L-5 NEWS A PUBLICATION OF THE L-5 SOCIETY VOL. 4 NU MBER I JANUARY 1979 In this issue: Alcestis R. Oberg, Editor Jennifer L. Atkins, Assistant Editor 1 Soviets in Space After the Russian's record-breaking year of 1978, the L-5 News looks into the Soviet space effort. Carolyn H enson, William Weigle, 2 Soviets Overcome 0-g Problems W ith 140 days in space, Administrative Seroices Cosmonauts Kovalenok and lvanchenkov make medical history. /Juard uf l>irrctors: 4 Unexpected Psychological Benefit on Salyut-6 I.mar A s1111m• Life for the Moon /Ja rry (;o/d111(1frr. Sr. Robert 11. llri11lri11 Plants in a Moon Life-Support System /Jarbarn /llarx l/11bbard "Oazis" Experiment Cort/on ll. IVoodrork 5 Eggs in Space J>hilip /\. Chapma11 1l rth11r K1111trow1t: Life Support Systems Aboard Salyut-6 l\011rnd K. J>a1111r11bl'Tg Circadian Rhythms on Salyut-6 fa/w11rd U . Fi11rh. Jr. 6 Soviet Space Station Activities, 1979 J. l'f'tf'T l' ajk J111·k I>. Sa/111011 7 Russian Plans for Space Stations l/11rla11 Smith Feoktistov on Future of Orbital Stations Nori1· l/11ddl1• Space Power Stations 1\ltirk llopki11s II. A"r1th llt'mo11 8 Development Prospects of Space Facilities C11ml)'" ,\/ ri11r/ / lnmm ll'illiam ll'1'iglr 9 Heading £or Unknown Worlds In an interview, Konstantin Feoktistov l'hil/i/1 P11rkrr describes what he sees in the near future for space exploration. 10 Cosmonaut Feoktistov Comments on G. O'Neill's "Space Colonization'' 11 The Cosmo 954 Incident and International Space Law W ill the Publication office: the L -5 Society, crash of Cosmos 954 repeat itself with Skylab? Alcestis Oberg looks at the 1060 E. Elm, Tucson, Arizona problems and solutions in this precedent-setting case. 85719. Published monthly. 12 Thoughts on the Tenth Anniversary of the First Moon Flight Subscription: $12.00 pe-r year, included in dues ($20.00 per year, By James Oberg. Was there really a J960's "space race"? H ow close did students $15.00 p er year). Second the Russians come? class po.1·tage paid at Tucson. 13 Industry Leery of Production in Outer Space by Dave Dooling 1l riwna and 11dditio11al offices. Copyright © 1979 by the L-5 14 News Briefs Society. No part of this periodical Latest Shuttle Schedules may be reproduced without Chinese Space Station by 1986 by Dave Dooling w rillen consent of the L-5 Society. The opinions expressed by the French Space Shuttle by Dave Dooling authors do not necessarily reflect 15 Of Interest the policy of the L-5 Societ y. Institute for the Social Science Study of Space Membership Seroices: L -5 Society, 1620 N. Park Auen11e, Tucson, SPS Research Topics Arizona 85719. Telephone: Space Settlement Shows 6021622·6]5/. 16 Book Reviews At last a novel about a future L-5 Community! Reed D. Change of address notices, undeliverable R iner of Northern Arizona reviews Ben Bova's Colony. copies, orders for subscriptions, and other mail items are to be sent to: 17 Letters L-5 Society Membenhip Services 1620 N. Park Cover: The view that you will have when returning to your space colony Tucson, AZ 85719 in cislunar space after a vacation on Eanh. Suu tme.n1 o f ownuship, managrmcnt and circula1ion for cht other ~uril y holden. Thr L·.5 Socie1y is a oonprofit salts, 100 and 100: for mail subscriptions. 2000and 2851, (a to tal U. S. Posial Sc.-•icc required by 39 U.S.C. and filed o n 9·28· organil.alion au1horin-d lo mail at spc'dal r:urs (J)C'·r s.ttlion paid cirt ula1ion of 2100 and 2951): for frl'<.' distribution bf mail. 78. Th< L·' N.-ws. publicaiion •338090. is published mo111llly. 1,2.122. PSM). a nd thl" purpost', [unction. and nonpro£it Slatus carrier o r ocht"r mt'31l~ s;1mplt"s, comp1imcm.ary and 0 1her £rtt 12 issut-s annually. with an annual subsa-iprion prict o( S 12. of 1his o rganizalion and 1he exempt status £or Ff'deral lncomt copirs, 100 and 100; (lotal dimibuiio n 2200and '051 ): fo r o ffi tt The o ffi cr of 1hi; publication i; locaitd at 1060 E. Elm. Tucson tax purposes have not changrd d uring lhC' prret"Cling 12momhs. us.t, Ith over, un aC'roum~I. spoiled aflc:r priming, 300 and 449: ( Pima Coumy). Arirona. ~719. The L -j Nt!Ws i> publi>h<:d and 'J"hr 3\'tr.\gc a ol (Opie) each issue during the prttcding 12 and no rr1urn.s fro m newsagents. TI1ese figurt-s total tot-qua I thr. o" ·nt-d by lh< L-5 Society. loc:uod a< the above address. Carol)'n months a nd 1he ac1Ual " of copies 0 £ a single publishffl i.ssuc net pre~ run of 2500 and 5500. Tht abovr st<-ttt·mcnts are « rti· H t nson. or 1134 E~ Lester. Tucson, Arizona, 85719. is edilor and ncartst to 1hc filing datr are: for tht net press run, 2500and 3500: fitd correct and compleir by C.rolyn Meinel Htnson. managing t.-dilor. -n1t'"re an no bond holdtrs. mottgagtts, or for s.ak s through dealer and canit rs. strtt1 \'Cndors and coumtr . ~- . ~ ·1. Soviets In Space {~.: '.~~-;.,. :· .... ' · "·· ... ....,_ ... > •• ~ • • • .!, ,.·--' ..... 'I ' ~ - Fanciful Soviet cartoon of future space gardens. EDITOR ·s NOTE: 1978 has been a than in the previous six: they now hold well publicized in the West. L-5 News, significant year for the Russian space the records for the lo11gest space flight. therefore, is dedicating a large portion of program. With the operations of the greatest 11umber of total man hours in this issue to the Russian space effort Salyut 6. the Russians have moved into space. and have broken previous Salyut and to the significant and far-reaching their ·'second generation ·· of space altitude records. A11d the Russians have research that the Russians have done in stations: they have had more launches, been thinking of the future. as well. exploring the habitability of space. more visits. more activity in this one year although these news items are not very Soviets Overcome 0-g Problems Nov. 2, 1978, Cosmonauts Vladimir It would perhaps be relevant to note ducted in detail during the flieht, did not "Volodiya" Kovalenok and Aleksandr here that. as distinct from certain show any deviations from the norm "Sasha" Iuanchenkov returned from their previous observations. the initial adapta­ throughout the flight. Functional tests at record-breaking ( 139 days, 14 hrs., 48 min.) tion to weightlessness was free of dosed physical stresses and also with the Salyut-6/ Soyuz flight. After 2 weeks of in­ unpleasant sensations except for one, application of negative pressure to the tensive study of medical data gathered the sensing of a certain flow of blood to lower part of the body also showed that during and after their marathon flight, the head. And this adaptation was these reactions were adequate and, most Academician Oleg Gazenko, in a speech at completed in the first 2. or apparently no important, showed that no negative Moscow State University, gave this report: more than 3, days. It is quite possible dynamic was noted. With the passage of that this may be explained first of all, by time. the responses to these tests did not During the preparatory period, in certain individual physiological features worsen. the course of this 140-day flight. and now of the men and. secondly. by all the The objective signs of redistribution after its completion, both the cosmo­ training exercises which they carried out of the blood, revealed by rheography, nauts and the specialists who worked on during the preflight period. were observed with particular acuity the medical safeguarding of this flight Periodically, throughout the flight, during the initial phase of the flight. It must carry out very serious analysis of detailed medical research was carried was possible to register the refilling of the very voluminous and very important out on specially allocated days. This the vessels in the head and in the upper scientific material which. it can already research was carried out both when the part of the body. and the depletion of the be said, will significantly expand our cosmonauts were in a state of rest and blood in the lower part of the body. ideas of space and the people who conquer when various stressing tests were being particularly the legs. These readings it. NaLurally, this data sLill requires more carried out. The cosmonauts were leveled out somewhat in the middle part analysis, more serious study and exceptionally sensible and creative in of the flight, but, all the same, continued evaluation. so today I can present only fulfilling that great and not always to the end, although, as the cosmonauts the very first observations and some of pleasant work. involving such tasks as will relate, this did not cause them any the first results of this material. unpleasant subjective sensations. It must be noted that during this As they became accustomed to prolonged flight. the crew not only weightlessness. a new coordination of completely fulfilled the mission's scienti­ As they became accustomed motion naturally became established. fic program but, in many important This provided enough efficiency for the areas of that program. overfulfilled it, to weightlessness, a new fulfillment of all necessary working especially in the area of medical and coordination of motion . operations. An analysis of the television biological research. The scientific pro­ became established. images obtained on Eanh was conduc­ gram. as you know, was exceptionally ted.