DOCSLIB.ORG

LIRR RBB JFK Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LIRR RBB JFK Study Credit: Newsday / John Paraskevas)II PHASE TWO: ROCKAWAY BEACH BRANCH / JFK ONE SEAT RIDE RAIL STUDY LIRR CONTRACT 6168C-10-09, RELEASE “A” Submitted by: In Association With: 520 Eighth Avenue, Suite 2100 New York, NY 10018 September 21, 2018 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................................... 4 2. PRELIMINARY ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................. 5 2.2 SELECTION OF ALTERNATIVES FOR FURTHER ANALYSIS.................................................................................................. 6 2.2.1. RBB North and South Alignments .............................................................................................................................. 6 3. DETERMINATION OF ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY AND CONSTRUCTABILITY ............................................................................ 6 3.1 TRACK ............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 3.2 GEOTECHNICAL ............................................................................................................................................................... 8 3.3 STRUCTURES/VIADUCT ................................................................................................................................................. 10 3.3.1. North of Howard Beach ............................................................................................................................................ 10 3.3.1.1 Viaduct Constructability ................................................................................................................................. 10 3.3.1.2. JFK Terminal Station Constructability ........................................................................................................... 12 3.3.2. Hybrid Constructability .......................................................................................................................................... 16 3.3.2.1. Westbound Viaduct ........................................................................................................................................ 16 3.3.2.2. Eastbound Viaduct ......................................................................................................................................... 17 3.3.2.3. Outbound Track ............................................................................................................................................. 17 3.4 TUNNEL ......................................................................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.1. Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18 3.4.2. Geotechnical Setting ................................................................................................................................................ 18 3.4.3. Tunnel Engineering Constructability ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.4.3.1. South of Howard Beach Alignment ............................................................................................................... 18 3.4.3.2. North of Howard Beach Alignment ............................................................................................................... 19 3.4.3.3. General Design Conditions ............................................................................................................................. 19 3.5 CENTRAL TERMINAL AREA (CTA) STATION – TYPICAL STATION COMPONENTS ............................................................ 21 3.5.1. Overall Station Intent ............................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5.2. Station Platforms ...................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5.3. Station Mezzanine .................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5.4. Station Ventilation ................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5.5. Proposed Concept .................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.6 SIGNALS AND INTERLOCKINGS ...................................................................................................................................... 22 3.7 POWER .......................................................................................................................................................................... 22 4. ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................................. 22 4.1 CULTURAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................................. 22 1 4.1.1. North of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 23 4.1.2. South of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 23 4.1.3. Summary .................................................................................................................................................................. 23 4.2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND WASTE .......................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.1. North of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 23 4.2.2. South of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 23 4.2.3. Summary .................................................................................................................................................................. 24 4.3 NATURAL RESOURCES ................................................................................................................................................... 24 4.3.1. North of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 24 4.3.2. South of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 24 4.3.3. Summary .................................................................................................................................................................. 25 4.4 SOLE SOURCE AQUIFER, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT AND FLOODPLAINS .............................................................. 25 4.4.1. North of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 25 4.4.2. South of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 25 4.4.3. Summary .................................................................................................................................................................. 25 4.5 AIR, NOISE AND VIBRATION CONSIDERATIONS............................................................................................................. 26 4.5.1. North of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 26 4.5.2. South of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 26 4.5.3. Summary .................................................................................................................................................................. 26 4.6 PARKS, COMMUNITY FACILITIES AND VISUAL IMPACTS............................................................................................... 26 4.6.1. North of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 27 4.6.2. South of Howard Beach On-Airport Sub-Alignment ................................................................................................. 27 4.6.3. Summary .................................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ITS 500 Series the New Alsaldobreda/Firema Meneghino Train for Milan
    Connectors ITS 500 ITS 500 Series Reverse Bayonet Single Pole Power Connector Introduction New York MTA The new AlsaldoBreda/Firema Glenair is proud to supply connectors and Meneghino train for Milan, Italy interconnect systems for various programs for the The Meneghino is a new six-car dual- New York MTA. voltage train for the Metropolitana Milanese Glenair interconnects are employed on critical (Milan underground). It belongs to the “MNG” Traction Motor System and Intercar Jumper (Metropolitana di Nuova Generazione or Metro applications on the M8 EMU Railcars supplied by New Generation) family.The MNG is designed and Kawasaki for Metro North Railroad. manufactured in cooperation with Ansaldo Breda, a premier Italian rail transport and engineering company. Each train is built with two identical traction units, in the “Rp-M-M” configuration: Each unit includes one trailer coach (Rp) equipped with a driver’s cab, and two intermediate motor coaches (M) without a driver’s cab. C The M8 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) railroad car built by Kawasaki for use on the New Haven Line of the Metro-North Railroad. Photo: office of Dannel Malloy Glenair has also supplied product for numerous applications on the Long Island Railroad / Metro North M9 cars such as Traction Motor Systems, Intercar Jumpers, Lighting, Communication, HVAC, Converters, as well as others. The new AlsaldoBreda/Firema Meneghino train for Milan, Italy The electrically - controlled passenger doors (8 on each coach) grant a high reliability standard and very low maintenance. The train is equipped with a highly advanced Passengers’ Audio/ Video Information System. With this system, passengers receive informational messages and video The EMU M9 railcars will replace the M-3 fleet and regarding train service, broadcast directly to LCD expand the electric fleet for East Side Access.
    [Show full text]
  • WQACNA-V Main Speaker: 5 Years N.A
    Convention Committee Chairs Directions to the Melville Marriot Hotel WESTERN QUEENS AREA CONVENTION NARCOTICS ANONYMOUS Convention Co-Chairs: Danny H 347-453-4958 From McArthur/Islip Airport – ISP & East: NEW YORK CITY Joey T 646-515-4404 Make a right out of airport onto Veterans Memorial Treasurer: Carolyn G 917-674-2866 Highway to Long Island Expressway (LIE). Take Programming: Brownie 646-267-4500 Veterans Highway to LIE West (I-495). Take the LIE Elliot R 646-522-9067 to Exit 49 North. Stay on service road. At the third Convention Info: Michele K 718-200-4886 light make a right. The hotel is on the right. Cisco 347-238-9280 Registration: Nick S 646-210-3916 From NY/JFK Airport – JFK & South: Merchandise: Joey T 646-515-4404 Take JFK Expressway East to Belt Parkway East Serenity Keepers: Margaret O 347-494-3296 (becomes Southern State Parkway). Take Southern Hospitality: Danny T 347-495-5811 State Parkway East to Exit 32 North (Rte.110 N). Matt V 201-663-0244 Make left onto the north service road of the LIE (I- Fundraising: John F 347-372-2765 495). The hotel is on the right. Secretary: Sue M 917-913-0702 Arts & Graphics: Olga R 787-690-5916 From NY/La Guardia – LGA: Take Grand Central Parkway (Eastern Long Island) FOR ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING to Exit I-495 SE (LIE), take I-495 to Exit 49 South (Rte.110). Turn left at first traffic light onto Old Walt REGISTRATION – [email protected] Whitman Rd. Cross back over the expressway. The hotel is on the right.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bulletin BROOKLYN PCC CARS’ 80 ANNIVERSARY
    ERA BULLETIN — DECEMBER, 2016 The Bulletin Electric Railroaders’ Association, Incorporated Vol. 59, No. 12 December, 2016 TH The Bulletin BROOKLYN PCC CARS’ 80 ANNIVERSARY Published by the Electric by Bernard Linder Railroaders’ Association, Incorporated, PO Box (Continued from November, 2016 issue) 3323, New York, New York 10163-3323. As soon as the cars were in service, news- dynamic brake came into service first and papers reported that the passengers liked was increased as the brake foot pedal was For general inquiries, or the quiet, fast, comfortable cars. St. Louis depressed. At 3-inch pedal movement, the Bulletin submissions, Car Company’s booklet explains how the track brake cut in. The air brake completed contact us at bulletin@ company accomplished this feat. the braking cycle and held the car after it erausa.org. ERA’s The designers proceeded to develop a radi- stopped. Your Editor-in-Chief’s supervisor website is cally new control and braking apparatus for recalled that the Brooklyn cars’ magnetic www.erausa.org. smooth and rapid starts and stops. To deter- brakes were disconnected after they wore Editorial Staff: mine the maximum comfortable acceleration, out the track rails at the trolley stops. The Editor-in-Chief: your Editor-in-Chief’s supervisor sat in a car PCC’s brakes gave rates of retardation that Bernard Linder loaded with sandbags. Tests were conducted were not previously achieved. Tri-State News and in the Ninth Avenue Depot at different rates The PCCs were much quieter than the old- Commuter Rail Editor: Ronald Yee of acceleration and deceleration. These ex- er cars.
    [Show full text]
  • M7 Electric Multiple Unitанаnew York
    Electric Multiple Unit -M- 7 POWERCAR WITH TOILET ---10' 6' B END FEND I 3,200 mi , -: -" 0 C==- ~=0 :- CJCJ ~~[] CJCJCJCJCJCJ [] I D b 01 " ~) -1::1 1211-1/2 t~J ~~W ~~IL...I ~w -A'-'1~~~- I ~~ 309~mmt ~ 1 I~ 11 m 2205~16~m-! 591..1.6" mm --I I 1- -- 59°6" ° 4°8-1/2. , ~ 16,~:,60~m ~-- -;cl 10435mm ~ .-1 25.908 mm F END GENERAL DATA wheelchair locations 2 type of vehicle electric multiple unit passenger per car (seated) under design operator Metropolitan Transportation Authority passengers per car (standing) crush load under design Long Island Railroad order date May 1999 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS quantity 113 power cars without toilet .power fed by third rail: 400-900 Vdc 113 power cars with toilet .auxiliary voltages: 230 Vac / 3 ph / 60 Hz train consist up to 14 cars 72 Vdc .AC traction motor: 265 hp (200 kW) DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHf Metric Imperial .dynamic and pneumatic (tread & disc) braking system length over coupler 25,908 mm 85'0" .coil spring primary suspension width over side sheets 3,200 mm 10'6" .air-bag secondary suspension rail to roof height 3,950 mm 12' II Y;" .stainless steel carbody rail to top of floor height I ,295 mm 51" .fabricated steel frame trucks rail to top of height 4,039 mm 13' 3" .automatic parking brake doorway width 1,270 mm 50" .forced-air ventilation doorway height 1,981 mm 6'6" .air-conditioning capacity of 18 tons floor to high ceiling height 2,261 mm 89" .electric strip heaters floor to low ceiling height 2,007 mm 79" .ADA compliant toilet room (8 car) wheel diameter 914 mm 36" .vacuum sewage system
    [Show full text]
  • Right of Passage
    Right of Passage: Reducing Barriers to the Use of Public Transportation in the MTA Region Joshua L. Schank Transportation Planner April 2001 Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee to the MTA 347 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017 (212) 878-7087 · www.pcac.org ã PCAC 2001 Acknowledgements The author wishes to thank the following people: Beverly Dolinsky and Mike Doyle of the PCAC staff, who provided extensive direction, input, and much needed help in researching this paper. They also helped to read and re-read several drafts, helped me to flush out arguments, and contributed in countless other ways to the final product. Stephen Dobrow of the New York City Transit Riders Council for his ideas and editorial assistance. Kate Schmidt, formerly of the PCAC staff, for some preliminary research for this paper. Barbara Spencer of New York City Transit, Christopher Boylan of the MTA, Brian Coons of Metro-North, and Yannis Takos of the Long Island Rail Road for their aid in providing data and information. The Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee and its component Councils–the Metro-North Railroad Commuter Council, the Long Island Rail Road Commuters Council, and the New York City Transit Riders Council–are the legislatively mandated representatives of the ridership of MTA bus, subway, and commuter-rail services. Our 38 volunteer members are regular users of the MTA system and are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of County officials and, within New York City, of the Mayor, Public Advocate, and Borough Presidents. For more information on the PCAC and Councils, please visit our website: www.pcac.org.
    [Show full text]
  • 2000 LIRR Report Card Results of the Annual, Independent Rider Survey from the Long Island Rail Road Commuters' Council
    The 2000 LIRR Report Card Results of the Annual, Independent Rider Survey from the Long Island Rail Road Commuters' Council Michael T. Doyle Associate Director Joshua Schank Transportation Planner October 2000 Long Island Rail Road Commuters' Council 347 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017 (212) 878-7087 • www.lirrcc.org © 2000 LIRRCC Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the members of the LIRRCC for their invaluable efforts in performing survey research in the field, and the Long Island Rail Road for its cooperation during survey activities. The authors also gratefully acknowledge technical assistance provided by former PCAC Associate Director Alan Foster. The Long Island Rail Road Commuters' Council (LIRRCC) is the legislatively mandated representative of the ridership of MTA Long Island Rail Road. Our 12 volunteer members are regular users of the LIRR system and are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the Nassau and Suffolk County Executives, and Brooklyn and Queens Borough Presidents. The Council is an affiliate of the Permanent Citizens Advisory Committee to the MTA (PCAC). For more information, please visit our website: www.lirrcc.org. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Methodology 3 Results for Performance Indicators 5 Systemwide Results 5 Results by Branch 10 Results for Customer Comments 17 Systemwide Results 17 Results by Branch 20 Representative Customer Comments 25 Service Delivery 25 Service Requirements 25 Scheduling 28 On-Time Performance 31 Operations 32 Maintenance of Service During Severe
    [Show full text]
  • First Stop to Freedom Iii Wqacna
    FIRST STOP TO FREEDOM III TO FIRST STOP PREREGISTRATION PREREGISTRATION CLEAN DATE DATE CLEAN PHONE NUMBER CITY STREET ADDRESS NAME DIRECTIONS TO THE MARRIOTT Western Queens Area of Narcotics Anonymous Presents From McArthur/Islip Airport – ISP & East: Make a right out of airport onto Veterans Memorial Highway to Long Island Expressway (LIE). Take Veterans Highway to LIE West (I-495). LIE to Exit 49 North and stay on service road. Make a right on at the 3rd light and the hotel is on the right. From NY/JFK Airport – JFK & South: P TO FR Take JFK Expressway East to Belt Parkway TO EE East which becomes the Southern State Pkwy. S DO Take Southern State Parkway East to Exit 32 North T HE IL S T L M (Rte.110 N). Make left onto the north service road R U I H S II of the LIE (I-495). The hotel is on the right. F S I I A O From NY/La Guardia – LGA: (Please one form per person) (Please form one M N Take Grand Central Parkway (Eastern Long NYC S Island) to Exit I-495 SE (LIE), take I-495 to Exit M 49 South (Rte.110). Turn left at first traffic light A R onto Old Walt Whitman Rd. Cross back over the N - E expressway. The hotel is on the right. A 9 E ARE YOU WILLING TO CHAIR A MEETING? CHAIR TO WILLING YOU ARE EMAIL STATE N . V N 1 E O C 0 R From Manhattan & West: A L . A 1 Take the Midtown Tunnel to LIE East (I-495 East) 1- Q to Exit 49 South (Rte.110).
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Response Incidents
    Emergency Response Incidents Incident Type Location Borough Utility-Water Main 136-17 72 Avenue Queens Structural-Sidewalk Collapse 927 Broadway Manhattan Utility-Other Manhattan Administration-Other Seagirt Blvd & Beach 9 Street Queens Law Enforcement-Other Brooklyn Utility-Water Main 2-17 54 Avenue Queens Fire-2nd Alarm 238 East 24 Street Manhattan Utility-Water Main 7th Avenue & West 27 Street Manhattan Fire-10-76 (Commercial High Rise Fire) 130 East 57 Street Manhattan Structural-Crane Brooklyn Fire-2nd Alarm 24 Charles Street Manhattan Fire-3rd Alarm 581 3 ave new york Structural-Collapse 55 Thompson St Manhattan Utility-Other Hylan Blvd & Arbutus Avenue Staten Island Fire-2nd Alarm 53-09 Beach Channel Drive Far Rockaway Fire-1st Alarm 151 West 100 Street Manhattan Fire-2nd Alarm 1747 West 6 Street Brooklyn Structural-Crane Brooklyn Structural-Crane 225 Park Avenue South Manhattan Utility-Gas Low Pressure Noble Avenue & Watson Avenue Bronx Page 1 of 478 09/30/2021 Emergency Response Incidents Creation Date Closed Date Latitude Longitude 01/16/2017 01:13:38 PM 40.71400364095638 -73.82998933154158 10/29/2016 12:13:31 PM 40.71442154062271 -74.00607638041981 11/22/2016 08:53:17 AM 11/14/2016 03:53:54 PM 40.71400364095638 -73.82998933154158 10/29/2016 05:35:28 PM 12/02/2016 04:40:13 PM 40.71400364095638 -73.82998933154158 11/25/2016 04:06:09 AM 40.71442154062271 -74.00607638041981 12/03/2016 04:17:30 AM 40.71442154062271 -74.00607638041981 11/26/2016 05:45:43 AM 11/18/2016 01:12:51 PM 12/14/2016 10:26:17 PM 40.71442154062271 -74.00607638041981
    [Show full text]
  • The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Freedom of Information (FOI) Request Log, 2000-2012
    Description of document: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Freedom of Information (FOI) Request Log, 2000-2012 Requested date: 08-August-2011 Released date: 07-February-2012 Posted date: 20-February-2012 Title of document Freedom of Information Requests Date/date range of document: 23-April-2000 – 05-January-2012 Source of document: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey FOI Administrator Office of the Secretary 225 Park Avenue South, 17th Floor New York, NY 10003 Fax: (212) 435-7555 Online Electronic FOIA Request Form The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question. GovernmentAttic.org is not responsible for the contents of documents published on the website.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Transportation Mega-Projects (Often) Fail? Case Studies of Selected Transportation Mega-Projects in the New York City Metropolitan Area
    Why Transportation Mega-Projects (Often) Fail? Case Studies of Selected Transportation Mega-Projects in the New York City Metropolitan Area Victor S. Teglasi Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Master of Science in Urban Planning Thesis Advisor: Dr. Floyd Lapp Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation Columbia University May 2012 Why Transportation Mega-Projects (Often) Fail? Copyright 2012, Victor S. Teglasi For information about this work, please contact: Victor S. Teglasi 4726 Independence Avenue Riverdale N.Y. 10471 [email protected] Permission is hereby granted to reproduce and distribute copies of this work for non-profit educational purposes provided that copies are distributed at or below cost and the author, source, and copyright notice are included on each copy. This permission is in addition to any rights of reproduction granted under the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act. Before distributing copies of this work, in whole or in part, please contact the copyright owner to assure that you have the current version. i Why Transportation Mega-Projects (Often) Fail? Acknowledgements I wish to express my deep gratitude to the many transportation planners, engineers, and other professionals who gave freely of their time and expertise and whose input was invaluable in the development of this thesis. These professionals share a common goal: to improve the delivery of essential transportation services to the public. They also share a common frustration - the difficulty of implementing transportation mega-projects in the New York metropolitan area. These are the projects which have the potential of providing significant public benefits in terms of access, mobility, preservation of jobs, economic development, sustainability and the quality of life.
    [Show full text]
  • Graduate-Bulletin-2004-2006.Pdf
    G RADUA TE B ULLETIN 2004–2006 ADELPHI UNIVERSITY GRADUATE BULLETIN, VOLUME 13, SEPTEMBER 2004 ACCREDITATION Adelphi University, an independent, comprehensive institution, is chartered by the University of the State of New York, and is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-2680, (215) 662-5606; the New York State Education Department, 9 Washington Avenue, Albany, NY 12234, (518) 474-3852; the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education, One Dupont Circle, NW, Suite 530, Washington, D.C. 20036-1120, (202) 887-6791 (the baccalaureate and master’s degree programs in nursing); the American Psychological Association, 750 First Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20002-4242, (800) 374-2721; the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 10801 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852; and the Council on Social Work Education, 1725 Duke Street, Suite 500, Alexandria, VA 22314- 3457, (703) 683-8080. Adelphi University is a member of the College Board and the Association of American Colleges/Universities. HEGIS CODE DESIGNATION (“HEGIS” stands for Higher Education General Information Survey.) Federal and state regulations require that students be advised that enrollment in other than registered or otherwise approved programs may jeopardize their eligibility for certain student aid awards. All of the programs listed in this Bulletin with HEGIS codes have been registered and approved. Consult an academic counselor in the Office of Academic Attainment for current status. The information in this Graduate Bulletin was prepared as of July 30, 2004. Provisions of this publication are not to be regarded as an irrevocable contract between the student and Adelphi University.
    [Show full text]
  • Network Rail Infrastructure Limited – Annual Return 2011 3 MB
    Network Rail Annual Return 2011 “More trains would take the pressure off at busy times. They nearly all seem to be crowded.” The railways have never been more popular. The result is that we need more capacity. More trains. Longer trains. We spent £1.7bn in the year on capacity enhancements and plan to invest £12bn over the five years to 2014 *Passenger comment, December 2010 Helping Britain run better Contents 1 Executive Summary 8 Introduction 11 Section 1 – Operational performance and stakeholder relationships 25 Section 2 – Network capability and network availability 37 Section 3 – Asset management 75 Section 4 – Activity volumes 89 Section 5 – Safety and environment 98 Section 6 – Enhancement Programme “Projects designed to increase capacity and improve services range from the new Airdrie-Bathgate rail link in Scotland to Thameslink across London, from platform lengthening on the East Coast to the redevelopment of Reading and entirely new stations such as Newport.” Contents Executive Summary 1 Track failures 50 Overall performance in 2010/11 1 Condition of asset temporary speed restriction sites (M4) 51 Operational performance and stakeholder relationships 2 Track geometry faults (M5) 54 Network capability and network availability 3 Earthwork failures (M6) 57 Asset management 4 Earthwork condition (M33) 58 Safety and environment 5 Tunnel condition 59 Expenditure and efficiency 6 Bridge condition (M8) 61 Enhancements schemes 7 Signalling failures (M9) 64 Signalling asset condition (M10) 64 Introduction 8 Alternating current traction
    [Show full text]