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A L B a H a R H ־ SARAJEVO, Aleksandrova 24 ; Telefon Broj 648 — Brzojavi : ALBAHARI, Aleksandrova 24 ; ALBAHARI SIM AMIR BRKA TRAGIČNI REVOLUCIONAR Amir Brka NISIM ALBAHARI, TRAGIČNI REVOLUCIONAR Izdavač / Centar za kulturu i obrazovanje Tešanj [email protected] Posebna izdanja / Knjiga 38. Urednik izdanja / Miralem Brkić Recenzenti / Ivan Lovrenović, Husnija Kamberović, Srđan Šušnica Pogovor / Enver Kazaz Korice / Miralem Brkić ISBN: 978-9958-088-25-4 Amir Brka NISIM ALBAHARI TRACIČNI REVOLUCIONAR Tešanj, 2018. Želimo da saznamo kako biti dostojanstven, odvažan, čuvar budućnosti istina u ovom groznom prijelazu (Alain Badiou) SADRŽAJ Uvod: PROTIVKULTURE SELEKTIVNOGAPAMĆENJA......................... 9 JEVREJITEŠNJA, ŽIVOTISTRADANJE............................................................... 17 »U Tešnju započinje bosanska priča o Sefardima prezimenomAlbahari«.......................................................................... 25 Grana u Bosanskoj krajini..................................................................... 63 JošopotomstvuMošeAlbaharija...................................................... 78 HolokaustuTešnju................................................................................... 99 Zlodjelaikrivotvorine...............................................................................120 »Konačnorješenje«: 23.9.1942. godine..........................................138 JozefAlbahari,dramaienigma.............................................................144 0 ukupnom stradanjutešanjskih Jevreja........................................150 JevrejiiTešanjuNOB..................................................................................156 NISIM ALBAHARI U PREDRATNOME I RATNOM VREMENU............ 161 Dječak iz Tešnja...........................................................................................166 U gimnaziji i naprednoj omladini......................................................173 Do podizanja ustanka...............................................................................179 Formiranje ustaničkih jedinica oko Sarajeva i prve borbe s neprijateljem....................................................................191 Zarobljavanje i bjekstvo iz zatvora...................................................196 Sekretar OK KPJ za Odred »Zvijezda«.............................................202 Kriza ustanka i savjetovanje u Ivančićima...................................208 Druga i treća neprijateljska ofanziva...............................................220 Obnavljanje i nova plima NOP-a u istočnoj Bosni....................224 Šef Odsjeka OZN-e pri Štabu Trećega korpusa NOVJ...........233 0 Nisimovoj porodici................................................................................241 TRAGIČNIPORAZIOBNOVAUTOPIJE...........................................................259 Najviša priznanja i funkcije....................................................................264 Pitanje tzv. svjesnoga faktora................................................................270 Borili se i sagorjeli.......................................................................................277 Stigmatizacijahumanizmai mogućnostnade.............................284 Nakraju: ZAETIKUGLOBALNESOLIDARNOSTI....................................289 Bibliografija....................................................................................................... 297 Skraćenice_________________________________________________________ 322 POGOVOR: Dr. EnverKazaz........................................................................325 Bilješka o autoru & riječzahvale.......................................................341 Uvod: PROTIV KULTURE SELEKTIVNOGA PAMĆENJA Uobičajeno se revizijom historije imenuju tendencije što se i na južnoslavenskom prostoru duboko i žestoko odvijaju već bezmalo tri desetljeća, pri čemu, naravno, nije riječ o uvijek potrebnoj revalorizaciji koja bi išla za tim da se, u svjetlu novih istraživanja, pomjera prag historijskih spoznaja - nego o onim procesima što smjeraju ka relativizaciji humanističke aksiolo- gije, te, u suštini i konačnici, poništenju konzekvenci vojnoga poraza nacističkih i fašističkih snaga 1945. godine, kako bi se ideologije i društvene prakse ovih pošasti iznova legitimirale kao civilizacijski prihvatljivi principi "mišljenja" i na njima za- snovanoga konkretnog društvenog djelovanja. Јег, "najveća prekretnica u modernoj svetskoj istoriji - fašizam i Drugi svet- ski rat - kao planetarni poraz do кгаја razvijenog nacionaliz- ma, uz ogroman udeo u istorijskoj pobedi komunizma i inter- nacionalizma, izazvala je konsternaciju nacionalizma. Njego- va idejna osnova je sačuvana, ali javno eksponirana samo u emigraciji, negovana gotovo kao kučni ljubimac liberalne kri- tike komunizma u vreme hladnog rata. Šezdeset godina kasni- je, s nestankom komunizma, nacionalizam se vratio na istorij- sku scenu, u istom obliku i sa istom spremnošču da se ispolji i u najekstremnijem vidu, kao i рге više od pola veka."1 Ovo se prvenstveno zbiva u Srbiji i u Hrvatskoj, ali i u strem- ljenjima intenzivno prisutnim i u Bosni i Hercegovini, koja su uzročno-posljedično povezana sa takvim kretanjima kod bo- 1 Olivera Milosavljević: "Fašizam i istorijski revizionizam", u: Preispiti- vanje proštosti i istorijski revizionizam. (Zlo)upotreba istorije Španskog građanskog rata i Drugog svjetskog rata naprostoru Jugoslavije, priredio Milo Petrović, Udruženje Španskiborci 1936-1939, Beograd, 2014,123- 124. str. sanskohercegovačkih susjeda. A situacija u rodnom gradu Ni- sima Albaharija omogućuje konstataciju da su Tešnjaci, ирг- kos svim ne malim iskušenjima, očuvali civilizacijsku svijest, pa se društvene posljedice ovih tendencija tu uglavnom ne manifestiraju. I kontinuirano obilježavanje 9. septembra kao općinskoga praznika, dakle institucionaliziranog datuma pamčenja, potvrđuje da se u Tešnju antifašizam iz Drugoga svjetskog rata razumijeva i vrednuje u njegovim općeciviliza- cijskim orijentacijama, ali i kao borba za slobodnu i jedinstve- nu Bosnu i Hercegovinu, a ne samo za zajedničku jugoslaven- sku državu. Da je ta borba, štaviše, vođena prvenstveno za Bosnu i Hercegovinu, indicira - u čitanju Husnije Kambero- vića - suvremeni britanski historičar Marko Attila Hoare koji "zastupa tezu da se antifašistički pokret u Bosni i Hercegovini pozivao na bosanskohercegovački, a ne na jugoslavenski pat- riotizam. On pokazuje da su proglasi iz ljeta 1941. bili adresi- rani na 'Radni narod Bosne i Hercegovine', a ne na radnike Ju- goslavije kao cjeline. Također se, prema njegovu mišljenju, u tim proglasima pozivaju svi Bosanci da se ujedine u zajednič- koj borbi protiv neprijatelja, karakterizirajući tu borbu kao nastavak borbe protiv pritiska koji je prema Bosni i Hercego- vini vođen iz Beograda u međuratnom razdoblju. "2 Potvrdu ovih navoda nalazimo i u riječima Nisima Albaha- rija. Rasvjetljavajući 1977. godine motive i ciljeve predratnoga angažmana bosanskohercegovačkih komunista i progresivmh Ijudi, on piše slijedeće: "Monarhistički režim bivše Jugoslavije vodio je specifičnu politiku ргета Bosni i Hercegovini, koju je tretirao kao područje sa kojeg je vladajuća buržoazija crpila značajne profite eksploatacijom prirodnih bogatstava, prven- stveno šuma i ruda. [...] Centralističkom državnom upravom i administrativno-teritorijalnom podjelom zemlje na banovine, narušavana su osnovna prava naroda i narodnosti. Stvara- njem Banovine Hrvatske, u suštini, učinjena je kompromisna nagodba između srpske i hrvatske buržoazije. Bosna i Herce- govina je razbijena na više banovina, sa očitom namjerom da 2 Husnija Kamberović: "Predgovor", u: Bosna iHercegovina 1941: novi pogledi. Zbomikradova, Institutzaistoriju, Sarajevo, 2012,7. str. se negira njena istorijska i teritorijalna cjelina. Nenarodnim režimima nisu konvenirale težnje naroda Bosne i Hercegovine - Srba, Muslimana i Hrvata - da u zajednici naroda Jugoslavije žive samostalno, bez tutorstva, kako bi u slobodnom razvitku mogli unapređivati proces vlastitih privrednih, političkih i kul- turnih vrijednosti. Međutim, sa unitarističkim konceptom ju- goslovenske države, aspiracije velikosrpske i velikohrvatske buržoazije na Bosnu i Hercegovinu trajno su bile prisutne kao faktor i sastavni dio nacionalističko-šovinističke politike u programskim orijentacijama svih buržoaskih partija."3 Kada je formalno proglašena na drugom zasjedanju AVNOJ-a održanom 29-30. novembra 1943, nova Jugoslavija bila je federacija, što je potvrđeno i ustavom iz јапиага 1946. godine. Devedesetih godina Jugoslavija je nestala, a federalne su jedinice preživjele, među njima i Bosna i Hercegovina, i sto- ga se "uspostava tih federalnih i autonomnih jedinica, gledano unazad, čini kao trajniji uspjeh Tita i partizana nego usposta- va Jugoslavije, koja se pokazala prolaznom".4 3 Nisim Albahari: "Od aprilskog rata do ustanka", u: Sarajevo u revolu- ciji, tom 2, Komunistička partija Jugoslavije u pripremama i organizadji ustanka, Istorijski arhiv, Sarajevo, 1977, 9-10. str. - U istom smislu, mnogo kazuje i Albaharijeva naglašena afirmacija uloge Pavla Goranina Ilije, koji je rođen u Varaždinu 1915, osnovnu školu i gimnaziju završio je u Sarajevu, od 1934. student je Pravnoga fakulteta u Beogradu, a 1936. godine postaje član KPJ. U biografskom tekstu o ovom narodnom heroju Albahari piše da je Goranin "jedan od pokretača izdavanja triju proglasa (otvorenih pisama) bosanskohercegovačkih studenata našoj javnosti, u kojima se žigoše profašistička politika režima, ukazuje na opasnost od uvlačenja zemlje u novi, strašni rat, koji pripremaju fašis- tičke sile. To su, u stvari, dokumenti
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