What to do if you nd a ground trap Instructions for local people, hikers,

In , it is forbidden to catch, kill, transport, poison, keep in captivity foresters, hunters within a cave or deliberately disturb and remove from caves any If you notice any visitors who might be involved in capturing cave animals, try living or temporarily residing in caves. to establish contact with them. If a conversation with them or other observati- Populations of cave and other cave animals may only be disturbed with ons further strengthen your suspicion of their possibly illegal activities, please Recognise and a permit from the ministry responsible for the preservation of nature. Any inform the competent services listed on the bottom left. Detailed informa- individual illegally possessing, removing, harming, killing, exporting, importing tion about your observations (e.g. the number of people, purpose, location, car or trading a protected may be punished by a ne or imprisonment. registration number etc.) will help them with their further actions. save the animals If you suspect and you have evidence showing that individual(s) are involved in illegal catching of cave animals, inform the police. of Slovenian caves

Good practice – marking the traps in caves LIVING CAVE TREASURE – RECOGNISE AND SAVE THE ANIMALS OF SLOVENIAN CAVES Text: dr. Teo Delić, Mina Dobravc, Bojana Fajdiga, dr. Jana Laganis, Primož Presetnik Any trap for catching animals in caves Review: mag. Uršula Belaj, Mateja Blažič, Andrej Kapla, Mateja Kocjan, Jure Tičar, Martin Vernik, dr. Al Vrezec should be marked by a label containing the Photo: dr. Teo Delić, dr. Uroš Kunaver, mag. Slavko Polak, Bojana Fajdiga number of a permit issued by the ministry Design and printing: Birografika BORI LIVING CAVE TREASURE responsible for the preservation of nature or Translation: Alkemist, Translation Agency Number of copies: 1000 contact information where further detailed Published by: The Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation, september 2020 information is available. This lea et was published on the 100th anniversary of the Memorandum of the Department for Con- Speleologists and cave visitors may also sig- servation of Nature and Natural Monuments. It was published in the framework of the “For Karst” proj- ect (OP20.01465), as a part of activities which contribute to the improvement of the conservation status ni cantly contribute to the preservation of of the Slenderneck , qualifying species in the special area of conservation Karst (Natura 2000 area caves and subterranean animals. Should you SI3000276). The lea et was produced in cooperation with the Slovenian Environment Agency, Society for nd unmarked ground traps in caves, please Primer označene pasti. Cave Exploration, , the Caving Club Črni galeb Prebold, the Speleologist Association of Slovenia, the Ministry of the Interior RS – the police, the National Institute of Biology, the Speleology Group at the follow the instructions on the bottom. An example of a marked trap Biotechnical Faculty and Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for Nature Conservation. This is a revised and supplemented Living Cave Treasure lea et published by the Society for Cave Exploration, Ljubljana in 2008.

What to do if you find unmarked traps in a karst cave 1. Do NOT touch the trap unless necessary. 2. Take a picture of the trap. A SLO LIK V B E U N I P J

E A 3. Do not remove the trap from the cave. R

P A 4. Report the trap to the police or the Inspectorate of the Republic of OLICIJ Slovenia for Environment and Spatial Planning immediately. 5. Report the found trap to the Institute of the Republic of Slovenia for The investment is co- nanced by the Republic of Slovenia and the European Union under the European Nature Conservation ([email protected]). Regional Development Fund With several hundred species of subterranean animals, Slovenia is one of the Cave beetles in Slovenia Can subterranean animals be endangered? richest environments in the world. That number includes animals adapted to the subterranean life. These animals are partially or completely blind, are Slovenia is where it was discovered that animals can also live underground. Subterranean animals are mostly endangered by changes on the surface. Human uncoloured or have signi cantly reduced pigmentation, and mostly have The rst cave beetle was found in the . The discovery of slen- interference and activities, such as urbanisation, changes in water management, elongated appendages. derneck beetle (Leptodirus hochenwartii Schmidt, 1832) raised awareness of the groundwater pumping, spilling of chemical and other dangerous substances and Compared to terrestrial ecosystems, subterranean ecosystems are simpler. Food existence of true subterranean animals. This discovery spurred systematic re- soil fertilization have a particular impact on them. One must also not forget the sources in caves are scarce, yet numerous diverse and peculiar organisms search into subterrestrial fauna and cave ecosystems. pollution of caves with waste, including dangerous waste that may contaminate drinking water and aect our health. live there. Besides the renowned or blind cave salamander, many species The properties of the bedrock platform, surface diversity, geological processes of mollusc, arachnids, crustaceans, millipedes, beetles and other animals live in and climatic changes in the past have limited the living environment of certain Due to their limited dispersal abilities, all cave animals are statutorily protected Slovenian caves. Crustaceans and beetles particularly stand out in terms of their species to very small areas. These are our endemic species, which means they and catching them is not allowed without an appropriate permit. diversity and the number of species. cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Many species are known from only Cave beetles, captured in ground traps, are particularly threatened by illegal one cave. Such caves are extremely important on a global level, as their protecti- capturing from nature. These traps are mostly plastic or glass pots containing on is crucial to preserving these globally unique species. bait and preservative solution. The traps can be set in caves for several months, In Slovenia, more than 175 dierent cave beetle species and subspecies have been catching many beetles and other underground animals. found. Even after 180 years, we still have not discovered all of them, with scientists Illegal animal capturing is nonprofessional currently discovering and describing new species not yet known to science. and unmonitored and consequently harms the local underground animal populations.

Blind cave salamander Leiodid beetle Eyeless ground beetle (Proteus anguinus) (Pretneria latitarsis) (Typhlotrechus bilimeki)

Cave millipede Postojna cave pseudoscorpion Bole’s cave aquatic »pillbug« (Haasia stenopodium) (Neobisium spelaeum) (Monolistra bolei)

Ground beetle traps found in a cave

Slender-legged blind amphipod Postojna cave snail Cave leech Slenderneck beetle (Leptodirus hochenwartii) Illegal or unmarked traps in plastic pots (Niphargus stenopus) (Zospeum spelaeum) (Dina sp.) are well concealed and hard to spot