experiment Cort/on ll. IVoodrork 5 Eggs in Space J>hilip /\. Chapma11 1l rth11r K1111trow1t: Life Support Systems Aboard Salyut-6 l\011rnd K. J>a1111r11bl'Tg Circadian Rhythms on Salyut-6 fa/w11rd U . Fi11rh. Jr. 6 Soviet Space Station Activities, 1979 J. l'f'tf'T l' ajk J111·k I>. Sa/111011 7 Russian Plans for Space Stations l/11rla11 Smith Feoktistov on Future of Orbital Stations Nori1· l/11ddl1• Space Power Stations 1\ltirk llopki11s II. A"r1th llt'mo11 8 Development Prospects of Space Facilities C11ml)'" ,\/ ri11r/ / lnmm ll'illiam ll'1'iglr 9 Heading £or Unknown Worlds In an interview, Konstantin Feoktistov l'hil/i/1 P11rkrr describes what he sees in the near future for space exploration. 10 Cosmonaut Feoktistov Comments on G. O'Neill's "Space Colonization'' 11 The Cosmo 954 Incident and International Space Law W ill the Publication office: the L -5 Society, crash of Cosmos 954 repeat itself with Skylab? Alcestis Oberg looks at the 1060 E. Elm, Tucson, Arizona problems and solutions in this precedent-setting case. 85719. Published monthly. 12 Thoughts on the Tenth Anniversary of the First Moon Flight Subscription: $12.00 pe-r year, included in dues ($20.00 per year, By James Oberg. Was there really a J960's "space race"? H ow close did students $15.00 p er year). Second the Russians come? class po.1·tage paid at Tucson. 13 Industry Leery of Production in Outer Space by Dave Dooling 1l riwna and 11dditio11al offices. Copyright © 1979 by the L-5 14 News Briefs Society. No part of this periodical Latest Shuttle Schedules may be reproduced without Chinese Space Station by 1986 by Dave Dooling w rillen consent of the L-5 Society. The opinions expressed by the French Space Shuttle by Dave Dooling authors do not necessarily reflect 15 Of Interest the policy of the L-5 Societ y. Institute for the Social Science Study of Space Membership Seroices: L -5 Society, 1620 N. Park Auen11e, Tucson, SPS Research Topics Arizona 85719. Telephone: Space Settlement Shows 6021622·6]5/. 16 Book Reviews At last a novel about a future L-5 Community! Reed D. Change of address notices, undeliverable R iner of Northern Arizona reviews Ben Bova's Colony. copies, orders for subscriptions, and other mail items are to be sent to: 17 Letters L-5 Society Membenhip Services 1620 N. Park Cover: The view that you will have when returning to your space colony Tucson, AZ 85719 in cislunar space after a vacation on Eanh. Suu tme.n1 o f ownuship, managrmcnt and circula1ion for cht other ~uril y holden. Thr L·.5 Socie1y is a oonprofit salts, 100 and 100: for mail subscriptions. 2000and 2851, (a to tal U. S. Posial Sc.-•icc required by 39 U.S.C. and filed o n 9·28· organil.alion au1horin-d lo mail at spc'dal r:urs (J)C'·r s.ttlion paid cirt ula1ion of 2100 and 2951): for frl'<.' distribution bf mail. 78. Th< L·' N.-ws. publicaiion •338090. is published mo111llly. 1,2.122. PSM). a nd thl" purpost', [unction. and nonpro£it Slatus carrier o r ocht"r mt'31l~ s;1mplt"s, comp1imcm.ary and 0 1her £rtt 12 issut-s annually. with an annual subsa-iprion prict o( S 12. of 1his o rganizalion and 1he exempt status £or Ff'deral lncomt copirs, 100 and 100; (lotal dimibuiio n 2200and '051 ): fo r o ffi tt The o ffi cr of 1hi; publication i; locaitd at 1060 E. Elm. Tucson tax purposes have not changrd d uring lhC' prret"Cling 12momhs. us.t, Ith over, un aC'roum~I. spoiled aflc:r priming, 300 and 449: ( Pima Coumy). Arirona. ~719. The L -j Nt!Ws i> publi>h<:d and 'J"hr 3\'tr.\gc a ol (Opie) each issue during the prttcding 12 and no rr1urn.s fro m newsagents. TI1ese figurt-s total tot-qua I thr. o" ·nt-d by lh< L-5 Society. loc:uod a< the above address. Carol)'n months a nd 1he ac1Ual " of copies 0 £ a single publishffl i.ssuc net pre~ run of 2500 and 5500. Tht abovr st<-ttt·mcnts are « rti· H t nson. or 1134 E~ Lester. Tucson, Arizona, 85719. is edilor and ncartst to 1hc filing datr are: for tht net press run, 2500and 3500: fitd correct and compleir by C.rolyn Meinel Htnson. managing t.-dilor. -n1t'"re an no bond holdtrs. mottgagtts, or for s.ak s through dealer and canit rs. strtt1 \'Cndors and coumtr . ~- . ~ ·1. Soviets In Space {~.: '.~~-;.,. :· .... ' · "·· ... ....,_ ... > •• ~ • • • .!, ,.·--' ..... 'I ' ~ - Fanciful Soviet cartoon of future space gardens. EDITOR ·s NOTE: 1978 has been a than in the previous six: they now hold well publicized in the West. L-5 News, significant year for the Russian space the records for the lo11gest space flight. therefore, is dedicating a large portion of program. With the operations of the greatest 11umber of total man hours in this issue to the Russian space effort Salyut 6. the Russians have moved into space. and have broken previous Salyut and to the significant and far-reaching their ·'second generation ·· of space altitude records. A11d the Russians have research that the Russians have done in stations: they have had more launches, been thinking of the future. as well. exploring the habitability of space. more visits. more activity in this one year although these news items are not very Soviets Overcome 0-g Problems Nov. 2, 1978, Cosmonauts Vladimir It would perhaps be relevant to note ducted in detail during the flieht, did not "Volodiya" Kovalenok and Aleksandr here that. as distinct from certain show any deviations from the norm "Sasha" Iuanchenkov returned from their previous observations. the initial adapta­ throughout the flight. Functional tests at record-breaking ( 139 days, 14 hrs., 48 min.) tion to weightlessness was free of dosed physical stresses and also with the Salyut-6/ Soyuz flight. After 2 weeks of in­ unpleasant sensations except for one, application of negative pressure to the tensive study of medical data gathered the sensing of a certain flow of blood to lower part of the body also showed that during and after their marathon flight, the head. And this adaptation was these reactions were adequate and, most Academician Oleg Gazenko, in a speech at completed in the first 2. or apparently no important, showed that no negative Moscow State University, gave this report: more than 3, days. It is quite possible dynamic was noted. With the passage of that this may be explained first of all, by time. the responses to these tests did not During the preparatory period, in certain individual physiological features worsen. the course of this 140-day flight. and now of the men and. secondly. by all the The objective signs of redistribution after its completion, both the cosmo­ training exercises which they carried out of the blood, revealed by rheography, nauts and the specialists who worked on during the preflight period. were observed with particular acuity the medical safeguarding of this flight Periodically, throughout the flight, during the initial phase of the flight. It must carry out very serious analysis of detailed medical research was carried was possible to register the refilling of the very voluminous and very important out on specially allocated days. This the vessels in the head and in the upper scientific material which. it can already research was carried out both when the part of the body. and the depletion of the be said, will significantly expand our cosmonauts were in a state of rest and blood in the lower part of the body. ideas of space and the people who conquer when various stressing tests were being particularly the legs. These readings it. NaLurally, this data sLill requires more carried out. The cosmonauts were leveled out somewhat in the middle part analysis, more serious study and exceptionally sensible and creative in of the flight, but, all the same, continued evaluation. so today I can present only fulfilling that great and not always to the end, although, as the cosmonauts the very first observations and some of pleasant work. involving such tasks as will relate, this did not cause them any the first results of this material. unpleasant subjective sensations. It must be noted that during this As they became accustomed to prolonged flight. the crew not only weightlessness. a new coordination of completely fulfilled the mission's scienti­ As they became accustomed motion naturally became established. fic program but, in many important This provided enough efficiency for the areas of that program. overfulfilled it, to weightlessness, a new fulfillment of all necessary working especially in the area of medical and coordination of motion . operations. An analysis of the television biological research. The scientific pro­ became established. images obtained on Eanh was conduc­ gram. as you know, was exceptionally ted.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Start of the Manned Space Race by Andrew J
    The Start of the Manned Space Race by Andrew J. LePage November 1998 Introduction of Sputnik 1 and 2 in October and November of 1957 changed everything. At the same time NACA and the USAF were studying manned spaceflight (see The Beginnings of The first Sputnik launches were to affect the manned America's Man in Space Program in the October space program in several ways. The impact the 1998 issue of SpaceViews), comparable efforts were launch of Sputnik 1 had on the West led Soviet quietly taking place independently in the Soviet Primer Nikita Khrushchev to exploit space missions Union . As with virtually every other aspect of the for their propaganda value. Development of more Soviet Union's early space program, Chief Designer advanced and spectacular missions like the manned Sergei P. Korolev and his OKB-1 (Experimental satellite program were immediately approved and Design Bureau No. 1) lead the way. All during the placed on the fast track. Also at the insistence of 1950s when Korolev and his colleague, Mikhail K. Khrushchev, Sputnik 2 was launched with a dog on Tikhonravov of NII-4 (Scientific Research Institute board. While thermal control problems marred the No. 4), were pushing their original Earth satellite mission, it did demonstrate that weightlessness would proposal, it also included plans to send probes to the not be a major hazard for a human (see Sputnik 2: Moon and men into orbit. When the satellite The First Animal in Space in the November 1997 proposal was finally adopted by the Soviet issue of SpaceViews). As a result, Korolev scrapped government on January 30, 1956, the lunar probe and his initial, more conservative approach and moved manned satellite projects were also given the green ahead with a much more aggressive plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space
    SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space December 1983 NTIS order #PB84-181437 Recommended Citation: SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space–A Technical Mere- orandum (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA- TM-STI-14, December 1983). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 83-600624 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword As the other major spacefaring nation, the Soviet Union is a subject of interest to the American people and Congress in their deliberations concerning the future of U.S. space activities. In the course of an assessment of Civilian Space Stations, the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) has undertaken a study of the presence of Soviets in space and their Salyut space stations, in order to provide Congress with an informed view of Soviet capabilities and intentions. The major element in this technical memorandum was a workshop held at OTA in December 1982: it was the first occasion when a significant number of experts in this area of Soviet space activities had met for extended unclassified discussion. As a result of the workshop, OTA prepared this technical memorandum, “Salyut: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space. ” It has been reviewed extensively by workshop participants and others familiar with Soviet space activities. Also in December 1982, OTA wrote to the U. S. S. R.’s Ambassador to the United States Anatoliy Dobrynin, requesting any information concerning present and future Soviet space activities that the Soviet Union judged could be of value to the OTA assess- ment of civilian space stations.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethics of Animal Research – Teacher Notes
    The Ethics of Animal Research – Teacher Notes The previous lesson showed the extensive use of animals in the early days of space research and even today to further our understanding of the space environment. This raises important questions about the ethics of using animals in research. The use of animals in scientific experimentation has always been, and will always be a controversial subject. It is however an unavoidable fact that without animal research we would know far less about biology, diseases and medical conditions that affect humans and other animals. While researchers agree that animals should only be used when there is no known alternative and they should be treated with humane respect to avoid suffering, the scientific community continue to agree that the historical use of animals in research has allowed the development of medical treatment, surgical techniques, vaccines and the advancement of science in other areas. As we know animals were used extensively to serve as surrogates for human beings in the early days of spaceflight to learn vital information about the environment. In recent times, although animals continue to be used in space research, valid arguments about animal suffering have led to great improvements in their treatment. It is estimated that between 50 and 100 million animals are used in research experiments every year. Animals used in testing come from a variety of sources. While many animals, particularly worms and rats, may be purpose bred for testing other animals are still caught in the wild. Opponents to animal testing argue that it is cruel and unnecessary, that the results never reliably predict the reaction of human physiology and that animals have the same right as humans not to be used for experimentation.
    [Show full text]
  • Academician Oleg G
    Academician Oleg G. Gazenko: Tribute to a Legendary Scientist and Wonderful Man Mark Nelson, Ph.D. Chairman, Institute of Ecotechnics, Director of Environmental and Space Applications, Space Biospheres Ventures and member of first biospherians crew, Biosphere 2, 1991-1993 and Head, Biospheric Design Division, Global Ecotechnics Corporation Academician Oleg G. Gazenko was a titan in the field of space biology and the physiology and adaptation of humans to extreme environments. A legendary scientist, manager and leader, his career spans the earliest breaths of Earth organisms in space to the record-setting times of Russian cosmonauts in space stations. A student of Vernadsky who understood the importance of living in space, Dr. Gazenko supported the development of closed ecological systems and bioregenerative space life support research in Russia. He also facilitated the cooperation of Russian space scientists with the Biosphere 2 project and served during the first two year closure experiment as a member of its Scientific Advisory Committee. Oleg was also a man of philosophical depth and great humor. I recall sitting on a panel in Moscow with him in 1987 on the 30th anniversary of Sputnik, the first satellite to orbit the Earth, when he observed that humans had no difficulty in adapting to microgravity, their only difficulty was in dealing with the stress of returning to Earth’s gravity. There is the story of a Russian cosmonaut who had just returned to Earth after setting the then record, six months, for living in space. Lying on his back, an admirer placed a bouquet of flowers on his chest.
    [Show full text]
  • Gill Arbuthnott • Christopher Nielsen All Rights Reserved
    To David, whose bookshelves introduced me to the rest of the universe through Asimov, Bradbury and Clarke, and who bought me that Bowie record. – GA For Rusty (the first dingo in space). – CN BIG PICTURE PRESS First published in the UK in 2019 by Big Picture Press, an imprint of Bonnier Books UK, The Plaza, 535 King’s Road, London, SW10 0SZ www.templarco.co.uk/big-picture-press www.bonnierbooks.co.uk Text copyright © 2019 by Gill Arbuthnott Illustration copyright © 2019 by Christopher Nielsen Design copyright © 2019 by Big Picture Press 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Gill Arbuthnott • Christopher Nielsen All rights reserved ISBN 978-1-78741-354-2 This book was typeset in Burford Base and Rustic, Futura and Duality The illustrations were created using a combination of traditional and digital techniques. Edited by Katie Haworth Designed by Nathalie Eyraud Production Controller: Nick Read Printed in China ;II 2019: Chinese robotic space probe r e Chang’e-4 makes first ever landing on the 2 a 0 c 1 h 8 e far side of the Moon : s T i h n e t e nturies: e V th c r 16 s – o th t vers e 15 i disco y ile l al l a G a eo g lil the paths r a dict e G pre s r to s p 2 w tile ) a ho ojec s p 6 ) f pr e ce ro o h b 6 6 e s i 6 l 8 : 1 b 6 ( y u 1 r ( y 2012: p TiMeLiNe u The Voyager I probe t i t n n v o n o reaches interstellar space i a t t e r c o w G e h f M t N 7 o f c o 1 a s a w s Is a w r L a i is L S h d n a 15th–16th centuries: Leonardo da Vinci draws designs for flying machines 1986: Russian 2000: International Last Space space station Mir Space Station
    [Show full text]
  • L5 News, April 1978
    L-5 NEWS A PUBLICATION OF THE L-5 SOCIETY VOL. 3 NUMBER 4 APRIL 1978 Carolyn Henson, Editor Membership Services: Marc Boone Jolene Aronson In this issue: Janet Tarney 1 Sunsat Energy Council Formed William Weigle Administrative Services 2 Jimmy C. Will Increase NASA’s Budget If Good Friend Jerry B. Will Take Permanent Space Walk. Board of Directors: Isaac Asimov Barry Goldwater, Sr. High Frontier Bill Introduced Robert A. Heinlein Gordon R. Woodcock 3 Convair to Design System For Space Orbit Assembly Barbara Marx Hubbard Konrad K. Dannenberg UN Committee Discusses Space Issues Hon. Edward R. Finch, Jr. James E. Oberg Tethered Satellite to be Studied Leonard David J. Peter Vajk Jack D. Salmon Art Form for Space? Phillip Parker David M. Fradin 4 Shuttle Update Romualdas Sviedrys Keith Henson 5 So You Want to be an Astronaut? Carolyn Henson William Weigle Astronaut Candidates Selected Mark Hopkins Norie Huddle Magoroh Maruyama 6 Be Your Own Astronaut Space entrepreneur Paul Siegler reports on a Harlan Smith daring plan by Robert Truax to lob people into space. Carol Motts 7 Space Mines, Space Law, and the Third World by Eric Drexler 8 Russia’s Bios-3 Mini-Colony by Phill Parker Publication office: the L-5 Society, 9 Compliments and Caveats T.A. Heppenheimer comments on the 1060 E. Elm, Tucson, Arizona Salut-6 space station. 85719. Published monthly. Subscription: $12.00 per year, Salyut-6 Facts & Figures by James E. Oberg included in dues ($20.00 per year, students $15.00 per year). Second class postage paid at Tucson, 12 OTRAG News Arizona and additional offices.
    [Show full text]
  • What the Dogs Did: Animal Agency in the Soviet Manned Space Flight
    BJHS: Themes 2:79–99, 2017. © British Society for the History of Science 2017. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. doi:10.1017/bjt.2017.9 What the dogs did: animal agency in the Soviet manned space flight programme AMY NELSON* Abstract. This paper examines the agency of the dogs used to develop the Soviet manned space flight programme by considering what the dogs did as experimental subjects, as dog technolo- gies, and as individual dogs in the context of the historically conditioned practices of Soviet science. Looking at how Soviet space researchers refined Pavlovian behaviourism and inte- grated it into a complex engineering project helps clarify the conditions under which the dogs worked and the assumptions that guided the human researchers. The paper uses theoret- ical perspectives that contextualize animal agency in terms of relationships and then looks at those relationships from an ethological perspective. This provides a sense of what the dogs did that distinguishes between how humans understand dogs and what we know about dogs’ cognitive and social capacities. The paper proposes a model of animal agency that looks seriously at the dogs’ relationships with human researchers and suggests that the dogs’ significance as historical subjects depends as much on what they did as dogs as it does on how their contributions to the space race were perceived. Among the legions of animals used in scientific research few have garnered the fame of the Soviet space dogs.
    [Show full text]
  • Soviet Reusable Space Systems Program: Implications for Space Operations in the 1990S
    ) (I ' ·-·.;;;;:, .. Dire.ctorate of . ttJ _)\ Intelligence . G0 Soviet Reusable Space Systems Program: Implications for Space Operations in the 1990s An Intelligence Assessment SOV 88-10061 sw 88-/IJOj6 Stpu'"hu J9RR Copy Warning Notice Intelligence Sources or Methods Involved (WNINTEL) National &curity Unauthorized Disclosure Information Subject to Criminal Sanctions Oissc:mination Control Abbr~riations NOFORN (NFJ Not releasable to foreien nationals NOSONTR~_CT_CN_C_I ___~N_o_t~re_lc_•_s•_b_le_t~o_c_M_l~rz~~-o_rs_o.,.r~c_o~nl_rz_c~lo_r~/c_o_ns_u_h_z_nt_s PROP IN (PRJ Caution-proprietary inform;.tion involved OR CON (OCJ Dissemination and Cltraction of inform.1tion ---···----------,--,---,---.,.---------,-----controlled by oricinator REl___ This inform3.tion h.u been :~uthorizcd for release to ... ___________,_ __ W_N ______ --:----- WNI ~TEL-Intcllia:cncc sources or mel hods involved A microfiche copy o( I his docu- Clauillcd bl men! is available front OIR/ Declassify: OADR DLB (~82-7177~ printed copies Derived from muhiplc sources from CPAS/IMC(~&l-HOJ; or AIM request to uscrid CPASIMCJ. Rceulu rcccip! of 01 reports can be am need chrouch CPAS/IMC. All material on this ~r:c . --·-------------------- is Unclassified. ') / ' Directorate or lntdligrocc Soviet Reusable Space Systems Program: Implications for Space Operations in the 1990s An lntdligcnce Assessment This paper was prepared b ,Qflicc of Soviet Anal)'sis. an<'.- ~f Science and Weapons Rescare #:ontributions fro. t?_o~ . Comments znd queries arc welcome and may be dircctcdl\0 . or to . USWR. J yrf sov 88-10061 SWS8-100l6 Scpumba 1933 I ' Soviet Reusable Space Systems Program: Implications for Space Operations in the_l990! Key Judgments The Soviets arc developing at least one, and possibly two, reusable space llffurmation availabl~ systems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hayes History Journal 2018 the Hayes History Journal 2018
    The Hayes History Journal 2018 The Hayes History Journal 2018 Editors: John Reynolds, Jacqueline Gibson, Ashley Green, Sarah Knapp, and Andrew McCormack Faculty Advisors: Dr. Alison Williams Lewin and Dr. Melissa Chakars The Hayes History Journal staff thanks Victor Taylor for his long-standing support of the Journal and student publishing at Saint Joseph’s University The Hayes History Journal is a student publication of the Department of History, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia. The Journal welcomes submissions from students at Saint Joseph’s University for its next issue. Please contact the Department of History for information regarding submissions or any editorial matters. Contents Section I - Women in History Jacqueline Gibson Eleanor of Aquitaine and Female Autonomy in Medieval Europe Ashley Green Catherine the Great and the Impact of her Reign Lauren DiAngelo The Rise, Expansion, and Flaws of the Women’s Liberation Movement and the Sexual Revolution Section II - Modernity Chelsea Smith The Bark Side of the Moon: Exploring the conflicting categorizations of the Space Race animals James Elliott The Soviet-Afghan War: The Blowback that was Afghanistan Section III - The Supernatural in History Meredith O’Reilly Leonarde’s Ghost: Why It Didn’t Become a Case of Demonic Possession John Reynolds Revered or Burnt at the Stake Gabriella Gutierrez Classifying the Thirty Years War Women in History This section moves chronologically through history, telling sto- ries of queens testing the limits of female authority and women working towards achieving equality in the twentieth century. The common theme throughout each of these pieces is not only that they involve women throughout history, but what they show about women throughout history: strength, resilience, and a will- ingness to challenge the status quo.
    [Show full text]
  • Human-Machine Issues in the Soviet Space Program1
    CHAPTER 4 HUMAN-MACHINE ISSUES IN THE SOVIET SPACE PROGRAM1 Slava Gerovitch n December 1968, Lieutenant General Nikolai Kamanin, the Deputy Chief Iof the Air Force’s General Staff in charge of cosmonaut selection and training, wrote an article for the Red Star, the Soviet Armed Forces newspaper, about the forthcoming launch of Apollo 8. He entitled his article “Unjustified Risk” and said all the right things that Soviet propaganda norms prescribed in this case. But he also kept a private diary. In that diary, he confessed what he could not say in an open publication.“Why do the Americans attempt a circumlunar flight before we do?” he asked. Part of his private answer was that Soviet spacecraft designers “over-automated” their spacecraft and relegated the cosmonaut to the role of a monitor, if not a mere passenger. The attempts to create a fully automatic control system for the Soyuz spacecraft, he believed, critically delayed its development. “We have fallen behind the United States for two or three years,” he wrote in the diary.“We could have been first on the Moon.”2 Kamanin’scriticism wassharedbymanyinthe cosmonautcorps who describedthe Soviet approach to thedivisionoffunctionbetween humanand machineas“thedominationofautomata.”3 Yet among the spacecraft designers, 1. I wish to thank David Mindell, whose work on human-machine issues in the U.S. space program provided an important reference point for my own study of a parallel Soviet story. Many ideas for this paper emerged out of discussions with David in the course of our collaboration on a project on the history of the Apollo Guidance Computer between 2001 and 2003, and later during our work on a joint paper for the 2004 annual meeting of the Society for the History of Technology in Amsterdam.
    [Show full text]
  • International Day of Human Space
    AIAA AEROSPACE M ICRO-LESSON Easily digestible Aerospace Principles revealed for K-12 Students and Educators. These lessons will be sent on a bi-weekly basis and allow grade-level focused learning. - AIAA STEM K-12 Committee. INTERNATIONAL DAY OF HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT In commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin’s pioneering trip into space, the United Nations in 2011 named April 12 to be the “International Day of Human Space Flight.” The observance started in the Soviet Union as “Cosmonautics Day” in 1962. This expanded around the world to “Yuri’s Night,” which was established in 2001 as a time for promoting public interest in space exploration. The International Day of Human Space Flight is now six years old. Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS): * Discipline: Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science. * Crosscutting Concept: Systems and System Models. * Science & Engineering Practice: Defining Problems. GRADES K-2 NGSS: Earth’s Systems: Construct an argument supported by evidence for how plants and animals (including humans) can change the environment to meet their needs. Space is a very difficult place for people to live. To begin with, not only do astronauts need to bring their own food and drink to live off, they need to bring their own air to breathe. After one takes care of those basic things, other activities like brushing one’s teeth or taking a shower are very difficult. Taking a bath is out of the question; without gravity to hold the water down in the tub, the water would splash all over the place if the astronaut tried to get into it.
    [Show full text]
  • Association of Space Explorers Collection [Schweickart] NASM
    MAIL QSC 1 From: R.SCHWEICKARTFri 3-Apr-87 11:52 FEOKTISTOV AND PRINCETON CONFERENCE 2 From: R * SCHWEICKARTFri 3-Apr-87 11:53 FEOKTISTOV AND PRINCETON CONFERENCE 3 From: R.SCHWEICKARTFri 3-Apr-87 11:54 REPEAT OF 27 JANUARY MESSAGE 4 From: ASE-USA Fri 3-Apr-87 12:14 Reply to: FEOKTISTOV AND PRINCETON CONFERENC 5 From: ASE-USA Fri 3-Apr-87 12:14 Reply to: FEOKTISTOV AND PRINCETON CONFERENC 6 From: T.WANG Fri 3-Apr-87 12:43 Acknowledgment of: CONVERSATION WITH KOKOSHI 7 From: M.NELSON Fri 3-Apr-87 13:49 July conf and NASA updates 8 From: ASE-USA Sat 4-Apr-87 1:52 communicating w/Ted on the road Read or Scan: MAIL R NOMORE HARDCO To: A.LEONOV (TCN419) Cc: ASE-USA (TCN423) Cc: R.SCHWEICKART (TCN443) From: R.SCHWEICKART (TCN443) Delivered: Fri 3-Apr-87 11:52 EST Sys 141 (17) Subject: FEOKTISTOV AND PRINCETON CONFERENCE Mail Id: IPM-141-870403-106830007 ATTENTION: OLEG MAKAROV Oleg: 10:53:39 4/3/ 1987 Based on your special request to me in Innsbruck I contacted Prof. 0 * Neill regarding the participation of Cosmonaut Feoktistov in the Princeton conference in May. Sergei Puzanov and you assured me that Feoktistov * s paper was essentially complete and would be available immediately. We agreed that it would be delivered to Peter Gladkov at the USA/Canada Institute and would be picked up on 12 February by Joel Schatz (from San Francisco) and hand carried back to the U.S. for delivery to O'Neill.
    [Show full text]