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Economic Evaluation of Regional Park Škocjanske

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Economic Evaluation of Regional Park Škocjanske ECOSYSTEM SERVICES EVALUATION IN THE ŠKOCJAN CAVES REGIONAL PARK Contracting authority: Contractor: World Wide Fund for Nature Actum, d.o.o. Via Po, 25C Rome Verovškova 60, Ljubljana Italy Slovenia Ljubljana, October 2011 AUTHORS ACTUM, LTD. E‐mail: [email protected] Address: Verovškova 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Internet: www.actum.si Contact: Jasmina Žujo Telephone: +386 (0)590 80 999 Fax: +386 (0)590 80 941 E‐mail: [email protected] Miha Marinšek Telephone: +386 (0)590 80 990 Fax: +386 (0)590 80 941 E‐mail: [email protected] REVIEW WWF Mediterranean Programme Office E‐mail: [email protected] Address: Via Po, 25C, 00198 – Rome, Italy Internet: www.panda.org/mediterranean Project supervisor: Stella Šatalić, Telephone: +385 1 2361 653 E‐mail: [email protected] 2 DISCLAMER This document only reflects the views of the authors and the WWF Managing Authority cannot be held responsible for any use of the information contained therein. CONTRACTING AUTHORITY WWF – World Wide Fund for Nature FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY The study has been made in the framework of the project Protected Areas for a Living Planet – Dinaric Arc Eco‐region Project. The aim of developing and conducting the study on ecosystem services evaluation in the Škocjan Caves Regional Park was to increase the capacity of the protected area management. THANKS We would like to thank everyone who participated in the study and information gathering. Our thanks go to: personnel of the Škocjan Caves Regional Park (Rosana Cerkvenik, Jana Martinčič, Gordana Beltram, Borut Peric, Vanja Debevec, Borut Lozej and Edi Polh), Andrej Mihevc, PhD., at the Karst Research Institute, hunter Andrej Sila, a paid employer of the Slovenia Forest Service in Sežana, Branka Gasparič of the Slovenia Forest Service, Jože Smrdelj, Head of Sales for the forestry sector, a paid employer of Gozdno gospodarstvo Postojna, Franetič Jože, Director of the Anglers Association Ilirska Bistrica, Slava Sosič, Marketing Director at Kraške poti Ltd., Ivan Ateljšek, President of the Beekeepers Association of Sežana, Primož Presetnik, President of the Cave Exploration Society of Ljubljana, Matjaž Pogačnik, former president of the Cave Exploration Society of Ljubljana, Borut Lozej at the Caving Club Gregor Žiberna Divača, Davorin Preisinger of the Cave Exploration Society of Ljubljana, Bogdan Gerzej at Climbing club Divača, Alenka Petrinjak at the Slovenian Association for Bat Research and Conservation, Nevenka Pfajfar at the Bird Watching and Bird Study Association of Slovenia, Tjaša Pogačnik at the Biological Society of Slovenia, Sandi Fedrigo, livestock owner, restaurant owners in the Škocjan Caves Regional Park and in the Divača Municipality, Alojzij Dremelj, Coordinator of Transportation at Slovenian Railways, Ltd., Katja Fedrigo at the Škocjan Tourist Society, Iztok Osojnik, President of the Literary Association IA, Joško Valečič from the Tourist, Cultural and Sports Association Dane and Kačiče‐Pared, Mirjam Frankovič Franetič at Tourist, Cultural and Sports Association Urbanščica, Damjana Gustinčič, Headmaster of Dr. Bogomir Magajne Primary School in Divača, Špela Petelin and Elizabeta Gabrijelčič at the Institute for Water of the Republic of Slovenia, Mateja Žvikart at the Institute for Nature Conservation of the Republic of Slovenia. Special thanks go to Jana Kus Veenvliet at Institute Symbiosis, Gordana Beltram, PhD., Director of the Public Agency "Park Škocjanske jame, Slovenija", Peter Glaves, PhD., Enterprise Fellow at Northumbria University and Alianta, d.o.o., for the development of workshops. 3 ABBREVIATIONS EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPO Ecologically Important area ES Ecosystem Services EU European Union GPP Gross Primary Production GVA Gross Value Added HD Hunting District MAB Man and Biosphere MAE Millennium Ecosystem Assessment MV Market Value NGO Non‐Governmental Organization NPP Net Primary Production PA Protected Area RP The Škocjan Caves Regional Park SCI Site of Community Importance SPA Special Protected Area TEEB The Economics of Ecosystems & Biodiversity TEV Total Economic Value TSV Total Service Value UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 4 CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. 9 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 10 3. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 11 4. GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE ŠKOCJAN CAVES REGIONAL PARK .................................................. 13 5. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF THE ŠKOCJAN CAVES REGIONAL PARK ........................................................ 15 5.1. Introduction to ecosystem services ..................................................................................................... 15 5.2. Classification of ecosystem services..................................................................................................... 16 5.3. Overview of ecosystem services in the Regional Park and their significance ...................................... 19 5.4. Ecosystem services and the current protection regime of the Regional Park ..................................... 25 6. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES VALUATION IN THE REGIONAL PARK ................................................................ 31 6.1. Introduction to ecosystem services valuation ..................................................................................... 31 6.2. Ecosystem services valuation methods ................................................................................................ 31 6.3. Conducting an ecosystem service evaluation study ............................................................................ 35 6.3.1. Choosing the appropriate ecosystem services valuation approach ........................................... 35 6.3.2. Identifying key stakeholders and their involvement .................................................................. 35 6.3.3. Defining protected areas ............................................................................................................ 35 6.3.4. Identifying and prioritising ecosystem services .......................................................................... 35 6.3.5. Quantification of the capacity of protected area to provide ecosystem services on a sustainable basis 35 6.3.6. Identifying and obtaining information required for the ecosystem services valuation ............. 35 6.3.7. Ecosystem services quantification .............................................................................................. 36 6.3.8. Implementing the appropriate appraisal method ...................................................................... 39 6.3.9. Communicating protected area values ....................................................................................... 39 6.4. Ecosystem service evaluation process and methods used in this study .............................................. 40 6.4.1. Ecosystem services valuation approach ..................................................................................... 40 6.4.2. Stakeholders analysis and involvement ...................................................................................... 40 6.4.3. Areas considered in this study .................................................................................................... 40 6.4.4. Ecosystem services in the Škocjan Caves Regional Park ............................................................. 41 6.4.5. The capacity of the Škocjan Caves Regional Park to provide ecosystem services on a sustainable basis 44 6.4.6. Information on economic activities ............................................................................................ 45 6.4.7. Ecosystem services quantification .............................................................................................. 46 6.4.8. Appraisal method........................................................................................................................ 46 6.4.9. Dissemination of results ............................................................................................................. 46 6.5. Ecosystem services valuation ............................................................................................................... 47 6.5.1. Provisioning services ................................................................................................................... 47 6.5.2. Regulating services ..................................................................................................................... 62 6.5.3. Cultural services .......................................................................................................................... 68 6.5.4. Supporting services ..................................................................................................................... 95 5 6.6. Results of ecosystem services valuation in the Regional Park ............................................................. 96 6.6.1. Audit framework of ecosystem services provided by the Škocjan Caves Regional Park ............ 96 6.6.2. Current use of ecosystem services in the Škocjan Caves Regional Park ..................................... 99 6.6.3. Potential use of ecosystem services
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