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Alfredo González-Ruibal Gabriel Moshenska Editors Ethics and the Archaeology of Violence

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Alfredo González-Ruibal Gabriel Moshenska Editors Ethics and the Archaeology of Violence Ethical Archaeologies: The Politics of Social Justice 2 Alfredo González-Ruibal Gabriel Moshenska Editors Ethics and the Archaeology of Violence World Archaeological Congress Ethical Archaeologies: The Politics of Social Justice Series Editors: Cristóbal Gnecco Tracy Ireland More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7559 Alfredo González-Ruibal • Gabriel Moshenska Editors Ethics and the Archaeology of Violence Editors Alfredo González-Ruibal Gabriel Moshenska Institute of Heritage Sciences University College, London Spanish National Research Council London , UK Santiago de Compostela , Spain ISBN 978-1-4939-1642-9 ISBN 978-1-4939-1643-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-1643-6 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014950680 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Ethical Archaeologies: The Politics of Social Justice Archaeology remains burdened by modern/Western values. Codifi ed, these values harden into ethics with specifi c cultural and temporal foundations; indeed, ethics are contextual, shifting, and negotiated entanglements of intent and practice that often confl ict. Yet, archaeologists may uncritically mask these contexts unless they are adequately aware of the discipline’s history and of their location in a globalized world order with its imprint of imperial, colonial, and neo-colonial values. A respon- sible and socially committed archaeology must historicize its ethical principles, showing how contingent they are and what kind of needs they are serving. By adopting a global coverage that brings together academic activism for a his- toricized ethics, universally created lacunae surrounding disciplinary concepts such as the archaeological record, stewardship, and multivocality, as well as broader con- cerns of race, class, and gender, can be discussed and acted upon. The four volumes comprising the Ethical archaeologies : the politics of social justice series discuss historically based ethics in the practice of archaeology and related fi elds—anthro- pology, museology, indigenous and heritage studies, law, education—and highlight the struggle for social justice, in which the discipline can participate. In this series we accept that social justice is broadly about equality and the right to freedom from any kind of discrimination or abuse. It is about seeking to transform the current order of the world, in which the hegemony of the Western cosmology still reigns with its ideas of individuality, linear time, development, competition, and progress. Thus, social justice is also about the positioning in our research and disci- plinary practices of nonmodern values about life, time, past, place, and heritage. Hardened into reifi ed principles, as they continue to be, ethical concerns have served to reproduce epistemic hierarchies and privileges. If archaeologists are con- tent with what the ethical preoccupations of the last two decades have achieved, their trumpeted engagement with politics and justice is meaningless. If the ethics of archaeology continue to simply further embed disciplinary privileges, social justice is not a horizon of fulfi llment. If ethics are just disciplinary preoccupations, ways of better accommodating the discipline to changing times, social justice is an empty v vi Ethical Archaeologies: The Politics of Social Justice expression. For these reasons, this series aims to position the values of equality and freedom from all discrimination at the center of archaeological thinking and practice. The four volumes are not toolkits or guides for standardized, universal, ethical conduct, but critically informed, self-refl ective discussions of ethical prob- lems and potentials. Cristóbal Gnecco Tracy Ireland Contents 1 Introduction: The Only Way is Ethics .................................................. 1 Gabriel Moshenska and Alfredo González-Ruibal 2 Ethics in Action: A Viewpoint from Israel/Palestine ........................... 19 Raphael Greenberg 3 Archaeological Ethics and Violence in Post- genocide Rwanda .......... 33 John Giblin 4 All Our Findings Are Under Their Boots! The Monologue of Violence in Iranian Archaeology ....................................................... 51 Maryam Dezhamkhooy, Leila Papoli Yazdi, and Omran Garazhian 5 Archaeology of Historical Conflicts, Colonial Oppression, and Political Violence in Uruguay ......................................................... 71 José María López Mazz 6 Discussing the Spaces of Memory in Buenos Aires: Official Narratives and the Challenges of Site Management .............. 89 Melisa A. Salerno and Andrés Zarankin 7 Ethics, Archaeology, and Civil Conflict: The Case of Spain ............... 113 Alfredo González-Ruibal, Xurxo Ayán Vila, and Rachel Caesar 8 A Gate to a Darker World: Excavating at the Tempelhof Airport ........................................................................ 137 Susan Pollock and Reinhard Bernbeck 9 Archaeology, National Socialism and Rehabilitation: The Case of Herbert Jankuhn (1905–1990) .......................................... 153 Monika Steinel vii viii Contents 10 The Ethics of Public Engagement in the Archaeology of Modern Conflict .................................................................................. 167 Gabriel Moshenska 11 Partnership Versus Guns: Military Advocacy of Peaceful Approaches for Cultural Property Protection ...................................... 181 Laurie W. Rush 12 Cognitive Dissonance and the Military-Archaeology Complex .......... 199 Derek Congram 13 Working as a Forensic Archaeologist and/or Anthropologist in Post-conflict Contexts: A Consideration of Professional Responsibilities to the Missing, the Dead and Their Relatives ........... 215 Soren Blau 14 Virtues Impracticable and Extremely Difficult: The Human Rights of Subsistence Diggers ........................................... 229 Sam Hardy Index ................................................................................................................. 241 Contributors Reinhard Bernbeck Institute for Near Eastern Archaeology , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany Soren Blau Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine/Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Southbank , VIC , Australia Rachel Caesar Anthropology Department , University of California, Berkeley , CA , USA Derek Congram Trudeau Centre for Peace, Confl ict and Justice, Munk School of Global Affairs, Trinity College Site, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, USA Maryam Dezhamkhooy Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities , The University of Birjand , Birjand , Iran Omran Garazhian Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities , The University of Neyshabour , Neyshabour , Iran John Giblin Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas, The British Museum, London Alfredo González-Ruibal Institute of Heritage Sciences, Spanish National Research Council (Incipit-CSIC) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain Raphael Greenberg Institute of Archaeology , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel Sam Hardy UCL Centre for Applied Archaeology , East Sussex , UK José María López Mazz Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, UdelaR , Montevideo , Uruguay Gabriel Moshenska UCL Institute of Archaeology , London , UK Susan Pollock Institute for Near Eastern Archaeology , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany ix x Contributors Laurie W. Rush Fort Drum , Clayton , NY , USA Melisa A. Salerno Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas , Buenos Aires , Argentina Monika Steinel European University Association , Brussels , Belgium Xurxo Ayán Vila Research Group in Built Heritage—University of the Basque Country (GPAC-UPV) , Vitoria-Gasteiz
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