Book of Abstracts

ШУМАРСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ

International Scientific Conference FOREST SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTS

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

ШУМАРСКИ ФАКУЛТЕТ

Address: Address: December 7-9, 2017 Bulevar vojvode Stepe Stepanovica 75A, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovica 1А, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina

Tel: +387 51 460 550 Tel: +387 51 321 171 Fax: +387 51 460 550 Fax: +387 51 315 694 INTERNATIONAL UNION [email protected] [email protected] Javno preduze}e {umarstva www.sf.unibl.org www.unibl.org a.d. Sokolac 25 years of the Faculty of Forestry

International Scientific Conference “Forestry science and practice for the purpose of sustainable development of forestry”

Book of Abstracts

December 7-9, 2017 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka www.sf.unibl.org International Scientific Conference “Forestry science and practice for the purpose of sustainable development of forestry” Book of Abstracts

Editors: Branislav Cvjetković, Dane Marčeta, Danijela Petrović, Dragan Čomić, Svjetlana Ćoralić, Vladimir Stupar, Vojislav Dukić, Zoran Govedar and Zoran Stanivuković Published by: University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry

Represented by: Vojislav Dukić, dean

Technical editor: Đorđije Milanović

Printed by: Grafomark Laktaši

Printrun: 250

Banja Luka, November 2017 Welcome

The International Scientific Conference “Forest Science for Sustainable Development of Forests - FORSD” in Banja Luka is held on the occasion of silver Jubilee (25 years) of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, and 25 years of Forestry of the Republic of Srpska as well, in cooperation with IUFRO - Interconnecting Forests, Science and People.

Nowadays, with a long-growing and strong pressure on forest resources worldwide, the sustainable development and management of forests has become an important issue of the contemporary world in terms of global challenge of climate change mitigation, with a main objective to provide prosperity and improve the quality of life for modern human society.

The Conference will give an opportunity for participants to exchange knowledge and experiences in forestry and related fields, to establish international cooperation among institutions, to improve cooperation between forestry science and practice through application of modern scientific findings in forestry practice, and to promote the sustainable forestry, protection of forests and forest resources at national and global level.

The Conference is organised in nine sessions along different themes. Together there are five plenary lectures, 48 oral presentations and 43 poster contributions, with more than 220 participants.

Depending of willingness of the authors, the reviewed and accepted papers are going to be published in the Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka (http:// glasnik.sf.unibl.org).

We wish you a very pleasant and stimulating Conference.

Chairman of the Organization Committee

Vojislav Dukić We are thankful for the support from the Public Enterprise “Forests of the Republic of Srpska” and Kozara National Park Honorary Committee: 1. Björn Hånell, PhD, Vice-President, IUFRO 2. Saskia Keesstra, PhD, President of EGU soil system sciences division 3. Stevo Mirjanić, PhD, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Water management in the Govern- ment of the Republic of Srpska 4. Jasmin Komić, PhD, Minister of Science and Technology in the Government of the Republic of Srpska 5. Risto Marić, General Director, Public Forestry Enterprise “Šume Republike Srpske” a.d. Sokolac 6. Milan Medarević, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia 7. Ratko Ristić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia 8. Vojin Bucalo, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 9. Čedomir Burlica, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 10. Ratko Čomić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 11. Zoran Maunaga, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 12. Mira Milić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 13. Rodoljub Oljača, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 14. Nada Šumatić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina

Scientific Committee: Chairman of Scientific Committee: Milan Mataruga, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 1. Mario Božić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Zagreb, Croatia 2. Jugoslav Brujić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Andraž Čarni, PhD, Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia 4. Artemi Cerdà, PhD, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain 5. Dragan Čomić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 6. Milorad Danilović, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia 7. Ljiljana Došenović, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 8. Vojislav Dukić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 9. Barbara Fussi, PhD, Bavarin Office for Forest Seeding and Planting, Teisendörf, Germany 10. Branko Glavonjić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia 11. Zoran Govedar, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 12. Dragan Karadžić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia 13. Srđan Keren, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Krakow, Poland 14. Milun Krstić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia 15. Dane Marčeta, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bos- nia and Herzegovina 16. Saša Orlović, PhD, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Novi Sad, Serbia 17. Hubert Paluš, PhD, Faculty of Wood science and technology, Zvolen, Slovakia 18. Špela Pezdevšek Malovrh, PhD, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia 19. Igor Potočnik, PhD, Biotechnical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia 20. Jasminka Rizovska Atanosovska, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 21. Mirjana Sekulić, PhD, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia 22. Branko Stajić, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia 23. Zoran Stanivuković, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska / Bosnia and Herzegovina 24. Nebojša Todorović, PhD, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia 25. Vladimir Vujanović, PhD, University of Saskatchewan, College of Agriculture & Bioresources, Sas- katoon, Canada 26. Dijana Vuletić, PhD, Forest Research Institute Jastrebarsko, Zagreb, Croatia Oral presentations

FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

NOVELTIES IN EUROPEAN VEGETATION SCIENCE: HIERARCHICAL FLORISTIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM OF VEGETATION OF EUROPE AND RED LIST OF EUROPEAN HABITATS

Author(s): 1. Andraž Čarni, Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slove- nia; University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia, Novi trg 2 p.p. 306, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia, [email protected]

Abstract: Hierarchical floristic classification system of vegetation of Europe features the first comprehensive and critical account of European syntaxa and synthesizes more than 100 years of classification- ef fort by European phytosociologists. Approximately 10 000 bibliographic sources were evaluated to create a comprehensive list of previously proposed syntaxonomic units. These units were evaluated by experts for their floristic and ecological distinctness, clarity of geographic distribution and compliance with the nomenclature code. The overview of vegetation dominated by vascular plants includes 109 classes, 300 orders and 1108 alliances. It aims to document and stabilize the concepts and nomenclature of syntaxa for practical uses, such as calibration of habitat classification used by the European Union, standardization of terminology for environmental assessment, management and conservation of nature areas, landscape planning and education. The results of the Red List of European terrestrial and freshwater habitats project have been recently finished and results available. In the project, many researchers from southeastern Europe have been involved, thus experts from the Faculty of Forestry, University of Banja Luka, covered Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is the first red list of habitats that reviews the current status of natural and semi-natural habitats in Europe and gives an information about the major pressures on them. The information about habitats have been collected from all over Europe and the evaluation have been done according to modified ver- sion of IUCN criteria. The assessment provides the evaluation of 233 habitats with detailed description, distribution maps, identification of typical for biogeographic region, list of threats, conservation matures and restorability.

References: Mucina, L., Bültmann, H., Dierssen, K., Theurillat, JP., Raus, T., Čarni, A., Šumberová, K., Willner, W., Dengler, J., Gavilán García, R. et al. 2016. Vegetation of Europe: Hierarchical floristic classification system of vascular plant, bryophyte, lichen, and algal communities. Applied Vegetation Science 19: 3–264. Janssen, A.M., Rodwell, J.S., García Criado, M., Gubbay, S., Haynes, T., Nieto, A., Sanders, N., Lan- ducci, F., Loidi, J., Ssysmak, A., Tahvanainen, T., Valderrabano, M. et al. 2016. European Red List of Habitats - Part 2. Terrestrial and freshwater habitats. Publication office of EU, Luxembourg.

Key words: vegetation, habitats, nature protection, phytosociology, Europe

9 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

TOWARDS THE FLORA OF THE REPUBLIKA SRPSKA DATABASE

Author(s): 1. Vladimir Stupar, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Đorđije Milanović, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Jugoslav Brujić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Marijana Kapović Solomun, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 5. Zorana Hrkić-Ilić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 6. Ozren Žolja, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7. Nikola Pećanac, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 8. Ognjen Lukić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: Regarding the floristic diversity, Bosnia and Herzegovina with the Republic of Srpska are amongst the richest areas of Europe. Global standards in nature protection require standardized georeferenced biodiversity databases as a part of integrated information system in order to facilitate information exchange and monitoring of species and habitats. This is also foreseen by national legislation in the sectors of nature protection, forestry etc. However, although the flora of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been studied extensively for the last 150 years, there is still no species check list let alone pre- cise and comprehensive database on species distribution. This was the background for the project GIS Database of the vascular flora of the Republic of Srpska, which was completed during 2011 and yielded Web GIS application with the spatial information about plant species of Republic of Srpska, gathered from the largest monograph about B&H flora (Beck-Manageta G. 1903-1983: Flora Bosne i Hercegovine). This project collected about 20 000 spatial references for about 2100 species for the Republic of Srpska. In the second phase of this project that was conducted during 2017, we aimed to collect data from phytosociological relevés (published and unpublished). The 6000 relevés from B&H were entered in TURBOVEG software, georeferenced in QuantumGIS and then imported into RDBMS PostgreSQL with PostGIS spatial extension. Web application was developed in GeoDjango environment GeoServer and OpenLayers technologies. Only relevés from the Republic of Srpska were taken into consideration. This way we acquired about 30 000 of new spatial references. We estimate that, from the beginning of the project in 2011, we collected, digitized and georefernced about 50% of data about vascular plants and their distribution in the Republic of Srpska.

Key words: flora, geodatabase, GIS, information system, species mapping

10 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MIXED BEECH-FIR FORESTS OF THE KOZARA MT.

Author(s): 1. Igor Kneginjić, JP “Šume Republike Srpske” a.d. Sokolac, ŠG Prijedor, Vuka Karadžića 43, 79101 Prijedor, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Vladimir Stupar, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Rade Cvjetićanin, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Milan Knežević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: We studied floristic, structural and ecological characteristics of the mixed beech-fir forests on the Kozara Mt. along with their syntaxonomy. Classification and ordination methods of were applied on 31 relevés sampled in the field. The classification has revealed three ecologically interpretable relevé groups: 1) mixed beech-fir forests with sessile oak (Festuco drymeiae-Abietetum Vukelić et Baričević 2007 quercetosum petraeae), 2) mixed beech-fir forests on acidic bedrock of Prepan- nonian area (Festuco drymeiae-Abietetum Vukelić et Baričević 2007 festucetosum drymejae), and 3) mixed beech-fir forests on limestone (Abieti-Fagetum dinaricum Tregubov 1957 = Omphalodo- Fagetum Marinček et al. 1993). The first one is the most xerophilous variant of these forests and has a transitional character between the pure sessile oak forests of Festuco drymejae-Quercetum petraeae (Janković et Mišić 1969) Janković 1968 and typical community of Festuco drymejae-Abi- etetum. It occurs on warmer aspects and has the largest share of Southeuropean floristic element among the studied communities. The second community is the most species poor and the most acidophilous type. Results suggest that it is syntaxonomicaly closest to the Centraleuropean types of mixed beech-fir forests, not having much in common with the forests of IllyrianAremonio-Fagion alliance. The third one, albeit found on the Kozara Mt., floristically belongs to Illyrian mixed beech- fir forests which occur on Dinaric Mountains further to the south. This can probably be ascribed to the influence of the limestone bedrock.

Key words: Abieti-Fagetum, Aremonio-Fagion, classification, ordination, phytosociology

11 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

EDAPHIC-FLORISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BEECH AND ITALIAN MAPLE FOREST COMMUNITY (ACERI OBTUSATI-FAGETUM FUK. ET STEF. 1963) ON MANJAČA MT.

Author(s): 1. Saša Eremija, Institute of Forestry Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 3, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, sasaer- [email protected] 2. Milan Knežević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Rade Cvjetićanin, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Marko Perović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Beech forests have wide distribution in Republic of Srpska, which is conditioned by ecological properties of this species, as well as diverse ecological site conditions. Forests of beech and Italian maple (Aceri obtusati-Fagetum Fuk. et Stef. 1963) represent thermophillous variant of beech forests (Stefanović et al. 1983) and, in Bosnia and Herzegovina they occur in western Bos- nian mountains and in western Herzegovina, but sporadically penetrate deeper into the mainland (Lepenica watershed near Kiseljak, Igman mountain near Sarajevo) (Stefanović 1986). On Manjača mountain, this community occupies small area in mountain beech forest belt. The aim of this work is to study edaphic characteristics and floristic composition of named plant community. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One soil profile was made in the aim of determining soil characteristics, where detailed morphogenetical research was made and probes for laboratory research of standard physical and chemical soil properties were taken. Laboratory analysis was conducted on University of Bel- grade-Faculty of Forestry. Systematic soil classification was made according to Škorić et al. (1985). Floristic characteristics of beech and Italian maple community (Aceri obtusati-FagetumFuk. et Stef. 1963) are determined on the basis of five phytocoenological relevés, produced by Braun-Blanquet method (Braun-Blanquet 1964). Determination of plant species was done according to „Flora Sr- bije I-X“ (Josifović et al. 1972-1977; Sarić et al. 1986, 1992; Stevanović et al. 2012). Spectra of life forms were made according to Kojić et al. (1997), chorological spectra were made according to Gajić (1980, 1984), while ecological characterization of plant community was done according to Kojić et al. (1997) and Ellenberg, Leuschner (2010). RESULTS: Beech and Italian maple plant community (Aceri obtusati-Fagetum Fuk. et Stef. 1963) in Manjača occurs on limestone bedrock, on shallow kalkomelanosol. The soil is characterized by low ecological-production potential, which is caused by its low depth, by karstic bedrock, which is incapable of retaining water and by high level of ground rockiness. The plant community is floristicaly rich, it contains 41 vascular plant species. According to life form spectrum, the community has phanerophyte-hemycryptophyte character. In the chorologic spectrum, central European chorologic group is most widespread. According to light requirements the community is semitolerant, according to warmth requirements it is mesothermic, according to necessary nitrogen level in soil it is mesotroph, according to soil reaction the community is neu- trophillous-basiphillous and according to moisture requirements beech-Italian maple community is xerophytic-mesophytic. Based on soil and vegetation research, beech and Italian maple forests (Aceri obtusati-Fagetum Fuk. et Stef. 1963) on organomineral kalkomelanosol are determined as a new basic forest type in Manjača area.

Key words: Aceri obtusati-Fagetum, beech, Italian maple, floristic composition, forest type, Manjača, soil

12 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

FOREST SITES MAPPING IN THE AREA OF “ISTOČNA BORANJA“ FOREST MANAGEMENT UNIT

Author(s): 1. Olivera Košanin, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Marko Perović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Milan Knežević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Rade Cvjetićanin, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 5. Janko Ljubičić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: Forest sites mapping is, for Serbian conditions, innovative concept of forest area division, although it exists in countries of Western Europe for several decades. It is based on separation of site types, which represent homogeneous entities considering ecological and productive characteristics, exposed to approximately the same dangers and risks and to which, the same management treatments are applied. Site mapping concept is based on overlapping of digitalized thematic maps. In usage are: geological maps, soil types maps, water and nutritive regime maps, climatic conditions maps (temperature, precipitation etc.), relief characteristics maps (inclination, aspect, relief form etc.), maps of actual and potential vegetation etc. Forest sites mapping concept was implemented and tested in Serbia in two forest management units-„Istočna Boranja“, which belongs to forest administration “Boranja“ from Loznica and „Rađenovci Novi“, which belongs to forest administration „Sremska Mitrovica“ from Sremska Mitro- vica. Separation of site types on pilot area „Rađenovci Novi“ (lowland forests), was made on the basis of existing typological maps. Management unit “Istočna Boranja“, as a representative of mountain forests, was used for implementation of site mapping methodology which is developed by joint work of Serbian and German experts, using DBU methodology as a model, tested in Montenegro. Because of high volume of field work, and short terms for its realization, research encompassed vegetation belt of mountain beech forests, from 600 to 900 m above sea level, on granodiorite bedrock. Job on site mapping in management unit „Istočna Boranja“ covered following phases: collecting of available digital maps and other site data, detailed site research (conditions of site, soil and vegetation), synthesis and analysis of obtained results and production of appropriate site type maps. Finally, on researched area in Boranja, five site types were obtained by overlapping of obtained maps: 1. Moderately wet – nutritive medium provided mountain beech site – mountain beech forest (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973) 2. Wet - nutritive medium provided mountain beech site – mountain beech forest (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973) 3. Very wet – nutritive medium provided mountain beech site – mountain beech forest (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973) 4. Very wet – nutritive poor mountain beech site – mountain beech forest (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973) 5. Extremely wet – nutritive poor to medium provided mountain beech site – mountain beech forest (Fagetum montanum B. Jovanović 1953; Syn. Asperulo odoratae-Fagetum B. Jovanović 1973). Occurrence of acidophillous beech forests with wood- rushes (Luzulo-Fagetum Mišić et Popović (54) 1978) and mountains beech forests with fescue (Festuco drymeiae-Fagetum) Mišić 1972), on area of forest management unit “Istočna Boranja“ are orographic- edaphic conditioned, they occur sporadically and do not cover larger areas.

Key words: mapping, site, site types, soil, vegetation

13 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

ZONAL FOREST VEGETATION IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA: ECOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): 1. Vladimir Stupar, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Andraž Čarni, Research Center of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slove- nia; University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia; Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje, Macedonia, Novi trg 2 p.p. 306, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Abstract: There are seven zonal forest plant communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. As zonal vegetation is regarded as a large-scale expression of macro-climate, using data from Bosnia and Herzegovina, we aimed to reveal whether macro-climate is indeed the most important factor determining the existence of zonal forest plant communities. In addition, we wanted to find out if zonal communities would demonstrate similarities in Grime’s ecological (CSR) strategies. Ordination revealed that the species turnover between the zonal communities is strongly correlated to the macro-climatic gradient (annual mean temperature, mean temperature of the coldest quarter and precipitation of the warmest quarter), while no correlation with topographic factors (slope and aspect) and soil reaction was detected. Functional analysis of all layers showed that competitive ecological strategy has the highest proportion, while analysis of the herb layer alone expressed a shift of CSR signatures towards the middle of the C–S axis. Ruderality was overall poorly expressed. Statistically significant differences between communities were discovered along the C–S axis. Our study confirmed that macro-climatic gradient is the most important determinant of the species turnover along zonal forest plant communities. CSR signatures showed that zonal forest vegetation is represented by productive communities in a terminal stage of succession.

Key words: climatic gradient, ecological strategies, plant functional types, zonal communities

14 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

ACHIEVEMENT OF LAND DEGRADATION NEUTRALITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA) BY 2030

Author(s): 1. Marijana Kapović Solomun, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Mihajlo Marković, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Svjetlana Ćoralić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Milan Šipka, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 5. Mladen Babić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) is new concept raised from Sustainable De- velopment Goal 15 which urges countries to „protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.“ Target 15.3. is devoted to “combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation neutral world by 2030.” Progress in achievement of LDN is measured trough indicator 15.3.1 “Proportion of land that is degraded over total land area”. Definition of LDN is “a state whereby the amount and quality of land resources necessary to support ecosystem functions and services and enhance food security remain stable or increase within specified temporal and spatial scales”. UNCCD provided guidance to countries which are invited to estimate state of land resources, trends of land degradation, and define national voluntary target and measures to achieve LDN by 2030. This paper aimes to present LDN target setting process in the Republic of Srpska (BiH), global data from UNCCD, land degradation trends, proposed LDN target in achieving LDN and future steps. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Countries were provided by global dataset for tree sub-indicators: land cover (LC) by European Space Agency (ESA), land productivity dynamics (LPD) by Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC) and carbon stocks above and below ground (SOC) by International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC). Countries could ehnance and complement these global indicators by national (or subnational) level indicators. FAO GAUL network provided datasets on watershed level and proposed priority ones, in terms of land degradation area. LC change and SOC are derived from comparison of two periods (2000-2010) and LPD is presented as trend for period 1998–2013. Main land degradation (LD) drivers were identified in 21 visited municipalities of the Republic of Srpska, and „hot spots“ are proposed. RESULTS: Global data for LC indicate loss of forests on 6400 ha, and their conversion to shrubs, grasslands and sparsely vegetated areas on 1.400 ha and to cropland on 5000 ha. LPD has negative trend on 63 500 ha or cca 3% of the Republic of Srpska (RS) territory. SOC indicate average content of 104.4 t/ha and loss of 74 609 tons for the same period. Existing national data for LC and SOC do not have spatial and temporal sequences, they are not aligned with LDN methodology, and often do not reflect the situation on the field. There are no national data on LPD aligned with LDN methodology. Watershed analyze indicates the Sava and Neretva River Basin as priority ones. Three the most significant “hot

15 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations spots” areas within proposed basins in the Republic of Srpska have been proposed as following: Herzegovina, Semberija and Lijevče polje. Global data will be used for baseline, LD trends, target and measures for achieving LDN. National monitoring is necessary for reliable future assessment of land resources state and LD trends in the RS.

Key words: land degradation indicators, LDN target, measures, trends

16 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

ERODIBILITY FACTOR AND SOIL LOSS IN BLACK PINE STANDS 60 YEARS AFTER AFFORESTATION

Author(s): 1. Aleksandar Baumgertel, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Sara Lukić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Snežana Belanović Simić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Predrag Miljković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: In this paper, we studied erodability factor (K) and soil loss in the 60 years old stands of black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.) established by planting in pits and in the lines of counter slope terraced terrain - so called “gradoni”. The aim of this study was to determine whether the applied planting method had an impact on soil erodibility and soil loss. The study area is located in Grdelica Gorge, the area susceptible to land degradation processes, especially erosion, due to specific natural conditions and lack of a land management strategy in the past. In the area of Grdelica Gorge, numerous erosion control works have been performed in the past in order to control erosion processes. The experimential fields were selected on the afforested areas planted in pits and in „gradoni”. Two soil profiles were opened in each experimental field. Soil samples taken from the fixed depths were subjected to physical and chemical laboratory analyses. The soil erodibility factor K was calculated using formula of Wischmeier and Smith (1978), whilst, soil loss were estimated according to Erosion Potential method - EPM (Gavrilović, 1972). The results of the study showed that: i) there was statistically significant difference in erodibility factor in the areas before the afforestation (0.376±0.101) and 60 years after afforestation (0.269±0.030). ii) erodibility factor in the areas afforested by planting in pits (0.265±0.038) and planting in “gradoni” (0.271±0.029) were not statistically significantly different. iii) There was the reduction in soil loss in the areas afforested by planting in pits through 60 years after afforestation, but not statistically significant, while in the areas afforested by planting in “gradoni” the soil loss was statistically significantly reduced (p<0.05). iv) erodibility factor was positively correlated with soil loss (r=0.230) but without statistical significance, also the correlation strength was determined between the erodibility factor and the humus content (r=-0.618, p<0.01) and the silt content (r=0.813, p<0.01). According to the obtained results, the afforestation method can affect the reduction of soil losses, while, the erodibility factor may be affected indirectly (e.g. by increase in the organic matter content, forming structural aggregates) not immediately after -af forestation, but in a long term period.

Key words: afforestation, “gradoni”, planting in pits, soil erodibility, soil loss

17 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

CHARACTERISTICS OF MOLLIC LEPTOSOLS AFTER FOREST FIRE – CASE STUDY MANJAČA MOUNTAIN IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Author(s): 1. Marijana Kapović-Solomun, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Svjetlana Ćoralić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Nemanja Lazović, FMU “Maglić”, Kralja Petra I bb, 73000 Foča, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Saša Eremija, Institute of Forestry Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 3, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Degradation of fire-affected soils is a problem that generally requires more attention in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Forest fires can significantly degrade the soils, especially calcareous Mollic Leptosol that is developed under specific natural conditions. Forest fires have a several negative effects on soils like decrease of humus content and organic matter as well, deterioration of structure and porosity, considerable loss of nutrients through volatilisation and soil erosion. Accord- ing to Certini (2005), forest fires marked alteration of quantity and specific composition of microbial and soil-dwelling invertebrate communities. Soil changes induced by fire can be short-term, long-term or permanent, which depends on fire properties (intensity and severity) and environmental factors (climate, vegetation, soil type, geomorphology, etc). Mollic Leptosol on limestone are particularly sensitive to fire effects, due to high humus content, small depth and slow evolution as additional factor of their vulnerability. Paper is aimed to explore the influence of forest fires on Mollic Leptosol properties, to define measures for improvement of environmental conditions at fire-affected sites, and measures that will slow or prevent further soil degradation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Manjača Mountain is located in western part of the Republic of Srpska. Climate characteristics were analyzed using data from meteorological station Banja Luka, Mrkonjić Grad i Jajce for period 1981–2010. The fire was active during 2003, and research was conducted ten years later. Mollic Leptosols were analysed on 12 sample plots, where each plot represents a cross-section of site and stand properties. First four sample plots are placed in area where forest fire had medium intensity, plots 5–8 under low intensity of forest fire, and plots 9–12 are placed in non-fired mountain beech forest in the vicinity of fire-affected area. Morphological, physical and chemical soil properties are explored as well as characteristics of vegetation on each sample plot.RE - SULTS AND DISCUSSION: Climate is mostly humid over the year. Parent material is represented by lime- stones and dolomites in some parts. Mountain beech forests (Fagetum montanum Illyricum Fuk. et Stef. 1958) are dominant in research area. Depth of analyzed soil profiles range from 18 to 42 cm and they are generally deeper in unburned area. The fire has significantly affected chemical soil properties. Ten years later, humus content is still reduced for almost 50% compared to non-fired Mollic Leptosols. Soil acidity is ranged between 6.1 – 7.7 pH regardless fire impact, while carbon and nitrogen content is reduced. Degree of base saturation follows humus content. Characteristic plant groups are differentiated only on plots where the fire intensity was medium or low. Fire affected areas requires rehabilitation measures that, will have economic and environmental effects but also to prevent further soil degradation. Those measures could be: removal of young crops, sapling and pole forest, reforestation, removal of diseased adult trees and introduction of new species adjusted to soil and natural conditions. It is very important to forestall weed development, which additionally accelerates soil erosion. Key words: forest fire, humus, land degradation, limestone, soil nutrients

18 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

FOREST FIRE AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

Author(s): 1. Zbigniew Borowski, Forest Research Institute (Badawczy Leśnictwa), Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland, [email protected] 2. Wojciech Gil, Forest Research Institute (Badawczy Leśnictwa), Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary, Poland 3. Lidia Yalkovskaya, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, 8 Marta Str. 202, 620144 Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Abstract: Since prehistoric times fires have been an important factor of natural disturbance and natural selection in many forest ecosystems. Now in majority of Central European countries burned areas are artificially regenerated by planting trees. That is why processes of natural forest regeneration in burned forests cannot be observed. Therefore, in central Poland for natural regeneration was created the reference area in forest which was burned in May 2015, where various elements of the natural environment are observed. In the presentation we will discuss the changes in the structure of insects, birds and small mammals community. The work was financially supported by the grant 500-432 to ZB and rfbr №16-04-01486 to LY.

Key words: biological diversity, forest fire, natural disturbance, natural regeneration

19 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

STOCKS OF DEAD BIOMASS OF BEECH (FAGUS SYLVATICA L.) FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN WEST BALKAN RANGE, BULGARIA

Author(s): 1. Violeta Dimitrova, University of Forestry Sofia, Kliment Ohridski Street 10, Sofia 1756 Bulgaria, [email protected] 2. Dimitar Dimitrov, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Forest Research Institute, 132 St. Kliment Ohrid- ski Blvd. BG-1756 Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstract: The dead trees play an important role in the functioning and productivity of the forests’ ecosystems through influence over biological diversity, the accumulation of carbon dioxide, nutrient turnover and energy flux, hydrological processes, protection of the soils and the regeneration of tree species. The dead wood assures important habitats also. During the past years, the new settings in the national legislation, especially these related to the Natura 2000 development and management, require the quantity information about this component for the forest habitats assessment. In this regard, the objective of this study was to obtain quantitative data on stocks of dead forest biomass in beech communities in West Balkan Range. It was found total dead wood biomass stocks variation in the range of 14.48 - 41.8 m3.ha-1 as a result of studies conducted in beech stands. The standing dead wood biomass was 6.7-17.5 m3.ha-1, lying dead wood biomass was 3.4-26.5 m3.ha-1, stumps were 0.28-6.4 m3.ha-1. The observed standing dead trees were mainly from the fourth level of decomposition. The prevailing rate of decomposition for lying biomass was B and for stumps were C and D.

Key words: beech communities, dead wood, stocks

20 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

HOW EFFECTS SOIL STABILIZATION WITH WATTLE FENCE ON MICROBIAL BIOMASS C AND ERODIBILITY INDICES

Author(s): 1. Ömer Kara, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Watershed Ma- negement, 61080 – Trabzon, Turkey, [email protected] 2. Emre Babur, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of soil and ecology, West Ring Road Blv. No: 251 / A 46040, Turkey 3. Yunus Emre Susam, Ankara, Turkey

Abstract: Wattle fences are significant measures for slope stabilization and land degradation in the extreme environment. However, their function and effects on soil erosion remain understudied. We investigated the effect of wattle fences application on soil organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon content in Boyabat of Sinop province. Totally 60 soil samples were taken from topsoil layer in wattle fence application area and non-application area as a control. The wattle fence application significantly and positively effects on soil physicochemical characteristics, microbial biomass carbon, and erodibility indices. Fine particle distribution (silt + clay) and soil organic C (1.52%) was higher in the wattle fence soils than control area. The mean soil microbial biomass C content of wattle fence area was found significantly higher than control area (315.27 μg g−1 in wattle fence soil; 203.32 μg g−1 in control soil) (P<0.0001). According to erodibility indexes of soils, both areas are still susceptible to erosion because of the erosion control application performed approximately 5 years ago. Our results suggest that wattle fence as a precaution application not only protecting soils against erosion also contributes to better soil properties.

Key words: erodibility, microbial biomass carbon, stabilization, wattle fence

21 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

TEMPERATURE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FROST HOLLOW “MEĐI DO“

Author(s): 1. Zoran Stanivuković, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Marijana Kapović-Solomun , University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Svjetlana Ćoralić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Frosts hollows are specific sites where accumulated cold air causes significantly lower temperature values compared with surrounding terrain. The most often they are appeared in valleys and karst sinkholes, with favorable conditions for night cooling. Cold air, accumulated in frost hollow, beside extremely low temperature, also reflects on vegetation, causing so-called vegetation inversions. The „Međi Do“ is located in western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, northeastern slopes of Grmeč Mountain. It is a karst sinkhole, with elongated ellipse shape and dimensions 600 m x 350 m. The longitudinal axis direction is southwest-northeast. The depth is 80 m, with lowest point on 480 m, while the edge of frost hollow is 560 m altitude. The measuring point is located at 483 m altitude with coordinates (44°40’16.40” N and 16°33’55.35” E). The closest meteorological station is Sanski Most, which is 14 km away. The temperature regime at the research site is very specific and shows significant deviations compared with meteorological stations located in the vicinity. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The automatic weather station „TFA NEXUS“ was used for this research. Station is located in a meteorological wooden shelter (house) at a height of 2 m. Measurement of air temperature is set every 30 minutes, 24 hours a day, and 1.5 V lithium batteries are used to power the station. Temperature measurements has been started on February 22, 2014. to April 04, 2014. with interruption after this period. Continuous, uninterrupted observations last from September 27, 2014. This paper aimes to analyze and present the air temperatures of the frost hollow „Međi Do“ for 2015 and 2016. RESULTS: The average annual temperature for 2015. was 6.6 °C, average minimum was 0.1 °C, while average temperature maximum was 15.1 °C. The absolute temperature maximum was 33.7°C, and absolute minimum -30.1 °C. During vegetation period average temperature was 12.8 °C. There were only 188 days with temperature above 0 °C, and negative values was not recorded only in August. Annual temperature amplitude was 63.8 °C. The average annual temperature for 2016. was 7.1 °C, with average minimum 0,5 °C, and maximum 15.0 °C. The absolute temperature maximum was 31.5 °C, and absolute minimum 28.8 °C. The average temperature in the vegetation period was 12.5 °C. The number of days with temperature above 0 °C were 163. The negative air temperature was not recorded in June and July. The annual amplitude of temperature was 60.3 °C. Although research area is located between 480–560 m altitude, temperature regime of „Međi Do“ is very specific and characterized with highly lower average temperature over the year and vegetation period, compared with other known frost hollows in region.

Key words: frost hollow, Grmeč, low temperature, vegetation period

22 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Oral presentations

VIABLE DEVELOPMENT OF FORESTRY AND CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL HYDRO-POWER PLANTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Author(s): 1. Vesna Rajčević, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sciences, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Čedomir Crnogorac, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sciences, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Nenad Đukić, Government of the Republic of Srpska, Trg Republike Srpske 1, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: At the core of the idea of viable (harmonized) development lies the fact that the growth of human population presents one of the determinants of the overall development of social systems in the world. However, this growth comes at the cost of exploitation of another system – the natural one, with even grimmer forecast of this exploitation in the future. Though human population cannot be denied this right to development, the very manner and scope of exploitation can. That it has become excessive is visible from the disturbance of natural balance, reflected in a very topical issue of disappearance of forests in the geographic layer. The issue of protection of forests and forest ecosystems in the Republic of Srpska is a complex one, where micro hydropower plants (MHP) present one of major factors. The methodology of research is based upon field research and an analysis of meteorological, hydrological and bio-geographic data in the basins of rivers Vrbanja and Velika Usora. The data show threats to forest, an increased risk of erosion and occurrence of great and small waters due to disturbance of balanced flow-off in the basins.

Key words: erosion, exploitation, forest degradation, minor power plants, sustainable development

23 URBAN FORESTRY–LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE: Oral presentations

POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION OF GRAY WATER FOR WATERING OF URBAN GREENERY

Author(s): 1. Bojana Dabić, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Emina Mladenović, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3. Jasna Grabić, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract: Water is a life’s necessity and is necessary for the survival of the living world on Earth. Bearing in mind that this is a limited resource, the needs for it are growing and contaminating in different ways, its reserves are a global problem. However, potable water on the territory of the Republic of Serbia makes a significant part of the sources for watering and maintaining urban green infrastructures. This use of potable water increases the risks of reducing its reserves, which can lead to a significantly lower percentage of its usefulness for watering, and it is necessary to provide additional water resources for the maintenance of urban green infrastructures. For this reason, in this study was examined the possibility of using gray (waste urban) water for watering in urban areas, with the goal of preserving water resources and maintaining green infrastructure, while at the same time not disturbing and not disturbing the development of plants and their aesthetic quality. In the World, the practice of watering with gray water is largely applied. Greywater is domestic wastewater originating from laundry, sink, baths and showers and kitchen sink and dishwasher waste and excludes blackwater from toilets and urinals. Bearing in mind the inability to separate different municipal wastewater, with a view this that municipal communal infrastructure system that collects all wastewater in one place is mixed in different concentrations, for the purposes of this study, gray water is collected (waste from the bathroom - after bathing, shower, hand washing and kitchen waste - after washing the dishes) immediately after its creation. Preliminary research on the territory of the -Re public of Serbia indicates the possibility of using waste water for watering, which is especially important for the maintenance of green infrastructure during the dry season. This type of watering of urban vegetation can significantly contribute to the area in which it is used, both from the economic (saving of resources and finance), and from the ecological aspect (preservation of water resources and maintenance of vegetation).

Key words: gray water, green infrastructure, urban greenery, watering

24 USING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND HUNTING: Oral presentations

FOSTERING INNOVATION IN FORESTRY

Author(s): 1. Mario Šporčić, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected] 2. Matija Landekić, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia 3. Stjepan Posavec, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia 4. Matija Bakarić, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract: Innovation is the cornerstone of today’s business practice and a driving force of modern economy. At the level of a common European policy, innovation (integral element of the “Europe 2020 Strat- egy”) is considered to be a crucial agent for the creation of economic growth and employment, and the strengthening of rural area development. For many thriving companies inovations are the key factor of their growth and development. The importance and role of innovations have also been recognized in forestry, and in many developed countries, different projects and actions are being implemented related to strengthening of innovative forestry activities. This paper presents two programs which play an important role in promoting and encouraging innovation in forestry, and contribute to raising the profession’s and public awareness about the importance of innovation. One of these programs is the “Schweighofer prize” which represents Innovation Award for the Eu- ropean Forest-Based Sector. The other program is the “KWF innovation medal” as the award for the most innovative forestry developments/products which is being given at one of the most important forest technology events in Central Europe and one of the largest forest technology trade fairs KWF- Tagung (KWF Days) by Kuratorium für Waldarbeit und Forsttechnik (KWF). The overview of selected programs includes innovation categories and prizes, nomination and evaluation procedure, and -par ticularly awarded innovations, i.e. recent winners. Additionaly, based on the conducted research in Croatian forestry, paper provides basic information about the level and condition of innovations in state forest company “Croatian forests “ Ltd. In this aspect, rather unfavourable status of innovations has been found, reflected in the low innovation culture of the company, rare innovation activities, lack of adequate incentives, bureaucratic obstacles, etc. Related to this, paper also shows the formal company attitude towards innovations and explains the main provisions of the company’s Ordinance on innovation activity. Innovations in forestry are regarded as an instrument which can improve competitiveness of forest products and services, strengthen the development of forestry and wood processing industry, and provide successful answers to the challenges ahead. The aim of this paper is to give a framework idea about the programs aimed at promoting innovation in forestry, by presenting certain innovations and forestry innovation prizes. Through examples of successful (awarded) innovations and the presentation of two prominent initiatives for evaluation and rewarding innovations in forestry, the intention is to point out the importance of development and promotion of innovations and thus contribute to raising the innovation culture in forestry.

Key words: forestry, innovation, innovation award, promoting innovations

25 USING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND HUNTING: Oral presentations

INFLUENCE OF DIFFERENT HARVESTING METHODS ON THE DAMAGES ON THE STANDING TREES

Author(s): 1. Dane Marčeta, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Vladimir Petković University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Ozren Žolja, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: Damages which occur in the stand during felling and transport depend on harvesting system, density of forest roads, terrain condition and other factors. That is showed in a several studies (Doležal, 1984; Sabo, 2003; Košir, 2000). Residual stand damage includes damage to the stem (scarring or removal of bark), crown (breaking), and root (exposed). The extent of damage is highly related to the harvesting methods used. Ground skidding with skidder, used in primary transportation because of the low cost and high efficiency, is highly damaging residual stand and forest soil (Naghdi, 2005). Serious damages to the residual stand can affect the income of the forestry industry, forest owner and future crops. This type of damage can result in the death of the tree or volume losses due to decay (Han and Kellogg, 2000). In this study investigation was done in two compartments in the area of the FMU “Ribnik”. In each compartment 2 sample plots were selected, (A1, A2, B1 and B2). Sample plots were selected in the ways that have as much as possible similar stand and habitat conditions. On sample plots A1 and B1 the assortment harvesting method was performed, and on sample plots A2 and B2 half-tree harvesting method was performed. After cutting and skidding, damages were evidenced on all sample plots. Measuring was done on all damaged trees above 7 cm DBH. Total survey was done and several different parameters were measured. Results showed that total number of damages and the number of damages per tree was higher on the sample plots A1 and A2 than on the B1 and B2. The number of damaged trees per ha was similar regardless harvesting method. Within the same harvesting method the average damage surface was larger on sample plots with the half-tree length harvesting method, 50% were larger damages on sample plot A2 (half-tree length method) than A1(assortment method) and 21.7% on B2 (half-tree length method) than B1 (assortment method).

Key words: damages, harvesting method, skidding

26 USING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND HUNTING: Oral presentations

FUEL CONSUMPTION OF FORWARDER IN LOWLAND FORESTS OF BROADLEAVED OAK

Author(s): 1. Zdravko Pandur, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected] 2. Marijan Šušnjar, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia 3. Marin Bačić, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia 4. Kruno Lepoglavec, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Za- greb, Croatia 5. Hrvoje Nevečerel, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Za- greb, Croatia

Abstract: Fuel consumption in wood harvesting processes is significant for economic and environmental -rea sons. For economic reasons, most of the costs of wood harvesting are reduced to fuel costs, and for environmental reasons because 80 to 95% of exhaust emissions and soot particles in forest machinery are associated with fuel consumption. The fuel consumption was measured on two different types of forwarders manufactured by Valmet during the winter shelterwood cuts while for- warding technical and energy wood. Measuring instruments used are differential fuel flow meter and measuring probe, and FMS (Fleet Management System) for measuring data transmission. In the results, fuel consumption is expressed in five different ways, such as hourly, over distance traveled, per transported volume and mass of the load, as well as in dependence on mass and distance traveled. Fuel consumption is also stated for individual cycle components. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of used fuel measuring devices are shown.

Key words: energy wood, forwarder, fuel consumption, lowland forests of broadleaved oak, technical wood

27 USING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND HUNTING: Oral presentations

RESEARCH OF UTILIZATION OF WOOD AS RENEWABLE RAW MATERIAL IN SLOVAKIA

Author(s): 1. Martin Moravčík, National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 92 Zvolen, Slovak Republic, [email protected]

Abstract: The presentation builds on the preliminary results of the ongoing research project aimed at the use of wood as a renewable raw material in the transition to a green economy, the main objective of which is to create an optimal model of wood use in Slovakia. It presents the results of the analysis of the production potential of Slovak forests and the prognosis of its development, with a particular- at tention paid to the possibilities of wood felling, its tree species composition and the representation of the quality grades of wood assortments. The analysis is based on the data originating from two sources of information: (i) summary information on the state of forests obtained from data of the forest management plans and (ii) from the National Forestry Inventory and Monitoring of the Slovak Republic, based on a mathematical and statistical methods of surveying the state and development of forests. Since the start the project, the current material flows of wood in the Slovak wood- processing sectors have been identified and quantified to some extent. Consequently, the factors influencing the wood flows were determined. Based on the present state of wood utilisation in the Slovak Republic, a proposal of the simplified basic model of wood flows was developed. This basic model will serve as a reference basis for the comparison with other wood use options. The proposed structure of the model covers the flows of the three main groups of raw wood assortments: (i) roundwood, (ii) pulpwood, (iii) fuelwood and separate flow of forest chips. The wood flows cover the primary and secondary sources on one side, and their utilization on the other side through the flows of material, waste and energy. Apparent consumption (production + import – export) is taken to the account in the analysis of individual material flows. Apparent consumption (production + import – export) is taken to the account in the analysis of individual material flows. Variant models of wood flows will be based on the proposed changes to the current state resulting from the analysis of factors affecting the flows of wood with the aim to achieve: - optimal value utilisation of available structure of raw wood assortments,–increased domestic level of wood consumption (export vs. domestic consumption),- application of the principles of cascade wood utilisation with the priority to use wood in long life cycles,–generation of energy primarily from wood waste, residues or recycled products, - improvement in the carbon balance of wood use through the changes in the structure of wood products. Carbon monitoring and quantification in individual phases of wood flows and- har vested wood products (HWP) will be carried out for the purposes of modelling and optimization of wood utilization. For this purpose the existing approaches based on the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories will be used. Acknowledgments: This presentation was created with the support of the project APVV-14-0869 “Research on the utilization of wood as renewable raw material in the context of green economy”.

Key words: carbon balance, wood assortments, wood felling, wood flows, wood products

28 USING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND HUNTING: Oral presentations

SKIDDING DISTANCES AND SKIDDING FACTOR

Author(s): 1. Vladimir Petković, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Dane Marčeta, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Darko Ljubojević, “Šume Republike Srpske” (Public Forest Enterprize “Forests of R. Srpska”) a.d. Sokolac, Forestry Office Banja Luka, Ðakona Avakuma 4, 79240 Kozarska Dubica, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Potočnik Igor, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Abstract: Transport of timber is one the most expensive part of wood production. It usually consists of three phases: winching, skidding and transport of wood with the trucks. The first and the second phase of transport are the most important from the point of skidding costs. They depend on distance between felling area of trees in the forest and the nearest forest road. That distance is a skidding distance. Determination of skidding distance is very important for operational planning in forestry because it is an indicator of forest accessibility. Value of skidding distance can be obtained in several ways: measurement of distance in the field by skid trails, calculating by using the mathematical models and by using of Geographic Information System (GIS) software. Types of skidding distance can be geometric and real. Geometric skidding distance is obtained by using GIS software, and it is defined as distance between center of gravity of compartment and the nearest point on the forest road. Real skidding distance is calculated on the basis of length of the skid trails. Skidding factor is calculated as ratio of real and geometric skidding distance. It is compared with skidding factors for similar terrain conditions and relief area, because it depends on slope of terrain and presence of obstacles on terrain surface. The skid trails were surveyed by GPS device in the 27 compartments of Forest Management Units (FMU) “Prosara” and “Kozara-Mlječanica” of Forest Management Area (FMA) “Kozaračko”, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Key words: BIH, geometric skidding distance, GIS, GPS, transport

29 USING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND HUNTING: Oral presentations

MARKETING OF NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN MANIPUR, INDIA

Author(s): 1. Khulakpam Apshahana, Forest Research Institute, Jamia Hamdard Residential Coaching Acad- emy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110062, India, [email protected] 2. A. K. Sharma, Forest Research Institute, P.O. New Forest, Dehradun, Uttrakhand-248001, India

Abstract: Forests provide a diversity of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and presently, 80% of the population in developing countries uses them for meeting their nutritional needs and medicine. Agenda 21 adopted at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development at Rio de Janeiro 1992, has also emphasized NTFPs as a source of environmentally sound and sustainable development. The State of Manipur in North East India hosts a large variety of NTFPs including wild edible plants (WEP) on which local communities have a significant dependence both for own consumption as well as trade. The NTFPs are seasonally collected by villagers and sold to different stakeholders in small town markets. The major quantity of these finds their way to the capital market at Imphal. At Impahal, majority of the trade occurs at the Khwairamband Bazar, also known as Ima Keithel, which means “mother’s market”. This is the oldest market in the area where all traders (around 4000) are exclusively Women. The market has seven segments Viz., Purana Bazaar (also called Nupi Keithel), Laxmi bazaar, New market (Nupa keithel), Nagamapal keithel, Session court, Chakrikom and Maha- rani Bridge. Each segment of the market has fixed allocation for particular trading items and cannot change her trade into other items, though there are no written rules. The Ima market has its own set of unwritten rules and norms that are followed religiously by the women. Some of the common wild edible species traded by the people include; young leaves of Ficus auriculata (heiba mana), leaves and fruits of Oroxylun indicum (samba), tender leaves and fruits of Rhus succedanea (hei- mang), tender leaves of Zanthoxylum acanthopodiun (mukthrubi maton), inflorescence, fruits and bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (ushingsha), fruits of Terminalia citrine (manahi), Emblica offici- nalis (heikru), Houttuynia cordata(tokningkok), tender leaves of Schima wallichii (ushoi maton), Cy- cas pectinata(yendang), leaves of Clerodendron serratum (moirang khanam), Curcuma angustifolia (yaipal), Alpinia allughas (loklei), A.nigra (pullei), Smilax species (kwamanbi), stem pith of Caryota urens, lichen, mushroom etc. Fresh shoots of M. baccifera, D. hamiltonii, Chimonobambusa callosa. Schizophyllum commune, Auricularia delicate, Pleurotus ostreatus are some of the varieties of dried as well as fresh mushrooms sold in this market. Some important medicinal plants are also traded in the market and these include Abroma augusta, Acorus calamus, Alpinia nigra, Amomum spp, Aquilaria malaccensis, Berberis spp, Brucea mollis, Clerodendron colebrookianum, Costus speciosus, Dioscorea spp, Equisetum diffusum, Lycopodium spp, Paedaria foetida, Podophyllum hexandrum and Valeriana jatamansii, etc., the leaves, petioles and young shoots of Euryale ferox, Houttuynia cordata, Ipomea aquatic, Persicaria hydropiper, Sesbania sesban and Stellaria species. Some of the families make their livelihood exclusively from the collection and marketing of these products in this market. The people of Manipur collects lot of wild vegetables and wild fruits from nearby forests to meet their daily requirement. The Ima market symbolizes the women’s status and pride of place in the state. It is a proof of how significant and crucial a role NTFPs and woman play in the society.

Key words: NTFP, Manipur India, marketing, tribal livelihood, wild edibles

30 USING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND HUNTING: Oral presentations

INVASIVE EXPANSION OF THE GOLDEN JACKALS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): 1. Tijana Trbojević, Ecology Research Association EID, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Igor Trbojević, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sciences, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: From the first findings of the golden jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it has been almost past thirty years, but knowledge of this species is still very deficient. Due to the growing number of reported cases of damages that this species made, primarily on small cattle, extensive research has been carried out to collect data on its new distribution. Using acoustic (play- back) method we collected 71 records of territorial jackal groups along three transects covering 2168 km², from October to December 2016. By collecting data on killed individuals, for the period from 2000 to 2016, 212 data were collected using hunting statistics, daily and periodic press and interview with hunters and local population. Comparing these data with data from the 80s and 90s of the 20th century, came to a very clear picture of rapid and invasive expansion spread of jackals on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There are several factors that have influenced on the rate of expansion and the looks of distribution of jackals, and one of them is the presence of his cousin, the wolves (Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758). Key words: acoustic method, Bosnia and Herzegovina,Canis aureus, Canis lupus, distribution, golden jackal, invasive expansion

31 USING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND HUNTING: Oral presentations

REPRESENTATION OF WILD FRUIT SPECIES SUITABLE FOR RED DEER FEEDING IN THE AREA OF DJERDAP NATIONAL PARK

Author(s): 1. Dragica Vilotić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Marina Nonić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Bel- grade, Serbia 4. Dragan Gačić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Ser- bia

Abstract: There are the total of 57 identified forest and shrub communities in the area of Djerdap National Park. The flora of this area is known by its diversity and abundance, but the diversity of habitats and communities has also affected the fauna. There is a registered presence of red deer (about 220 individuals in spring 2017), chamois (90), roe deer (900), wild boar (250), brown hare (700), wolf (24), jackal (10), red fox (240), badger (120), pheasant (50), grey partridge (240), woodcock (100), and many other strictly protected species. Red deer was in the past distributed in the hilly and mountainous regions of Central Serbia, but due to irrational hunting and the deteriorated stand conditions, already in 1905 it became an endangered species or it disappeared. During the period from 1962 to 1964, red deer originating from Belje (n=16) and Mt. Fruška gora (n=2) were settled in the central area of the National Park in a place called “Kusi rt” (Forest Management Unit “Zlatica”), where an enclosed shelter area of about 6 ha had previously been established. Considering that the red deer is fed with various forest plants, including berries, tree seedlings and the bark of trees, the Djerdap National Park is a suitable area for red deer feeding. The aim of this paper was to give a review of wild fruit species that are suitable for red deer feeding in the area of Djerdap National Park. Identification of the species was done in different sites. Some of recorded fruit species are: Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Cornus mas L., Corylus avellana L., Corylus colurna L., Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Juglans regia L., Malus syvlestris (L.) Mill., Prunus avium L., Prunus spinosa L., Pyrus communis L., Rosa canina L., Sambucus nigra L., Sorbus torminalis (L) Crantz., Sorbus domesticaL., etc. In addition to a brief description, the distribution of these species in the Djerdap National Park, specifying the name of the location, are presented.

Key words: Djerdap National Park, red deer, wild fruit species

32 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY: Oral presentations

RANKING OF FOREST ENTERPRISES ORGANIZATIONAL UNITS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE POSSIBILITIES OF DIFFERENTIAL RENT ALLOCATION

Author(s): 1. Dragan Čomić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Zoran Govedar, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Vojislav Dukić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Ratko Čomić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry (retired), Slatinska 16, Priječani, Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 5. Branko Glavonjić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 6. Branislav Cvjetković, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7. Vladimir Petković, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: A rent, as an income, is based on the ownership rights and is present in all fields where natural conditions, primarily soil, have a significant role in the process of biological production. Its basic purpose in forestry should be management sustainability, which refers to the use of forests in accordance with the principle of production continuity. Neglecting a rent in forestry, as an economic category, may have a harmful effect on the forest fund, since it may cause a decline in production and reproduction in forestry without possibility to intervene in time if not timely recognized and periodically monitored. As stated in the the Study: A proposal of measures for redefining the organizational, economic and personnel conditions in PFE Forests of the Republic of Srpska (Government of the RS, 2015), the costs of production services when producing forest wood assortments, vary from one organizational unit to another, but it amounts approximately BAM 30/m3 (about EUR 15/m3). This variation of costs, with approximately the same selling prices, causes differences in the achieved profit of each PFE organizational unit. In fact, this is a consequence of various natural and economic conditions in which production takes place. On this basis, PFE organizational units with the costs of production services lower than the average, make extraprofit due to natural advantages, more favorable location and lower transportation costs. This extraprofit is in the form of differential rent of the position and site quality. The main objective of this paper is to define a model which would, through a multicriteria analysis, be used to define positions or ranking of certain PFE organizational units within the system of PFE Forests of the Republic of Srpska, in accordance with the possibilites of allocating the funds for differential rent. In this sense, considering the original 84 variables, after 118 participants were questioned, 10 variables were selected and analyzed in detail. On the basis of the obtained results, as well as the previously defined methodology, organizational units were ranked in the system of PFE Forests of the Republic of Srpska, in accordance to the real possibilities of allocating the funds of differential rent. The defined methodology is multicriterial, but within the overall research, individual PFE organizational units were ranked by individual variables. The aim was to create a not too complicated and widely applicable methodology, which would be used for forest enterprises organizational units ranking in other regions/states as well. Basic research techniques and methods used in this paper are analysis, classification, synthesis, comparation, Parreto analysis, modelling, desk method, survey. Key words: differential rent, FEU ranking 33 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY: Oral presentations

CONTRIBUTION OF WOOD ENERGY TO MEET THE 2020 RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGET FOR BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): 1. Branko Glavonjić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Dragan Čomić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Aleksandra Lazarević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Bel- grade, Serbia 4. Miljan Kalem, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: The paper shows research results for the consumption of wood energy and its contribution to meet the 2020 renewable energy target for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Complex methodological approach was used for conducting the research, which required field research. The research was conducted in the period between March 15th and April 22nd 2016 including 8,500 households in 109 cities/municipalities in the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1,759 commercial buildings, 922 public buildings, 12 district heating systems, 86 companies from wood industry and 94 wood fuel producers. Research results show that in 2015 total value of wood energy available for final consumption at the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina was 54.5 thousand TJ or 1.29 mtoe. Among this, 735.8 TJ was spent for non- energy purposes, and 53.85 TJ or 1.28 mtoe for energy purposes. The most important category of wood fuel users are households, 51 563.5 TJ or about 96% of total final consumption. Other sectors, which include facilities of public importance, commercial buildings and industry, use about 4% of the final energy consumption. The results of the energy balance of wood energy in 2015 show that wood energy plays the crucial role in achieving the national target for 2020.

Key words: consumption, energy, target, wood

34 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY: Oral presentations

CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN FORESTRY AND NATURE CONSERVATION: INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND POLICY MEASURES IN SLOVENIA, CROATIA AND SERBIA

Author(s): 1. Jelena Nedeljković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Mirjana Stanišić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Dragan Nonić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Nenad Ranković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 5. Marta Curman, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia 6. Mersudin Avdibegović, University of Sarajevo, Forestry Faculty, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Federation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina 7. Špela Pezdevšek Malovrh, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Forestry and Renewable forest resources, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Abstract: Recognizing the complexity of the negative impacts of climate change (CC) on different sectors, the European Union (EU) has emphasized the importance and the need to develop appropriate institutional frameworks and supportive measures. Slovenia and Croatia, as EU members and Serbia, as a candidate for EU membership, have significant natural resources that have been endangered over the past years due to catastrophic natural disasters, which had an impact on the forestry and nature conservation sectors. The aim of the paper is to identify the institutional frameworks of forestry and nature conservation sectors and CC mitigation measures at the EU level, in Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia. In addition, the aim is also to study attitudes towards the competencies of relevant institutions and organizations, assess the interests and impacts related to mitigation and adaptation to CC, and policy measures. Collection of primary data was carried out using interviews. Secondary data were collected from internal reports, strategic and legislative documents. Content analysis was used for data processing as well as statistical analysis. The interview protocol consisted of 22 questions divided into five groups. For the purposes of this paper, responses to questions related to institutional frameworks and policy measures for mitigating the negative effects of CC were analyzed. The sample consisted of 18 respondents (CRO-6, SLO-5, SRB-7), namely representatives of: ministries responsible for forestry and environment, protected area management organization, state forest management enterprises, educational and research organizations, and non-governmental organizations. Respondents were selected by judgmental sampling. The research results indicate a very complex system of general directorates’ organization in the EU, with a clear division of compe- tences related to forestry and nature conservation. The forestry sector is, in all selected countries, positioned together with the agriculture, while the nature conservation is positioned within the environmental sector. CC mitigation issues are more integrated within the forestry sector in Slovenia and Croatia than in Serbia. Need for improvement of the institutional framework in forestry sector advocates 60% of respondents in Slovenia in comparison to Croatia (100%) and Serbia (89%). In nature conservation, attitudes are more balanced, (advocating in the range from 67-75% in all three

35 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY: Oral presentations countries). CC mitigation measures in the EU are grouped in the following way: the replacement of non-renewable energy sources with biomass, forest carbon sequestration and the use of wood products. The EU provides various funding for the implementation of these measures (e.g. Euro- pean Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, LIFE Program 2014-2020), but none of them directly relates to the forestry sector. Regarding the type of policy measures, regulatory and financial, followed by information measures are mostly present in analysed countries. The most commonly used groups are measures for forest carbon sequestration.

Key words: climate changes mitigation, forestry, institutional framework, nature conservation, policy measures

36 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY: Oral presentations

LOCAL COMMUNITY’S DEPENDENCE ON FOREST RESOURCES IN THE CENTRAL ZAGROS FORESTS OF IRAN

Author(s): 1. Beytollah Mahmoudi, Shahrekord University, Rahbar Boulevard, Shahrekord, 18. Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province, Iran, [email protected]

Abstract: Central Zagros forests of Iran have covered 12 percent of the central Zagros area and contain more than half of Zagros plant species diversity. Forest dwellers in the central Zagros are heavily depen- dent on forests. This dependence has led Forest dwellers to livelihoods to a large extent through these areas. In this study, the dependence of local communities on forest resources in central Zagros forests of Iran has been studied. The approach used in this study was a quantitative description and analysis using semi-structured interviews. The Huber volume estimation relationship was used to estimate the volume of wood consumption. The results of the research showed that on average, every forest household uses 18.88 cubic meters of oak for 12 different uses. Of this amount, 54% is spent on fuel, and the rest (46%) is spent on non- fuel. There are also 21 plant species, 7 of which are for medicinal use and 14 for edible plants. Accordingly, the annual harvest of medicinal and edible herbs is 48.5 kg per household. Annual 40.14 kg of seed and forest fruits including oak, mastic, khinjuk, hawthorn and barberry are harvested. Also according to the results, there is a significant correlation between the level of dependence on forest resources and socioeconomic indicators such as age, education, job, household size, Residence status, income, cost, Forest farming, and livestock numbers.

Key words: forest dwellers, socioeconomic Indicators, Zagros forests of Iran

37 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY:: Oral presentations

ORGANISATION OF PROCUREMENT IN WOOD SUPPLY CHAIN: IMPROVEMENT POSSIBILITIES IN SOUTH MORAVA FOREST AREA

Author(s): 1. Dragan Mihajlović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Jelena Nedeljković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Nenad Ranković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Branko Glavonjić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 5. Dragan Nonić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: The problem of procurement in companies engaged in the production of furniture and wood products in Serbia is complex. It depends on the organization and characteristics of forest-wood chain, regulations and overall organization and activity flows from forest as a source of raw materials to production of final products. The aim of the research is to determine the possibilities for improving the organization of the procurement within the wood supply chain in the South Morava Forest Area (SMFA). The data were collected in the period 2014-2017, by interviewing employees of Pub- lic enterprise „Srbijašume“ (Forest Estate “Vranje”) and surveying 13 representatives of small and medium enterprises and 1 large company (SIMPO joint stock company). Thus, two questionnaires were used: for interviews (8 open questions) and for survey (80 closed and Likert’s scale questions, of which 17 were used for the purpose of this paper). The employees of the Forest Estate “Vranje” stated that the current situation in the SMFA is characterized by an unfavourable structure of beech coppice forests, insufficient use of private forests, and inadequate forest openness. Respondents reported that transport companies do not meet requirements of provided services quality. Despite that the demand is higher than supply, large consumers do not use the benefits of annual contracts. The research shows that wood sector in the SMFA comprises 131 enterprises in 2014. The majority (79.0%) of analyzed companies are micro and small, founded (64.3%) less than 10 years ago, and have (78.6%) a functional organizational structure. Of the analysed enterprises, 35.7% is exclusively engaged in sawmill and wood processing. All companies purchase and use beech technical roundwood. Most of them (57.1%) purchase and use only beech roundwood, while a smaller number (42.9%) in addition to beech roundwood, use technical roundwood of other species (poplar, conifers, oak). Wood raw material is purchased from the public and private sectors, none of which has a dominant position in the supply. Transport of raw materials is carried out through intermediaries (92.9%) and on “bad” and “very bad” (71.0%) infrastructure. However, the majority (92.9%) of them is “partially satisfied” and “satisfied” with the quantity and quality of delivered raw materials. There is a significant presence (86.0%) of enterprises, which, in addition to technical roundwood, procure and use other wood products (fibreboards and other reproduction materials) from suppliers from other regions, except SMFA. The current situation at the SMFA indicates difficulties in increasing the supply of raw materials without the external impetus, especially when it comes to the construction of forest communications and theincrease of mobilization of resources from private forests. More-

38 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY:: Oral presentations over, an opportunity for improvement is the signing of mutual agreements between wood supply chain participants on the shortening of deadlines for the delivery of beech technical roundwood as well as the development of individual or joint projects which could be financed from national and international funds. Furthermore, state support is necessary in terms of creating more favourable conditions for the overall liquidity of all participants in the wood supply chain.

Key words: forestry, procurement, Serbia, supply chain, wood raw materials

39 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY:: Oral presentations

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT IN SRI LANKA: EMERGENCE, INFLUENCE AND LEGITIMACY

Author(s): 1. Mangala De Zoysa, University of Ruhuna, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Eco- nomics, Kamburupitiya - Matara Road, 81100, Sri Lanka, [email protected]

Abstract: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) are considered as “win-win” solutions to both government and market failures, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of sustainable forest management. PPPs in forestry sector in Sri Lanka are seen as filling a regulatory gap resulting from the attempt of gradual withdrawal of government from the management of forest resources. This study is based on a review literature and documents, complemented with observations and interviews with participants and stakeholders of different forestry projects, and discuss the PPPs in terms of emergence, influence and legitimacy. The national forest policy in 1980 emphasized the great need for sustainable management of forest resources in the involvement of local communities. Afforestation, conservation and protection are the main forestry operations and pronounced components of the emerged community-public partnerships. The national forest policy in 1995 promoted the partnerships in terms of donor–recipi- ent or public–private with local people, rural communities and other stakeholders. Establishment of timber and fuel-wood plantations, and agro-forestry woodlots have been implemented through the partnerships. The Tourism Development Strategy of Sri Lanka in 2011 – 2016 has given special emphasis on ecotourism, through partnerships between the government agencies, private sector and communities. Under a special reforestation scheme, private sector involves in forestry as a business through sustainable agro-forestry, impart financial gain and also create a cleaner and greener planet. Base on the nature of activity undertaken by the partnerships, afforestation, conservation and protection focus on consultation between government and local communities and involve concentration of policy between public and private actors. These programs have identified risk mitigation as an integral part of the public–community partnership planning process. The partnership for establishment of timber and fuel-wood plantations and agro-forestry woodlots are based on private interests participate in the strategic-level decision-making in the public interest. Investments of private sector in forest management are committed to enhance inflow of foreign exchange earnings through the export of value added forest products of Sandalwood, Mahogany and Teak. The private companies empower in- vestors with a choice to invest responsibly by offering an investment option that goes beyond financial gain to ecological and environmental gain. The Forest Ordinance has empowered Forest Department which is responsible for the management, protection and the development of forest resources. PPPs are far less frequent in rule-setting and –implementation of timber and fuel-wood plantations and agro-forestry woodlots. Work undertaken by community based organizations in the forestry sector in Sri Lanka occurs on a minor scale particularly under financial support from foreign-funded projects. Communities are not adequately recognized as stakeholders by the government agencies and as a partner in privately-run ecotourism businesses. Public perception toward private-sector engagement in management of forest resources is raising serious concerns about conflict of interest. Although the forest policies are in line with commitments promoting public-private partnerships in managing forest resources, the government needs serious efforts to engage with sustainable development.

Key words: afforestation, communities and stakeholders participation, forest conservation and protection 40 WOOD INDUSTRY:: Oral presentations

EFFECT OF PRESSING PRESSURE AND PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN CONTENT ON MECHANICAL INDICATORS OF HIGH-DENSITY FIBREBOARDS

Author(s): 1. Julia Mihajlova, University of Forestry Sofia, Kliment Ohridski Street 10, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria, [email protected]

Abstract: Main factors determining the mechanical indicators of HDF are the pressing pressure and the binder content. In the capacity of binder, most often phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR) is used. The production of fibreboards (FB) after dry method is increasingly replacing the production of FB after wet method, which determines the topicality of an investigation on the effect of PFR content and pressing pressure on the mechanical indicators of HDF. In this report, an investigation on the effect of pressing pressure and PFR content on the mechanical indicators of HDF made of wood of hard broad-leaved tree species after dry method is presented. For the purpose of the paper, a plan of the experiment has been made and experimental-statistical regression models for the effect of the two factors have been derived. Respective analysis with relevant conclusions has been made.

Key words: hard broad-leaved tree species, HDF, mechanical indicators, phenol-formaldehyde resin content, pressing pressure

41 WOOD INDUSTRY: Oral presentations

EFFECT OF PRESSING PRESSURE AND PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE RESIN CONTENT ON PHYSICAL INDICATORS OF HIGH-DENSITY FIBREBOARDS (HDF)

Author(s): 1. Julia Mihajlova, University of Forestry Sofia, Kliment Ohridski Street 10, Sofia 1756, Bulgaria, [email protected]

Abstract: Main factors determining the physical indicators of HDF are the pressing pressure and the binder content. In the capacity of binder, most often phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR) is used. The production of fibreboards (FB) after dry method is increasingly replacing the production of FBs after wet method, which determines the topicality of an investigation on the effect of PFR content and pressing pressure on the physical indicators of HDF. In this report, an investigation on the effect of pressing pressure and PFR content on the physical indicators of HDF made of wood of hard broad-leaved tree species after dry method is presented. For the purpose of the paper, a plan of the experiment has been made and experimental-statistical regression models for the effect of the two factors have been derived. Respective analysis with relevant conclusions has been made.

Key words: hard broad-leaved tree species, HDF, phenol-formaldehyde resin content, pressing pressure

42 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Oral presentations

GROWTH-CLIMATE RELATIONS OF EUROPEAN ASH (FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR L.) IN LAST CENTURY IN ’’DJERDAP’’ NATIONAL PARK, SERBIA: THE FIRST RESULTS

Author(s): 1. Branko Stajić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Marko Kazimirović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Vojislav Dukić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Živan Janjatović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: To understand how European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the area of NP ’’Djerdap’’ might respond to environmental changes, relationship between radial growth and climate was studied using basic dendroclimatological methods. For this purpose, we developed firstly a 103-year long (1913-2016) radial increment chronology from 14 ash tress (25 radial increment series). The influence of climate on the growth of E. ash was evaluated by comparing radial indices with seasonalized (three-month period) and monthly temperature and precipitation data, using correlation analysis (seasonalized) and response functions (seasonalized and monthly). On the basis of correlation analysis it was found that low precipitation in spring (April-June) and early summer (May-July) as well as high temperature in spring, early summer, summer (June-August) and late summer (July-September) were among the most important factors limiting radial increments of E. ash. In contrast, response function analysis (seasonalized data) showed that only precipitation in early summer (May-July) had a significant effect on radial increment indices values and other three-month periods were not recognized as seasons with significant growth reductions. Further, we also performed response function analysis where predictors were principal components of a set of mean temperature and precipitation data only for months in ‘’significant’’ seasons by the correlation analysis. These results pointed out that there was a strong tendency towards positive response to June precipitation. A dendroclimatological study of European ash was performed for the first time in Serbia. Our findings are of preliminary character and in order to reveal main climate factors of importance in controlling annual growth variability of European ash in the studied area, future studies of E. ash radial growth-climate relations are necessary to be performed. Such studies of growth-climate are of special importance for here analyzed tree species having in mind in the recent years observed severe crown dieback that has led to great concern for the future of ash in many parts of Europe.

Key words: climate, dendroclimatology, European ash, radial growth, Serbia

43 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Oral presentations

MAPPING OF FOREST FUNCTIONS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT

Author(s): 1. Biljana Šljukić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Milan Medarević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Dragan Borota, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 5. Nevena Vasiljević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 6. Snežana Obradović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Bel- grade, Serbia 7. Nenad Petrović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: The planning approach is one of the prerequisites for securing the accepted concept of sustainable forest management. Forest management plans are a framework for considering the multiple functions of forests in a certain area (multifunctionality) which, if we wish to adhere to sustainability principles and guidelines in forest management, need to be taken into account when defining forest management aims and measures. The primary role of mapping of forest functions is: a) in obtaining spatial information that serve as a basis for making decisions on adequate forest management and on the role (importance) of forests in landscape and land-use planning, b) in identifying, demarcat- ing and mapping all forest areas that are of special importance for the protection of nature, living environment/resources, recreation or other social and cultural interests, c) in the “specific importance” of utmost public interest to dictate even the form of silviculture and forest management, d) in the possibility of perceiving changes in forest ecosystem services over time. In the first part, the analysis of the current procedure (method) for defining forest functions and their mapping, envis- aged by the Serbian legislation and the forest planning system in Serbia, shows that the area purpose maps (priority functions), which are an integral part of plans, do not reflect the full spectrum of forest functions that are recorded when evaluating a concrete forest complex. Presented in the second part are the results of determining the forest functions of the “Istočna Boranja” management unit complex; by individual evaluation of the complex in relation to a concrete function. Also shown is a map of all functions whose value level of evaluation elements points to a functional no- ticeability in certain parts of the complex and, therefore, to the need to secure a concrete function while declaratively establishing the necessity of its fulfillment.

Key words: forest functions, mapping, sustainable forest management

44 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Oral presentations

ANALYSIS AND MONITORING OF TREE DAMAGE DUE TO ICE BREAK IN BEECH-FIR FORESTS OF GORSKI KOTAR IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE

Author(s): 1. Krunoslav Teslak, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Za- greb, Croatia, [email protected] 2. Marijana Žunić, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia 3. Karlo Beljan, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia 4. Mario Komarčević, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Za- greb, Croatia

Abstract: Frequent natural hazards are usually regarded a result of evident climate change. A representative example of such hazard was the ice rain that stroke forest area of Gorski kotar, Croatia in 2014. causing an ice break of varying intensity. In the year 2015. measurement and estimation of tree damage was performed on a subsample of field plots from National forest inventory. Of total 313 plots in beech-fir forests of that region 20 were chosen for damage estimation. Sample included managed forests and also protected area of Risnjak National park. Measurement was consistent with the NFI methodology and complemented with additional measurements in order to enable future monitoring of the tree damage and recovery. Plots within the protected area are left to the natural processes while the rest plots are subject to present and future forest management activities. Several variables were assessed for each tree on a sample plot – position, inclination, crown and trunk damage, previous damage. Description and analysis of the state of damage by tree species, stand and management factors was done based on field data. Results show the significant damage from the ice storm. On the estimated area of about 50 000 ha affected by storm, half of the trees had a bro- ken tip, and about one quarter of standing stock are trees with crown damaged more than 50%. It is estimated that 21% of standing volume is irreversibly damaged and those trees should be removed from the forests. Broadleaves were damaged more severe than conifers, sycamore maple being the most affected species, and considering the diameter structure, thin trees were affected hardest. Influence of habitat (inclination, soil depth, rockiness) and stand characteristics (canopy closure, density) is also confirmed. Results indicate possibility of stand recovery aided by adequate forest management practice aimed at more resistant stand structures. Planned monitoring on permanent plots should track stand resilience and ensure improvement of future stand structures.

Key words: climate change, forest damage, Gorski kotar region, ice break, tree damage, tree recovery

45 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Oral presentations

STRUCTURAL AND DYNAMIC CHANGES IN BEECH AND FIR FORESTS ON MT. GOČ

Author(s): 1. Snežana Obradović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Bel- grade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Damjan Pantić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Milan Medarević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Biljana Šljukić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 5. Biljana Pešić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: Mixed forests of beech and fir as a climate-regional belt are developed on Mt. Goč in Serbia. These forests are environmentally stable, structurally highly complex and very productive. Due to their small area and expressed multifunctional value, their conservation was one of the key reasons for the proclamation of the nature reserve “Goč - Gvozdac”. The primary goal of this research, based on the data of periodic measurements in permanent sample plots on Mt.Goč was to analyze the changes in structure, dynamics and dimensional diversity of these forests over the past 37 years. In this respect, the observed parameters were the number of trees, basal area, volume, as well as their distribution by diameter classes and Biolay diameter classes, changes in current volume increment, Gini coefficient and the share of tree species in the mixture. The degree of these changes and their character were used to qualify the effects of implemented management measures in the past, define future management objectives and select measures for their implementation. The results of this research have shown that the mixed forests of beech and fir on Mt. Goč have suffered a number of changes in terms of structure and production in the observed period. There was a decrease in the total number of trees per hectare, with a permanent increase in the share of trees with the largest dimensions (dbh > 50 cm) and a certain increase in dimensional diversity. Despite the decrease in the number of trees, stand volume increased over time, with significant changes in the mixture ratio. The volume increment also increased compared to the initial period, which indicates the high productivity of these forests. The resulting changes can be characterized as positive, when the high productivity of these forests is considered, which is desirable from the economic point of view. However, economic effects in the context of modern understanding of the role of forests cannot be the only goal of management, although it is desirable to align them with a number of other goals of protective and social character. Volume accumulation, difficult regeneration and ingrowth have led to certain structural and dynamic disorders. In those terms, selection cuts as a form of support to permanent selection forests should be the means of accelerating the development dynamics of these forests in the context of adaptive management, while repairing their structural and ecological stability as well as their functional value.

Key words: adaptive management, changes in time, forests of beech and fir, Mt. Goč, stand dynamics, stand structure

46 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Oral presentations

CLIMATE RESPONSE OF SILVER FIR (ABIES ALBA MILL.) IN THE KOZARA NATIONAL PARK

Author(s): 1. Jelena Subotić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Vojislav Dukić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Goran Trbić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Zoran Maunaga, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: This study on silver fir were aimed at investigating the relationship between annual ring growth rhythms and climate factors in the Kozara national park. In spring 2015 we selected four sampling plots in a mixed forest of European beech and silver fir (Festuco drymeiae-Abietetum). On each plot we sampled 15 dominant and healthy trees from the upper canopy layer. Two increment core per tree was taken with Pressler borer from the breast height. CooRecorder image analysing program was used for ring width measurements. Using the methodology of dendroclimatology, tree-rings are compared to climate data to investigate their variability and mutual connection. Statistical check of cross-dating and measurements is done in COFECHA program. Chronology by localities and mean reference chronology for Kozara national park developed in ARSTAN program. Tree-ring width series covering the period of 1927-2014 (88 years) were correlated with mean monthly temperature and precipitation (Weather station Prijedor, for the period 1961-2014). Mean sensitivity within the entire data set equals 0.232. By the correlation analysis between the tree-ring widths and monthly mean temperature the highest negative value of the correlation coefficient was determined for Sep- tember of the previous year (r = -0.43) and the highest positive value (r = 0.35) for April of the current year. Correlation analysis between the tree-ring widths and monthly precipitation amounts the highest negative value was determined for October of the current year (r = -0.20) and the highest positive value (r = 0.38) for July of the current year. The highest value of the coefficient of multiple partial correlation for temperature was determined for September of the previous year (-0.39) and for precipitation for May of the current year (0.44). Based on the data (for the period 2007-2014) with the Weather station Mrakovica (in the immediate vicinity of the sampling plots), a significant ratio of tree-ring widths and aridity index (FAI) was established. The determined value of the correlation coefficient is - 0.74.

Key words: Abies alba, aridity index, dendroclimatology, Kozara, precipitation, temperature

47 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Oral presentations

RESEARCHING THE CONCEPT OF MULTIPLE FOREST FUNCTIONS AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN PRACTICE

Author(s): 1. Aleksandra-Anja Dragomirović, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Ljiljana Došenović, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: Through this work, we will analyze terms and notions related to forest functions from available -ex pert-scientific works with objective to reevaluate our understanding of forest functions. Awareness of the importance of forest ecosystems both for the overall balance in nature and for the life of man and society as a whole has led us to re-examine the relationship that is established between societ- ies – forests/forestry. It seems like that in everyday usage of those terms we lost our sense of its full meaning. How to determinate predominant forest function in theory and in practice, and why introducing knowledge from theory in practice is so slow process. Which discourse is a predominant in our forestry today? In first part of this study we are analyzing development of forestry science in term of forest functions. Breaking point in history of forestry was when multifunctional forestry took place from monofunctional forestry in theory and than in practice (that happened in the middle of the twentieth century and was caused by development of human society in general). It comes to defining new term: multifunctional forestry or multiple uses – multiple benefit forestry – which combined economical, protective and social forest function (or in German forestry term is: Funktionentheorie, and it combined Nutz-, Schutz-, Erholungsfunktion). In the same period our forestry science embrace it and put it in our economic-political context and our term is višenamjensko šumarstvo. (In the process of analysing literature on our language we have noticed different terms that we can claim to be syn- onyms, namely: višenamjensko, višefunkcionalno, multifunkcionalno, polivalentno, polifunkcionalno, integralno, višeciljno, višestruko funkcionalno šumarstvo. To resolve this mismatch of terminology we suggest using term: višenamjensko, which is complex word originally from our language.) In second part we give overview on forestry theory today in field of redefining and development of forest functions. Forest functions have changeable wider meaning and its evolution we see as base for development of different forestry practice today in the world such as: urban forestry; forest amenity planning; social and collaborative forestry; social and community forestry; new forestry etc. The development that has taken place in many forestry practices proves us that forestry is not an unchangeable system - forestry has its own evolution. Results of this research show that in spite of declarative affiliation for multifunctional forestry we are, in our forestry practice today, closer to anachronistic monofuctional forestry. In today’s forestry, in our country, we are dealing with same term but do we understand its full meaning and do we implement it in practice. We see our forestry practice today as practice in which timber production is the main function and it only inherently ensures the delivery of all other functions (social and protective forest function). We see market-based approach (that is predominant in forestry practice) as one of the mayor problems for introducing multifunctional forestry in to practice. So at the end we give critical review on this premise – how to evaluate forest functions that don’t have market value (such as protective or social forest functions).

Key words: forest functions, monofunctional forestry, multifunctional forestry, multiple benefit forestry, multiple uses forestry, protective forest function, social forest function

48 SILVICULTURE: Oral presentations

A REVIEW OF THE STAND STRUCTURE OF MATURE SESSILE OAK STANDS IN NORTHEASTERN SERBIA BEFORE PLANNED REGENERATION

Author(s): 1. Martin Bobinac, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Siniša Andrašev, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3. Nenad Radaković, Enterprise NP “Đerdap”, Donji Milanovac, Serbia 4. Nikola Šušić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 5. Andrijana Bauer-Živković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: The paper shows the stand structure of well preserved monodominant, mature sessile oak stands of seedling origin (Quercetum petraeae Čer. et Jov. 1953., sub-association tilietosum (PSP-1) and sub-association typicum (PSP-2)) in the area of National park ‘’Đerdap’’, before planned regeneration. The researchers are based on data collected in 1992 and 1995 on permanent sample plots (PSP) in the period of massive sessile oak decline that started in this area in 1982. The stands are around 150 years old with only sessile oak in the tree layer. In 1992, on permanent sample plot 1 (PSP-1), the tree canopy was estimated at 0.7-0.8, there were 275 trees per hectare with basal area of 35.98 m2.ha-1, stand volume of 470.55 m3.ha-1 and current volume increment of 5.62 m3.ha-1. The mean stand diameter is 40.8 cm and the mean stand height is 24.2 m. In the stand structure, 90.9% of the trees belong to the dominant crown class (CC-1), 57.5% of the trees have good stem quality (SQ-1), 11.3% the of trees have predominantly free isolation of the crown (IC-1), and 91.6% of the trees are healthy (A0). On permanent sample plot 2 (PSP-2), the tree canopy was estimated at 0.7, there were 192 trees per hectare with basal area of 31.38 m2.ha-1, stand volume of 389.06 m3.ha-1 and current volume increment of 4.16 m3.ha-1. The mean stand diameter is 45.6 cm and the mean stand height is 22.8 m. In the stand structure, 91.1% of the trees belong to the dominant crown class (CC-1), 49.5% of the trees have good stem quality (SQ-1), 20.8% of the trees have predominantly free isolation of the crown (IC-1), and 89.6% of the trees are healthy (A0). In 1995 on PSP-1 the ground cover was 0,5 m high on average and it was consisted of abundantly regenerated silver lime. Other tree species are regenerated at a lower population level and have less coverage in the ground cover. In one part of the area, sessile oak is very densely regenerated. On PSP-2 the ground cover was 1,3 m high on average and it was consisted of very densely regenerated sessile oak seedlings of good quality. Other tree species are regenerated at a lower population level and have less coverage in the ground cover. The data show that the stand structure of mature stands in different sub-associations of a monodominant sessile oak stand, that are the result of similar influences, demands a need of divergent silvicultural measures in further management in order to conserve the diversity of monodominant sessile oak stands.

Key words: planned regeneration, Serbia, sessile oak, stand structure

49 SILVICULTURE: Oral presentations

WEED CONTROL IN POPLAR PLANTATIONS

Author(s): 1. Ranko Sarić, “Vojvodinašume” (Forests of Vojvodina) Public Company, Maksima Gorkog 24, 26000 Pančevo, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Milorad Danilović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Vladimir Ćirović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: This paper presents results of research of two ways of weed control in Populus x euramericana ’I-214’ and Populus x euramericana ’M1’ plantations. Weed control was carried out mechanically (hoeing the seedlings) and by using chemicals (glyphosate). The research realized in eight sample plots in the period from 2011 to 2016. Weed control by using glyphosate was implemented in the circle area of one meter radius around the seedlings. This tending measure was implemented in 9% of total area size during the first three ages of plantation existence. The herbicide effect on poplar growth was explored between the ages one and six. Tree diameter at breast height and diameter increment were significantly larger in treated sample plots than in the control plots. Research results show that tree diameters in treated poplar plantations at the age of five and six are 3,4 – 4,3 cm larger. Savings achieved by using chemicals are significant.

Key words: diameter increment, herbicide, poplar, tending measure

50 SILVICULTURE: Oral presentations

ANALYSIS OF FOREST CULTURES AND PROPOSAL OF MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA

Author(s): 1. Zoran Govedar, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Repubic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Milun Krstić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Srđan Keren, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Forestry, al. 29. listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland 4. Velibor Blagojević, “Šume Republike Srpske” (Public Forest Enterprize “Forests of R. Srpska”) a.d. Sokolac, RDPC Banja Luka, Grčka 21, 78000 Banja Luka, the Repubic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herze- govina 5. Milan Stojanović, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Repubic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 6. Vasilije Trifković, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Abstract: The paper analyzes the state of forest cultures with estimated wood quantity in the Republic of Srpska, which are state-owned and managed by the Public Forestry Enterprise “Šume Republike Srpske”. These forest cultures cover a total area of 44,424.28 ha or 4.5% of the total forest area of Republic of Srpska. Tree species composition, volume by age class and volume increment were analyzed. It was found that most areas occupy the forest cultures of Norway spruce, Scots pine and black pine. The average volume of forest cultures owned by Republic of Srpska is 187.19 m3/ha, with an average volume increment of 9.8 m3/ha. The largest share of forest cultures was identified in the age group of 20-40 years. In this age class 32,008.41 ha or 72% of the total area of forest cultures was determined. In most forest cultures, the adequate and timely silvicultural measures (thinnings) were not carried out, which negatively affected the stand quality. Forest management measures in the future should be geared to growth measures as preventative measures to improve the overall state of forest cultures. Particularly important crops are those older than ½ rotation age as forestry plans must define the length of rotation, future measures, and management goals.

Key words: forest cultures, silvicultural measures, timber volume, volume increment

51 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Oral presentations

GENETIC VARIABILITY OF SERBIAN SPRUCE (PICEA OMORIKA /PANČIĆ/ PURKYNE) IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA (BIH)

Author(s): 1. Milan Mataruga, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Vanja Daničić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Barbara Fussi, Bayerisches Amt für forstliche Saat- und Pflanzenzucht, 83317 Teisendorf, Forstamtsplatz 1, Germany 4. Branislav Cvjetković, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 5. Vasilije Isajev, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry (retired), Lješka 57, Beograd, Serbia

Abstract: Serbian spruce (Picea omorika Pančić/Purkyne) is an endemic coniferous species in the Drina River valley in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina and western Serbia with an extremely small and scattered natural distribution. Serbian spruce has been a legally protected species in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina since 1964 and is listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species owing to its limited natural range (Conifer Specialists Group 1998). Taking into account the specificity of geographical distribution, degree of protection, the number of natural populations, this species has been studied for a long time from the aspect of genetic diversity. Altogether 689 individuals from ofP. omorika 14 populations (29 to 67 individuals per population) were sampled in 2016. DNA was extracted from needles using the CTAB method following DOYLE AND DOYLE (1990). Before extraction, needles were lyophilized. Molecular tools comprised 10 nuclear microsatellites (WS00716.F13, WS0092. M15, WS0022.B15, WS0073.H08, WS00111.K13, Pa51, Pa47, WS0092.A19, WS0046.M11, WS0032. M17_ schwarz). The obtained data was analyzed using the statistical programs GenAlEx 6.501 (PEAKALL AND SMOUSE 2012), Micro-Checker 2.2.3. (VAN OSTERHOUT ET AL. 2004) and Structure 2.3.4. (PRITCHARD ET AL. 2000). The number of detected alleles for each locus varied between 2 and 24, and mean number of alleles per locus varied between 2,90 (Panjak) and 5,00 (Veliki Stolac). Similar large differences between populations were found for the mean values of rare alleles varying from 2,89 (Panjak) to 4.59 (Veliki Stolac). Private alleles were found in five out of 14 analyzed populations; Viagor and Krušev do with a mean of 0,2 and Veliki Stolac, Vidikovac, Radomišlja with a mean of 0.1. Null alleles were detected only for one locus (WS00111.K13) in the population Baba- Starogorska stijena. The mean number of effective alleles varied between 2.10 (Radomišlja) and 3.03 (Suvi do). The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.395 (Vidikovac) to 0,540 (Grad). Values for expected heterozygosity varied between 0.394 (Vidikovac) and 0,493 (Suvi do and Grad). The UPGMA analysis revealed different clustering pattern between populations, being the grouping according to geographic distances. Analysis of nSSR data using Structure software revealed 9 clusters. The statistical analysis of the nSSR results through PCoA based on Nei’s distance revealed a clear genetic differentiation of the Radomišlja population compared to the remaining populations.- Inter pretation of the results in the view of gene conservation and seed stand selection will be presented.

Key words: genetic diversity, nuclear microsatellites, Serbian spruce

52 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Oral presentations

INCREASING THE QUALITY AND QUANTITY OF FRUCTIFICATION BY TRANSFORMING YOUNG REGULAR FOREST STANDS INTO SEED STANDS

Author(s): 1. Vladimir Novotny, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia, [email protected] 2. Mladen Ivanković, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia 3. Saša Bogdan, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia 4. Miran Lanšćak, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia 5. Sandra Crnković, “Hrvatske šume” (Croatian Forest) limited liability company, Kneza Branimira 1, Zagreb, Croatia 6. Vlatko Uzelac, “Hrvatske šume” (Croatian Forest) limited liability company, Kneza Branimira 1, Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract: The absence of crop is one of the most current problems of forestry profession because the absence of spontaneous and periodic crops in nature causes natural regeneration becoming more and more questionable. In traditional forestry, seeds are produced in forest seed stands, which are spatially defined, phenotypically higher quality and more than 80 years old. This paper represents the initial phase of a longer time cycle of multidisciplinary research why, when and how, from young regular forest stand, grows seed stand. Main goals are: 1) Selection of species and establishment of permanent experimental plots for research 2) Determine and analyse the structural elements of permanent experimental plots 3) Determine the criteria for selection of seed trees 4) Determine the criteria for the implementation of breeding and genetic meliorative procedures Based on the scientific, professional and practical knowledge of forest management, silviculture, genetics and seed production, for the establishment of the plots, stands of pedunculated oak from second, third and fourth age class were chosen. Experimental plots are permanently marked, each consisting of four equal subplots of 0.25 ha, bounded on all sides by a 15-meter boundary zone. Each tree is marked by a number and a georeferenced. Statistical analyses of the stand structures and the structure of the crown of the experimental plots were based on the data of the terrain survey at the level of the tree, the level of the subplots and the level of the plots. Criteria for selecting seed trees was determined based on the model of phenotypic selection made by defining the objective criteria for evaluating the tree form, the quality of the crown, the fullness, the spiral grain, the position in the stand and the health status of all the oak trees. All oaks whose estimation of phenotype is greater than the minimum for one standard deviation of the total grade of the subplots phenotype, represent selected seed trees. Silviculture and genetic meliorative interventions, around selected seed trees, remove oak trees with their crowns touching or at a distance of up to 50 cm from their crowns and all other species of trees, whose height is greater than 2/3 of the height of the beginning of the crown of the selected tree.

Key words: pedunculate oak, phenotypic selection, Seed crop, stand renewal, seed stand, seed tree

53 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Oral presentations

FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA – STATE, LEGISLATIVE, CONSERVATION AND CLIMATE CHANGES

Author(s): 1. Branislav Cvjetković, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Milan Mataruga, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Dalibor Ballian, University of Sarajevo, Forestry Faculty, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Federa- tion of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Vanja Daničić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 5. Rifet Terzić, University of Tuzla, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Univerzitetska 4, 75000 Tuzla, Federation of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to one of the 36 “hot spots” of biodiversity in the world. Although the total country area is small, due to the specific geographical position where the Mediterranean, Alpine and Central European climate are present, the influence of specific climate conditions reflects on diversity of environmental conditions (the diversity of geological, hydrological, pedological and climatic characteristics), B&H is an area of exceptional gene, special and ecosystem diversity. The richness of diversity is reflected in a large number of plant species in the region (about 4,500 higher plants, 600 taxa of moss and about 80 ferns, about 250 indigenous species of forest trees and shrubs. The diversity of BiH species is characterized by the highest degree of endemicity in Europe. That the Balkan Mountains have much more enedemic species than the other Mediterranean mountains in Europe, but less phylogenetic research compared to other mountains. Genetic characterization has been investigated for a high number of the most important forest species, where a high level of variability has been determined. Forest genetic resources are exposed to the effects of climate change through increasing average monthly and annual temperatures and redistribution of precipitation during the year, and through various negative human activities, and the final result -in ir reversible loss of forests biodiversity. In these conditions it is necessary to protect forest genetic resources. Past activities to preserve forest genetic resources in B&H can be divided into two basic groups: in situ and ex situ conservation. The most commonly type of in-situ conservation in BiH are seed objects, in total 209 of which: 124 are seeds stands, 32 are individual trees, 52 are groups of trees and 1 seed zone. Significant in- situ conservation types are also protected areas, two areas of nature reserves, two virgin forests and three national parks. Areas of protected areas are below the European average, and by 2018 they should amount to about 10%. It is often a conflict of economic and ecological interests. Potential new areas that could be considered as protective are those that are unfit for forest management in an economic sense. In B&H, besides in-situ cosmetics, different types of ex situ conservation of forest genetic resources are applied, of which the most important are established seed plantations (4), provenance tests (6) and progeny test (1). BiH is a signatory of many important international documents that regulate the issue of preserving the forest genetic resources in terms of climate change. Laws in BiH are supported by international documents, but due to the lack of funding and the complexity of the bureaucratic apparatus, the implementation of the signed conventions and other documents in BiH is lagging behind in the countries in the region. Republic of Srpska (as a one of two entities in BiH) has a Program of Forest Genetic Resources as a Strategy for FGR for a period until 2025, adopted by the Government of Republic of Srpska. Key words: climate change, conservation and legislation in B&H, genetic resources, state. 54 FOREST PROTECTION: Oral presentations

THE MOST IMPORTANT PARASITIC FUNGI ASSOCIATED WITH CANKERS (ON THE BARK AND STEM), GALLS AND WITCHES’ BROOMS ON FOREST TREES IN SERBIA

Author(s): 1. Dragan Karadžić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Ivan Milenković, Mendel University, Phytophthora Research Centre, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic 3. Snežana Obradović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Bel- grade, Serbia 4. Vesna Ćurguz, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: The term “canker” is broadly used for the diseases that cause the death of definite and relatively localized areas of bark on branches trunks of trees. Strictly speaking, however, repeated callusing is necessary before a lesion can be classed as a canker. Although the most cankers are of fungus origin, they can be caused by non-infective agent such as frost, sun scald or illuminating gas. Death of the bark and cambium is followed by death of underlying wood, although the causal organism may not penetrate the wood. Cankers may be either annual or perennial. The perennial cancers are usually most destructive and conspicuous. Sometimes a disease agent kills part of cambium and adjacent bark. The cambium around the lesion produces new tissue which grows inwards to cover the dead area. With annual cankers the agent causing the disease is operative for one season only, the injured tissues than being sloughed off or grown over by single callus in the same way that a mechanical injury is healed. With perennial cankers the causal agent is active year after year. Repeatedly the new callus tissue that the host develops around the border of the lesions is killed, until the canker consist of more or less regular concentric ridges around the point of the first infection, the so called “concentric” or “target canker” (like Nectria canker). Galls and witches’ brooms are common on hardwoods and conifers. Galls are globose or subglobose swellings on trees, although they usually occur on an occasional tree rather than on the majority of the trees in a stand. Galls can be non-infectious and infectious. Non-infectious galls are apparently the result of some injury or as result from external climatic or soil conditions and internal gummosis, but in which the cell walls or contents are not dissolved. The cause of the huge galls or burls so common on the trunks of conifers (for example spruce, Douglas fir, pines and other) is explained by mutation, or by a hereditary predisposition of certain trees to gall formation in response to unknown environmental factors. Infectious galls are largely caused by bacteria and to some extent by fungi, and there are infectious galls of which the causal agent is still unknown. Insect also cause a great variety of galls. In general trees with galls either on the branches or trunk, except those with many galls, seem to grow vigorously. The most frequent parasitic fungi that cause cankers, galls and witches’ brooms on forest trees are: 1. On hardwood trees: - Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex Fr.) Ces. & De Not. – (Botryosphaeria Canker and Diebacks) - Cryphonectria parasitica(Murrill) Barr. – (Chestnut blight or Endothia canker of chestnut) - Dothichiza populea Sacc & Briard) Kleb. – (Dothichiza Canker of Poplar) - Inonotus obliquus (Pers. Fr.) Pilát, Inonotus nidus-pici Pilát, Inonotus hispidus (Fr.) Karst. - (Cankers and wood-destroying fungi)

55 FOREST PROTECTION: Oral presentations

- Neonectria coccinea (Pers.: Fr.) Rossman & Samuels - (Beech bark disease) - Neonectria galligena (Bres.) Rossman & Samuels - (Nectria canker) - Phomopsis sp. – (Phomopsis Galls) Taphrina carpini (Rostr.) Johanson (witches’ brooms) Valsa sordida Nitschke (Cytospora Canker of Poplar and Willow) 2. On conifers trees: - Cronartium spp. – (rusty fungi) - Gremmeniella abietina(Lagerb.) Morelet – (Brunchorstia dieback) - Lachnellula willkommii (Hartig) Dennis – (Larch canker) - Melampsorella caryophyllacearum (DC.) J. Schröt. – (fir broom rust, cankers on firs) - Phomopsis lokoyae Hahn (Phomopsi Canker of Douglas Fir) - Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko & Sutton (Sphaeropsis Blight of Pine and Other Conifers). Acknowledgement: We are grateful to the projects TR37008 and TR31070, financed by Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Republic of Serbia

Key words: chestnut blight, Inonotus canker, Neonectria canker, rust fungi, tree diseases

56 FOREST PROTECTION: Oral presentations

PATHOGENICITY OF PHYTOPHTHORA SPECIES TO ACER PSEUDOPLATANUS L. IN SERBIA

Author(s): 1. Ivan Milenković, Mendel University, Phytophthora Research Centre, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic, [email protected] 2. Nenad Keča, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Dragan Karadžić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Zlatan Radulović, Institute of Forestry Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 3 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 5. Thomas Jung, Mendel University, Phytophthora Research Centre, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic

Abstract: During the studies of Phytophthora species on maple trees in Serbia, four different species were detected on different maple species, including P. cactorum (Lebert and Cohn) Schröt., P. lacustris Nechwatal et al., P. gonapodyides (Peterson) Buisman and P. plurivora Jung and Burgess. The aims of this study were to test the pathogenicity of isolated Phytophthora species to maple trees. Other Phytophthora species isolated from tree species in Serbia were also included. One-year-old A. pseudoplatanus plants, as the most widespread and the most damaged maple species in Serbia were grown in eight litre plastic containers from seeds of known origin. Substrate was prepared using the sterilized mixture of humus and perlite (3:1 volume ratio). Average size of the plants was 19.2±0.43 cm, with average collar diameter of 5.97±0.09 mm. Plants were inoculated under the bark with 14 isolates of 12 different Phytophthora species, including. P. cactorum (strains from maple (CAC30) and from walnut (CAC51), P. citrophthora (Smith and Smith) Leonian (CIT), P. xcambivora (Petri) Buisman (CAM), P. cryptogea Pethybr. and Laff. (CRY), P. gonapodyides (GON), P. lacustris (LAC), P. plurivora (strains from tissue (PLU34) and soil (PLU29) of maple),P. polonica Belbahri et al. (POL), P. xserendipita Man in ’t Veld et al. (SER), P. sp. Kelmania (KEL), and two yet not described strains of P. sp. 1 and P. sp. 2. All the isolates were transferred onto fresh carrot agar media (CA) and incubated at 22°C in the dark for three days. Bark of the plants was surface sterilized with cotton and 70% ethanol, and pieces of bark were removed using a sterilized 6-mm metal cork borer. Same-sized agar discs were cut from the edges of young colonies, and placed upside down on the exposed wood tissue. The inoculation points were covered by moistened sterile cotton and sealed with parafilm. In total 12 plants per treatment were inoculated. As control group 12 plants were inoculated with sterile agar pieces. All the plants were kept in the laboratory at 22-25 °C at natural light and observed weekly for the presence of any symptoms. After 11 weeks most of the plants started to decline in CIT treatment, followed by PLU and GON treatments and the experiment was finished and all necroses were assessed. Phytophthora citrophthora proved to be the most aggressive species causing 3.2 times bigger necroses compared to the control group. Second most aggressive were both strains of P. plurivora causing ca. 2.6 times bigger necroses than the control. In Duncan’s Multiple Range test (One-way Anova, STATISTICA 12 (StatSoft Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA) the differences to the control were statistically significant. Interestingly, dieback was observed in the PLU isolate originating from soil, but not in the isolate obtained from the symptomatic tissues. In contrast, lesions caused by CRY, POL and sp. 1 and 2 were not statistically significantly different from the control group, while the rest of treatments formed a medium homogenous group based on Duncan’s test. These results

57 FOREST PROTECTION: Oral presentations demonstrated the ability of different Phytophthora species to cause bark lesions on maple plants, suggesting their involvement in the maple decline. Acknowledgements: We are grateful to the projects: TR 37008, MPNTR, Republic of Serbia; European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement – “Pest Organisms Treating Europe-POnTE” Project ID: 635646, and to “Phytophthora Research Centre”- CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/ 15_003/0000453, for material support during these studies.

Key words: pathogenicity, Phytophthora spp., stem inoculation, Sycamore maple

58 FOREST PROTECTION: Oral presentations

INFLUENCES OF STORM BORA ON VEGETATION OF RAB ISLAND - CASE STUDY LOPAR

Author(s): 1. Sanja Novak Agbaba, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia, [email protected] 2. Boris Belamarić, “Hrvatske šume” (Croatian Forest) limited liability company, Kneza Branimira 1, Zagreb, Croatia 3. Nevenka Ćelepirović, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia 4. Jelena Ferina, Meteorologycal and Hydrological Service, Grič 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract: Rab is the island of the northern part of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia. The climate of the island of Rab is most affected by the sea surrounding it and the winds bora and jugo that have a significant influence on vegetation. They can reach speeds of up to 20 m/s in their strikes. The bora is a turbulent wind that most often blows in the gusts of northeast (NE) on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and can achieve storm strength. The stormy bora with storm strikes on the island of Rab caused significant damage to the vegetation in the 2012. year on th7 and 10th to 11th of February. The aim of this work is to the investigate the intensity and type of damage and health condition of the forest vegetation caused by storm bora, to analyze the climate and frequency of storm bora, and to take protection measures for the damage repair in the area of Lopar. In the spring of 2013, in the management unit Kamenjak, department 43a, a 10m wide belt of forest was visually inspected along the pathway, and the edge of the forest. Four trees of Aleppo pine with a different percentage of damage were examined and analyzed in detail. The type and intensity of damage have been identified. The analysis of the results show that the 75% of Aleppo pine were damaged and the crown damage of the Aleppo pine were from 20 to 100%. After two vegetation cycles the forest vegetation were gradually recov- ering. The protecting measurres by cutting dry and heavy damaged aleppo pine trees were done in 2015. year. Based on visual monitoring of the Lopar site, it was estimated that in 2017. year 80% of the vegetation has been recovered. Strong gusts of bora, salt spray, frost and low temperatures, have a unfavorable influence on vegetation in the area of Lopar, where most of the pine trees, especially the Aleppo pine, are missing out on places that are heavily exposed to storm winds.

Key words: Aleppo pine, Lopar locality, storm bora, vegetation damage

59 FOREST PROTECTION: Oral presentations

DIVERSITY OF BARK AND WOOD BORING BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRICHIDAE; CURCULIONIDAE: PLATYPODINAE AND SCOLYTINAE) ON ENDEMIC AND RELICT DECIDUOUS FOREST TREE SPECIES IN MEDITERRANEAN PART OF TURKEY

Author(s): 1. Oguzhan Sarikaya, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry, 32260 Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] 2. Seydi Ahmet Kavakli, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry, 32260 Isparta, Turkey 3. Huseyin Sayin, Zonguldak Forestry Directorate, Zonguldak, Turkey

Abstract: Forest ecosystems fulfill their functions by creating a number of important habitat types and also have key roles in sustainable development. Pest insects are among the main factors which affect the health of forests in Turkey. Bark and wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae; Curculionidae: Platypodinae and Scolytinae) have quite a significance among the harmful species to widespread on forest trees in Turkey. The aim of the study is to describe the diversity and compare the similarity of bark and wood-boring beetles fauna in two endemic [Sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) and Kasnak oak (Quercus vulcanica (Boiss. and Heldr.ex) Kotschy)] and one relict [Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky)] deciduous forest tree species of Mediterranean region. Field studies were conducted in two different stands of Sweetgum (Muğla-Köyceğiz and Isparta-Sütçüler provinces) and one for each Kasnak oak (Isparta-Eğirdir province) and Oriental beech (Kahramanmaraş-Andırın province). In order to determine the bark and wood-boring beetles spread over these stands, ethanol baited red winged sticky traps were used. In addition, specimens were taken from drying or fallen trees. The red winged sticky traps used in the study are consisting of two crossing rectangles with dimensions of 15 × 21 cm made of red plastic and were made more attractive with a mixture of ethyl alcohol and toluene. A white cylindrical cup of 9 cm diameter and 18 cm depth with 4 holes of 2 cm diameter was hung underneath the trap and half of the cup was filled with a water mixture of 96% ethyl alcohol and 1% toluene. Based on the material collected from research areas between 2011 and 2016, a total of 22 species from Bostrichidae and Curculionidae families were identified. 6 species belonging to 3 tribe of Bostrichinae subfamily and also 1 tribe of Lyctinae subfamily from Bostrichidae; 2 species of Platypodinae subfamily and 14 species belonging to 5 tribe of Scolyti- nae subfamily from Curculionidae were determined. These species are; Amphicerus bimaculatus (Olivier, 1790), Bostrichus capucinus (Linnaeus, 1758), Lyctus linearis (Goeze, 1777), Sinoxylon mu- ricatum (Linnaeus, 1767), Scobicia chevrieri (Villa&Villa;, 1835), Xylopertha retusa (Olivier, 1790) (Bostrichidae: Bostrichinae); Platypus simulans Schedl, 1941, Platypus cylindrus (Fabricius, 1792) (Curculionidae: Platypodinae); Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius, 1792), Dryocoetes villosus (Fabricius 1792), Hylesinus crenatus (Fabricius, 1787); H. varius Fabricius, 1775, Hypoborus ficus Erichson, 1836, Scolytus intricatus (Ratzeburg, 1837), S. mali (Bechstein 1805), S. rugulosus (Müller, 1818); Taphrorychus ramicola (Reitter, 1894);T. villifrons (Dufour, 1843); Trypodendron signatum (Fabricius 1787), Xyleborus monographus (Fabricius, 1792), X. xylographus Say, 1826 and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg, 1837) (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Among Bostrichidae species, both of A. bimaculatus and X. retusa were found at Oriental beech stand in Andırın and at sweetgum stand in Köyceğiz. B. capucinus specimens were determined in Kasnak oak, Oriental beech and Köyceğiz sweetgum stands. L. linearis was found in both Kasnak oak and Oriental beech stands. S. chevrieri specimens were determined in both sweetgum stands in Köyceğiz and Sütçüler provinces, by the way S. muri-

60 FOREST PROTECTION: Oral presentations catum was found only in sweetgum stand of Sütçüler. As member of Platypodinae (Curculionidae) species, Platypus simulans was collected from only sweetgum forest of Sütçüler province whereas P. cylindrus was found in only Oriental Beech stand in Andırın. Among Scolytinae (Curculionidae) species, Anisandrus dispar and Xyleborinus saxesenii were found all four studied stands. Scolytus intricatus, Taphrorychus ramicola, T. villifrons and Trypodendron signatum specimens were collected from both Kasnak oak and Oriental beech stands. Dryocoetes villosus, Hylesinus crenatus, H. varius, S. mali and S. rugulosus were determined in only Kasnak oak stand of Eğirdir province. Hypoborus ficusand Xyleborus xylographus specimens were collected in only Sweetgum forest in Sütçüler province, whereas X. monographus was found in only Oriental beech stand in Andırın province. Acknowledgment: Some parts of data and knowledge produced in the scope of the GEF funded “Integrated Forest Management” project run by UNDP Turkey in collaboration with General Directorate of Forestry, Turkey and also from project numbered as 3271-YL1-12 which was supported by Suleyman Demirel University, Coordinatorship of Scientific Research Projects.

Key words: bark and wood-boring beetles, Bostrichidae, Fagus orientalis, Liquidambar orientalis, Platypodinae, Quercus vulcanica, Scolytinae, Turkey

61 FOREST PROTECTION: Oral presentations

DETERMINATION TO FLIGHT ACTIVITIES OF SOME IMPORTANT PEST BEETLES ON FOREST TREE SPECIES IN AKDAĞ NATURE PARK (AFYONKARAHISAR), TURKEY

Author(s): 1. Seydi Ahmet Kavakli, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry, 32260 Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] 2. Oguzhan Sarikaya, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry, 32260 Isparta, Turkey

Abstract: Akdağ Nature Park is situated in Sandıklı province of Afyonkarahisar city in the inner western part of Anatolia. As the research area Akdağ Nature Park which was established as Nature Park in 2000 in terms of its resource values, is a valuable area in terms of its flora and fauna. The Anatolian Black pine (Pinus nigra) is the most common trees species that distributed in the middle and northern part of the stand. In addition to this,Pinus sylvestris, Juniperus spp., Quercus cerris, Q. coccifera and Populus tremula are other considerable forest tree species in Akdağ Nature Park. Sometimes, pest insects are among the various factors that affect the health of forest trees. This study was carried to determine flight activity of Ips sexdentatus (Börner), Tomicus minor (Hartig), Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius) and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Ratzeburg) in 2015. For this aim, red winged sticky traps (by an attractive mixture of 96% ethyl alcohol and 1% toluene) and funnel type pheromone traps were settled. The funnel type traps were hanged in pure and also mixed with P. sylvestris stands of Pinus nigra. The flight activity of I. sexdentatus and T. minor were observed by funnel type pheromone traps by controlling every two weeks. The red winged sticky traps were hanged for determining to flight activity of A. dispar and X. saxesenii on the branches of Quercus trees at a height of 2-2.5 m at a distance of at least 80-100 m from each other. Controls were performed weekly in red winged sticky traps and were continued until the end of adult catching. As result of study, it was determined that Ips sexdentatus was bivoltine in Akdağ Nature Park. The first flight period started in the mid of April and also second generation started to fly in the end of July. Also,Tomicus minor adults started to fly in the end March and flight period continued till to mid of April. First adults ofXyleborinus saxesenii were detected in the red winged sticky traps during 2015 starting from the mid of April. It is observed that the flight activity continued until the end of September. The third week of August was when the number of adults caught in the traps was the highest. Also, flight activity of Anisan- drus dispar started in the mid of April and population reached the highest level in the second week of May. Adults were coughed till the mid of August.

Key words: Akdağ Nature Park, Anisandrus dispar, flight activity, Ips sexdentatus, Tomicus minor, Turkey, Xyleborinus saxesenii.

62 Poster presentations

FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Poster presentations

INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE FACTORS ON THE OCCURANCE OF MACROFUNGI WITHIN SELECTED SPRUCE STANDS ON MOUNTAINS TARA AND KOPAONIK

Author(s): 1. Miroslav Marković, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, An- tona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Milana Rakić, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia 3. Marina Katanić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia 4. Saša Orlović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 5. Maja Karaman, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract: This research represents results of the longterm study of macrofungal occurence influenced by the air temperature and the soil moisture. Investigations were conducted in the period 2010–2013 on experimental plots of 5000 m2 (1.000 x 5 m) in spruce stands in National Park Kopaonik (locality Metođe) and in National Park Tara (locality Mitrovac). The climate factors were measured on the experimental plots, the air temperature was measured throughout the year and the soil moisture only on the days when monitoring was carried out. Total of 246 macrofungal species belonging to 97 genera were identified (137 macrofungal species on Tara and 109 on Kopaonik). It was noted that the observed meteorological parameters have important influence on the occurrence of macrofungi - air temperature during the winter months, while the soil moisture in the vegetation period.

65 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Poster presentations

BEECH (FAGUS SYLVATICA L.) VERSUS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.). THE IMPACT OF PLANTS ON SOIL WATER REPELLENCY AND INFILTRATION IN TEMPERATE FOREST. THE WAGENINGEN FOREST STUDY SITE.

Author(s): 1. Saskia Keesstra, Wageningen University, Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Droe- vendaalsesteeg 4, 6708PB Wagenin, Netherlands, [email protected] 2. Simone Di Prima, University of Sassari Piazza, Università 21, 07100 Sassari SS, Italy 3. Laurent Lassabatere, Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l’État, 3 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx-en-Velin, France 4. Jesús Rodrigo Comino, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier, Germany 5. Artemi Cerdà, Valencia University, Department of Geography, Soil Erosion and Degradation Re- search Group, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 28, 46010 Valencia, Spain

Abstract: In most hydrological models the infiltration capacity of soils under forests is assumed to be ideal. In these models also the tree species is not considered in the analysis. A recent study by Cerdà et al. (2017) demonstrated that in a Mediterranean climate the hydrology under pines is very different than under Oaks. Also other literature suggests the role of water repellancy under coniferous trees to be important (Buczko et al., 2005; Wahl, 2008). However, in temporal forest water repellancy is not taken into account in hydrological and sedimentological modelling. In this study in a temporal planted, mixed forest in the Netherlands the hydrological behaviour of the soil under different forest types was assessed. Two types of tree species were selected: Fagus sylvatica L. and Pinus sylvestris L. Under both tree species infiltration was assessed using different methodologies. We measured the water repellency degree (Water Drop Penetration Time), the infiltration capacity and infiltration envelops by means of minidisk infiltrometer, ring infiltrometer (5 and 7 cm diameter) and the Beerkan experiments. The results show that under deciduous tree species like Fagus little water repellancy is found. However, under coniferous species like Pinus sylvestris there is very hydrophop- ic soils which prohibits the infiltration is some place up to being completely unwettable. The soil hydrology is completely fingered and large dry pockets of soil exist in the forest soil. The use of the combined methodologies to assess the soil hydrology under Pinus and Fagus shows that plantations of Pinus sylvestris decrease the infiltration capacity, which does not occur in plantations of Fagus sylvatica. Our results have implications for the hydrological cycle, the recharge to the groundwater and growth potential of the trees. Key words: Infiltration, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris,temporate forest, water repellancy

66 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Poster presentations

REMEDIATION AS A METHOD FOR CONTAMINATED SOIL AND WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

Author(s): 1. Nemanja Jungić ,University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Marijana Kapović-Solomun, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Mihajlo Marković, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agriculture, Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Svjetlana Ćoralić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: Soil resources are often exposed to different hazards, which leads to its degradation and minimization of its productivity. In order to make degraded/contaminated soil functional, there are many methods with remediation being one of the most important one. Environment remediation consists of different methods for rehabilitation of current and minimization of further environment contamination. Contamination can be defined as elevated levels of toxic organic and/or inorganic compounds in soil and water. These two environments are connected and every change in one of them, has direct influence on the other. The main soil and water contaminants are heavy metals, mineral fertilizers, pesticides, acid rain, pathogenic microorganisms and radionuclides. The main cause of contamination is irresponsible human activities towards natural resources and environment, especially during the last and at the beginning of this century. Conventional remediation methods often rely on expensive and complicated technologies, which at the end often do not fulfill expected results and gave high expenses. Some of the natural methods and substances that have been used for remediation of contaminated soil and water are phytoremediation, composting and zeolite. Phytoremediation is known as “green” technology that use living plants to clean up soil and water from organic pollutants, heavy metals and radionuclides. This is an integrated approach for managing environment pollution and it unifies knowledge from different branches of science: biology, agriculture, forestry, pedology, hydrology, chemistry and architecture. Padmavathiamma and Li (2009) used Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra, Helianthus annuus, Brassica napus and Poa pratensis for phytoextraction and phytostabilization of soil contaminated with Cu, Pb, Mb and Zn.Lolium perenne was effective for phytostabilization of Cu and Pb,Festuca rubra of Mn and Poa pratensis of Zn. Composting is a system of organic waste management, through natural microorganism activity of decomposing organic matter. Decomposition of plant waste (sometimes mixed with animal waste) result in fine substance that is rich with useful microorganisms and nutrients. Compost has been used not only for improvement of physical and chemical soil properties but also for successful remediation of organic pollutants from soil such as pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) but not heavy metals (Barker and Bryson, 2002). Ulmanu et al. (2006) successfully used natural zeolite to immobilize lead, copper, zinc, cadmium and manganese from polluted soil and to reduce the transfer of these heavy metals into corn, mustard and oat plants. Combined with organic fertilizer, zeolite also enhanced wheat growth in substrates highly contaminated by heavy metals (Leggo and Ledésert, 2001). Faridnia et al. (2014) concluded that arsenic (As) density in waste water decreases after treatment with zeolite. This paper aims to elaborate ecologically acceptable remediation methods for soil and water quality improvement that have been used in practice as well as in scientific researches. Key words: compost, contamination, environment, phytoremediation, zeolite 67 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Poster presentations

SPATIOTEMPORAL CHANGE DETECTION USING LANDSAT IMAGERY: THE CASE STUDY OF ULUDAG NATIONAL PARK, BURSA, TURKEY

Author(s): 1. Burhan Gencal, Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Mimar Sinan A2 Blok / 402-A ,Turkey, [email protected] 2. Inanc Tas, Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Mi- mar Sinan A2 Blok / 402-A, Turkey 3. Mehmet Kalkan, Bursa Technical University, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineer- ing, Mimar Sinan A2 Blok / 402-A, Turkey

Abstract: Monitoring land use/land cover changes is a very important component for sustainable management of sensitive regions. Because of extraordinary natural beauties, forests, rich flora, and fauna, endemic species, Uludag National Park has a great importance for Turkey / Bursa. Uludag National Park in Marmara Region of Turkey is the case study area and 71% of the National Park is forest, 28% is meadows and rocky areas (Alpine Region), 0.4% is open areas, 0.1% is covered with water and 0.8% of it is a residential area. This paper aims to detect and monitor land use and land cover changes of National Park using multi- temporal remotely sensed data. For this purpose, Landsat 7 ETM and Landsat 8 OLI satellites data were used, including three scenes acquired 1991 and 2017. Detection methodology of land use/land cover has four main stages: Preprocessing, Classifying images, Accuracy assessment, Comparing classified images in GIS environment. Processing tools were implemented using ERDAS 2015, ArcGIS 10.5, and ENVI 5.3 programs to conduct change detection over these two images such as band selection, corrections, subset, classification, recoding, accuracy assessment, and change detection analysis. Image classification revealed that there are 4 significant land use/land cover types, including forest and other lands (i.e. agriculture, roads, settlement, and open areas). Results indicated that other lands were increased, forests were decreased.

Key words: land use/land cover, protected areas, spatiotemporal change, Uludag National Park

68 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Poster presentations

VOLATILE COMPONENTS OF PHLOMIS GRANDIFLORA H. S. THOMPSON VAR. GRANDIFLORA IN ÇUBUK BELI PROVINCE OF ANTALYA, TURKEY

Author(s): 1. Ayse Gul Sarikaya, Suleyman Demirel University, Atabey Vocational School, 32670 Hıdırlık Mevkii- Atabey/Isparta, Turkey, [email protected] 2. Huseyin Fakir, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Forestry, 32260 Isparta, Turkey

Abstract: One of the important taxa of the Lamiaceae family is Phlomis, is represented by 52 taxa totaling about 39 taxa and 13 hybrids in Turkey. Many of Phlomis species are used in the traditional medicine field as herbal tea for stimulated, tonic, diuretic, ulcer and hemorrhoid treatment. In this study that is conducted in vegetation period of 2016, leaf and flower samples of Phlomis grandiflora H. S. Thompson var. grandiflora were collected in flowering period at Antalya-Çubuk Beli provinces and also volatile components for leaf and flower were determined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) after solid phase micro extraction (SPME). The collected plant materials were weighed at room temperature (25 °C). Flower and leaf samples were subjected to solid phase micro- extraction (SPME). 2 g of samples were placed into a 10 mL vial. After incubation for 30 min at 60 °C, SPME fibre was pushed through the headspace of a sample vial to adsorbed the volatiles, and then inserted directly into the injection port of the GC-MS (Shimadzu 2010 Plus GC-MS with the capillary column, Restek Rxi®-5Sil MS 30 m x 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) at a temperature of 250 °C for desorption (5 min) of the adsorbed volatile compounds for analysis. Totally, 47 different volatile components were determined, of them E-β-farnesene (13.23%), Germacrene-D (11.76%) and β-caryophyllene (10.63%) were main components. It is very important for the people consciously to collecting, con- suming and using of Phlomis grandiflora H. S. Thompson var. grandiflora.

Key words: Antalya, β-caryophyllene, Çubuk Beli, Phlomis grandifloraH. S. Thompson var. grandiflora, Turkey, volatile components

69 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Poster presentations

HYDROMORPHIC SOILS OF THE CENTRAL DANUBE BASIN AND POSSIBILITIES FOR THEIR AFFORESTATION

Author(s): 1. Saša Pekeč, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Marina Katanić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3. Dejan Stojanović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract: In the valleys of the great rivers, there are soils that were formed by fluvial sedimentation, i.e. soils formed on alluvial deposits. Although the flood areas of rivers differ among themselves, there is a similarity in the origin and regularity in the precipitation of suspended materials in the transverse and longitudinal cross-section. Large particles are precipitated near the coast, and the finer material further from the coast. Research in this direction has contributed to the separation of the alluvial plane in terms of morphological forms, and in this sense three zones were distinguished: coastal, central and pre terrace. These zones are distinguished by the characteristic arrangement of different types of hydromorphic soils. This paper deals with the soils in the protected part of the central Danube region in all of the above mentioned zones and following classes of hydromorphic soils: undeveloped hydromorphic soils (fluvisol), semiglay soils (humofluvisol), gley soils (humogley and eugley). Physical and chemical characteristics of these soils were studied, as well as their hydrological characteristics. On the basis of the described pedological and hydrological characteristics, the possibility of afforestation is determined, as well as the choice of tree species that are optimal for these soils.

Key words: afforestation, hydromorphic soil, middle Danube basin tree species

70 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Poster presentations

DIVERSITY OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AS AN INDICATOR OF FOREST RESILIENCE

Author(s): 1. Marina Katanić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Saša Orlović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3. Elena Paoletti, Italian National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Rome, Italy 4. Saša Pekeč, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 5. Tine Grebenc, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 6. Hojka Kraigher, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Abstract: Mycorrhiza is an association of primary significance for the functioning of forest ecosystems, important for assessing forest resilience to current climate change and pollution. Our aim was to compare diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi on poplars from differently polluted sites and to determine reliability of diversity parameters for bio-indication. Three sites were compared: i) a natural, unpolluted site of native poplars (KR) ii) a site with ozone concentration in the air above the critical ozone level for forests (A), iii) a site which was contaminated with heavy metals and had low pH (T). Number of ectomycorrhizal types on investigated sites was 15, 6 and 4, respectively. Average values of number of ectomycorrhizal types, vital root tips, old, nonturgescent and nonmycorrhizal roots and diversity indices per soil sample were compared. In samples from sites KR, A and T the Species richness index was 1.63, 0.78 and 0.14 and Shannon- Weaver index 1.15, 0.63 and 0.14, respectively. The highest values of ectomycorrhizal types’ number and diversity indices were recorded at the unpolluted site, while the lowest values were observed at the most extreme site. So, diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi could be considered as a reliable indicator of forest ecosystem’s resilience in poplar sites.

Key words: diversity indices, ectomycorrhiza, myco-bioindication, poplars, pollution

71 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Poster presentations

ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST DISTRICT “GOZNA” NEAR ČELINAC

Author(s): 1. Aleksandra Kutić, IUGERS - Institute for urbanisam, civil engineering and ecology of Republic of Srpska Banja Luka, Save Mrkalja 16, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herze- govina, [email protected] 2. Marijana Kapović-Solomun, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Svjetlana Ćoralić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Saša Eremija, Institute of Forestry Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 3, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Forest District “Gozna” is located among Čelinac, Banja Luka and Laktaši municipalities, and belongs to the Forest Economic Area “Donjevrbasko”. Diversity of plant species, plant communities and soils on a relatively small area is characteristic of district, where 17 forest management classes has been identified, which additionally shows ecological variety. The “Gozna” district occupies 4074.21 ha, on two Forest Economic Unit’s territory “Crni Vrh” and “Jošavka”. Last soil, vegetation and typological research of this area, was carried out between 1974 and 1985, and real state has been changed compared with previous one. This paper aims to define ecological units of district “Gozna”, according to typological classification principles, to determine basic forests types and their ecological characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Research of vegetation, soil and forest stands was conducted in the most represented forest management classes: High beech and hornbeam forests on acid and illimerized deep soils on acid-silicate and silicate-carbonate parent material (1101); High beech and oak forests on deep acid brown and ilimerized soils on acid-silicate parent material (1104); High oak forests on predominantly deep soils on serpentinite and peridotite (1414); High oak forests on predominantly deep acidic brown and ilimerized soils on acid-silicate and silicate - carbonate parent material (1415). Research was carried out in high forests with natural renewal, on 20 sample plots (20x20 m), where soil profiles and relevé were analyzed on each plot. Relevé are collected using the standard Central European phytosociological method (Braun-Blanquet, 1964). Forest stands were selected according to ecological conditions, structure, floral composition and degree of development, with enough surface to exclude the influence of adjacent forest stands. The basic forests types and ecological units of the forest district “Gozna” were identified. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The real picture of forest vegetation is a result of evolution, natural factors and intensity of their individual or joint effects, and human impact as the most important one. The most represented plant communities are: sub-mountain beech forests (Fagetum submontanum Jov. 1967), mixed forests of beech and oak (Querco-Fagetum Glišić 1971), mono-dominant oak forests (Quercetum montanum illyricum Stef. 1961) and mono-dominant oak forests on serpentinite (Quercetum montanum serpentinicum (Jun. et Jn. 1951). Land is characterized by chert and serpentine soils, with four soil types: acid brown soil, illimerized soil, eutric brown soil and pseudogley. Man had an important influence on these forests in the past, degrading forest vegetation types, which is very visible on research area. Certain proportion of mono-dominant hornbeam forests has been identified. The following basic forest types are defined: Beech forests on acid brown, deep, clay-loamy soils; Beech and oak forests on acid brown, deep, loamy soils; Oak forests on deep acid brown soil; Oak forests on ilimerized soil and pseudogley on perido- tit. The highest productivity have beech forests on deep and acid brown soils. Re-mapping of Forest district Gozna is necessary in order to adapt and update existing forest management classes to the real situation. Key words: basic forest type, ecological units, real vegetation

72 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Poster presentations

AN IMPACT OF AIR POLLUTION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF STOMA AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS OF TILIA CORDATA MILL. AND TILIA PLATYPHYLLOS SCOP. ON BANJA LUKA AREA

Author(s): 1. Tanja Maksimović, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sciences, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Nina Janjić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sciences, Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: Air pollution is one of anthropogenically induced stress factors with bad impact on plants. There are a different reactions of plants on environmental conditions and the most common changes are related to functioning of stoma and photosyinthetic apparatus. In this paper it was researched an impact of some pollutants on content of photosynthetic pigments and the number and size of stoma cells at Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos on four localities in Banja Luka city (Borik, Obilićevo, Lazarevo and Paprikovac). Obtained results showed that number and size of stoma cells were higher on average at Tilia platyphyllos compared to Tilia cordata, on leaves sampled from the outer part of the crown compared to the inner part. Differences in the concentration of pollutants influenced differently to content of photosynthetic pigments during the season. On average the higher content of total chlorophyll was found in samples taken in September at the locality of Borik, and the total chlorophyll content was on average higher in Tillia cordata compared to Tilia platyphyllos. The results show that changes in the number and size of stoma cells and in content of an photosynthetic pigments may be used as indicator of resistance of selected plants species to the air pollution.

Key words: air pollution, photosyinthetic pigments, stoma, Tilia cordata, Tilia platyphyllos

73 FOREST ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES: Poster presentations

LANDSCAPE APPROACH IN RADIO-ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF FOREST AREAS

Author(s): 1. Natalya Bulygina Alekseevna, Volga State University of Technology Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar- Ola, Lenin square 3, Russian Federation, [email protected] 2. Aleksandr Petuhov Sergeevich, Volga State University of Technology Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar- Ola, Lenin square 3 Russian Federation 3. Evgeniy Goncharov Alekseevich, Volga State University of Technology Republic of Mari El, Yosh- kar-Ola, Lenin square 3 Russian Federation

Abstract: As a consequence of the Chernobyl accident form complex fields of radioactive contamination of vast territories. Monitoring the dynamics of radiological indicators using a landscape approach is a very urgent task, as the study of landscape along the profiles allows to reach all the different areas of geosystems and get more accurate information about the radio-ecological situation. The studies were conducted on the territory of Berezniki forestry republic of Mordovia (Russia). On the territory of the major forest tree species are oak, linden and maple. The predominant type of site conditions - sudubravs. The level of radioactive Caesuim-137 deposition as of 1994 ranged from 7 to 85 kBq/m2. The landscapes are presented: - watershed arrays central portion Privolzhskaya hill folded carbonate rocks with gray detrital forest soils under decidu-ous forests; - the central portions of the left basins of tributaries Sura folded diluvial loams with chernozem; - floodplain systems. The values vary within DER 0.07-0.10mkZv/h, which corresponds to the natural values of the territory of the European part of Russia (0.06-0.20 mkZv/h). The content of artificial radionuclides137Cs average of areas of 0.3-0.7 Ki/km². Distribution of 137Cs in the soil profile in natural (forest and riparian) sites is exponential on agricultural land - even in the depth of the plow horizon. Radionuclides in vegetation significantly lower health standards, conversion factor constitute 0.05-0.46 (Bq/kg)/(kBq/m2), maximal accumulation observed in oak leaves. Key words: Caesuim-137, landscape, radioactive contamination, radionuclides

74 URBAN FORESTRY–LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE: Poster presentations

CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CITY PARK IN SKOPJE

Author(s): 1. Jasminka Rizovska Atanasovska, University “Cyril and Methodius”, Faculty of Forestry, XVI Make- donska brigada, 1000 Skopje, FYROM, [email protected] 2. Iskra Apostolovska, PE Parks and Greenery, boulevard Ilinden 104, 1000 Skopje, FYROM 3. Nikolco Velkovski, University “Cyril and Methodius”, Faculty of Forestry, XVI Makedonska brigada, 1000 Skopje, FYROM 4. Vlatko Andonovski, University “Cyril and Methodius”, Faculty of Forestry, XVI Makedonska brigada, 1000 Skopje, FYROM 5. Divna Penčić, University “Cyril and Methodius”, Faculty of Architecture, boulevard Partizanski odredi 24, 1000 Skopje, FYROM

Abstract: The City Park in Skopje was established in the early XX century. There are not many historical data for its establishment. In the period between the two world wars only modest documentation could be found. At the beginning of the XX century in Skopje were built few avenues and green areas. The bigger green area was the one on the location where today’s City Park is built. It was called Islah- ane, after the craft school around which it was raised up. Its establishment is connected with Hafis Mehmed Pasha and the period of Ottomans domination in Macedonia. Built in 1905 It was spread out on 16 000 m2. and was organized in classic, geometric style with trees, shrubs floral elements and pathways. It was base on which further on today’s City Park was built up. Through the years it change until it gets today’s dimensions and borders. The biggest change in its structure was made in the ‘70 of the XX century when the basic main project for the City Park was made. In the last ten years intensive work on its reconstruction has been done, so there is more relevant data for the Park for this recent period of time. Besides its establishment, this paper presents the current state of the Park, its main characteristics and functions. It gives review of vegetation and other park elements, as well the state of its overall area and the changes that occurred up to date. Finally, there are of- fered possible solutions and measures for its further development and maintenance.

Key words: City Park, floral elements, green area, park elements, shrubs, trees, vegetation

75 URBAN FORESTRY–LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE: Poster presentations

INTEGRATION OF WATER SENSITIVE SOLUTIONS IN THE LANDSACAPE DESIGN OF CITY OF NOVI SAD- CONCEPT OF RAIN GARDENS AND GREEN ROOFS

Author(s): 1. Mirjana Sekulić, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Amela Đurakovac, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Landscape Archi- tecture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3. Jasna Grabić, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract: The water sensitive urban design (WSUD) includes the concept of solutions that aim to manage and reuse storm water in urban areas. Combining function, aesthetics and usability, water sensitive solutions provide multiple services to the ecosystem by transforming urban landscape into a multifunctional space. Based on the principles of landscape ecology, the urban water sensitive design forms an integrative approach that combines ecological, social, economic and cultural performance. Solutions such as roof gardens and rain gardens are innovative solutions that can be implemented in urban areas during the reconstruction or early planning of the city, for the treatment and collection of storm water from roofs and roads. Roofs as part of an urban water cycle can be designed as blue roofs for temporary water retention or as green roofs with additional contents in the form of vegetative cover, while rain gardens as systems that absorb and filter storm water, thereby reducing the amount of rainfall and contaminants can be implemented in various urban city centers. After the outflow from impermeable surfaces (roofs, streets, parkings), storm water can contain high concentrations of heavy metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and other pollutants. Water sensitive urban design can improve public awareness of the management of urban storm water by making it visible in the design of public and private open spaces in the city. Collecting rainwater from hard, impermeable surfaces, can reduce the risk of flooding and keep streets safe as well as increase the quality of surface water and renewal of groundwater. This paper focuses on the development and application of multifunctional, ecological, water sensitive solutions in landscape architecture as recommendations for designers from widely applied international standards and guidelines with defining optimal modern innovative solutions for rainwater retention or underground water infiltration, in the reconstruction and planning of the city, such as rain gardens and roof gardens. The paper will also provide suggestions for applying water sensitive solutions, roof gardens and rain gardens, for the city of Novi Sad as an example of the city with problems of flooding, both for individual locations that are flooded during heavy rains, as well as for general future planning of the city.

Key words: design, landscape architecture, Novi Sad, rain gardens, roof gardens, water sensitive

76 URBAN FORESTRY–LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE: Poster presentations

THE INFLUENCE OF AIR POLLUTION ON HEALTH CONDITION AND VITALITY OF WOODY PLANTS - CASE STUDY MUSEUM PARK IN BOR

Author(s): 1. Milena Milosavljević, -, 3. Oktobra 83/21, 19210 Bor, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Vesna Ćurguz, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Mirjana Ocokoljić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Danijela Đunisijević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Bel- grade, Serbia

Abstract: The paper presents the results of the analysis of the health condition and vitality of woody plants in the Museum Park, which is part of the public green areas of the city of Bor. Due to copper mining and processing industry, Bor municipality has ecological problems such as water, soil and air pollution. It is considered to be one of the ecological black points of the Republic of Serbia. The Museum Park is located at the very edge of the copper smelter and is an example of a public green area exposed to constant air and soil contamination. The park area of 4.5 ha, is located in the central city zone, surrounded by streets with very frequent traffic. Air pollution analysis was based on the measured concentrations of sulfur dioxide, soot and particulate meter (PM) fractions. There are 524 trees and 70 shrub taxa in the park. The analysis of vitality, as well as valorization of health condition was done for all individual plants, based on the occurrence of defoliation, decolorization or disease symptoms. Applied measures of maintenance and plant protections were also analyzed. Obtained results showed that the most tolerant species were: Acer saccharinum L., and Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt. This park represents a large, insufficiently used potential of the city that should be improved by planting of adequate trees and shrub taxa, tolerant to the present environmental conditions. A selection of 5 adequate woody taxa from the Pinophyta and 34 wood taxa from the Mag- noliophyta, which are tolerant to smoke, dust and, toxic gases and other adverse components of this urban air were suggested. In order to achieve more efficient vegetation impact on the reduction of pollution in the air, the next research should focus on the estimation of the capacities of these taxa for the accumulation of particulate matter fractions on the leaf surface and in the wax layer, at the beginning of the growing season. Raising the awareness of citizens about the needs for the application of adequate taxa, necessary maintenance and plant protections measures would create better life conditions for inhabitants.

Key words: air pollution, health condition, plant vitality, tolerant plants

77 URBAN FORESTRY–LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE: Poster presentations

CONDITION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF URBAN FORESTS IN THE AREA OF INDUSTRIAL SETTLEMENT LJUBIJA

Author(s): 1. Sanja Grubić, -, Seferi 6, 35008 Kamena Vourla, Greece, [email protected] 2. Ljiljana Došenović, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Marijana Kapović-Solomun, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: Urban forests are key elements of green infrastructure and provide basic ecosystem services. They contain segments of recreational, social and medical aspects of the life of inhabitants-users of forest benefits. Likewise they make the connection between forestry and architecture, giving the final shape to the urban landscape. Today’s development of cities is characterized by an increase in construction, whereby economic factors has the main influence on the urban structure, the representation of green spaces, and in addition to their functional and ecological justification. In this paper, forest complexes will be regarded as a spatial category on the example of the case study of the industrial settlement Ljubija. The ultimate goal is to give a qualitative review of the effectiveness of the urban forest system and the opportunities for the future development of green infrastructure. The research was carried out by an inductive method, where the synthesis of various scientific methods and the obtained results resulted in the final conclusion. The methods used are: Research work on collecting data on the historical development of the Ljubija region and the record of all relevant data on the natural characteristics of the area; Mapping and analysis of park and urban greenery, as well as the greenery of the Industrial zone of the mine, with analysis of geological and vegetational characteristics; Theoretical research, analysis and valorization of the city structure, green infrastructure and social needs of inhabitants of the narrow and wider area. Contextual issues also relate to the research of the historical development of the economy and industry of Ljubija. Research in this paper suggests that the functions of urban forests as planned categories do not have adequate treatment in Republic of Srpska’s spatial, regional and urban projects. The definition and evaluation of such important structural systems as the forest complexes in our country are significantly lagging behind the new approaches that are present in the world. Uncertainty at the level of urban plans precludes concrete actions in terms of better regulation of urban forests, which makes it difficult to see the future of the sustainable development of these areas. Urban forestry in our country is still unfairly neglected, and it suffers from the influence of classical forestry and urbanism, and there is a constant conflict between economic use and wider public use. As an imperative we must look for new solutions in achieving qualitative as well as quantitative changes in the representation, way of using and arrangement of forest complexes in the green matrix system of Ljubija. The closing of the mine and the radical change in the economic structure led to the reduction and abandonment of industrial production capacities, creating large spatial resources and inactive traffic corridors. The results of the research indicate the possibility of transforming abandoned industrial sites into green infrastructure. That would emphasize the ecological, economic and health benefits of the forest complexes of Ljubija, both for the individual and the common use. This would primarily be related to the promotion and preservation of cultural, natural and landscape heritage and popularization of a healthy lifestyle and sustainable eco-tourism. The future of the ecological complex Ljubija is seen

78 URBAN FORESTRY–LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE: Poster presentations in the valorization of cultural and historical values, the conversion of economic forests into urban, protection of the blue-green complex (lake, river, forest), with the aim of establishing a common development strategy that will respect the specificity of the relationship between man and nature.

Key words: eco-tourism, green infrastructure, sustainable development, urban forestry

79 URBAN FORESTRY–LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE: Poster presentations

GREENWAYS AS ELEMENT OF URBAN PLANNING: TREBINJE VIEW

Author(s): 1. Ljiljana Došenović, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Tanja Trkulja, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Architecture Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Stepe Stepanovića 77, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Tijana Marić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Architecture Civil Engineering and Geodesy, Stepe Stepanovića 77, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: The paper explores the possibility of improving the quality of life and natural environment in the process of cities’ rapid development through green infrastructure planning at abandoned railway sites. Theoretical settings include elaborating definition, function and classification of greenways with emphasis on their environmental, socio-economic and health benefits, both for the individual and community. It is primarily related to encouraging the preservation of cultural and natural landscape heritage, promoting healthy lifestyles and sustainable ecological tourism.The basic aspects of urban development processes are reviewed, and a special emphasis is placed on the urban matrix of Trebinje. In the last stage of development flows, Trebinje is under the strong influence of general socio-political changes that have placed it in a completely different context of spatial-functional relations in regard to the environment. The establishment of strong state borders between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia has disabled the historical continuity of the city’s development relying on traffic, commercial and cultural links with the southern hinterland. Reduced economic activity and a radical change in the economic structure of the city are the cause of the abandonment of production capacities and, consequently, of the creation of significant spatial resources and brownfield sites. The research has focused on the polygon of the former railway station in Trebinje. This inactive rail corridor points to the possibility of transformation into a linear park, with the aim of achieving ecological, socio-economic and health benefits. Namely, the value of the city space depends on the quantitative, but also the qualitative share of the landscape in the physical structure of the city. Thus, the results of theoretical research of this paper are administered through the discourse on the development and design of green infrastructure in a concrete case study.

Key words: greenway, green infrastructure, regeneration, transformation, urban design

80 USING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND HUNTING: Poster presentations

ETHNOBOTANY USAGE OF ROSE HIP (ROSA CANINA L.) IN EĞIRDIR PROVINCE OF ISPARTA, TURKEY

Author(s): 1. Ayse Gul Sarikaya, Suleyman Demirel University, Atabey Vocational School, 32670 Hıdırlık Mevkii- Atabey/Isparta, Turkey, [email protected]

Abstract: Rosa canina L. is a shrub of Rosaceae that can be grown up to 3-4 m and exist in fields of roadside, rangelands, meadows, forest edges and on hills. This plant is decorated with yellowish or brown spines on its leaves, oval in shape, edges are threaded, and short-handed. Flowers are heart-shaped whitish pink or pink. Fruits are dark red oval or egg shaped, with a fleshy husk and hard, yellowish white seeds in the puddle. It is estimated that natural distribution area is Turkey and spread from here to all the regions of the world. Leaf and fruit are used medically and aromatically. This study was conducted to determine of ethnobotany usage of rose hip. For this aim, public interviews were made in Eğirdir province during 2017. The interviews were conducted with 30 people and they were selected in order to have different educational backgrounds, professions, genders and ages. As a result of the interviews, it was determined that rose hip fruits were rich in C vitamins and that they were used as fresh and dry, as tea, as jam, as food. Particularly medically, it is observed that people use rose hip fruits as pain relievers against colds and throat inflammations, blood pressure and sugar regulators, rheumatic diseases, inflammation dryers, cancer and some uterine diseases.

Key words: Eğirdir, ethnobotany, medicinal and aromatic plant, Rose hip, Turkey

81 USING OF FOREST RESOURCES AND HUNTING: Poster presentations

INVESTIGATION ON MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC USAGE OF LAUREL (LAURUS NOBILIS L.) IN TURKEY

Author(s): 1. Ayse Gul Sarikaya, Suleyman Demirel University, Atabey Vocational School, 32670 Hıdırlık Mevkii- Atabey/Isparta, Turkey, [email protected]

Abstract: Laurel (Laurus nobilis L.), the symbol of the Mediterranean vegetation, is an evergreen tree or shrub belonging to the family Lauraceae. This plant is grown in the Mediterranean coasts of Turkey, especially in the Aegean, Marmara and Black Sea coasts and in the inner parts of these coasts. The annual production of laurel leaf is 8 thousand ton per year, approximately 80% of which is supplied from Turkey. Leaves are used as a spice in food sector for giving smell and taste to foods such as soup, fish and meat and are drunk as tea and also are used as natural medicines among the public. As a medicinal herb, it is used for rheumatism, skin rashes and ear pain and also in the treatment of eye diseases by containing vitamin A. Antimicrobial structure is also applied in the cleaning and healing of the wounds. Leaves and fruits are rich in essential oils that can be used against stomach and nerve pains. Also obtained oils are used in cosmetics sector by putting on ointments, soaps and shampoos. Laurel leaf has an important place in Turkey in the food sector as a spice, medically in the pharmaceutical sector and in the treatment of diseases, in the cosmetics sector.

Key words: Laurus nobilis L., medicinal and aromatic plant, spice, Turkey

82 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY: Poster presentations

MODELS FOR SALE OF WOOD ASSORTIMENTS IN THE CASE OF FE

Author(s): 1. Ljiljana Keča, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Ser- bia, [email protected] 2. Milica Marčeta, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: Sale of timber assortments is done on the basis of sales contracts, based on a unique price policy and a public call for contracting of sale. The aim of the research was to analyze the procedures, methods of sale and the most common contracts in 2016 for the commercially most important products of FE “Južni Kučaj”. The purpose of the research was to realize advantages and disadvantages of individual forms of sales. The subjects of the research were: specific contracts of sale of timber assortments in 2016 concluded with the largest customers, procedures and documentation that follow the contracting process. The methods used in the research were comparative method, method of analysis, synthesis method and the descriptive method. In order to obtain necessary data, as a main technique, a survey was used. The collected data were about: total sales by type of products, distribution structure and point of sale, bidding for beech logs for 2016, contracts for the sale of wood assortments, procedures and patterns accompanying the contracting. SWOT analysis was used for assessing internal strengths and weaknesses, external chances and threats in the trade of timber assortments as well. Its application has made it possible to bring out the results of an analysis of internal and external factors in order to determine what a company can really do - whether it can use chances in the environment or / and avoid threats.

Key words: contracts, Južni Kučaj, sale, wood assortments

83 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY: Poster presentations

EFFICIENCY OF OUTSOURCING IN THE SLOVAK FORESTRY – DATA AND FACTS

Author(s): 1. Miroslav Kovalčík, National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 92 Zvolen, Slovak Republic, [email protected]

Abstract: Competitive pressure and the current globalization force enterprises to reduce costs and increase efficiency of all production activities. The same is true for forestry. Requirements to increased- ef ficiency in production and non-production branch lead to the facts that enterprises ceased to carry out some activities internally. Specialized organizations providing services have been established. The first part of the paper presents the economic and financial results of all subjects in the Slovak forestry sector for 2016 and analyzes the development of selected economic indicators for the period 2014 - 2016. Efforts to optimize realisation of business activities lead the enterprise managers to such strategic decisions that are aimed at the shifting of the chosen enterprise performance to the external subjects. These subjects are able to provide such activities at the higher quality and lower costs. Similar situation is present also in the case of Slovakia as well as in the case of forestry where now more than 95 % of silvicultural and harvesting activities are provided by the independent hired contractors. In comparison with the year 2000, the volume of outsourced operations is more than tripled. Today the business sector in forestry achieves sales of around 200 million EUR. The paper in the second part, based on the set of secondary data, analyses the development of share of silvicultural and harvesting activities realised by contractors, presents the economic and financial data of contractors and analyses efficiency of outsourcing in the Slovak forestry. This publication was supported by the project APVV-15-0487 Research on efficiency of forestry services outsourcing.

Key words: contractors, efficiency, forestry, outsourcing

84 FOREST POLICY, ECONOMICS, AND ORGANIZATION IN FORESTRY: Poster presentations

THE ECONOMICS ROLE OF FOREST ON FOREST DWELLERS LIVELIHOOD IN CENTRAL ZAGROS FORESTS OF IRAN

Author(s): 1. Beytollah Mahmoudi, Shahrekord University, Rahbar Boulevard, Shahrekord, 18. Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province, Iran, [email protected]

Abstract: Zagros forests as the vast forest areas of Iran have been the living place of forest dwellers and no- mads since the time immemorial and have been converted into a vital source of livelihood; as such that the revenues obtained from forest constitute a significant part of Forest dwellers incomes. The approach used in this research has been descriptive and quantitative analysis by using the semi- structured interview. At first, the effect of the income obtained from the forest on the family’s economy was examined; then, the poverty line and poverty indexes including census ratio, poverty gap, Foster, Greer, Thorbeck, Amartya Sen and Gini coefficient were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that people earn money through 9 living strategies that forest with annual revenue of 27718176 Rials for each family has the second economic portion with 18.07 percent. 76 percent of people are under poverty line which reached 88 percent by removing forest income, and 12 percent of families were transformed into under poverty line, and this has made 1.54 times increase in depth of poverty. Index of Foster, Greer, and Thorbeck has been 0.15, and it has reached 0.23 percent after removal of forests. Moreover, the omission of forest revenue makes 11 percent increases in unequal distribution of incomes.

Key words: forest dwellers, livelihood, poverty indexes, Zagros forests of Iran

85 WOOD INDUSTRY: Poster presentations

MOR AND MOE OF SERBIAN SPRUCE (PICEA OMORIKA (PANČIĆ) PURKYNĚ) WOOD FROM PLANTATIONS

Author(s): 1. Danijela Petrović, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Zdravko Popović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Vojislav Dukić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Nebojša Todorović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: Serbian spruce (Picea omorika (Pančić) Purkyně) is a tertiary relict and endemic of the eastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the western part of Serbia. As the natural stands of Serbian spruce are protected by law, the focus should be on the establishment of plantations on larger areas where the technological properties of wood could be affected. The bending strength (MOR) and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of Serbian spruce wood from plantations were studied in this paper. Six trees were analyzed. Three trees come from the Serbian spruce plantation that is located near Banja Luka and belongs to SJC “Industrijske plantaže “. The average age of this plantation is 40 years. There are also three trees that have been taken from plantation which is located near Srebrenica and belongs to FE “Drina” - Srebrenica. Their average age is 31 years. The research material was taken from three heights along the technically valuable part of the stem, starting at the height of 1.3 m. The average MOR for all six trees is 59.89 MPa, with a coefficient of variation of 21%, while the average value of MOE is 7 289.81 MPa with a coefficient of variation of 22.36%. Tests have shown that there is a difference between MOR and MOE at different heights of the trunk. Regression analysis has shown that there is correlation between these mechanical properties and growth rings width, share of late wood and wood density. There is a positive linear correlation between MOR and MOE.

Key words: bending strength (MOR), growth ring width, modulus of elasticity (MOE), plantations, Serbian spruce, wood density

86 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Poster presentations

POTENTIALS OF APPLICATION OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) FOR ASSESSMENT OF TREE HEIGHTS IN POPLAR PLANTATION

Author(s): 1. Dejan Stojanović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Leopold Poljaković-Pajnik, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3. Srđan Stojnić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 4. Zoran Novčić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 5. Robert Erdelji, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 6. Saša Orlović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract: Studies that implement different sorts of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in forestry are more frequent due to the higher availability and lower prices of modern UAV technologies. In that manner, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, started utilization of Phantom 3 quadrocopter through activities of mapping and creation of 3D models. Images captured at Real Estate of the Institute, consisted dominantly of poplar plantations, before tree felling where used for creation of 3D model with OpenDroneMap software. Further processing and editing 3D triangular model meshes were performed with software MeshLab and final measurements were obtained with software Blender. Verification of tree heights were performed with direct measurements of fallen trees. Assessed tree heights from 3D model obtained with UAV Phantom 3 and open-source software were within 10% error. Despite relatively imprecise initial measurements, there is a large room for improvement and high potential of UAV application in forestry.

Acknowledgement: Supported by grant No. III43007. project financed by the Ministry of Education, Science and Techno- logical Development of the Republic of Serbia for the period 2011–2017.

Key words: drone, photogrammetry, remote sensing, 3D models

87 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Poster presentations

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CLIMATE VARIABLES AND CIRCLES VEGETATIVE IN AN IRANIAN OAK

Author(s): 1. Sayyedhassan Tabatabaei, Shahrekord University, Faculty of Agriculture, Rahbar Boulevard, Shahrekord, 18. Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province, Iran, [email protected] 2. Narjes Amirchakhmaghi, Shahrekord University, Rahbar Boulevard, Shahrekord, 18. Chaharma- hal Bakhtiari Province, Iran 3. Nabiallah Yarali, Iran 4. Ahmad Karimi, Shahrekord University, Faculty of Agriculture, Rahbar Boulevard, Shahrekord, 18. Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province, Iran

Abstract: The variation in growth ring arrangement of Iranian oak (Quercus brantii) trees and possibility of its application for climatic reconstructions was the subject of this study. It is the most frequent forest tree species in the Zagros. This research did cross two slopes (northern and southern sites) in the vicinity of Lordegan, Iran. Fifteen trees have been selected in each site and two boring cores were taken from every tree. Width measurement, cross dating and standardization techniques were carried out on the samples and finally the well aligned annual rings were synchronized with the cor- respondent climate data. The result shows the chronological similarities. The correlation between tree ring chronologies and climatic variables, including standardized drought index (SPI), evapotranspiration, precipitation, temperature and relative humidity were examined in monthly, annual, seasonal scale and growth periodical scales. Highest correlation was closely observed between the growth factors and relative humidity of September of the current year and previous year (0.74%); temperature of October of the current year and second previous year (-0.57%), precipitation of March of the current year (0.54%) and evapotranspiration of March of the current year and June of the third previous year (0.58%). Overall, the growth of Oak trees in the region significantly depend on the climatic changes during last three years.

Key words: climatic variables, correlation, lordegan, Quercus brantii

88 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Poster presentations

THE STRUCTURE OF MATURE STANDS OF SESSILE OAK IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): 1. Vojislav Dukić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Branko Stajić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: This paper presents research into the elements of the so-called simple structure and some elements of the so-called spatial stand structure in pure mature stands of the sessile oak in the continental part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Temporary test areas have been planted on five locations (ecological units), which were selected in order to represent the habitat of the continental region oak woods, the stands belonging to the VII age class (120-140 years). It is the following basic elements of the stand structure that were determined and analyzed, with regard to ecological units: number of trees per hectare, mean diameter, basal area per hectare, mean height, and growing stock. The diameter distributions of the mature oak stands are characterized by a small negative asymmetry. As for the tree crown structure, it was analyzed through tree crown parameters, whereas De Camino’s homogeneity index was used for defining stand homogeneity. In the stands surveyed, the homogeneity is reduced as the habitat conditions deteriorate. By applying the method for determining spatial distribution of trees, significant randomness in tree distribution was stated, with noticeable occurrence of certain level of uniformity of horizontal distribution.

Key words: De Camino’s homogeneity index, mature stands, sessile oak, spatial distribution of trees, tree crown structure

89 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Poster presentations

CLIMATE IMPACT ON GROWTH OF SPRUCE IN NATIONAL PARK KOPAONIK

Author(s): 1. Bratislav Matović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Dejan Stojanović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 4. Lazar Kesić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 5. Stefan Stjepanović, University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Vuka Karadzica 30, 71126 Lukavica, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: Dendrochronological methods were used for evaluation of the effect of the precipitation and air temperature to the growth and vitality of trees in the pure spruce stands in the National Park Kopa- onik. Field sampling was carried out during 2016 at four stands with different health conditions and past management practice. The annual sum of precipitation and sum of precipitation during the growing season from 1980 to 2015 was approximately on the same level with a slight increasing trend. However, the mean annual temperature and mean temperature during growing season had a significant increase. In the same period, a trend of growth decrease has been identified, which is, on the one hand, a result of the natural reduction of increment with the increase in the age of trees growing in homogeneous stands, but on the other hand due to the deterioration of climatic conditions, primarily the increase of mean temperature during the growing season. This is confirmed by significant Pearson’s correlation that showed relation between the mean temperature during growing season and the tree-ring widths of the declining trees (relatively high correlation coefficient r and p <0.05). The effect of mean monthly temperature and monthly sum of precipitation on the growth of spruce trees was also considered. Bootstrapping correlation analysis shows that there are characteristic months in which the sum of monthly precipitation and mean monthly temperature have a direct impact on the annual increment. The mean temperature also appears to be more important indicator than precipitation with direct effect on the tree growth.

Key words: growth, Kopaonik, spruce

90 FOREST MANAGEMENT PLANNING: Poster presentations

COMPARISON OF ACTUAL AND NORMAL WOOD CUTTING INTENSITY IN PRIVATE HOLDER FORESTS IN CROATIA

Author(s): 1. Mario Božić, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia, [email protected] 2. Jura Čavlović, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia 3. Ernest Goršić, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract: Dominant feature of private held forestsin Croatia are small property sizes wich are relatively scattered around. There are about 600.000 small private forest holders in Croatia. In average, every forest holder has two parcels which are not connected. According to foret management regulations there are no special rules for private forest holders despite some specific conditions. Therefore forest management plans are made in the same way as for state forests. In state forests there is constant and intensive forest management according to programs and regulations which are followed as good as possible. For private forest holders according to Starčević (1992) application of forest management regulations are very low partially because of subjective and partially because of objective reasons. Beccuse of this- for est planners appoint lower wood cutting intensity than normally required. Beside that, value of certain property depends on its size, position, spatial homogeneity, possibility of spatial indentification, road acess, tree species composition, management form and quality of trees and their size. Aditionally, property value is related to financial effect which can be obtained in certain time interval. So one of the questions which arise is how forest management plans influence eventual purcase/sales/exchange of forest parcels. Based on growth tables for hornbeam, acacia and alder normal wood cutting intensity is defined for first and second quality class and 60 years age for hornbeam and 40 years for acacia. By analysing the wood cutting regulations for hornbeam, acacia and alder management classes from 16 different forest management plans a comparison was made with constructed normals to get the overview of the relationship between prescribed and normal cutting intensity. Analysis showed that cutting intensity specified in forest management plans for private forest holders are too low and in- complete and practically the same in almost all management units. It is the case with all management classes within certain management unit regardless of the management period. In discussion with colleagues which prescribed the management regulations for private forests it is clear that: a) when deciding about regulations they were ‘ negatively biased’ by former regulation realization in those private forests which had existing forest management plans. In this way regulations are related to estimation what could be realized in reality and not what is the actual potential (and need) for certain forest parcel. b) in some parcels uneven age forest management (how these forest are managed) and normality are not clearly defined. If those facts are observed from the point of investor who is looking to increase its posession by purchasing additional parcels those low intensity regulations especially within management classes of trees with short management period is destimulating. In the end it is not clear how will the forest inspection respond in the case of unaccomplished forest regulations or what to do if someone that would like to purchase the forest parcel requires higher cutting intensity in order to make the purchase. Key words: private holder forests, purchase (sales) impact, too low felling intensity

91 SILVICULTURE: Poster presentations

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA POTENTIALLY AVAILABLE IN THE FIELD TRIAL WITH THINNING OF POPLAR CLONE I-214 DEFINED BY “VORONOI” POLYGONS

Author(s): 1. Siniša Andrašev, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Martin Bobinac, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: The paper presents the characteristics of the area potentially available on the basis of the Voronoi polygon before and after the thinning at the age of 11 years in the plantation of poplar clone I-214 established at a planting distance of 5 × 5 m, i.e., 400 trees per hectare. Researches were carried out on a permanent experimental plot in a random block design with two thinning treatments (the number of trees was reduced to 300 and 200 per hectare) and the control plot, in three repetitions. The area potentially available is defined by “Voronoi” polygon that covers the area nearest to each tree. In this way the defined polygons have their own characteristics (Hutchings and Discombe, 1986): (1) number of immediate neighbours, which is equivalent to the number of sides of polygon; (2) mean neighbour distance; (3) polygon perimeter length, (4) displacement - the distance of a point (tree) from the centre of gravity of the polygon it occupies; (5) area of the polygon. It was found that before the thinning, the number of immediate neighbour trees was 4.26-4.51, as a result of the different survival of the seedlings, and it increased to 4.86-5.42 neighbouring trees. The average distance to the neighbouring trees was 5.26-5.65 m before thinning, and after thinning it increase to 5.9-7.4 m. The average size of the polygon area was 27.0-30.6 m2 before the thinning, and after the thinning it increased to 32.7-42.3 2m . Numerical indicators of the structure of the researched characteristics of the polygons have a pronounced positive asymmetry before the thinning, and the asymmetry is lessened after the performed thinning. The results of the study indicate that the researched characteristics of the area potentially available, defined by Voronoi polygons, can be used as an objective representation of a competitive relationship between trees in poplar plantations.

Key words: area potentially available, a competitive relation of trees, plantation of poplar clone I-214, thinning, Voronoi polygon

92 SILVICULTURE: Poster presentations

EDAPHIC AND PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS OF PEDUNCULATE OAK STANDS IN MANAGEMENT UNIT „MUZLJANSKI RIT“

Author(s): 1. Zoran Galić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected]

Abstract: In management unit „Muzljanski rit“ pedunculate oak (Quercus robur) is the third most common tree species. Pedunculate oak in MU „Muzljanski rit“ cover 123,58 ha, what is the 9,26 % of total area of management unit. Pedunculate oak stands are mostly appearing on meadow black soil and humogley (riparian black soil) with total area of 103,26 ha (83,55%). The total area of pedunculate oak stands were detected in I and II age class. Pedunculate oak stand volume on riparian black soil in II age class was average 183 m3ha-1, and on meadow black soil 79 m3ha-1 and on stands with two or more soils 72 m3.ha-1. Pedunculate oak stands on the two or more soil systematic units in a section larger than 1 hectare are detected on 20,32 ha (83,55%). The separation would enable optimization of the soil use. On the MU surface differentiation of eugley soils to α, β and β/γ gley would be carried out. A special category would be represented in humogley.

Key words: Muzljanski rit, pedunculate oak, soils

93 SILVICULTURE: Poster presentations

GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF ONE-YEAR-OLD HUNGARIAN OAK SEEDLINGS (QUERCUS FRAINETTO TEN.) IN FULL LIGHT CONDITIONS

Author(s): 1. Nikola Šušić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Ser- bia, [email protected] 2. Martin Bobinac, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Bel- grade, Serbia 4. Andrijana Bauer-Živković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 5. Siniša Andrašev, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract: The paper shows the results of research on growth characteristics of one-year-old Hungarian oak seedlings in full light conditions. The seedlings were grown in a field experiment in the nursery of Faculty of Forestry in Belgrade. The wider area of research is characterized by a zonal plant community at the southern boundary of Pannonia, i.e., a community of Quercus cerris L. and Q. virgili- ana Ten., Quercetum cerridis-virgilianae (Jov. et. Vuk. 77). Four hundred seedlings were analyzed and classified according to the number of shoot growth flushes into three growth types: one-flush growth, two-flush growth and three-flush growth type. Within four hundred Hungarian oak seedlings, 39.7% belonged to the one-flush growth type, 58.3% of the seedlings to the two-flush growth type, and only 2.0% of the seedlings to the three-flush growth type. The seedlings that were characterized by multiple flush growth (two and three-flush growth types) were characterized by higher average values of analyzed growth elements (total height, root collar diameter, total leaf area and leaf number) compared to the one-flush growth type seedlings. Having in mind that similar research have not been conducted in Serbia, the results contribute to a better understanding of Hungarian oak ecology in the early stage od development.

Key words: height growth, Hungarian oak, multiple flushing, one-year-old seedlings, root collar growth

94 SILVICULTURE: Poster presentations

DETERMINATION OF LIGHT REGIME WITH HEMISPHERICAL PHOTOGRAPHS IN MIXED FORESTS OF BEECH AND FIR WITH SPRUCE (PICEO-ABIETI-FAGETUM ILLYRICUM) IN THE AREA OF VITOROGA

Author(s): 1. Mirko Šebez, “Šume Republike Srpske” (Public Forest Enterprize “Forests of R. Srpska”) a.d. So- kolac, ŠG (FC) “Gorica” Šipovo, Šipovačke brigade 1, 70270 Šipovo, the Repubic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected] 2. Zoran Govedar, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Repubic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Milun Krstić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 4. Srđan Keren, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty of Forestry, al. 29. listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow, Poland 5. Violeta Babić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 6. Branko Kanjevac, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: On the territory of the Republic of Srpska mixed forests of beech and fir with spruce are the most important economically. Depending on the altitude zone distribution they occur in a mixture of beech and fir, beech and fir with spruce and spruce and fir forests. This study focused on the determination of light regime in mixed forests of beech and fir with spruce (Piceo-Abieti-Fagetum illyricum Čolić 1965) located on the mountain Vitoroga. Thereby, the hemispherical photographs were analyzed by using software program Gap Light Analyzer 2.0. The research included nine stands that were located at elevations of 1332 to 1591 meters. Geological base was composed of limestone and dolomite on which deep soil types such as calcomelanosol, calcocambisol and luvisol developed. The research area is characterized with humid mountain climate for which large amounts of rainfall and cold winters with long-lying snow are typical. The results on direct, diffuse and total transmitted light, as well as leaf area index and canopy closure were obtained. The data were modeled by using regression and correlation analyses. Mean values of canopy closure amount to 0.80 to 0.88 and leaf area index 1.69 to 2.73. On the same plots, mean values of direct light ranged between 15.13% to 26.02% and diffuse light from 18.92% to 27.86%.

Key words: beech, fir, hemispherical images, light regime, mixed forests, spruce

95 SILVICULTURE: Poster presentations

RESTORATION OF DEGRADED FOREST STANDS – REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC STUDIES RELATED TO INDIRECT AND DIRECT CONVERSION PRACTICES IN CROATIA

Author(s): 1. Tomislav Dubravac, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia, [email protected] 2. Sanja Perić, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia 3. Martina Tijardović, Croatian Forest Research Institute, Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko, Croatia

Abstract: Research on conversion of coppices and other degraded forest stands into high forests have become more prominent with adoption of Rural development programme for Republic of Croatia for the period 2014 – 2020. Programme has opened numerous possibilities through EU funding. Even though coppice management is regarded as the oldest silvicultural system, such activities received little attention in Croatia until recently. The main reasons are low production and profitability of existing coppices together with their poor quality (e.g. old stumps, species shift towards commercially less interesting tree species, etc.), negative biotic and abiotic forcing and the lack of modern silvicultural solutions aimed at enhancement of coppice management. Regarding the high share of coppices and their neglected ecological and commercial potential, the aim of silvicultural activities is to con- vert stands into higher/high silvicultural form to increase their landscape and commercial value. Conversion is silvicultural activity by which one silvicultural form is transformed into the other. Two basic conversion types can be distinguished in Croatian scientific studies: indirect and direct conversion. Indirect conversion is transformation of coppices to high silvicultural form through cleaning, thinning and regeneration under the canopies of old stand and by application of seeding cuts. This requires a longer period and more complex silvicultural activities if compared to direct conversion. Direct conversion presents transformation of coppices into high silvicultural form through cleancut, which is immediately followed by planting/seeding with the same or other commercially interesting tree species. Paper presents results of successful long-term research on indirect stand conversion. Included case study of Holm oak coppice conversion under the principles of seeding cuts has been done under the auspices of „Croatian forests“ Ltd. Paper also provides first results of direct conver- sions based on Conversion plans for two trials in private forests: conversion of high European hornbeam stand and Black locust coppice. The aim of presented research results is to provide insight into the structure and potential of young tree generation. In addition, it aims to suggest efficient and adequate conversion methods and activities, which should result with increase of ecosystem services, enhancement of stand structure, stability and resilience of forest ecosystems to climate change and altogether long-term increase of their commercial value.

Key words: afforestation, Black locust, conversion, European hornbeam, Holm oak, seeding cut

96 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Poster presentations

INVESTIGATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEAF WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL TRAITS OF PEDUNCULATE OAK

Author(s): 1. Srđan Stojnić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Branislav Kovačević, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, An- tona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3. Marko Kebert, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 4. Lazar Kesić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 5. Milena Stanković, University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Forestry, Svetosavska 87, 75440 Vlasenica, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 6. Saša Orlović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract: Multivariate statistical methods were used to study the relationship between leaf water use- ef ficiency (WUE) and physiological, biochemical and morphological traits of eight Pedunculate oak half-sib lines grown in progeny test. The results evidenced that stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis were the most significant traits associating closely with WUE. In contrast to stomatal condiuctance which had major effect on WUE, net photosynthesis achieved significant influence on WUE partially through the direct effect, and partially indirectly via stomatal conductance. In addition, the results evidenced that leaf anatomical traits, such as stomatal density and stomata guard cell length were highly correlated with stomatal conductance and WUE suggesting that these characteristics could be good indicators in the selection for water-use efficient half-sib lines. The paper provides a detailed insight into the complex linkage between WUE and functional leaf traits in Pedunculate oak half-sib lines.

Key words: half-sib line, Pedunculate oak, water-use efficiency

97 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Poster presentations

VARIABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BEECH LEAVES AT THE LEVEL OF PROVENANCE TRIAL ESTABLISHED IN SERBIA

Author(s): 1. Marina Nonić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Tatjana Batalo, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Bel- grade, Serbia 4. Ivona Kerkez, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: The aim of this paper was to assess the inter-provenance variability of beech at the level of morphological characteristics of leaves. The research was conducted in the provenance trial of beech, established 2007 in Serbia at the locality „Debeli Lug“, and included 17 provenances: five Serbian, two Croatian, three Bosnian, three German, one Austrian, one Hungarian and two Romanian provenances. Ten 12-and-13-year-old beech trees were randomly selected from each provenance and 30 leaves were collected from each tree. Herbaria material was used for measuring of the six morphological parameters: leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, number of veins on the right side from the midrib, number of veins on the left side from the midrib and distance between the 3rd and 4th vein. The data were processed by the „STATGRAPHICS Centurion XVI“. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), LSD test (Fisher’s least significant difference test) and cluster analysis were done. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated that there were statistically significant differences between mean values of all measured characteristics of leaves. The highest average values for four out of six characteristics of leaves were recorded in Bosnian provenance (number 30); while the lowest average values (or among the lowest) were recorded in German provenances (number 47 and 49). The closest linkage was registered between two Croatian provenances (number 24 and 25); while the German provenance number 48 did not form close linkage with any other provenance.

Key words: beech, inter-provenance variability, leaves

98 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Poster presentations

ADDITION TO KNOWING OF GENETICAL VARIABILITY OF FIELD MAPLE (ACER CAMPESTRE L.) IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): 1. Stjepan Kvesić, University of Sarajevo, Forestry Faculty, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Federa- tion of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2. Barbara Fussi, Bayerisches Amt für forstliche Saat- und Pflanzenzucht, 83317 Teisendorf, Forstamtsplatz 1, Germany 3. Dalibor Ballian, University of Sarajevo, Forestry Faculty, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Federa- tion of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected]

Abstract: Considering that Field Maple (Acer campestreL.) represents a widely spread tree species with high level of adaptability to varying ecological conditions it must be noted that in the future it can play a key role in the adaptability of forestry to climate changes, which are more evident with each year that passes, and also in reforestation of the extremely degraded locations in the southern parts of the country. To be able to better understand the capabilities of Field Maple in various locations it is necessary to investigate its genetical structure. On the base of the genetic structure we can develop plans for its preservation as well as any future uses for the reproductive materials. In this research the results shown are from the samples of genetic structures from twenty five (25) populations that are evenly spread throughout Bosnia & Herzegovina, with the use of ten (10) DNA markers, and we used cpDNA & nSSR DNA markers. Via analysis we got eighty-nine (89) different alleles with total of fourteen (14) specific alleles. The sum of (observed) heterozygosity totaled 0,521 and theoretical (expected) 0,555. The total fixation index was 0,074. The analysis showed that there are significant statistical differences and morphological variability among studied populations and those populations from Herzegovina group together and also show notable differences and separation from the populations in Bosnia. The variability results can be of great assistance for further breeding as well as with the preservation of genetical variability of both in situ and ex situ methods.

Key words: aleals, Field Maple (Acer campestre L.), fixational index, genetic variability, heterozygotry

99 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Poster presentations

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIABILITY OF SOME PROPERTIES OF FIELD MAPLE (ACER CAMPESTRE L.) IN PORTIONS OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): 1. Stjepan Kvesić, University of Sarajevo, Forestry Faculty, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Federa- tion of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2. Dalibor Ballian, University of Sarajevo, Forestry Faculty, Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo, Federa- tion of B&H, Bosnia and Herzegovina, [email protected]

Abstract: Field Maple (Acer campestre L.) represents one of the most variable forest trees species with the wide climactic disposition meaning that it is extremely adaptable to various ecological conditions. It can be found in areas from North Africa to the south Scandinavia and from Atlantic Ocean to mountains: Ural, Caucasus and Caspian Lake. As such it represents a tree species that could play a key role in adaptation of forests to climate changes that become more evident each year. To better understand its role in adaptation to the climate changes it is necessary to investigate its morphological variability. Based on these results, it will be possible to select material that can be used for production forestry in changed ecological conditions. In this paper we show the results of the research done the morphological variability of both: fruit and leaf in twenty five (25) natural populations located in B&H. Ten (10) properties of fruit and nineteen (19) of the leaf were analyzed. The analysis showed that there a statistically significant differences for all researched parameters and further discriminatory analysis found that populations from Herzegovina group together and also show significant differences and separation from the populations in Bosnia which is presented by data from the cluster analysis. The results can be of great assistance in activities for further breeding as well as with the preservation of genetical variability of both in situ and ex situ methods.

Key words: Field Maple (Acer campestre L.), fruit, leaf, variability

100 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Poster presentations

VARIABILITY OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TWO-YEAR-OLD EUROPEAN WHITE ELM (ULMUS LAEVIS PALL.) SEEDLINGS DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT HALF-SIB LINES

Author(s): 1. Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Bel- grade, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Ivana Radaković, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia 3. Marina Nonić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: In the area of Great War Island (Belgrade), European white elm (Ulmus laevis Pall.) belongs to the group of rare and endangered species, whose natural populations is reduced to a relatively small number of trees that can occur individually or in the small groups. Assessment of gene-ecological potential of this species presents a continuous activity and this research is one part of those activities. The aim of this paper was to assess the variability of morphological characteristics of two-year- old European white elm seedlings derived from different half-sib lines. The research was conducted at the level of 16 half-sib lines in progeny test established in the nursery of Faculty of Forestry in Bel- grade. Seeds for establishing the progeny test were collected from maternal trees at the Great War Island. Analysis of variability of two-year-old seedlings was carried out at the level of morphological characteristics of leaves and morphological characteristics of seedlings. In a sample of 10 plants of each line, following morphological characteristics of leaves were measured: leaf width, leaf length, the length of asymmetry, petiole length, leaf serration and number of leaf veins (at the left and right side from midrib). In a sample of 30 plants from each half-sib line, seedling height and root collar diameter were measured. The descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, LSD test and cluster analysis were done. The largest leaves were measured at the seedlings of half-sib line number 13, and the smallest at the seedlings of half-sib line number 63. According to the morphological characteristics of two-year-old seedlings, it can be stated that the highest average values of height and root collar diameter were recorded in the seedlings of half-sib lines number 13 and 32, while the smallest were recorded in the seedlings of line number 63. Based on the obtained results, it can be stated the satisfactory degree of variability between the analyzed half-sib lines that presents a good starting point for the conservation and sustainable use of the available gene pool.

Key words: progeny test, two-year-old seedlings, Ulmus laevis Pall., variability

101 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Poster presentations

INTRAPOPULATION GENETIC DIVERSITY OF PICEA ABIES FROM KOPAONIK MOUNTAIN (SERBIA) USING EST-SSR MARKERS

Author(s): 1. Branislav Trudić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Barbara Fussi, Bayerisches Amt für forstliche Saat- und Pflanzenzucht, 83317 Teisendorf, Forstamtsplatz 1, Germany 3. Monika Konnert, Bayerisches Amt für forstliche Saat- und Pflanzenzucht, 83317 Teisendorf, Forstamtsplatz 1, Germany 4. Saša Orlović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract: Climate changes influences all natural forest populations in Serbia, changing the bioecological conditions for spruce and other conifer communities. Picea abies is a particularly important conifer species for Serbian forestry and forest management from the aspect of silviculture, since it is widely used for upgrading forest vegetation levels on the mountains of Serbia, where loss of natural forest vegetation was registered and it showed the best results in afforestation of such sites. There- fore, conservation efforts are needed and genotyping can be a tool to assess the best material with regard to genetic variation for afforestation measures. Investigation of genetic diversity of spruce acquires assessing of the information regarding individual and population variability by application of molecular markers from the aspects of the degree of their variability. The aim of this study was to genotype 30 selected spruce individuals and analyzes intrapopulation genetic diversity of this species from Kopaonik Mountain, Serbia, using eight EST-SSR molecular markers. For the loci WS00111, WS0023B03, WS00716, WS0022 calculated parameters of genetic diversity (Na, Ne, Ho, He, uHe, allele frequencies and F) indicated high allelic number and genetic variability and for the rest (WS0073, W0092, Pa44 and Pa51) were significantly lower. This study was part of the project Spruce and Oak Genetic Structure (SOGeneS) supported by FP7 project Trees 4 Future- Transna- tional Access.

Key words: diversity, EST-SSR, Norway spruce, variability

102 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Poster presentations

VARIABILITY OF SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) PARAMETERS IN THE TEST OF PROGENY IN SOKOLAC

Author(s): 1. Nevena Kusmuk, “Šume Republike Srpske” (Public Forest Enterprize “Forests of R.Srpska”) a.d., Sokolac Forestry Office, Glasinačka 9, 71350 Sokolac, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herze- govina, [email protected] 2. Siniša Cincar, “Šume Republike Srpske” (Public Forest Enterprize “Forests of R.Srpska”) a.d., Soko- lac Forestry Office, Glasinačka 9, 71350 Sokolac, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 3. Damir Blagojević, “Šume Republike Srpske” (Public Forest Enterprize “Forests of R. Srpska”) a.d. Sokolac, Forestry Office Banja Luka, Grčka 21, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina 4. Aleksandar Tepavac, “Vojvodinašume” (Forests of Vojvodina) Public Company, Morović Forestry Office, 22245 Morović, Serbia

Abstract: Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is, together with Norway spruce, one of the most common forest tree species in Europe. Forests of Scots pine in this area (Balkan Peninsula), are at the south border of its natural range. Concerning the natural range, Scots pine occupies relatively small area and stock volume in comparison to other species (3% of total wood stock volume of state forests in Republic of Srpska – entity in Bosnia and Herzegovina). A provenance test of Scots pine in Bosnia and Herzegovi- na was established in Sokolac area in 1989. The total area of the test is 1.16 ha. The provenance test consists of 13 provenances. Eleven of them originating from natural stands and 2 of them are from seed orchards. The test was set in a block system; each provenance was represented by 200 trees (40 trees in 5 blocks). In 2015 survival rate of different provenances was observed as well as the number of forked steams, which is consequence of bud damage in the early stage of development. Number of died trees under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors also was recorded. Later on, the all trees in the provenance test were measured (height and DBH). The providence of Zavidovići had the smallest number of forked steams and the largest number had Bugojno provenance. The largest number of dried trees was recorded for provenance Kladanj, but for the lowest number was recorded for provenance. Concerning the result of the study of taxation elements (DBH and height) the provenance of Romania Glasinac attained the highest values. The average height was 13,81 meters and DBH was 17,21 cm. The lowest values were recorded for provenance SPS average height was 10,89 meters and provenance Kladanj DBH was 14,74 cm. One of main goals of provenance research is identification and segregation of provenance that have best adaptation in selected ecological area, also goal of research is to follow phenotypic properties of individual provenances and influence of environment on their adjustment processes.

Key words: provenance test, Romanija Mountain, Scots pine

103 FOREST GENETICS, FOREST SEED SCIENCE AND NURSERY, AFFORESTATION: Poster presentations

BIOLOGICAL RECULTIVATION OF SAND PITS USING CONTAINERIZED SEEDLINGS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MARI EL

Author(s): 1. Tatiana Nureeva, Volga State University of Technology, Department of forest plantation, breeding and biotechnology, Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Lenin square 3, Russian Federation, [email protected] 2. Nadezhda Kuklina, Volga State University of Technology, Department of forest plantation, breeding and biotechnology, Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Lenin square 3, Russian Federation

Abstract: Due to the growth in the construction industry sand and gravel extraction scale is annually increasing. This trend is typical for many subjects of the Russian Federation. The disturbed lands in the Republic of Mari El are mainly quarries and cutover bogs located in the forests and restored through setting tree plantations. Therefore, the problem of sound and timely forest regeneration on the areas disturbed by the human industrial activity is quite urgent now. The purpose of the work was testing seedlings of Scots Pine with root-balled tree system on the abandoned sand pits and finding the optimal arrangement system for them. The objects of the research are 12-year-old cultivated growing stock of Scots Pine having been planted on the sand pit bottom using containerized seedlings with different patterns of arrangement in the row. In the course of the research, the vegetation cover as a result of the processes to restore the soil fertility of the sandy soil has been studied. The agrochemical parameters of the upper root layer of soil were analyzed. An increase in the soil biological activity was observed after recultivation and planting Scots Pine in the pit. A slight increase in the organic substance (0.44 - 1.31%), nitrogen (4.2 - 4.67 mg/100 g) and mobile potassium (1.43 - 2.73 mg/100 g) was traced. In general, the agrochemical and biological properties of the soil can be considered to be quite suitable for Scots Pine growth but extremely unbalanced by the major nutrient concentration. To provide higher growth rate of Scots Pine on the abandoned sand quarry, pine seedlings with root-balled tree system and plant spacing from 0.8 to 1.0 m, planting density from 3.3 to 4.2 thousand pcs./ha are recommended. Such plant spacing ensures a higher conservation (75 - 89%) and intensive high growth (4.5 - 4.7 m) of 12-year-old Scots Pine. Forest plantation of Scots Pine in the quarry does not differ from the forest plantation grown on the cut-over areas which proves the resistance of the species to the limiting crop-producing power factors. High vital capacity proves the practicability of recultivation at the abandoned sand pits by creating forest plantation of Scots Pine using one-year old containerised seedlings.

Key words: recultivation, sand pits, Scots Pine

104 FOREST PROTECTION: Poster presentations

HEALTH CONDITION OF PINE STANDS IN EAST HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): 1. Saša Drljača, “Šume Republike Srpske” (Public Forest Enterprize “Forests of R. Srpska”) a.d. So- kolac, RDPC Banja Luka, Grčka 21, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herze- govina, [email protected] 2. Zoran Stanivuković, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry, Stepe Stepanovića 75A, 78000 Banja Luka, the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstract: In this paper we report the finding of the most significant factors of biotic and abiotic nature influencing the general health condition of species in the genusPinus in artificially established stands on krast area of East Herzegovina. Research is conducted on seven sites in East Herzegovina. Sample plots, each 50x50m, were distributed on different elevations ranging between 314 and 1102 meters. Objects of the research on the sample plots were the following pine species: Pinus nigra Arnold, Pinus silvestris L., Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus heldreichii Christ. In accordance with provisions of The International Co-operative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP Forests) methodology, a degree of defoliation, degree of discoloration and degree of damage of Pinus species were found on separate sample plots. This research revealed 9 harmful types of fungi. Considering the importance and influence on health condition of Pinus species, the revealed pathogen diseases can be categorized into three groups: (+) types that occur in a small number and do not cause harm, 5 or 55.6% registered in total; (++) types that occur frequently, but their importance and intensity of pathogen influence are moderate, 2 or 22.2% registered in total; (+++) types that cause significant harm to artificially established pine stands, 2 or 22.2% out of the total number of the found pathogen species were identified on the examined sites. Seventeen types of class Insecta were identified on the object of research. Out of the total number of harmful insects types, 17.7% do not cause significant economic damage and have low frequency of occurrence, 29.4% are species which occur frequently and cause minor damage, while 52.2% of the types are prone to massive multiplication and cause great economic damage. Speaking of abiotic damage, the most significant is snow damage which occurs at 8.32% of trunks, as well as damage caused by hail. Applying the ICP Forests methodology, it was established that the sum of trunks showing some or no signs of defoliation is 87.59% out of the total number of trunks. The sum of trunks showing some or no discoloration is 87.68%. The degree of damage of Pinus species was calculated on the basis of degree of defoliation and discolorationis as follows: trees with no damage - 79.95%, trees with slight damage - 9.70%, moderately damaged trees - 4.77%, severely damaged trees - 2.88%, dead trees - 2.70%. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that the number of economically harmful organisms of biotic nature on the examined sites is insignificant. The results related to the degree of defoliation, degree of discoloration and degree of damage ofPinus species lead up to a conclusion that vitality and health condition of artificially established pine stands in East Herzegovina are at a satisfactory level.

Key words: biotic and abiotic factors, defoliation, discoloration, health condition, pines

105 FOREST PROTECTION: Poster presentations

HOST SPECIFICITY IN THE BOTRYOSPHAERIACEAE: A CASE STUDY IN THE WESTERN BALKANS

Author(s): 1. Milica Zlatković, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Michael J. Wingfield, University of Pretoria, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa 3. Fahimeh Jami, University of Pretoria, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa 4. Bernard Slippers, University of Pretoria, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Department of Genetics, Pretoria, South Africa

Abstract: The Botryosphaeriaceae (Ascomycota: Botryosphaeriales) represents a well-known family of endo- phytes and fungal pathogens of trees. This study aimed to consider the host range and distribution of these fungi by sampling diseased ornamental and forest trees and shrubs in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, spanning a Mediterranean and a Continental climatic region. Ten species of the Botryosphaeriaceae were identified and with the exception of Sphaeropsis visci and Pha- eobotryon cupressi, which occurred on one host, all the species occurred on two or more hosts. Phaeobotryon cupressi was present only in the Mediterranean region and S. visci, Dothiorella sp., Dothiorella sarmentorum and Diplodia seriata were found only in the Continental region. Pathoge- nicity tests were conducted on seedlings of 27 tree species and cut branches of six tree species from which the Botryosphaeriaceae were isolated. In addition, seedlings of Pinus patula and Eucalyptus grandis were also inoculated as hosts from which these isolates were not isolated. Inoculations showed that with exception of S. visci, P. cupressi and Dothiorella sp. all the rest of these fungi are not host specific, causing disease on various tree species, including those from which they have not been isolated. The results suggest that a combination of environmental and host factors affect the diversity and distribution of the Botryosphaeriaceae in the Western Balkans.

Key words: Botryosphaeriales, co-infection, generalist pathogen, host range

106 FOREST PROTECTION: Poster presentations

NOTES ON DISTRIBUTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPACT OF CORYTHUCHA ARCUATA (SAY) (HEMIPTERA, TINGIDAE) ON OAKS IN VOJVODINA, SERBIA

Author(s): 1. Leopold Poljaković-Pajnik, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia, [email protected] 2. Milan Drekić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 3. Andrej Pilipović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 4. Nataša Nikolić, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia 5. Saša Orlović, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia 6. Verica Vasić, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

Abstract: The oak lace bug originates from North America, and was first recorded in Europe in 2000 in Italy. In Turkey it was recorded in 2003. In the Balkans, it occurred in Bulgaria in 2012, while in Serbia firs finding was in 2013 around the town of Jamena in Srem. Although this insect is a weak flier, it is rapidly spreading through the wind. A typical symptom of an attack is the appearance of a change in the leaves that that manifest in discoloration and wilting. Nutrition on the oak causes drying and early decay of leaves what can increase sensitivity to other insects, diseases or the effects of pollutants. The damage is particularly pronounced in the stands of oak forests in the forests that are being managed by ŠG Sremska Mitrovica (JP Vojvodinašume), where in 2015 the total attack area was almost 27,000 hectares. The distribution of Corythucha arcuata on oak forests in Vojvodina was investigated during 2016 and 2017 with a total of 27 sites examined across the province. The presence is recorded on the basis of the established stages of the larvae or the adults on the leaves of oak trees. Investigations related to the influence of oak lace bug on the physiological processes in the plants were carried out in the oak stand, located in the area where the PE Vojvodinašume farm, ŠG Sremska Mitrovica, ŠU Morović, GJ Vinična - Žeravinac - Puk. Due to the large spread of pests on all age groups of the planting stock, as well as due to the easier accessibility of the attacked leaves, measurements were performed in the regenerated young stand. Out of a total of 27 sites where the presence of oak lace bug was investigated, it was found at 20 locations, while seven sites had no records on the insect. It was found in the oak stands, nurseries, parks and avenues in the largest part of Vojvodina, except for Eastern and Southern Banat, where it has not yet been found. The largest and most valuable complexes of the oak stands are located along the river Sava in Srem and along the Danube in Bačka (Gornje Podunavlje) were colonized by this introduced species, which is already causing significant damage to the cultiva- tion of oak and requires the implementation of protection measures. Investigations of the impact of oak lace bug on photosynthetic processes have shown that the attack leads to a decrease in photosynthesis intensity and transpiration in leves. The decrease in the intensity of the net photosynthesis in the affected leaves was as high as 59%, while the transpiration was reduced up to 22%. The difference in fluorescence between colonized and non-colonized leaves was also studied and statistically significant differences were found.

107 FOREST PROTECTION: Poster presentations

OBSERVATIONS ON DAMAGE, MORPHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY OF THE COMMON LACKEY MOTH [MALACOSOMA NEUSTRIA (LINNAEUS, 1758)] ON ROSE HIP (ROSA CANINA L.) TREES IN HOCALAR PROVINCE OF AFYONKARAHISAR, TURKEY

Abstract: The common lackey moth (Malacosoma neustria) is among important pest Lepidoptera species due to common and polyphagous species by feeding capacity and ability to high population level. M. neustria is feeding on also orchards and forest shrubs and trees like oak, rose hip, poplar and elm in Turkey. This study was conducted on M. neustria that cause significant damages on rose hip trees in Hocalar province of Afyonkarahisar city that is situated in the inner western part of Turkey. For this aim, field observations and laboratory studies were made during 2017. Egg clusters and larvae were collected and brought to laboratory and pupae and adults were obtained after larval feeding periods in laboratory conditions.M. neustria was determined as the most important pest of Rosa canina in Hocalar province. Larvae were feeding on leaves of rose hip plants and caused heavily damage by forming trees without leaves. Besides damage on rose hip, fruit and Salix spp. trees were affected by damage. This moth was univoltine and larvae started to hatch in the second half of May and also after feeding on leaves mature larvae pupated among leaves in last week of June. Pupae were observed in a white cocoon. Adults emerging from pupae were determined in the beginning of July under laboratory conditions. Also, they started to lay eggs in the mid of July in field. The caterpillars are brown with blue, orange and white stripes and also have long brown hairs. They live gregariously in a silk spun web and grow rapidly. According to measurement in laboratory, the lengths of mature larvae were varied between 42.3 mm and 44.2 mm (mean 42.9). The mean of first star larvae was measured as 1.95 mm (between 1.4 mm and 2.3 mm). Also, the lengths of pupae were between 14.5 mm and 18.3 mm (mean 16.1 mm). Male and female moths have yellowish orange forewings which can vary in shade and crossed by two darker lines. The male has feathered antennae. The wingspans of male were between 1.8 mm and 2.4 (mean 2.1 mm.) and it was measured for females between 3.1 mm and 3.9 mm (mean 3.6 mm). The females lay a band of eggs around twigs. The numbers of eggs in egg batches were varied between 61 and 159 and also the mean diameter of egg clusters and the mean length of egg were measured as 5.2 mm. and 0.9 mm respectively.

Key words: biology, damage, Malacosoma neustria, morphology, Rosa canina, Turkey

108 List of participants

Name Institution Address Country e-mail P.O. New Forest, Dehradun, Uttra- A. K. Sharma Forest Research Institute India [email protected] khand-248001 Rahbar Boulevard, Shahrekord, 18. Ahmad Karimi Shahrekord University, Faculty of Agriculture Iran [email protected] Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province aleksandar.baumgertel@sfb. Aleksandar Baumgertel University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia bg.ac.rs “Vojvodinašume” (Forests of Vojvodina) Aleksandar Tepavac 22245 Morović Serbia . Public Company, Morović Forestry Office Aleksandr Petuhov Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Volga State University of Technology [email protected] Sergeevich Lenin square 3 Federation IUGERS - Institute for urbanisam, civil engi- Aleksandra Kutić neering and ecology of Republic of Srpska Save Mrkalja 16, 78000 Banja Luka RS / B&H [email protected] Banja Luka aleksandra.lazarevic@sfb. Aleksandra Lazarević University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia bg.ac.rs Aleksandra-Anja Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Dragomirović Luka University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Amela Đurakovac Serbia [email protected] Department of Landscape Architecture Novi Sad Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Andraž Čarni Novi trg 2, p.p. 306, 1001 Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Research Center / University of Nova Gorica University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Andrej Pilipović Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Andrijana Bauer- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Živković Valencia University, Department of Geography, Artemi Cerdà Av. Blasco Ibáñez 28, 46010 Valencia Spain [email protected] Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group Name Institution Address Country e-mail Suleyman Demirel University, Atabey Voca- Ayse Gul Sarikaya 32670 Hıdırlık Mevkii- Atabey/Isparta Turkey [email protected] tional School Bayerisches Amt für forstliche Saat- und Barbara Fussi 83317 Teisendorf, Forstamtsplatz 1 Germany [email protected] Pflanzenzucht Bayerisches Amt für forstliche Saat- und Barbara Fussi 83317 Teisendorf, Forstamtsplatz 1 Germany [email protected] Pflanzenzucht University of Pretoria, Forestry and Agricul- South Bernard Slippers tural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Depart- Pretoria [email protected] Africa ment of Genetics Rahbar Boulevard, Shahrekord, 18. Beytollah Mahmoudi Shahrekord University Iran [email protected] Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province Biljana Pešić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Biljana Šljukić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Bojana Dabić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture Serbia [email protected] Novi Sad "Hrvatske šume" (Croatian Forest) limited Boris Belamarić Kneza Branimira 1, Zagreb Croatia [email protected] liability company Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja [email protected]. Branislav Cvjetković University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H Luka org University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Branislav Kovačević Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Branislav Trudić Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Branko Glavonjić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Branko Kanjevac University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Branko Stajić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Bratislav Matović Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Name Institution Address Country e-mail Bursa Technical University, Faculty of For- Burhan Gencal Mimar Sinan A2 Blok / 402-A Turkey [email protected] estry, Department of Forest Engineering Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja cedomir.crnogorac@pmf. Čedomir Crnogorac University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sciences RS / B&H Luka unibl.org Dalibor Ballian University of Sarajevo, Forestry Faculty Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo B&H [email protected] "Šume Republike Srpske" (Public Forest En- Damir Blagojević terprize "Forests of R. Srpska") a.d. Sokolac, Grčka 21, 78000 Banja Luka RS / B&H . Forestry Office Banja Luka Damjan Pantić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Dane Marčeta University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka danijela.djunisijevic-bojovic@ Danijela Đunisijević University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia sfb.bg.ac.rs Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Danijela Petrović University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka "Šume Republike Srpske" (Public Forest En- Ðakona Avakuma 4, 79240 Kozarska Darko Ljubojević terprize "Forests of R. Srpska") a.d. Sokolac, RS / B&H [email protected] Dubica Forestry Office Banja Luka University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Dejan Stojanović Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Bulgarian Academy of Science, Forest Re- 132, St. Kliment Ohridski Blvd. BG- Dimitar Dimitrov Bulgaria [email protected] search Institute 1756 Sofia University "Cyril and Methodius", Faculty of boulevard Partizanski odredi 24, Divna Penčić FYROM [email protected] Architecture 1000 Skopje Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Đorđije Milanović University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Dragan Borota University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Dragan Čomić University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Name Institution Address Country e-mail Dragan Gačić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Dragan Karadžić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Dragan Mihajlović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Dragan Nonić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Dragica Vilotić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Italian National Research Council, Institute Via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Elena Paoletti Italy [email protected] for Sustainable Plant Protection Sesto Fiorentino, Florence Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 [email protected]. Emina Mladenović University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture Serbia Novi Sad ac.rs Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, West Ring Road Blv. No: 251 / A Emre Babur Faculty of Forestry, Department of soil and Turkey [email protected] 46040 ecology Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Ernest Goršić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Evgeniy Goncharov Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Volga State University of Technology [email protected] Alekseevich Lenin square 3 Federation University of Pretoria, Forestry and Agricul- South Fahimeh Jami tural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Depart- Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028 [email protected] Africa ment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Natural Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Goran Trbić RS / B&H [email protected] Sciences and Mathematics Luka Hojka Kraigher Slovenian Forestry Institute Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Hrvoje Nevečerel University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Huseyin Fakir 32260 Isparta Turkey [email protected] Forestry Huseyin Sayin Zonguldak Forestry Directorate Zonguldak Turkey [email protected] Name Institution Address Country e-mail "Šume Republike Srpske" (Public Forest En- Igor Kneginjić terprize "Forests of R. Srpska") a.d. Sokolac, Vuka Karadzica 43, 79101 Prijedor RS / B&H [email protected] ŠG (FC) Prijedor Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Igor Trbojević University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sciences RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Bursa Technical University, Faculty of For- Inanc Tas Mimar Sinan A2 Blok / 402-A Turkey [email protected] estry, Department of Forest Engineering Iskra Apostolovska PE Parks and Greenery boulevard Ilinden 104, 1000 Skopje FYROM [email protected] Mendel University, Phytophthora Research Czech Ivan Milenković Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno [email protected] Centre Republic Ivana Radaković University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Ivona Kerkez University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Janko Ljubičić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Jasminka Rizovska University "Cyril and Methodius", Faculty of XVI Makedonska brigada, 1000 FYROM [email protected] Atanasovska Forestry Skopje Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Jasna Grabić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture Serbia [email protected] Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Jasna Grabić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture Serbia [email protected] Novi Sad Jelena Ferina Meteorologycal and Hydrological Service Grič 3, 10000 Zagreb Croatia [email protected] Jelena Nedeljković University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Jelena Subotić University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Jesús Rodrigo Comino University of Trier Universitätsring 15, 54296 Trier Germany [email protected] Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Jugoslav Brujić University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Kliment Ohridski Street 10, Sofia Julia Mihajlova University of Forestry Sofia Bulgaria [email protected] 1756 Name Institution Address Country e-mail Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Jura Čavlović University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Karlo Beljan University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Jamia Hamdard Residential Coaching Khulakpam Apshahana Forest Research Institute Academy, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard India [email protected] Nagar, New Delhi-110062 Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Kruno Lepoglavec University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Krunoslav Teslak University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb 3 Rue Maurice Audin, 69518 Vaulx- Laurent.LASSABATERE@ Laurent Lassabatere Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État France en-Velin entpe.fr University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Lazar Kesić Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Leopold Poljaković- University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Pajnik Forestry and Environment Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of 620144, 8 Marta Str., 202, Ekater- Russian Lidia Yalkovskaya [email protected] Plant and Animal Ecology inburg Federation Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Ljiljana Došenović University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Ljiljana Keča University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21101 Maja Karaman University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences Serbia [email protected] Novi Sad University of Ruhuna, Faculty of Agriculture, Mangala De Zoysa Kamburupitiya - Matara Road, 81100 Sri Lanka [email protected] Department of Agricultural Economics Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Marijan Šušnjar University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Name Institution Address Country e-mail Marijana Kapović- Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja marijana.kapovic-solomun@ University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H Solomun Luka sf.unibl.org Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Marijana Žunić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Marin Bačić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Marina Katanić Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Marina Nonić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Mario Božić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Mario Komarčević University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia . Zagreb Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Mario Šporčić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Marko Kazimirović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Marko Kebert Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Marko Perović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastre- Marta Curman Croatian Forest Research Institute Croatia [email protected] barsko Martin Bobinac University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] National Forest Centre, Forest Research Slovak Martin Moravčík T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 92 Zvolen [email protected] Institute Zvolen Republic Matija Bakarić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb Croatia [email protected] Matija Landekić University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb Croatia [email protected] Bursa Technical University, Faculty of For- Mehmet Kalkan Mimar Sinan A2 Blok / 402-A Turkey [email protected] estry, Department of Forest Engineering Name Institution Address Country e-mail Mersudin Avdibegović University of Sarajevo, Forestry Faculty Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo B&H [email protected] University of Pretoria, Forestry and Agricul- South Michael J. Wingfield tural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Depart- Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028 [email protected] Africa ment of Microbiology and Plant Pathology University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agricul- Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, Mihajlo Marković RS / B&H [email protected] ture 78000 Banja Luka University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Milan Drekić Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Milan Knežević University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Milan Mataruga University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Milan Medarević University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agricul- Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, Milan Šipka RS / B&H [email protected] ture 78000 Banja Luka Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Milan Stojanović University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21101 [email protected]. Milana Rakić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences Serbia Novi Sad ac.rs Milena Milosavljević - 3. Oktobra 83/21, 19210 Bor Serbia [email protected] University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agri- stankovic.milena08@yahoo. Milena Stanković Svetosavska 87, 75440 Vlasenica RS / B&H culture, Department for Forestry com Milica Marčeta University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Milica Zlatković Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Miljan Kalem University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Milorad Danilović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Milun Krstić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Name Institution Address Country e-mail Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastre- Miran Lanšćak Croatian Forest Research Institute Croatia [email protected] barsko Mirjana Ocokoljić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Mirjana Sekulić Serbia [email protected] Sciences Novi Sad mirjana.sijacic-nikolic@sfb. Mirjana Šijačić-Nikolić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia bg.ac.rs Mirjana Stanišić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] "Šume Republike Srpske" (Public Forest En- Mirko Šebez terprize "Forests of R. Srpska") a.d. Sokolac, Šipovačke brigade 1 , 70270 Šipovo RS / B&H [email protected] ŠG (FC) "Gorica" Šipovo National Forest Centre, Forest Research Slovak Miroslav Kovalčík T. G. Masaryka 22, 960 92 Zvolen [email protected] Institute Zvolen Republic University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Miroslav Marković Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agricul- Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, Mladen Babić RS / B&H [email protected] ture 78000 Banja Luka Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastre- Mladen Ivanković Croatian Forest Research Institute Croatia [email protected] barsko Bayerisches Amt für forstliche Saat- und [email protected]. Monika Konnert 83317 Teisendorf, Forstamtsplatz 1 Germany Pflanzenzucht de Nabiallah Yarali . . Iran [email protected] Volga State University of Technology, De- Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Nadezhda Kuklina partment of forest plantation, breeding and [email protected] Lenin square 3 Federation biotechnology Rahbar Boulevard, Shahrekord, 18. n_amirchakhmaghi@yahoo. Narjes Amirchakhmaghi Shahrekord University Iran Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province com Natalya Bulygina Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Volga State University of Technology [email protected] Alekseevna Lenin square 3 Federation Name Institution Address Country e-mail Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21101 Nataša Nikolić University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences Serbia [email protected] Novi Sad [email protected]. Nebojša Todorović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia rs University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Agricul- Bulevar vojvode Petra Bojovića 1A, Nemanja Jungić RS / B&H [email protected] ture 78000 Banja Luka "Šume Republike Srpske" (Public Forest En- nemanja.lazovic88@gmail. Nemanja Lazović terprize "Forests of R. Srpska") a.d. Sokolac, Kralja Petra I 14, 73300 Foča RS / B&H com ŠG (FE) "Maglić" Foča Nenad Đukić Government of Republika Srpska Trg Republike Srpske 1 RS / B&H [email protected] Nenad Keča University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Nenad Petrović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Nenad Radaković Enterprise NP "Đerdap" Donji Milanovac Serbia . Nenad Ranković University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] "Šume Republike Srpske" (Public Forest En- Nevena Kusmuk terprize "Forests of R.Srpska") a.d., Sokolac Glasinačka 9, 71350 Sokolac RS / B&H [email protected] Forestry Office Nevena Vasiljević University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Nevenka Ćelepirović Croatian Forest Research Institute Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko Croatia [email protected] Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja nikolapecanac1994@gmail. Nikola Pećanac University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H Luka com Nikola Šušić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] University "Cyril and Methodius", Faculty of XVI Makedonska brigada, 1000 Nikolco Velkovski FYROM [email protected] Forestry Skopje Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Nina Janjić University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sciences RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Ognjen Lukić University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Name Institution Address Country e-mail Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Oguzhan Sarikaya 32260 Isparta Turkey [email protected] Forestry Olivera Košanin University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty Ömer Kara of Forestry, Department of Watershed 61080 - Trabzon Turkey [email protected] Manegement Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Ozren Žolja University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Potočnik Igor University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Predrag Miljković University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Rade Cvjetićanin University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] “Vojvodinašume” (Forests of Vojvodina) Ranko Sarić Maksima Gorkog 24, 26000 Pančevo Serbia [email protected] Public Company University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry Ratko Čomić Slatinska 16, Priječani, Banja Luka RS / B&H [email protected] (retired) University of Tuzla, Faculty of Natural Sci- Rifet Terzić Univerzitetska 4, 75000 Tuzla B&H [email protected] ences and Mathematics University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Robert Erdelji Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment "Hrvatske šume" (Croatian Forest) limited Sandra Crnković Kneza Branimira 1, Zagreb Croatia [email protected] liability company Sanja Grubić - Seferi 6, 35008 Kamena Vourla Greece [email protected] Sanja Novak Agbaba Croatian Forest Research Institute Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastrebarsko Croatia [email protected] Sara Lukić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Saša Bogdan University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zagreb Croatia [email protected] "Šume Republike Srpske" (Public Forest En- Saša Drljača terprize "Forests of R. Srpska") a.d. Sokolac, Grčka 21, 78000 Banja Luka RS / B&H [email protected] RDPC Banja Luka Name Institution Address Country e-mail Saša Eremija Institute of Forestry Belgrade Kneza Višeslava 3 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Saša Orlović Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Saša Pekeč Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Wageningen University, Soil Physics and Droevendaalsesteeg 4 6708PB Saskia Keesstra Netherlands [email protected] Land Management Group Wagenin Rahbar Boulevard, Shahrekord, 18. Sayyedhassan Tabatabaei Shahrekord University, Faculty of Agriculture Iran [email protected] Chaharmahal Bakhtiari Province Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Seydi Ahmet Kavakli 32260 Isparta Turkey [email protected] Forestry Simone Di Prima University of Sassari Piazza Università 21, 07100 Sassari SS Italy [email protected] University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Siniša Andrašev Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment "Šume Republike Srpske" (Public Forest En- Siniša Cincar terprize "Forests of R.Srpska") a.d., Sokolac Glasinačka 9, 71350 Sokolac RS / B&H . Forestry Office snezana.belanovic@sfb. Snežana Belanović Simić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia bg.ac.rs snezana.obradovic@sfb. Snežana Obradović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia bg.ac.rs University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Špela Pezdevšek spela.pezdevsek.malovrh@ Department of Forestry and Renewable Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia Malovrh bf.uni-lj.si forest resources University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty Srđan Keren al. 29. listopada 46, 31-425 Krakow Poland [email protected] of Forestry University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Srđan Stojnić Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Name Institution Address Country e-mail University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of stefan.stjepanovicuis@gmail. Stefan Stjepanović Vuka Karadzica 30, 71126 Lukavica RS / B&H Agriculture com Stjepan Kvesić University of Sarajevo, Forestry Faculty Zagrebačka 20, 71000 Sarajevo B&H . Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Stjepan Posavec University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Svjetlana Ćoralić University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja [email protected]. Tanja Maksimović University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sciences RS / B&H Luka org University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Architec- Stepe Stepanovića 77, 78000 Banja Tanja Trkulja RS / B&H [email protected] ture Civil Engineering and Geodesy Luka Volga State University of Technology, De- Republic of Mari El, Yoshkar-Ola, Russian Tatiana Nureeva partment of forest plantation, breeding and [email protected] Lenin square 3 Federation biotechnology Tatjana Batalo University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Mendel University, Phytophthora Research Czech Thomas Jung Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno [email protected] Centre Republic University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Architec- Stepe Stepanovića 77, 78000 Banja Tijana Marić RS / B&H [email protected] ture Civil Engineering and Geodesy Luka Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Tijana Trbojević Ecology Research Association EID RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Tine Grebenc Slovenian Forestry Institute Večna pot 2, 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Vanja Daničić University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Vasilije Isajev Lješka 57, Beograd Serbia [email protected] (retired) Vasilije Trifković University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Name Institution Address Country e-mail "Šume Republike Srpske" (Public Forest En- velibor_blagojevic@yahoo. Velibor Blagojević terprize "Forests of R. Srpska") a.d. Sokolac, Grčka 21, 78000 Banja Luka RS / B&H com RDPC Banja Luka University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Verica Vasić Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Vesna Ćurguz University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Mladena Stojanovića 2, 78000 Banja Vesna Rajčević University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Sciences RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Violeta Babić University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Kliment Ohridski Street 10, Sofia Violeta Dimitrova University of Forestry Sofia Bulgaria [email protected] 1756 Vladimir Ćirović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Cvjetno naselje 41, 10450 Jastre- Vladimir Novotny Croatian Forest Research Institute Croatia [email protected] barsko Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Vladimir Petković University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Vladimir Stupar University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka University "Cyril and Methodius", Faculty of XVI Makedonska brigada, 1000 Vlatko Andonovski FYROM [email protected] Forestry Skopje "Hrvatske šume" (Croatian Forest) limited Vlatko Uzelac Kneza Branimira 1, Zagreb Croatia [email protected] liability company Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Vojislav Dukić University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Forest Research Institute (Badawczy Wojciech Gil Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary Poland [email protected] Leśnictwa) Yunus Emre Susam . Ankara Turkey [email protected] Name Institution Address Country e-mail Forest Research Institute (Badawczy Zbigniew Borowski Braci Leśnej 3, 05-090 Sękocin Stary Poland [email protected] Leśnictwa) Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10002 Zdravko Pandur University of Zagreb, Faculty of Forestry Croatia [email protected] Zagreb Zdravko Popović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Živan Janjatović University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Zlatan Radulović Institute of Forestry Belgrade Kneza Višeslava 3 11030 Belgrade Serbia [email protected] University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Zoran Galić Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Zoran Govedar University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Zoran Maunaga University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka University of Novi Sad, Institute of Lowland Zoran Novčić Antona Čehova 13, 21000 Novi Sad Serbia [email protected] Forestry and Environment Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja [email protected]. Zoran Stanivuković University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H Luka org Stepe Stepanovića 75a, 78000 Banja Zorana Hrkić-Ilić University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Forestry RS / B&H [email protected] Luka