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Five New Species of the Clubiona Corticalis Species Group (Araneae, Clubionidae) from China

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Five New Species of the Clubiona Corticalis Species Group (Araneae, Clubionidae) from China Zootaxa 4184 (3): 561–575 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.3.10 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CED5BD3B-B40A-4CF1-9746-76B408D82BE7 Five new species of the Clubiona corticalis species group (Araneae, Clubionidae) from China PING LIU, XIANJIN PENG1 & HENGMEI YAN College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China 1Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Five new species of the genus Clubiona collected in Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan Province, China are described: C. biforamina n. sp., C. dactylina n. sp., C. falciforma n. sp., C. multidentata n. sp. and C. tangi n. sp., all belonging to the corticalis species group and known from both males and females. Key words: Sac Spiders, Dionycha, Taxonomy, Yunnan Province, Palearctic Region Introduction Up to now, a total of 476 species of Clubiona from most regions of the world have been described (World Spider Catalog 2016). Mikhailov (1995) subdivided this large genus in 15 species groups. One of the most distinct of these groups is the one that includes C. corticalis (Walckenaer, 1802), which was first recognized by Simon (1932). Two generic names are available for the group: Atalia, proposed by Thorell (1887) (type species, A. concinna Thorell, 1887) and Paraclubiona proposed by Lohmander (1944) (type species, C. corticalis). However, here we follow Mikhailov (1995) who considered this taxon as a species group of Clubiona, recognized by the male palpal tegulum enlarged and protruded, both retrolateral and ventral tibial apophyses simple, weakly developed, and by the epigynal copulatory openings anteriorly placed, well separated from epigastric furrow. Currently, 114 species of Clubiona are known from China, 21 of them belonging to the corticalis group. Spiders of this group are rather well studied in China (Liu et al. 2007; Zhang et al. 2007; Zhang & Zhu, 2009; Yu et al. 2012; Zhu et al., 2012; Wu & Zhang 2014; Wang et al. 2015; Wu et al. 2015). While examining the specimens collected in Mt. Gaoligong by the Sino-American Expeditions (1998–2006), we recognized five species belonging to the corticalis group as new to science. The goal of this paper is to provide detailed descriptions of these species. Material and methods The examined specimens are deposited in the College of Life Sciences, at the Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China (curator: Ping Liu). Specimens were kept in 75% ethanol. Epigynes were cleared in lactic acid for examination and stored in microvials together with the specimens. The left male palp was used for description and illustrations. Specimens were examined, measured and drawn with an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX53 compound microscope. Photos were taken with a digital camera Canon PowerShot G12 mounted on an Olympus BX53 and compound focus images were generated using Helicon Focus software (Version 3.10). Leg measurements are given in the following order: total length (femur, patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). All measurements are given in millimeters (mm). The terminology used in text and legends follows Yu, Sun & Zhang (2012). In the descriptions of females, only differences from the male are mentioned. Abbreviations used in the text and figures are as follows: A, atrium; ALE, anterior lateral eyes; AME, anterior median eyes; AME–AME, distance between AME; AME–ALE, distance between AME and ALE; B, bursa; C, Accepted by A. Bonaldo: 23 Sept. 2016; published: 7 Nov. 2016 561 conductor; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; E, embolus; MOQ, median ocular quadrangle; MOQA, MOQ anterior width; MOQL, MOQ length; MOQP, MOQ posterior width; PA, patellar apophysis; PLE, posterior lateral eyes; PME, posterior median eyes; PME–PME, distance between PME; PME–PLE, distance between PME and PLE; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP, spermatheca; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Taxonomy Clubiona biforamina new species Figs 1–12 Type material. Holotype: ♂ from Nankang (24°49'00"N, 98°46'60"E, 2100 m), Tengchong County, Yunnan Province, China, 4–7 November 1998, C. Griswold, D.H. Kavanaugh, C.L. Long leg.. Paratypes: CHINA. Yunnan Province: 1 ♀, same data as holotype; 2 ♂, Tengchong County, Henghe Village, 60th km of Bawan–Tengchong road (25°00'30"N, 98°25'15"E, 1594 m), 19 October 2003, G. Tang leg.; 1 ♀, Fugong County, Lumadeng Township, 0.4 km SSE Shibali guesthouse (27°09'48"N, 98°46'55"E, 2475 m), 5 May 2004, C. Griswold, D.H. Kavanaugh leg.. Etymology. The specific name is the combination of the prefix “bi-” (double) and the Latin “foramen” (hole), referring to the two small, circular copulatory openings in the female epigyne; adjective. Diagnosis. Males and females of Clubiona biforamina n. sp. resemble those of C. linzhiensis Hu, 2001 described from Xizang, China (see Yu et al., 2012, figs 17–39), but differ by the tibia with a membranous lamella covering the retrolateral tibial apophysis in retrolateral view (Figs 5, 10); tegular apophysis absent (Figs 4, 9); apex of conductor placed below the apex of embolus; conductor and embolus apexes well separated in prolateral view (Figs 3, 8); atrium hump-shaped, longitudinal; copulatory openings circular, located on the middle of atrium (Figs 6, 11); spermathecae transversally U-shaped, located over the bursae (Figs 7, 12); dorsum of abdomen without color markings (Figs 1, 2). Description. Male (holotype). Total length 5.20; carapace 2.50 long, 1.70 wide; abdomen 2.70 long, 1.40 wide. Cephalothorax (Fig. 1). Carapace brownish yellow; chelicerae brownish yellow, promargin with five teeth, fourth largest, retromargin with six subequal teeth; endites and labium brownish yellow; sternum brownish yellow, with few long hairs. Eyes. In dorsal view, anterior eye row slightly recurved, posterior eye row almost straight; AME dark, other eyes light, surrounded by black pigment; eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.15, PLE 0.10, PME 0.15, AME–AME 0.10, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.23, PME–PLE 0.13; MOQL 0.28, MOQA 0.28, MOQP 0.43. Legs light yellow; tibiae I and II with six ventral spines, metatarsi I and II with one pair of ventral spines; leg measurements: I 7.04 (1.88, 3.0, 1.38, 0.78), II 9.41 (2.45, 3.90, 2.08, 0.98), III 6.64 (1.83, 2.50, 1.68, 0.63), IV 8.93 (2.40, 3.10, 2.55, 0.88); leg formula: II, IV, I, III. Abdomen (Fig. 1). Dorsum light yellow, with two pairs of muscular depressions; venter light yellow; spinnerets light yellow. Palp (Figs 3–5, 8–10). Femur and patella unmodified, without apophyses; ventral tibial apophysis conical, with blunt apex, retrolateral tibial apophysis flat, triangular, covered by a tibial membranous lamella; cymbium longer than bulb; bulb elongate-oval, sperm duct thick and U-shaped in ventral view; conductor with wider base and sharply pointed apex; embolus slender, with cuspidal apex. Female (paratype). Total length 6.90; carapace 2.60 long, 1.95 wide; abdomen 4.20 long, 2.75 wide. Cephalothorax (Fig. 2). General color darker than that of male; chelicerae promargin with five teeth, fourth largest, retromargin with five subequal teeth. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, ALE 0.15, PLE 0.10, PME 0.13, AME–AME 0.08, AME–ALE 0.05, PME–PME 0.28, PME–PLE 0.18; MOQL 0.35, MOQA 0.30, MOQP 0.40. Leg measurements: I 5.41 (1.50, 2.18, 1.10, 0.63), II 6.15 (1.70, 2.50, 1.25, 0.70), III 5.38 (1.58, 1.90, 1.35, 0.55), IV 7.56 (2.18, 2.65, 2.10, 0.63); leg formula: IV, II, I, III. Epigyne (Figs 6–7, 11–12). Atrium hump-shaped, located at anterior part of epigynal plate; two small, circular copulatory openings, located in the middle of atrium; copulatory ducts indistinct; spermathecae with ovoid heads and tubular, transversally U-shaped bases; bursae ovoid, translucent. Distribution. Presently known only from Yunnan, China. 562 · Zootaxa 4184 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press LIU ET AL. FIGURES 1–7. Clubiona biforamina n. sp.: male holotype (1, 3–5) and female paratype (2, 6–7). 1–2 habitus, dorsal view; 3 palp, prolateral view; 4 same, ventral view; 5 same, retrolateral view; 6 epigyne, ventral view; 7 vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5mm (1–2), 0.1mm (3–7). FIVE NEW SPECIES OF CLUBIONA FROM CHINA Zootaxa 4184 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press · 563 FIGURES 8–12. Clubiona biforamina n. sp.: male holotype (8–10) and female paratype (11–12). 8 palp, prolateral view; 9 same, ventral view; 10 same, retrolateral view; 11 epigyne, ventral view; 12 vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviatures: A, Atrium; B, bursa; C, conductor; CO, copulatory opening; E, embolus; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; SP, spermatheca; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm. Clubiona dactylina new species Figs 13–24 Type material. Holotype: ♂ from Bailai Group (28º00'33''N, 98º19'20''E, 1676 m), Longyuan Village, Dulongjiang Township, Gongshan County, Yunnan Province, China, 31 October – 3 November 2004, G. Tang leg.. Paratypes: CHINA. Yunnan Province: 1 ♂, 4 ♀, same data as holotype; 1 ♂, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Township, Kongdang Village (27°52'46"N, 98°20'19"E, 1527 m), 25 October 2004, G. Tang leg. 564 · Zootaxa 4184 (3) © 2016 Magnolia Press LIU ET AL. FIGURES 13–19. Clubiona dactylina n. sp.: male holotype (13, 15–17) and female paratype (14, 18–19). 13–14 habitus, dorsal view; 15 palp, prolateral view; 16 same, ventral view; 17 same, retrolateral view; 18 epigyne, ventral view; 19 vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (13–14), 0.1 mm (15–19).
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