SSOOCCIIOO--EECCOONNOOMMIICC DDAATTAA OOFF SSUUMMAADDIIJJAA AANNDD PPOOMMOORRAAVVLLJJEE

The basic geographic and historical data

Geography and topography

Region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje is located in the central part of the Republic of , in between big rivers the and the Danube in the north, the in the east, the Western Morava in the west. Sumadija and Pomoravlje consist of following areas: Temnic, Levac, Gruza, , , , Takovo, Kacer, , and Danube Region. The total area of the region is 5001km2, which makes 5.6% of the total area of the Republic of Serbia. On this territory, according to the last official census, conducted 2011th live 507 844 people, and the average population density of 101 inhabitants per km2. Proportion of population Sumadije and Pomoravlje in the total population of the Republic of Serbia is 7%. Region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje consists of two districts: Sumadija and Pomoravlje. Sumadija District includes the City of and six municipalities: Arandjelovac, Batocina, , Knic, Raca and . Total area of Sumadija District is 2.387 km2, of which 835 km2 covers the City of Kragujevac that is also the largest settlement in the Region. Population of Sumadija District is 298.778 inhabitants with average density of 125 Inhabitants/km2. make the city and five municipalities Paracin, , and Ćuprija. With a total area of 2617km2 and 214536 inhabitants, Pomoravlje district an average population density of 82 inhabitants per km2.

The City of Kragujevac is the largest Viewing area of municipalities of Sumadia and city in the territory of Sumadije and Pomoravlje region ( km2)

Pomoravlje, and reresent the 900 835 800 administrative, economic, cultural, 700 623 542 educational and health center of the 600 470 413 500 376 356 366 entire region Sumadije and Pomoravlje 400 326 287 300 216 and . It is ocated in the 136 200 55 100 central part of the Republic of Serbia 0 140 km southeast of Belgrade Knić Rača Topola Lapovo Ćuprija Paraćin Rekovac Batočina Jagodina Svilajnac Kragujevac Despotovac Aranđelovac

Source: Hydrometeorological Institute of Serbia

The geostrategic position

As noted above Sumadia and Pomoravlje is located in the central part of Serbia and thus its position has historically gained the title traffic intersection of Serbia. As a major communication should be mentioned international A10 corridor which runs the whole length of the territory, a network of highways that connecting Sumadija and Pomoravlje with other parts of Serbia, as well as the railway network in Lapovo, wich belonging to the railway lines leading south to Montenegro, Bulgaria and , and to the north towards Hungary and .

Population

Based on data related to four official census of the population it can be concluded that the development of the population of the region records negative trends that are reflected in the deepening of the following demographic processes: the total and natural depopulation and demographic aging. According to the census conducted 2011th The Sumadija district numbered 293,308 inhabitants, a Pomoravlje 214536 inhabitants. From the above data it can be seen that, in this period, the largest increase in 600000 576268 population in the region took place 580000 571804 during seventies, when the municipality 560000 of the region has recorded significant 540000 526399 526213 demographic progression. The main 520000 507844 reason for this demographic process 500000 was primarily significant economic 480000 development that has led to migrations from other parts of the country, as well 460000 as stronger population growth. 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011

Source: National Agency for Statistics At the beginning of the 21st century trend of demographic regression in the region continues, so that in the last census interval was recorded 18369 inhabitants. The cause of this is an outflow of population from the region, mainly to foreign countries, as well as reducing the rate of natural increase. This trend is typical for all municipalities in the region, except for the city of Kragujevac, which in observed interval recorded an increase in the population of 3615 people, or 2%. In absolute terms, the largest reduction in the the number of inhabitants is recorded in Paracin municipality (4052 population less than in the previous list).Rekovac recorded a population reduction of 22%, which is more than any other municipality in the region.

The structure of the population

Population by gender As for the gender structure of of the 300000 population regions it can be seen that in all 290000 the observed population censuses female 280000 population was larger than male. It is 270000 293390 289979

282878 interesting that this difference increased

260000 281825 250000 during the period, so in the census 269995

240000 263233 conducted in 1971. the ratio was 50.8: 49.2, 259974 259166 230000 256218 to 2002nd the ratio reached 51.3: 48.7 in 247870 220000 favor of women. According to the last m ž m ž m ž m ž m ž census in 2011 the ratio was 51.2: 48.2 in 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011 favor of women.

Source: National Agency for Statistics

The age structure of the population

The age structure of the population Sumadija and Pomoravlje shows that, during the period, the largest group of people moving from middle to old age. Thus, according to the census conducted in census 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011 2011th dominat group is (55 - 64 ), which 0 - 4 32108 39074 33103 22711 21686 makes 16.4% of the total population. 5 - 9 32195 37980 35872 26485 23972 Contingent of the population under 20 years 10 - 14 38288 34204 38716 30308 24082 15 - 19 49418 34572 37640 34072 28253 is a a significant declined. In fact, according 20 - 24 43789 42837 35135 35524 30634 to the last census, the population groups 25 - 29 30136 52625 34968 33891 32264 showed a decrease in the number of 54 016 30 - 34 38764 45358 42765 31429 33275 people, or 55% compared to the census 35 - 39 46203 31044 50719 31771 33290 40 - 44 47187 39214 43960 37899 31804 conducted in 1971. year. On the other 45 - 49 38993 45453 29335 45820 32571 hand, the municipality's population older 50 - 54 20567 45584 36991 40239 38049 than 60 years in the same interval 55 - 59 23635 37127 41746 25989 45224 continuous growth and it’s increased by 49 60 - 64 27928 19027 40656 31064 38453 234 people, or 58.9%. Bearing in mind 65 - 69 23810 20256 31248 33935 24487 70 - 74 16560 21315 14643 30445 26118 these comparisons, as well as the negative 75 i više 15208 24541 25546 31231 43682 natural growth of -6.2 ‰, while in some municipalities exceed -10 ‰ ( municipality unknown Rekovac even -21.9 ‰) can be said that 1610 1593 3225 3400 / Sumadija and Pomoravlje is characterized by a process of demographic aging . Source: National Agency for Statistics The ratio of urban to rural population - census 2011th

Municipality Total Urban Rural Rural (%) Aranđelovac 46225 24797 21428 46.35 Batočina 11760 / 11760 100 Knić 14237 / 14237 100 Kragujevac 179417 150835 28582 15.94 Lapovo 7837 7143 694 8.85 Rača 11503 2603 8900 77.37 Topola 22329 4973 17356 77.73 Despotovac 23191 6232 16959 73.12 Jagodina 71852 37282 34570 48.11 Paraćin 54242 25104 29138 53.72 Rekovac 11055 / 11055 100 Svilajnac 23551 9198 14353 60.94 Ćuprija 30645 19471 11174 36.46 Sumadija and 507844 287638 220206 43.36 Pomoravlje Source: National Agency for Statistics The ratio of urban and rural population in the municipalities of Sumadije and Pomoravlje clearly reflects the economic structure of of municipalities. In fact, in typical industrial centers such as Kragujevac, Aranđelovac, Jagodine, Cuprija, migratory movement of population to urban areas were more increased, so that today the participation of the rural population in the total reaches up to 48.11%. On the other hand, in municipalities that are typical of agricultural, such as Rekovac, Raca, Topola, Knić, Despotovac, the proportion of the rural population goes over 70%. Rural areas are characterized by depopulation due to the termination of the biological recovery, but also migration to urban and other areas more attractive to live and work.

The main contingents of the population in 2012

Expected life Basic old-age population contingents time of Total children born Population alive from women 15-64 18 i više 0-6 7-14 60 i more 2010-2012 15-49

aver index age of total % broj % total % total % total % total % M W age aging 42,5 Sum 129,53 201426 68,9 242335 82,9 18316 6,2 22251 7,6 64308 22,02 73,1 77,3 6 44,0 Pom 150,07 140120 65,8 177091 83,2 12419 5,8 16285 7,7 44543 20,93 72,1 77,4 8 S and 43,6 132740 26,1 139,8 341546 67,3 419426 83,1 30735 6,0 38536 7,65 108851 21,5 72,6 77,35 P 8 Source: National Agency for Statistics - Municipalities in Serbia

The average age of the population in the region is 43.68 . Juvenile population under the age of 15 , in 2012 the total of the population as a percentage is 13.65%. On the other hand, the population older than 60 in this period is 26.13% of the regional level.

Population aged 15 and over by gender and educational attainment, census 2011th

highe unive no incomplet primary secondary r rsity unknow Municipality Total educa e primary educati education educ educ n tion education on ation ation Total 39456 644 4665 8607 20766 2154 2537 83 Aranđelovac Female 20290 544 2946 4571 9699 1125 1348 47 Male 19166 90 1719 4036 11067 1029 1189 36 Total 10085 269 1667 2377 4975 370 407 20 Batočina Female 5090 210 1037 1320 2144 153 214 12 Male 4995 59 630 1057 2831 217 193 8 Total 6785 133 1064 1453 3554 273 266 42 Lapovo Female 3491 102 717 886 2044 127 130 19 Male 3294 31 347 567 1510 146 136 23 Total 12533 468 3001 2882 5448 340 359 35 Knić Female 6221 409 1773 1449 2240 141 193 16 Male 6312 59 1228 1433 3208 199 166 19 Total 154290 2870 12498 27162 84187 9711 17552 310 Kragujevac Female 79775 2350 8415 15021 39899 4488 9433 169 Male 74515 520 4083 12141 44288 5223 8119 141 Total 10053 223 2412 3030 3714 278 378 18 Rača Female 5036 174 1377 1513 1639 137 186 10 Male 5017 49 1035 1517 2075 141 192 8 Total 19346 432 4668 5027 7734 653 749 83 Topola Female 9752 357 2558 2532 3538 325 392 50 Male 9594 75 2110 2495 4196 328 357 33 Total 252548 5039 29975 50538 130378 13779 22248 591 Sumadija Female 129655 4156 18823 27292 60669 6496 11896 323 district Male 122893 883 11152 23246 69709 7283 10352 268 Total 20322 987 5565 5665 6761 498 774 72 Despotovac Female 10408 818 3298 2878 2768 244 358 44 Male 9914 169 2267 2787 3993 254 416 28 Total 61511 1680 7524 13835 30029 3437 4747 259 Jagodina Female 32081 1422 4750 7767 13741 1769 2486 146 Male 29430 258 2774 6068 16288 1668 2261 113 Total 46673 1590 7075 12542 20483 2033 2797 153 Paraćin Female 24085 1315 4369 6404 9525 951 1433 88 Male 22588 275 2706 6138 10958 1082 1364 65 Total 9930 541 2949 2685 3201 245 274 35 Rekovac Female 5081 477 1650 1366 1310 121 138 19 Male 4849 64 1299 1319 1891 124 136 16 Total 20441 638 5447 4773 7701 730 910 242 Svilajnac Female 10778 525 3326 2491 3511 349 445 131 Male 9663 113 2121 2282 4190 381 465 111 Total 26679 985 4134 6406 11864 1342 1771 177 Ćuprija Female 13862 847 2533 3480 5346 702 860 94 Male 12817 138 1601 2926 6518 640 911 83 Total 185556 6421 32694 45906 80039 8285 11273 938 Pomoravlje Female 96295 5404 19926 24386 36201 4136 5720 522 district Male 89261 1017 12768 21520 43838 4149 5553 416 Total 438104 11460 62669 96444 210417 22064 33521 1529 Sumadija and Female Pomoravlje 225950 9560 38749 51678 96870 10632 17616 845 Male 212154 1900 23920 44766 113547 11432 15905 684 Source: National Agency for Statistics - Municipalities in Serbia without education

incomplete primary 48,0% education primary education

secondary education

higher education 22,0% 5,0% 14,3% 7,7% university education 2,6% 0,3%

unknown

If we look at the educational structure of the population of Sumadija and Pomoravlje older than 15 we can say that the majority of the population have secondary education - 48%, while the primary education have 22% of the observed population. It should be noted that the 2.9% of the population older than 15 is without a basic education, where the problem is particularly pronounced in municipalities Rekovac, Despotovac, Knić, Svilajnac and Rača.

Population by activity, according to the census 2011th

active population Inactive population Nezaposleni Deca Obavlja Penzion Lica sa Učenici/ Domać Total Total mlađa zanim. Nekad Traže eri prih. od Ostalo Svega od 15.g studenti ice radili prvi pos imov. Sum 123743 92124 31619 18950 12669 169565 40760 66554 1148 23054 23236 14813 Pom 81441 60824 20617 12307 8310 133095 28980 54683 953 15337 20817 12325

Region 205184 152948 52236 31257 20979 302660 69740 121237 2101 38391 44053 27138

Source: National Agency for Statistics - Municipalities in Serbia Active population makes 40.4% of the total population in the region. From the total number of active population 74.5% perform some of the jobs, while the rest are unemployed looking for a job, or persons who have temporarily stopped their profession.

Number of settlements and households

2002 2011 The The average municipality number of The average Rb number of number of number of / city number of households number of household settlements households settlements household members members

1 Aranđelovac 19 15763 3.05 19 15630 3.00 2 Batočina 11 3777 3.23 11 3736 3.10 3 Knić 36 5276 3.06 36 4755 3.00 4 Kragujevac 57 59524 2.9 57 59991 3.00 5 Lapovo 2 2708 3.04 2 2455 3.20 6 Rača 18 3983 3.25 18 3593 3.20 7 Topola 31 7636 3.31 31 6936 3.20 8 Despotovac 33 8320 3.08 33 7666 3.00 9 Jagodina 53 24345 2.91 53 24908 2.90 10 Paraćin 35 17733 3.29 35 16679 3.20 11 Rekovac 32 4950 2.74 32 4024 2.70 12 Svilajnac 22 8123 3.14 22 7712 3.00 13 Ćuprija 16 10892 3.08 16 10489 2.90 Source: National Agency for Statistics - Municipalities in Serbia Changes in the number of households in the period between the two censuses (2002-2011) indicates that municipalities have practically the biggest demographic problems. In all the municipalities of the region, except Kragujevac and Jagodina there has been a drop in the number of households. All municipalities are characterized by a drop in the average number of household members except Lapovo municipalities and the City of Kragujevac. The average household size is in the range from 2.7 in Rekovac, to 3.2 in Topola, Raca and Lapovo.

The migration characteristics of the census of 2011 number of Cities and natural inhabitants Immigrants Emigrants Immigrants- municipalities growth 2011 2011 Emigrants

2002 2011 Aranđelovac 48129 46225 -249 579 649 -70 Batočina 12220 11760 -93 159 167 -8 Knić 16148 14237 -188 198 195 3 Kragujevac 175802 179417 -592 2241 1726 515 Lapovo 8228 7837 -66 73 85 -12 Rača 12959 11503 -145 160 160 0 Topola 25292 22329 -242 246 299 -53 Despotovac 25611 23191 -291 257 339 -82 Jagodina 70894 71852 -335 1442 939 503 Paraćin 58301 54242 -471 657 740 -83 Rekovac 13551 11055 -236 139 172 -33 Svilajnac 25511 23551 -281 298 312 -14 Ćuprija 33567 30645 -302 359 438 -79 Sumadija and 526213 507844 -3491 6808 6221 587 Pomoravlje Source: National Agency for Statistics - Municipalities in Serbia

Sumadija and Pomoravlje has a negative migration trends. Except Kragujevac and Jagodine which recorded higher population inflow, all other municipalities have a greater outflow of population. The reasons for this should be sought, above all, in varying economic strength of municipalities. The population of small and underdeveloped municipalities perform migrations within Sumadija and Pomoravlje towards to greater economic and educational centers (Kragujevac and Jagodina), and migration of these centers go beyond Sumadija and Pomoravlje mainly north to Belgrade and .There is also the great emigration movement, especially among the young, highly educated population, which creates the effect of "brain drain".

Vital events -2000-2012.god. Newborns deceased marriages Year per 1,000 per 1,000 Total Total concluded divorced inhabitants inhabitants Sumadija 2989 9,4 3967 12,9 1605 260 2000. Pomoravlje 2625 10,2 3700 14,3 1394 338 S and P 5614 9,8 7667 13,3 2999 598 Sumadija 2928 9,5 3800 12,4 1649 371 2001. Pomoravlje 2571 10,0 3536 13,7 1410 306 S and P 5499 9,7 7336 13,0 3059 677 Sumadija 3060 10,2 4059 13,6 1659 274 2002. Pomoravlje 2506 11,0 3620 15,9 1393 286 S and P 5566 10,5 7679 14,5 3052 560 Sumadija 3043 10,2 3999 13,4 1713 278 2003. Pomoravlje 2457 10,8 3717 16,4 1294 337 S and P 5500 10,5 7716 14,7 3007 615 Sumadija 3255 11,0 3871 13,1 1656 227 2004. Pomoravlje 2405 10,7 3696 16,4 1198 246 S and P 5660 10,9 7567 14,5 2854 473 Sumadija 2863 9,7 4320 14,6 1594 235 2005 Pomoravlje 2013 9,0 3034 17,2 1157 192 S and P 4876 9,4 7354 14,2 2751 427 Sumadija 2863 9,7 4320 14,6 1594 235 2006 Pomoravlje 2013 9,0 3834 17,2 1157 192 S and P 4876 9,4 8154 15,7 2751 427 Sumadija 2746 9,4 4159 14,2 1694 272 2007 Pomoravlje 1776 8,1 3574 16,3 1141 283 S and P 4522 8,8 7733 15,3 2835 555 Sumadija 2557 8,8 4058 14,0 1420 340 2008 Pomoravlje 1865 8,6 3548 16,3 1070 298 S and P 4422 8,7 7606 15,2 2490 638 Sumadija 2606 9,0 4173 14,4 1361 292 2009 Pomoravlje 1818 8,4 3799 17,6 949 248 S and P 4424 8,7 7972 16,0 2310 540 Sumadija 2483 8,6 3987 13,8 1378 126 2010 Pomoravlje 1779 8,3 3753 17,5 925 236 S and P 4262 8,5 7740 15,6 2303 362 2011 Sumadija 2597 9,1 4002 14,0 1337 223 Pomoravlje 1726 8,1 3870 18,2 984 221 S and P 4323 8,5 7872 16,1 2321 444 Sumadija 2477 8,5 4052 13,9 1297 195 Pomoravlje 2012 1746 8,2 3662 17,2 972 154 S and PS and 4223 8.3 7714 15.6 2269 349 P Source: National Agency for Statistics - Municipalities in Serbia Natural growth (per thousand) of 2000-2012.god municipality / city 2 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2012 0 0 Aranđelovac - 3 -2,9 -1,5 -3,2 0,3 -3,1 -3,1 -4,4 -4,3 -5,7 -4,9 -5,5 -5,4 , 7 Batočina - 5 -4,6 -7,5 -6,3 -7,1 -9,0 -9,0 -8,7 -10,6 -9,2 -9,2 -7,8 -8,0 , 5 Lapovo - 1 1 -11,3 -11,5 -9,5 -13,0 -12,0 -12,0 -11,1 -6,7 -11,3 -13,5 -13,5 -8,5 , 1 Knić - 1 -0,8 -1,3 -1,2 0,2 -3,0 -3,0 -2,5 -15,1 -13,9 -3,0 -14,9 -13,4 , 5 Kragujevac - 6 -7,8 -6,2 -8,7 -7,4 -10,2 -10,2 -8,8 -3,0 -3,0 -9,6 -2,6 -3,3 , 7 Rača - 7 -7,6 -10,9 -10,2 -12,3 -11,3 -11,3 -11,4 -13,0 -11,2 -12,5 -11,7 -12,8 , 1 Topola - 7 -6,7 -9,0 -6,7 -6,5 -11,1 -11,1 -12,1 -9,8 -10,8 -10,5 -7,4 -11,0 , 7 Despotovac - 3 -4,0 4,9 -8,5 -7,4 -11,4 -11,4 -12,0 -12,5 -14,5 -15,2 -13,9 -12,7 , 7 Jagodina - 3 -1,3 -4,6 -3,6 -4,1 -5,3 -5,3 -6,0 -5,4 -5,6 -5,5 -5,9 -4,7 , 3 Paraćin - 3 -3,9 -3,5 -4,8 -4,6 -6,8 -6,8 -7,1 -5,9 -8,2 -7,7 -8,0 -8,8 , 2 Rekovac - 1 1 -12,9 -13,4 -15,0 -15,0 -16,7 -16,7 -14,6 -16,2 -18,8 -20,0 -22,8 -21,9 , 9 Svilajnac - 5 -4,1 -4,5 -6,0 -6,7 -11,0 -11,0 -10,7 -11,7 -12,4 -12,6 -15,6 -12,1 , 2 Ćuprija - 4 -4,0 -5,0 -4,9 -5,5 -8,5 -8,5 -7,6 -6,4 -8,8 -9,5 -12,0 -10,0 , 0 Source: National Agency for Statistics - Municipalities in Serbia When it comes to population growth of municipalities vital statistics show that their values vary in this period, but with a negative prefix. This problem is especially pronounced in municipalities Despotovac, Raca, Knić and Rekovac where for many years is expressed a negative natural population growth of more than 10 ‰.

Ethnicity of inhabitants 2011.

Alb H G ani Th u e aff M R an Mo e M Sl n r Nis ili ac o un s nte Y Vla us ov g m Cr u ati Serb ed Ro m kn ne ug ch li en ar a oa se on s on ma an ow Other gri os s m ia ia n ts izja R ia ia n ns la s ns n s sni eg ns ns vs s li io

na l Sumadija 282772 46 927 266 9 421 126 2095 48 48 66 13 281 2779 276 2484 311 Pomoravlje 203419 85 273 178 1938 259 69 2638 250 20 45 21 194 2235 45 2361 212 S. and P. 486191 131 1190 444 1947 680 195 4733 298 68 111 34 475 5014 321 4845 523 Source: National Agency for Statistics - Municipalities in Serbia The largest population of Sumadija and Pomoravlje is Serbian nationality - 95.7%. Among the other ethnic groups are represented in the evening Roma and Vlachs: 0.9% and 0.4%. Vlachs are present at 0.4%, almost entirely in Pomoravlje district.

Human Resources

Employment

Employment by districts

90000 82225 80994 82308 79410 77808 75204 73917 71787 80000 68107 70000 61824 63426 59000 60257 60000 63356 61653 61212 60273 50000 57468 55392 51138 50713 51730 49495 50000 40000 46810 45349 30000 20000 10000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Sumadija district Pomoravlje district

Employment – Sumadija and Pomoravlje

150000 142766 139776 140000 135570 133363 131707 132999 129538 128380 130000 124699

117216 120000 109000 108775 110000 107067

100000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Employees Employees of Number of self- enterprises, employees per Year District wom employed institutions 1,000 of Total en persons and other inhabitants (%) organizations Sumadija district 82225 46,2 68135 14090 267 2000 Pomoravlje district 51138 37,5 43769 7369 198 Sumadija district 80994 46,6 66218 14776 264 2001 Pomoravlje district 50713 38,9 41957 8756 197 Sumadija district 77808 47,0 61559 16249 261 2002 Pomoravlje district 51730 37,0 39261 12469 228 Sumadija district 75204 46,4 57226 17978 252 2003 Pomoravlje district 49495 37,9 35264 14231 218 Sumadija district 82308 48,4 62771 19537 278 2004 Pomoravlje district 57468 38,7 40274 17194 256 Sumadija district 79410 44,2 61866 17544 269 2005 Pomoravlje district 63356 41,3 39139 24217 284 Sumadija district 73917 41,8 57567 16350 252 2006 Pomoravlje district 61653 44,4 35345 26308 278 Sumadija district 71784 41,4 55266 16518 246 2007 Pomoravlje district 61212 43,8 34534 26678 278 Sumadija district 68107 41,7 50790 17317 234 2008 Pomoravlje district 60273 44,5 34306 25967 276 Sumadija district 61824 43,1 46888 14936 214 2009 Pomoravlje district 55392 45,1 32996 22397 256 Sumadija district 59000 44,3 46000 13000 205 2010 Pomoravlje district 50000 45,5 32000 19000 235 Sumadija district 60257 47,3 46503 13754 210 2011 Pomoravlje district 46810 42,7 31138 15672 220 Sumadija district 63426 48,1 47186 16240 217 2012 Pomoravlje district 45349 42,6 31096 14253 213 Source: National Agency for Statistics The period from 2000. and ending with the 2003rd was marked by a continuous decreasing the total number of employees, and in the 2003rd was registered 6.5% fewer employees than 2000th . In the 2005 was recorded maximum value in the number of employed persons of Sumadija and Pomoravlje. Expressed as a percentage, as compared to 2003rd This year increase was 14.5%. Increase in the number of employed persons in this period was largely a result of the legalization of the business through the registration of employees, but partially it is a consequence of implemented social programs that provided redundant workers from privatized social system to be requalified and start work in the private sector. After the 2005th came a new reductions in the number of employed persons of Sumadija and Pomoravlje. According to the latest data, reffering to 2007. , in the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje was employed 132,999 people, or 6.8% less than in 2005. The participation of women in the total number of employed persons of Sumadija and Pomoravlje in this period was in the range from 42.9% to 44.5%, where the most common value of this parameter was 43%. If this analysis is "reduced" at the district level can be noticed change from 7% in the number of employees in Pomoravlje district in period from 2000th to 2008th . Same period Sumadia region was marked a gradual decreasing the of the number of employees, which the 2008th year reached 17.2%. If we compare the data on employment in the territory of the entire region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje related to the beginning and end of the period (2000-2012), there is a change in the total number of employed persons decreased for 18.4%

Sumadija and Pomoravlje – Employees of enterprises/self-employed persons

120000

100000 111904 108175

80000 103045 101005 100820 92912 92490 89800 85096

60000 79884 78282 78000 77461

40000 43196 43284 42658 20000 41761 37333 36731 32209 32000 30493 29426 28718 0 21459 23532 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Employed in entreprises, instituions, cooperatives and other organisations Self-employed

Analyzing the structure of employment in the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje in this period (2000-2012) there is an evident steady increase in the number of employees in the sector of entrepreneurship.In fact, while the number of persons employed in enterprises, institutions and other organizations since 2000 – 20012. is reduced by 31.5%, meanwhile the number of people who are self-employed, together with persons employed by them is continuously increased during the period 2000-2008 recorded steady growth and in 2008 recorded an increase of 101.3%. Increasing of the number of self-employed people is the consequence of the development of private enterprise with an effective institutional support from the government (support for employment and restrictive application of the Labor Law of the Republic of Serbia). Here it should be said that in the above analysis for this period included employees of the companies that have a certain period in the process of bankruptcy. In the period after 2008, there was a drop in the number of employees in enterprises with 42%, while the number of persons employed in enterprises, institutions and other organizations noted a decrease of 11%.

Employment by sector of activity

Sumadija district 2012

35.0 31.4 30.0 25.0 20.0 14.2 12.4 15.0 10.5 10.0 4.7 5.6 3.2 3.3 5.0 2.5 2.8 2.0 0.4 0.7 1.3 1.6 0.04 1.2 1.5 0.6 0.0 mining fishing industry education Public Health and Health and Health activities service social care social care social processing estate Real activities insurance scientific, technical , technical , Supply el. Supply forestry and forestry and social and and steam and food and services Construction Transport, Financial and Financial Professional, support and Wholesale , Wholesale Other service Other storage and storage Administrative administration Electricity, gas Electricity, supply Water management repair of motor of repair trade and trade retail communication communication Information and Information and wastewater and Accommodation

Pomoravlje district 2012

35.0

30.0 29.2 25.0 20.0 15.0 15.2 11.9 10.0 9.9 6.0 5.7 3.6 3.4

5.0 2.7 2.2 2.0 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.0 0.1 mining fishing industry education Public Health and Health and Health activities service social care social care social processing estate Real activities insurance scientific, technical , technical Agriculture, Supply el. Supply forestryand and social and and steam and food and services Construction Transport, Financial and Financial Professional, support and Wholesale , Wholesale Other service Other storage and storage Administrative administration Electricity, gas Electricity, supply Water management repair of motor of repair retail trade and trade retail communication communication Information and Information and wastewater and Accommodation

If you observe the structure of employees by sector of activity, can be concluded that in the same sectors od activity, both districts Sumadija and Pomoravlje participate in the employment of the majority of the population. Here is particularly noteworthy the manufacturing industry as the dominant sector by the number of employees in both districts. In fact, this sector in the total employment population in Sumadia districts participates with 31.4%, while this share in Pomoravlje is 29.2%. This high percentage is related to the manufacturing industry with a decades-long tradition that exists in the field of metal and non-metal processing industry. The following sector-by-sector representation is sector of the health and social care in which district Sumadia refers 14.2% and Pomoravlje district 15.2%. The education sector employs 12.4% in Sumadija district, while 11.9% of employees in Pomoravlje district. The trade sector is one of the most dominant sector among the business entities on the territory of the observed districts. However, the share of this sector is not equally transferred to the employment of the population, so that this sector in Sumadia district employs 10.5% and Pomoravlje district employees 9.9%.

Unemployment

Unemployment by districts

37434 40000 37069 37279 37057 35619 34307 34585 35350 33996 35125 34926 35000 31025 29003 28853 28936 28040 27144 27846 28425 30000 25682 25615 25058 25006 26304 22108 25000 19965 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Sumadija district Pomoravlje district

Unemployment – Sumadija and Pomoravlje

80000 65922 68304 65097 62763 63550 63862 70000 59922 59643 62440 61654 61842 60000 51111 45647 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

women Per 1,000 Year district total inhabitants Total (%) Sumadija district 25682 15468 60,2 83 2000 Pomoravlje district 19965 11742 58,8 77 Sumadija district 29003 17142 59,1 94 2001 Pomoravlje district 22108 12692 57,4 86 Sumadija district 34307 19685 57,4 115 2002 Pomoravlje district 25615 14339 56,0 113 Sumadija district 37069 20811 56,1 124 2003 Pomoravlje district 28853 15606 54,1 127 Sumadija district 37279 18222 48,9 126 2004 Pomoravlje district 31025 11776 38,0 138 Sumadija district 34585 19608 56,7 117 2005 Pomoravlje district 25058 13915 55,5 112 Sumadija district 37057 21448 57,9 126 2006 Pomoravlje district 28040 15257 54,4 126 Sumadija district 37434 21323 57,0 128 2007 Pomoravlje district 25006 13541 54,2 114 Sumadija district 35350 20255 57,3 122 2008 Pomoravlje district 26304 14289 54,3 121 Sumadija district 35619 20 175 123 2009 56,6 Pomoravlje district 27144 14 532 53,5 126 Sumadija district 33996 18 925 118 2010 55,7 Pomoravlje district 27846 14 874 53,4 130 Sumadija district 35125 19167 122 2011 54,6 Pomoravlje district 28425 15126 53,2 134 Sumadija district 34926 19322 55,3 120 2012 Pomoravlje district 28936 15281 52,8 136 Source: National Agency for Statistics According to statistics, the number of registered unemployed persons in the region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje in observed period, with some fluctuations is increased by 29%. Period to the 2004th was characterized by a continuous increase in the number of unemployed persons and reached the highest value of 68304 unemployed. The increase in the number of unemployed in this period was primarily inactivity of large social systems, which are in the process of privatization or bankruptcy.Releasing a portion of the workforce reduced number of employees. On the other hand, period from 2004-2008. was characterized by significant fluctuations in the number of registered unemployed persons. Institutional support from the state through self- employment programs make crucial impact on reducing the number of unemployed persons in the 2005th year. Restrictive application of the labour law influenced the reduction of the gray economy, and increased number of registered businesses and the number of registered workers. From 2008 -2012 there were no major fluctuation of unemployed persons as in the previous period. At the end of 2012. was registered 63862 unemployed persons, 34926 in Sumadia district and 28936 in Pomoravlje district. Participation of women population in the total number of registered unemployed of Sumadija and Pomoravlje at the beginning of the observed interval was 59.6%,it decreased in the following period and at the end of the period reached a value of 54.18%. The above information should be taken with caution because of the fact that certain number of unemployed persons was not recorded on the labor market, while, on the other hand, the number of reported is work active, but not recorded by the National Employment Service.

The unemployment rate in municipalities – 2012

80,0 63,5 70,0 61,4 60,7 60,0 45,3 52,4 48,2 51,3 50,0 45,7 44,7 41,1 41,4 38,8 40,0 30,0 24,5 20,0 10,0 0,0 Knić Rača Topola Ćuprija Lapovo Paraćin Batočina Rekovac Jagodina Svilajnac Kragujevac Despotovac Aranđelovac

In the graph is given the unemployment rate of municipalities Sumadia and Pomoravlje calculated according to the methodology of the National Bureau of Statistics, which refers to share of the unemployed persons in the total number of employed and unemployed people of the municipality. According to this methodology, the highest unemployment rate recorded municipalities Batočina and Rekovac, respectively 61.4% and 63.5%. High unemployment is characterized by a municipality Knić (60.7%), Paracin (51.3%) and Topola (52.4%). The lowest unemployment rate among the observed municipalities of municipalities has Rača, Despotovac 24.5% and 38.8%. The unemployment rate of the Kragujevac is 41.4% and of Jagodina 48.2%. If we look at the average unemployment rate of all municipalities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje from 2000 onwards and ending with the 2008th , it can be seen that it follows trend that is characterized by the average unemployment rate of the entire Republic of Serbia. Looking at the attached comparative view, it is obvious that at the beginning of the period Sumadija and Pomoravlje region's unemployment rate is slightly lower than the national average, and at the end of the same interval, with some fluctuations, reached a higher value that exceeded national average rate. Since 2008 to the end of the observed period the unemployment rate in the region is higher than the unemployment rate in the Republic of Serbia.

The average rate of unemployment in 2012th at the regional level was 37%.

The unemployment rate Sumadia Pomoravlje / Republic of Serbia 2000-2012

45,0 40,0 36,2 37,2 37,0 32,9 34,6 30,2 33,7 34,9 35,0 32,8 32,4 31,9 27,7 29,1 30,0 25,0 31,6 34,3 32,1 31,1 32,4 35,0 29,7 30,4 27,9 20,0 25,5 28,0 29,5 28,2 15,0 10,0 5,0 0,0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Šumadija i Pomoravlje Srbija

The age structure of the unemployed – region decembar 2012. age Total % women % 15 -19 years 1791 2,8 804 44,9 15 -19 year 20 - 24 years 7041 11,0 3642 51,7 20 - 24 years 11,5% 4,0% 2,8% 11,0% 25 - 29 years 8281 13,0 4759 57,5 12,1% 13,0% 25 - 29 years 30 - 34 years 7694 12,0 4584 59,6 30 - 34 years 35 - 39 years 7504 11,8 4460 59,4 35 - 39 years 40 - 44 years 6965 10,9 4199 60,3 40 - 44 years 45 - 49 years 6936 10,9 4022 58,0 45 - 49 years 12,0% 50 - 54 years 7752 12,1 4339 56,0 10,9% 50 - 54 years 11,8% 55 - 59 years 7344 11,5 3444 46,9 10,9% 55 - 59 years 60 - 64 years 2554 4,0 350 13,7 60 - 64 years

Total 63862 100 34603 54.18 Source:National Employment Service

Among the registered unemployed population of Sumadija and Pomoravlje most numerous group of unemployed persons aged 25-29 , 30-34 50-54 , respectively 13%, 12% 12.1%. The share of women among the unemployed is most dominant in 40-44 years of age, and it is 60.3%.

Unemployed by years of waiting for the job – region decembar 2012 total % women % 3,9% 11,6% Up to 1 year Up to 1 year 19633 30,7 9399 47,9 30,7% 11,0% from 1 to 2 years 11707 18,3 5852 50,0 1 to 2 years from 2 to 3 years 6654 10,4 3640 54,7 2 to 3 years from 3 to 5 years 8945 14,0 5045 56,4 3 to 5 years 5 to 8 years from 5 to 8 years 7006 11,0 4185 59,7 14,0% 8 to 10 years from 8 to 10 years 2494 3,9 1507 60,4 18,3% 10,4% over 10 years over 10 years 7423 11,6 4975 67,0

total 63862 34603 Source:National Employment Service

In the structure of registered unemployed of Sumadija and Pomoravlje by duration of waiting for the job are the most numerous groups for the new jobs that are waiting up to one to two years. These groups in the total number of registered unemployed of Sumadija and Pomoravlje are represented, respectively to 30.7% and 18.3%. Other groups, except the group of unemployed persons that are waiting 3 to 5 years (14%) and between 8 and 10 (3.9%), are represented with approximate share.

The qualification structure of the unemployed – region december 2012 Total % Women % no 5,6% Without qualifications qualifications 21473 33,6 11506 53,6 6,3% 33,6% High school Secondary School degree 34783 54,5 18934 54,4 qualifications College degree 4018 6,3 1922 47,8 Higher education University qualifications degree 3588 5,6 2241 62,5 University level Total 63862 100 34603 / 54,5% qualifications

Source:National Employment Service

If we observe the qualification structure of registered unemployed in the municipalities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje may be concluded that more than half of the employed have a high school diploma, precisely 54.5%. The next-largest group are unemployed with no qualifications 33.6%. Such a high proportion of people with no qualifications indicates the necessity of intensive implementation of measures for formal and non-formal education, as well as strategic measures to support employment at local and national level. The participation of women in these groups is almost identical and is respectively 54.4% and 53.6%. Unemployed college and university graduates is significantly lower: 6.3% and 5.6%

Economy

The economic reality of a region can be measured in many ways and through many economic indicators. The most commonly applied and most reliable economic indicator is gross domestic product per capita (GDP per capita). However, since 2005 in the Republic of Serbia this indicator is not measured, but, taken as an alternative one also often applied indicator, the so-called economic aggregate. Economic aggregate is calculated out of the product of the total number of employees in Sumadija and Pomoravlje district and the average gross profit per employee. It is a summary indicator because it gives a common value displayed in Euros, which is the result of economic activity of the above two districts. The advantages of economic aggregates as indicators are very clear, easy to calculate and provide comparability. The main drawback is that it is based on average values (gross salaries), and is less accurate than the gross domestic product per capita that represents total production of goods and services per capita achieved at the regional level, regardless of ownership.

Economic Aggregate Review of Economic Aggregate of Sumadija and Pomoravlje Economic Aggregate Average Incomes Total Index compared to Level in relation to the (EUR) previous year Year end (EUR) Republic of Serbia 2005 43678344,4 116 305,9 86.4 2006 57183458,5 130.9 421,8 62.1 2007 64967869,5 113.6 488,5 84.2 2008 69086610,7 106.3 538,1 89.8 2009 53763462,7 77.8 458,6 89.8 2010 48838540,1 90.8 448,1 89.8 2011 54548845,9 111.7 509,5 95.8 Source: National Agency for Statistics The values of economic aggregates for Sumadija and Pomoravlje district are surveyed for the last seven years and display a trend of economic activities development in the region. Economic aggregate most drastic increases in 2006 when it records the growth of 13,505,114.1 Euro compared to 2005, respectively, 30.9%. In the next two years, growing is also recorded, but in a somewhat smaller scale: for 7,784,411 Euros (13.6%) in 2007 and 4,118,741.2 Euros (6.3%) in 2008. For the period 2005-2008 total increase in the absolute value of economic aggregates is 25,408,266.3 Euros (58.2%).2009. and 2010th a decrease in the amount of economic aggregates was 4924922.6 euros, while in 2011 the re-recorded economic growth of aggregate was 5710305.8 euros. When talking about the average gross earnings per employee in Sumadija and Pomoravlje district, it is under the national average in all seven observed years. The highest value of the average gross salary in the region, in relation to the republic level, is recorded in 2011 when it was 95.8% of the national average.For other three years 86.4% (2005.), 84.2% (2007.) i 89.8% (2008.) od republičkog proseka.The 2008th year recorded the highest absolute value of the average salary in the amount of Euro 538.1. The absolute value of the average gross salary of Sumadia and Pomoravlje region, for the given time period, in the gross amount is increased to 203.6 euros or 60.1% in the 2011th year, as has already been stated, the amount 538.1 euro It is necessary to stress that the percentage increase in wages in the gross amount, largely a consequence of the increase in public sector wages. Index of economic aggregates in comparison to the previous year and the average wage level in relation to the republic level, are given in the following charts.

Index EA in comparison to previous year AI level in comparison to the Republic of Serbia

140 120 130.9

120 116 113.6 111.7 100 106.3

100 90.8 80 77.8 80 60 60

40 40

20 20

0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Foreign trade exchange with foreign countries

According to the Regional Chamber of Commerce Kragujevac foreign trade of Sumadija and Pomoravlje in surveyed period is characterized by an increase of its nominal value. Comparing the data from the year 2008 to corresponding data from 2002 an increase of 357.9% of import and exports of 527.1% is noticed. Sumadija and Pomoravlje district generate deficit of payments balance all monitored years: 76,042,274 US Dollars in 2002, 107,690,603 US Dollars in 2005, 193,672,710 US Dollars in 2007 and 165,301,967 US Dollars in 2008. If we look at the trend, there is a constant deficit in the period 2002-2007. The trend is interrupted in 2008 when deficit is reduced by 14.6%, respectively, in the absolute amount of 28,370,743 U.S. Dollars. If the coverage of imports by exports is analyzed then there is obvious coverage increase so that in 2008 it totaled 66.8%, while its value for 2002, 2005, and 2007 amounted to, respectively: 45.4%, 54.1% and 58.5%. The parameters indicate positive trend that is reflected in the growth of export activities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje due to the reduced deficit and increased coverage of imports by exports in 2008. However, in 2011 the value of exports is greater than imports for 20.1% .

Export Import

800000000 709991623 700000000

600000000 566950450

498215695 484200000 500000000 466519755 475050456

400000000 332913728 285000000 300000000 272847045 234731618 222806466 200000000 139204380 127041015 100000000 63162106

0 2002 2005 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source:Regional Chamber of Commerce Kragujevac

Review per countries Review of import / export per countries – 2005

B os nia a nd Ita ly Herzegovina 12,5% Maced on ija Ge rm an y 24,2% S lo ven ia 10,6% Slove nia 37,6% 49,9% Au s tria Germ a ny 8,6% 8,5% Switzerland R us s ian 7,7% Bo s n ia an d 7,4% Fed era tio n B elgiu m Herzegovina 5,5% 4,1% Other countries 7,1% 5,1% 5,0% 6,2% Other countries

Review of import / export per countries – 2007.

Italy Montenegro Bosnia and Hercegovina 18.2% 17.0% 28.7% Slovenia

Austria Italy 43.7% 9.2% 13.6% Germany Sw itzeland 7.3% 3.9% Makedonija 7.0% 4.8% 10.7% Sw itzeland 6.7% 4.4%4.5%5.7% Bosnia and 7.0% 7.7% Croatia Hercegovina Other counties Other countires

Review of import / export per countries – 2008.

Mo n te n eg ro Italy B os nia a n d 1 3,2 % 1 8,5 % Aus tria Herzegovina S lo ven ia 35 ,1% 10 ,1% Ge rm a ny Ge rm a ny 4 3 ,9 % Slo ven ia 1 5,3 % Ma ced on ija 1 0 ,0 % C h ina Fra nce Switzerland 6 ,6% 4,8 % 10 ,0% 4,8 % C ro atia 5,8 % 5 ,1%6,4 % 4,9 %5 ,5% Bo s nia a nd Herzegovina Other countries Other countries

Source:Regional Chamber of Commerce Kragujevac

Review of import / export per countries – 2009.

Montenegro Montenegro

Bosnia and Bosnia and Hercegovina Hercegovina 0.6%3.6% Italy 15.8% Italy

Germany Germany 37.9% 32.0% 42.1% F.R.O.Y. Macedonia 17.1% F.R.O.Y. Macedonia

Sw itzerland 4.2% Sw itzerland 3.0% 8.3% 8.0% 12.6% 1.9% Croatia 5.0%1.6%6.2% Croatia

Ostale zemlje Other countries

Source:Regional Chamber of Commerce Kragujevac

Review of import / export per countries – 2011.

Montenegro

Montenegro Bosnia and 4.5% 0.2%2.7% 6.4% Hercegovina 16.1% Bosnia and Hercegovina Italy Italy 21.3% Germany Germany 52.7% 14.4% F.R.O.Y. Macedonia F.R.O.Y. Macedonia 60.4% Sw itzerland 1.9% Sw itzerland 8.7% 1.8% 2.4% 2.3% Croatia 2.0%2.0% Croatia Ostale zemlje

Ostale zemlje

Source:Regional Chamber of Commerce Kragujevac In terms of the countries, with most intensive foreign trade, it can be said that the most important foreign trade partners of Sumadija and Pomoravlje district are: Italy, Austria, Germany, Slovenia, , Macedonia and more recently Montenegro. In 2005 Sumadija and Pomoravlje mostly imported from Italy (12.5%), Germany (10.6%), Slovenia (8.6%) and Austria (7.7%). Collectively, imports from these four countries makes 39,4% of total import activities of the two districts. When it comes to export, most activities are realized with Bosnia and Herzegovina i.e. a quarter of exports of Sumadija and Pomoravlje - 24.2%. After Bosnia and Herzegovina it is mostly exported to Macedonia (8.5%), Slovenia (7.4%) and Italy (7.1%). Almost a fifth of total imports of the Region (18.2%) in 2007, made from Italy. Germany, Slovenia and Austria; their share in import structure is respectively: 9.2%, 7.3% and 7%. Concerning export largest share of it in 2007 had the Republic of Montenegro (17%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (13.6%), Slovenia and Italy with 10.7% and 7.7%. In 2008, most of the imports where from Italy (13.2%), Austria (10.1%), Germany (10.0%) and Slovenia (6.6%). Collectively, these four countries accounts for 39.9% of total imports activity of Sumadija and Pomoravlje district. On the other hand, most exports went to Montenegro (18.5%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (15.3%), Slovenia (10.0%) and Germany (6.4%). These four countries together account for the half of the export activities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje, respectively, 50.2%. In 2009 the most is imported from Italy (32%), Switzerland (12.6%) and Germany (8.3%) these four countires make more than half of total imports (52.9%). Exportsin 2009 are mainly in pointed to Bosnia and Herzegovina (17.1%), Montenegro (15.8%) and Germany (8%). In 2011, Most imports are focused on Italy (16.1%) and Germany (14.4%), which makes accurate (30.5%) of the total imports. Imports from the Republic of Macedonia and Switzerland is balanced with amounts (1.8%) and 1.9%). The largest part of the goods are exported to Italy (21.3%) and Germany (8.7%), which make for almost a third of total exports, followed by Bosnia and Herzegovina (6.4%), while exports evenly distributed in Switzerland (2%) , Croatia (2%), the Republic of Macedonia (2.3%).

Review per activities sector

Review of import / export per activities sector – 2007.

1,7% 3,1% Manuf. of food products and Manuf. of metals and 4,0% bev erages metal products Other manufacturing Manuf. of electrical and optical products Manuf. of other non-metallic 4,5% 9,8% Manuf. of food products 4,1% 16,6% 27,7% mineral products 4,6% and beverages 4,7% Manuf. of rubber and plastic Manuf. of other machinery produc ts Manuf. of textile yams and Other manufacturing 12,1% tex tiles 6,2% Manuf. of electrical and optical 15,9% Manuf. of rubber and produc ts plastic products Manuf. of other machinery 7,7% Manuf. of other non- 15,3% 12,9% metallic mineral products Manuf. of metals and metal Manuf. of textile yams and produc ts 10,9% 12,2% tex tiles 14,6% Manuf. of transport equipment Manuf. of transport 11,5% equipment Other sectors Other sectors

Review of import / export per activities sector – 2008.

Manuf. of chemicals and Manuf. of electrical and optical chemical products produc ts Manuf. of metals and metal Manuf. of other machinery produc ts 13,0% 1 8 ,7 % 18 ,1 % 18,3% Manuf. of other machinery Manuf. of metals and metal produc ts Manuf. of electrical and optical Manuf. of food products and 3,3 % 15,0% produc ts bev erages 4 ,0 % Manuf. of rubber and plastic 1 5 ,1% Manuf. of transport equipment 12,7% 4 ,1 % produc ts Manuf. of rubber and plastic 4,7% Manuf. of textile yams and tex tiles produc ts 5,2% 1 0 ,8 % Manuf. of other non-metallic 11,4% Manuf. of other non-metallic 1 5 ,0% mineral products 9,2% mineral products 1 1 ,0% Other manufacturing 10,4% Other manufacturing

Other sectors Other sectors

Source: Regional Chamber of Commerce Kragujevac

Review of import / export per activities sector – 2009.

Other Other

Manufacture of rubber , plastic Manufacture of rubber , plastic products products 3.4% Manufacture of other non- 3.2%1.4% Manufacture of other non-metallic metallic minerals minerals 4.8% 11.4% 25.1% Manufacture of basic metals Manufacture of basic metals and 12.0% and fabricated metal products fabricated metal products Manufacture of machinery and 22.9% Manufacture of machinery and equipment 10.4% Manufacture of electrical , equipment Manufacture of electrical , optical optical equipment 3.7% 4.0% Manufacture of transport 14.7% equipment 3.6% equipment Manufacture of transport equipment Processing industries 7.7% 3.2% 13.4% Processing industries 11.2% Manufacture of food products, 17.7% beverages 12.5% Manufacture of food products, Manufacture of textiles , textile 13.8% beverages products Manufacture of textiles , textile products

Review of import / export per activities sector – 2011.

Other Other

Manufacture of rubber products Manufacture of rubber products

Production of other nonmetal 1.8%9.0% 4.6% 6.4% Production of other nonmetal 1.7%2.2% products 5.9% 8.4% products 27.0% Manufacture of basic metals and Manufacture of basic metals and 12.6% fabricated metal products 2.2% fabricated metal products Manufacture of machinery and Manufacture of machinery and equipment 9.1% equipment Manufacture of electrical , optical Manufacture of electrical , optical equipment equipment Manufacture of transport 15.3% 8.5% Manufacture of transport 7.2% equipment 40.5% equipment Processing industries 5.7% 8.1% Processing industries 9.2% Manufacture of food products, Manufacture of food products, 14.6% beverages Manufacture of textiles , textile beverages Manufacture of textiles , textile products products

Source: Regional Chamber of Commerce Kragujevac The structure of foreign trade Sumadije and Pomoravlje by sectors 2009. year, on the import side is dominated by sub-sectors of the manufacturing industry: the production of transport equipment (22.9%), manufacture of machinery and equipment not elsewhere specified (17.7%), and the third in the production of basic metals and fabricated metal products (11.2% ) Similarly, import and export structure is dominated by sub-sectors of the manufacturing industry: machinery and equipment with the highest share of (13.8%), followed by basic metals and fabricated metal products with the approximate percentage of (13.4%) and processed food (12%). When the foreign trade sector is seen in the context of most dominant sector in export-import activities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje in 2011, several key sectors impose. The mostly imports goes to the production of electrical and optical devices with (15.3%), followed by production of basic materials and metal products with (14.6%), transport equipment (12.6%) and machinery and equipment (9, 2%) On the other hand, Sumadija and Pomoravlje together, mostly exported in the field of of transport equipment, which makes it even (40.5%) of export activities. The second is the production of basic metals and fabricated metal products (9.1%), followed by machinery and iređaja (8.5%) and only the sixth in the production of food and drinks (6.5%). A small percentage of export activities (5.9%) are other processing industries.

Review per product groups

Review of import / export per product groups – 2009. Product group Import Export Boilers, machinery and equipment, etc. 103,789,707 26,509,878 Plastics and plastic products 44,570,456 22,015,653 Motor vehicles, parts and accessories 92,609,325 8,084,277 Electrical machinery and equipment, parts, etc.. 26,681,269 26,048,473 Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal 12,475,337 3,406,863 Miscellaneous chemical products 16,414,695 1,156,577 Products other tariff 178,509,667 135,584,745

Review of import / export per product groups – 2011 Product group Import Export Boilers, machinery and equipment, etc. 60,860,211 46,216,298 Plastics and plastic products 78,584,294 54,187,951 Motor vehicles, parts and accessories 62,869,382 133,413,260 Electrical machinery and equipment, parts, etc.. 90,829,143 190,369,231 Miscellaneous chemical products 17,915,843 2,343,947 Wood and articles of wood, wood charcoal 10,721,985 23,444,643 Products other tariff 245,169,592 260,016,293

Looking at foreign trade by groups of products, we get more accurate results of the orientation of Sumadija and Pomoravlje in their production activities and their meeting the foreign markets needs. On the other hand, the picture of the certain product groups demands is obtained in this way. In fact, in all three years observed, identical products groups are dominant that were the subject of foreign trade of the region. According to the given data for the 2009th, out of total imports of the two districts in machinery and equipment goes 21.8%. A significant proportion had a road vehicle accessories and parts 19.5%, while the products of plastics accounted 9.4% of total imports in the region. Boilers, machinery and related equipment during the 2009th years had the highest share in the total exports of the region - 11.9%. Product Group electrical machinery and equipment, with 11.7% of the total exports of the region, a group of plastic and plastic products - 9.9%. The most recent data, which are related to the 2011th year, Sumadia and Pomoravlje have the greatest need for imports of electrical machinery equipment 16% of total imports, or in absolute terms, 90,829,143 U.S. dollars. Second place in import activities takes plastic plastic products with 13.9% or 78,584,294 dollars. A significant proportion goes to production of road vehicles accessories and parts for the 11.1% of imports, while boilers machinery and equipment represent 10.7% of imports of region in the 2011th. These four product groups have the most dominant position in the overall import activities because together make 68.4% of total imports. Summary of total imports by product groups in two districts for 2008, is given in the following table.

Imports - most dominant products most dominant products 2011 Import Electrical machinery and equipment, parts, etc.. 90,829,143 Plastics and plastic products 78,584,294 Motor vehicles, parts and accessories 62,869,382 Boilers, machinery and equipment and the like. 60,860,211 Products of iron and steel 24,158,270 Iron and steel 19,690,447 Rubber rubber products and tires 18,786,202 Miscellaneous chemical products 17,915,843 Mineral fuels, oils and waxes, bituminous materials 17,285,139 Paper and paperboard, articles of paper 17,249,922 Aluminium and aluminum products 16,165,467

Izvor: Regionalna privredna komora Kragujevac Most are exported product groups which are aslo represented in import activities of Sumadia and Pomoravlje. These are primarily electrical machinery equipment, parts, etc., which represent the largest share of exports in the region, ie, 26.8%. This group follows production of road vehicles and accessories from 18.8%, plastics plastic products with 7.6% and boilers, machinery and appliances with 6.5%. Together, these four product groups represent 59.7% of the total value of imports, or 424,186,740 U.S. dollars. Summary of total imports by product groups in two districts for 2008, is given in the following table.

Export - most dominant products most dominant products u 2011 Export Electrical machinery and equipment, parts, etc.. 190,369,231 Motor vehicles, parts and accessories 133,413,260 Plastics and plastic products 54,187,951 Furniture, bedding 52,882,476 Boilers, machinery and equipment and the like. 46,216,298 Products of iron and steel 34,804,420 Wood and articles of wood ;charcoal 23,444,643 Arms and ammunition, parts and accessories 15,571,136 Beverages, spirits and vinegar 11,621,589 Edible fruit peel of citrus fruit or melons 11,302,898 Odeća i pribor osim pletenih 10,262,164 Source: Regional Chamber of Commerce Kragujevac

Business entities

Enterprises

Number of enterprises list Municipality Enterprise Aranđelovac 436 Batočina 62 Knić 71 Kragujevac 1472 Lapovo 37 Rača 58 Topola 126 Sumadija District 2262 Despotovac 145 Jagodina 755 Paraćin 649 Rekovac 48 Svilajnac 242 Ćuprija 389 Pomoravlje District 2228 Sumadija i Pomoravlje 4490 Source: Business Registers Agency According to the Agency for Business Registers, the total number of active enterprises in 2011th year in Sumadia and Pomoravlje was 4,490, of which 2,262 companies in Sumadiji 2,228 in the Pomoravlje. Observed by the municipalities, the largest number of active businesses in Sumadiji located in Kragujevac - 1472, while in the Pomoravlje largest number of active businesses in the municipality of Jagodina - 755 It is notable that there are a number of active businesses in the municipality of Paracin - 64

Trend of the number of companies According to data of the National Bank of Serbia, related to the years 2004-2011, changes in the number of companies are reflected in the following: 2004 – Number of active companies in Sumadija and Pomoravlje was 4.644, while in 2005 that number is much reduced - a total of 3.763 active enterprises. In 2006 new companies are started (2006 – 3885, 2007 – 4064 active companies). The trend of increasing the number of companies continues to in 2008 – 4919 active enterprises, which also represents the largest number of active companies viewed by year, starting from 2004.In 2009 was recorded 5247 active businesses which represents the largest number of companies active in years, starting since 2004. years, that this number in 2010 fell to a lower value than in 2008 and amounted to 4484 active businesses nearly the same number in 2011, which is 4490.

Number of companies

6000 5247 4919 5000 4644 4484 4490 4064 3763 3885 4000

3000

2000

1000

0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: National Bank of Serbia

Review of the number of enterprises by size - 2011 According to the Agency for Business Registers, and 0.9%2.2% by looking at the size as one of the parameters for the 16.0% comparative analysis of the region, the data show that most of the companies belonging to the sector of small businesses - even 80.9%, while medium and large enterprises comprise only 2.9% of the total number of companies (medium-sized companies - 2%, large enterprises 0.9%). 80.9%

Big Medium Small Unknown

Source: Agency for Business Registers

Review of the number of enterprises by sectors in 2010

Agriculture, hunting and forestry

3.6% Processing Industry 16.9%

25.4%

9.5% Construction

Trade, repair of motor 5.5% vehicle

39.1% Real estate, renting and business activities

Other sectors

Source: Agency for Business Registers Looking at the sectors in which the company belong Sumadija and Pomoravlje shows that the most common is sector of wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, and belonging to this sector is 41.8% of the companies. In addition to the sector, says the number of firms in the manufacturing sector (23.6%). Other sectors are less represented, a sector which belong smallest number of companies in Sumadiji and Pomoravlje is agriculture, hunting and forestry.

Entrepreneurs

Review of the number of sole trades 2010 Municipality Sole trades Aranđelovac 1530 Batočina 325 Knić 364 Kragujevac 5974 Lapovo 234 Rača 297 Topola 721 Sumadija District 9445 Despotovac 512 Jagodina 2122 Paraćin 1762 Rekovac 190 Svilajnac 651 Ćuprija 1000 Pomoravlje District 6237 Sumadija & Pomoravlje 15682 Source: Agency for Business Registers According to the Agency for Business Registers, In 2010. the total number of active entrepreneurs in Sumadiji Pomoravlje was 15,682. Looking at the districts especially in Sumadiji the total number of entrepreneurs amounted to 9.445, and 6.237 in Pomoravlje. In Sumadiji, the bigest number of active entrepreneurs is located in Kragujevac - 5974, and in the Pomoravlje the highest concentration has Jagodina - 2112. Beside Jagodine, a large number of active entrepreneurs is in Paracin, 1749, and also in Cuprija (1000).

Number of entrepreneurs trend According to National Bank of Serbia data, and regarding the number of entrepreneurs in Sumadija and Pomoravlje in the period 2004-2007., data indicate the following: in 16500 2004 total number of entrepreneurs was 16022 16000 14,549. In 2005 substantial increase of 15644 15682 sole trades is recorded even 16,022, and 15482 in 2006 that number decreased to 14,958 15500 (approximately the number of active 14952 15000 entrepreneurs in 2004). In 2007 re-increase 14549 of the number of entrepreneurs occurred in 14500 Sumadija and Pomoravlje to 15,644.The available data of the Agency for Business 14000 Registers indicate the re-reduction actions in 2008, when a total of 15,482 13500 entrepreneurs are recorded,the 2010th 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 recorded a slight increase in the number of entrepreneurs in 15,682 Source: National Bank of Serbia Review of the number of sole trades per sectors of activity Manufacturing (2724)

Construction (1298)

Wholesale and retail trade, repair (6009) 5,3% 7,8% 3,4% 17,6% 10,0% 8,4% Hotels and restaurants (1351)

Transport, storage and communications (15 44 ) Real estate activities, renting (1214) 8,7% 38,8% Other comm unity, social and personal services (815) Other sectors (406)

Source: Agency for Business Registers

If we observe the number of entrepreneurs per sectors of activity in 2008, most of them belonged to the following sectors: wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles (38.8%). The second largest sector in Sumadija and Pomoravlje is the sector of manufacturing industry with 17.6% of entrepreneur.

Survey of number of sole trades in processing industry sector Manuf. of food products, beverages and tobacco (600) Manuf. of textile yam s and textiles (326)

11,7% 22,0% Manuf. of paper, paper products and 8,2% printing (324) Manufacture of wood and products of w oo d (2 31 ) Manuf. of metals amd metal products 12,0% (4 08 ) 14,1% 8,6% Other m anufacturing (383) 15,0% 8,5% Manuf. of other non-m etallic m ineral p rod (2 23 ) Other sectors (319)

Source: Business Registers Agency

If manufacturing sector is observed most dominant activity is food production, with 22% of entrepreneurs in Sumadija and Pomoravlje. Production of metals and metal products is represented with 15% of all entrepreneurs in Sumadija and Pomoravlje, while the least number of entrepreneurs is engaged in manufacturing products of other non-metallic minerals (only 8.2%).

Small and Medium Enterprises and Entrepreneurship

Regarding small and medium enterprises that make up 95.3% of all registered companies in Sumadija and Pomoravlje, the most common sector companies belong to is the wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles (42.1%). Sector in which companies are also largely presented is manufacturing industry (23.3%), while the sector in which at least the companies are is transportation, storage and communications. It is important to point that small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs - SMEs sector as a generator of economic development largely influence the structure and number of employees. According to the plan of Integrative Plan of Socio-Economic Development of Sumadija and Pomoravlje 2005-2007, supported by the European Agency for Reconstruction in the RSEDP program, SMEs, along with entrepreneurs who carry out activities (Independent Craft Stores, the Independent Trade Stores and Independent Catering) employs about 30% of the total number of employees in Sumadija and Pomoravlje in 2005. By the end of 2008 a significant increase in the number of employees within the SME sector is recorded, reflected in the increase of almost 100% compared to 2005. and it is accordingly between 55 and 58% of all employees on the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje districts. This growing trend is the result of the privatization process, the constant increase of the number of entrepreneurs, and the availability of national programs for SME sector support. Out of that number micro enterprises employ about 50%. Analysis of the structure of employment, reveal continuous increase in the number of persons employed within the entrepreneurship sector - the number of persons who carry out activities individually, together with persons employed by them (this number is also constantly increasing). Over 70% of the total number of employed in the MSPP sector is concentrated in the following sectors: wholesale and retail trade, manufacturing and activities related to real estate. Continuous increase of the number of small and medium enterprises, as well as the trend of export activities increase is noticeable. This part of the economy is considered the most vital and most innovative, so that it represents a key segment of the intensive development support processes..

Review of the number of small and medium enterprises per activity sectors

Wholesale and retail trade, repair (2051)

Manufacturing (1134) 17,5% 42,1% 8,0% Real estate activities, renting (440)

9,0% Transport, storage and communications (39 0) 23,3% Other sectors (852)

Source: Business Registers Agency

Review of the number of small and medium enterprises in processing industry sector

Manuf. of food products, beverages and tobacco (235) Manuf. of metals and metal products (174) 39,7% 20,7%

Manuf. of paper, paper products and printing (101) Manuf. of other non-m etallic m ineral prod (8 7) 15,3% 7,7% 7,7% 8,9% Manufacture of wood and products of w oo d (8 7) Other sectors (450)

Source: Business Registers Agency

If processing industry sector is viewed as a separate sector then largest number of enterprises is engaged in the food processing (20.7%), as well as the production of metals and metal products (15.3%).

Foreign Investments in the Region

In the years that followed social changes implemented in 2000, there was capital inflow of foreign companies, which found their interest in co-operation with partners from the region. The national government and local authorities in the region realizing the importance of foreign investment, began to develop mechanisms to attract them. So the whole set of measures adopted at national level in the form of the adoption of appropriate laws, signing of the agreements with the European Union and the Russian Federation, joining the Free Trade Zone of Southeast and the adoption of other acts along with the development of new institutions that promote the market of the Republic of Serbia. On the other hand, local authorities, within the limits of their authority in conjunction with measures at the national level, tried to make extra efforts to attract foreign investors. Finally, beside already existing institutions, such as the Regional Chamber of Commerce Kragujevac University with 11 faculties and 2 institutes, more institutions are founded in the region aimed at regional activities promotion, such as: the Agency for Investment Promotion and Business Support in Central Serbia, the Regional Economic Development Agency Sumadija and Pomoravlje, a network of offices for local economic development. One of the major forms of territory promotion conducted by local governments is the industrial zones development on their territories. Regional Economic Development Agency of Sumadija and Pomoravlje was in 2007. and 2008., in partnership with all local governments in the region and the South Morava Region of the Czech Republic, conducted a survey and analysis of envisaged industrial zones on the territory of the region. Review of all locations in the municipalities is included in the following table. Municipality Location Area Ownership Metino brdo 40 ha Public Denino brdo 14 ha Public Kragujevac Skladiste 2 5 ha Public 11.5 ha Public Ekonomija ** 1.35 ha Joined Raca Kod servisa** 1 ha Joined Donji mlin ** 0.36 ha Joined Ribes ** 46 ha Private Knic Ravni gaj ** 30 ha Private Sever * 2.5 ha Joined Jug ** 3.8 ha Joined Batocina Zapad ** 10 ha Joined 17 ha Private/public Virovi 3 ha Private Crveno Brdo ** 43,87 ha Private Livnica ** 35 ha Private Topola Sumadija ** 30 ha Private 3 ha Public Kubrsnica ** 118 ha Private Arandjelovac Pestan ** 50 ha Private Zona 1 * 75 ha Private Zona 2 * 33 ha Private Lapovo Zona 3 200 ha Private Zona 4 800 ha Private Blok 20 26 ha Private Jagodina Blok 18 i 19 70 ha Public

Zona 1 90 ha Private Svilajnac Zona 2-Cair * 37 ha Public Zona 3 ** 16.5 ha Private Rekovac 1 ** 6.5 ha Private Rekovac Rekovac 2 ** 15.5 ha Private Tovliliste ** 278 ha Private Cuprija Skelino polje ** 6.5 ha Private Dobricevo 305 ha Private Jovacko polje 1 ** 41.5 ha Private Despotovac Jovacko polje 2 ** 36 ha Private Paracin Zmic 48,24ha Public

* Locations hired to investors ** Partially occupied locations by existing enterprises/buildings Source: Local self-governments . Over the past decade several international companies found an interest in investing in the region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje. The biggest foreign investments in the municipalities / cities of the region are listed in the table below: Investor Sector Municipality Metro cash&carry Trade Kragujevac Car Industry Kragujevac Holcim Construction Paracin Kronospan The furniture industry Lapovo Environmental protection Batocina, Lapovo, ASA Despotovac, Svilajnac Environmental protection Jagodina, Rekovac, Werner Weber Cuprija Source: Local self-governments

Associating

Associating is important element in the process of competitiveness and productivity improvement as well as the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). In Sumadija and Pomoravlje mainly active are general associations of entrepreneurs whose role is to coordinate activities aimed at creating the favorable conditions for the development of the SME sector. The objectives of the existence of these associations are: the development of business infrastructure, networking support, better access to markets, job creation, increased revenues. Next table will show active associations in municipalities / cities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje review

Municipality Association Total number General Association of Entrepreneurs Arandjelovac 1 Arandjelovac General Association of Entrepreneurs Batocina 1 "Jedinstvo", Batocina General Association of Entrepreneurs Knic 1 "Gruza, Knic Kragujevac Association of Entrepreneurs "Sumadija" 2 General Association of entrepreneurs Lapovo 1 "Sloga", Kragujevac General Association of Entrepreneurs Raca 1 Lapovo Topola General Association of Entrepreneurs Raca Sumadija District 7 Despotovac 1 General Association of Entrepreneurs Jagodina 1 Despotovac General association of entrepreneurs Paracin 3 Jagodina General Association of Entrepreneurs Rekovac Paracin The association of entrepreneurs, owners Svilajnac 1 and renters of real estate business improvement districts BID zone ''Promenade'' Cuprija Entrepreneurs Enterpreneurs Paracin'''' 1 Pomoravlje District 7 Sumadija & Pomoravlje 14 Source: Local self-governments  In Sumadija and Pomoravlje in 2008 there were 14 registered General Associations of Entrepreneurs. Of these, two municipalities in the region do not have registered associations (Rekovac and Topola). In another 11 municipalities with registered associations, there are municipalities Arandjelovac Batocina, Knic and Svilajnac with inactive associations. In remaining municipalities: Kragujevac, Lapovo, Raca, Despotovac, Jagodina, Paracin and Cuprija there is a total of 10 active associations. In addition, in Kragujevac, the Center for Women Entrepreneurs is in stage of foundation.  In recent years, starting with 2006 the Ministry of Economy and Regional Development -has started the implementation of long-term Cluster Development Programme, the implementation period 2006-2011. Cluster is a new form of company merging, and it is made of geographically concentrated, inter-related companies of similar or different activities, as well as of university staff, other institutions and organizations important to enhance competitiveness of individual companies-ands cluster as a whole.  Through the Ministry of Economy and Regional Development (2006-2011) two regional clusters are founded in Sumadija and Pomoravlje:  Floral producers cluster "Sumadija flower" – established in 2006.  Furniture producers cluster "Netwood"– established in 2007.

Agriculture

Region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje in the central part of Serbia in the area of a large number of local rivers in the basin of Great Morava as well as the Great Morava that flows largely through this region. Natural conditions are favorable for different agricultural systems. Alluvial plains in the valleys of rivers are suitable for development of field and vegetable crops, while the hillsides are suitable for vineyards and orchards. The land is mainly used for arable land, orchards and vineyards, but there are some fields, pastures and forest areas. Region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje is characterized with substantial proportion of agricultural production in the structure of economic activity. Income generated by agricultural production in the region in 2005 accounted for 24.3% in the regional structure of the total national income. Social farms and processing capacities that impacted and influenced manufacturers production were active on the territory of the region until the last decade of the twentieth century. Progress in the development of agricultural production could be significantly accelerated through diversification aimed at intensive production introduction, as well as, accumulative cultures growing such as fruit growing, vegetable growing, and growing new, high-quality, high-yielding varieties and hybrids adapted to the natural environmental conditions, then the introduction of intensive fodder conveyors and improvement of the breed composition of the cattle. To diversification of agricultural production was successful and gave positive results, it should be adapted to local peculiarities of agricultural systems.

Resources

Agriculture area – Sumadija and Pomoravlje – 2012. u ha Fields and Gardens Agric of which Meadow ultur Orcha Viney s and e rds ards total Industrial Vegetable Pastures area wheat Cattle fodde plants crops

204198 146048 105469 2933,74 1541,19 33788,97 13885 1989 38652 Izvor: Republički zavod za statistiku

1,0% 19,3%

6,9% Fields and gardens

Orchards

Vineyards

Meadows and pastures 72,8%

Agriculture area – Sumadija and Pomoravlje District – 2012. u ha

Agri Oranice i bašte cult Meadows od toga Orcha Viney ure and Vegeta rds ards are total Industri Cattle Pastures wheat ble a al plants fodde crops 11197 Sum 75165 53764,18 2216,12 647,32 17541,48 9971 772 23682 4 Pom 92224 70883 51705,58 717,62 893,87 16247,49 3914 1217 14970 Izvor: Republički zavod za statistiku Agriculture area 2012 – percentage share

90,0 76,9 80,0 67,1 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 21,1 16,2 20,0 8,9 10,0 4,2 0,7 1,3 0,0 Fields and gardens Orchards Vineyards Meadows and pastures

Sumadija district Pomoravlje district

Overview of the structure of agricultural land and Pomoravlje region we can conclude that the most dominant fields and gardens covering 72.8% of total agricultural land. This is particularly noteworthy area under cereals covered 51.6% of total agricultural land in the region. Representation of cereals in Pomoravlje district is slightly higher (56.1%) than in Sumadija district (48.0%), primarily due to benefits from the lowland regions for crop production. The overall structure of the agricultural land in the region orchards occupy 6.9% of the area, where their representation in Sumadija district due to low hillsides that are suitable for fruit production slightly higher than in Pomoravlje is 8.9%, while the percentage of in Pomoravlje district is 4.2%. Meadows and pastures are 19.3% of total agricultural land of Sumadija and Pomoravlje. Representation of pastures and meadows in Sumadiji is 21.1%, while the area of the Pomoravlje measure 16.2%. Very small percentage in the structure of agricultural land goes to vineyards, only 1% of the agriculture land of entire region. Below is a table and graphical structure of agricultural land in private ownership. Agriculture area – Individual farmers – Sumadija and Pomoravlje – 2012 u ha Fields and Gardens Agric Of which Meadow ultur Orchar Vineyar s and e ds ds Pasture total Industrial Vegetable land wheat Cattle fodder s plants crops

195392 145175,35 104759,7 2905,51 1525,53 33677,42 14670,25 1835,8 33710,59

Source: National Agency for Statistics 0,9% 17,3% 7,5% Fields and gardens

Orchards

Vineyards

Meadows and pastures 74,3%

Agriculture area – Individual farmers – Sumadija and Pomoravlje District – 2012. u ha Oranice i bašte Meadow Agricul od toga Orcha Viney s and ture Vegeta rds ards Pasture land total Industria Cattle wheat ble s l plants fodder crops Sum. 108653,7 okrug 74789,78 53452,48 2210,09 645,18 17487,23 10501,03 689,36 22673,57 4

Pom. okrug 86738,25 70385,57 51307,27 695,42 880,35 16190,19 4169,22 1146,44 11037,02

Izvor: Republički zavod za statistiku

Agriculture area – Individual farmers – percentage share – 2012.

90,0 81,1 80,0 68,8 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,9 20,0 9,7 12,7 4,8 10,0 0,6 1,3 0,0 Fields and gardens Orchards Vineyards Meadows and pastures

Sumadija district Pomoravlje district

Overview of the structure of agricultural land individual farmers in the region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje, we can conclude that the most dominant are fields and gardens, covering 74.3% of total agricultural land. Orchards occupy 7.5% of the area, where their representation in Sumadija district slightly larger than the Pomoravlje and amounts to 9.7%, while the percentage of in Pomoravlje district is 4.8%. Representation of pastures and meadows with individual farmers is almost equal in both of district and under the surface, a total of 17.3% of total agricultural land of Sumadija and Pomoravlje while the area under vineyards comprise a negligible 0.9% of agricultural land owned by individual farmers throughout the region .

Agriculture households Total number of registered households Municipality until 2005 until 2006 until 2007 until 2008 Until 2009 Until 2010 Until 2011 Aranđelovac 517 2225 2369 2584 3236 3175 3124 Batočina 52 411 663 910 946 966 963 Knić 197 2054 2180 2590 2918 2927 2843 Kragujevac 416 3131 3388 4704 6218 6325 6722 Rača 148 1241 1302 1680 2108 2111 2084 Topola 703 2663 2688 3220 3634 3594 3555 Lapovo 28 184 237 407 421 427 430 Sumadija 2061 11909 12827 16095 19481 19525 19408 Despotovac 101 695 744 978 1434 1462 1474 Paraćin 194 1456 1616 2153 3134 3157 3148 Rekovac 125 1665 1855 2344 2821 2820 2821 Jagodina 445 2421 2582 3369 4591 4597 4597 Svilajnac 91 826 883 1311 2024 2046 2049 Ćuprija 207 831 883 1174 1647 1672 1669 Pomoravlje 1163 7894 8563 11329 15651 15754 15810 Izvor: Uprava za trezor The process of farms registration began in 2004. year. Farmers initially accepted the registration with distrust and fear that they would be additionally taxed on the basis of data from the register. For this reason, after the first year of registration on the territory Sumadija and Pomoravlje only 3224 farms were registered (2.061 in Sumadija and 1.163 Pomoravlje). Over time, the registration is accepted as a process necessary achieve the improvement and investment in production, as well as the rights to grant funding and support of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, which led to a steady increase in the number of registered farms. Until 2006 the number of registered farms has increased manifold, so by this time in Sumadija and Pomoravlje District is registered a total of 19,803 farms (11.909 in Sumadija and 7.894 in Pomoravlje). The trend of increase in the number of registered farms continued in the next two years so in 2007. there was registered a total of 21390 (12.827 in Sumadija and 8.563 in Pomoravlje), and by 2008. was registred 27.424 farms (in Sumadija 16.095 and in Pomoravlje 11.329). During 2008 farms registration process continued, so by 2009 there was a total of 35,132 registered farms (in Sumadija 19,481 and in Pomoravlje 15,651)., so that until 2011th there were a total of 35218 registered agricultural holdings (Sumadiji 19408 15810 Pomoravlje). Considerable support of registered farms is provided by the Offices for Rural Development, which are formed in all municipalities and cities in Sumadija and Pomoravlje, of which 12 operate within the office of the Regional Rural Centre Kragujevac. Office began its work in 2008 within the Project of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management "Rural System Development Support" aimed to accelerate and even rural development in Serbia through development, engagement and capacity building of local communities and the provision of two- way flow of information between central and local levels. In this way access to information is provided especially of those important to rural areas related to rural development policies and agriculture, as well as information and demonstrations of best practice and successful initiatives that provide knowledge and incentives to for creativity promotion and utilization of existing resources for rural development at the local level.he network of regional offices stopped its work in mid-2011, since than works only RRC in Kragujevac.

Agricultural Population

In Sumadiji and Pomoravlje according to the last census in 2011 in rural areas live 220 206 inhabitants, which is 43.36% of the total population of the region. The ratio of urban to rural population 2011

Municipality Total Urban Rural Rural (%) Aranđelovac 46225 24797 21428 46.35 Batočina 11760 / 11760 100 Knić 14237 / 14237 100 Kragujevac 179417 150835 28582 15.94 Lapovo 7837 7143 694 8.85 Rača 11503 2603 8900 77.37 Topola 22329 4973 17356 77.73 Despotovac 23191 6232 16959 73.12 Jagodina 71852 37282 34570 48.11 Paraćin 54242 25104 29138 53.72 Rekovac 11055 / 11055 100 Svilajnac 23551 9198 14353 60.94 Ćuprija 30645 19471 11174 36.46 Sumadija i 507844 287638 220206 43.36 Pomoravlje Source: National Agency for Statistics

Agriculture production

Crop husbandry – Wheat and maize production

Wheat Maize

Total yield, tons Average yield, kg Total yield, tons Average yield, kg So So cia Soci cia Soci l Privat Priva Privat al l al Private ow e te e total own total ow own owners ne owner owne owner ershi ne ershi hip rs ship rship ship p rs p hi hip p 2000 95149 1873 93276 2438,5 2588,8 192543 159 192343 1233,0 2060,2 2001 141036 3308 137728 3441,6 3604,9 389490 779 388711 4529,4 4143,6 2002 135558 2671 132887 3123,5 3476,6 426562 751 425811 4366,6 4648,3 2003 83254 1871 81383 2442,1 2288,5 284915 400 284515 2816,5 3053,2 2004 162929 2994 159935 4319,5 4211,3 460941 1015 459926 4355,8 5167,6 2005 111907 1226 110681 2844,2 3145,1 446742 1364 445378 5108,5 4516,1 2006 93262 1210 92052 3260,7 3009,9 377300 1315 375985 4663,3 4260,2 2007 105879 824 105055 3335,2 3321,2 194701 155 194546 2214,3 2214,2 2008 124838 912 123926 4089,4 4073,4 355133 330 354803 4024,4 3908,8 2009 120813 809 120004 3907,7 3713,1 412649 485 412164 4898,9 4685,3 2010 99642 283 99359 3930,0 3350,7 442282 378 441904 6517,2 5052,2 2011 122923 211 122712 3403,5 3830,1 369072 276 368796 5632,6 4333,6 2012 131144 1146 129998 4213,0 3949,9 231457 176 231281 3911,1 2757,5 Source: National Agency for Statistics

wheat yield (in tons) 180000 162929 160000 141036 140000 135558 124838 122923 120000 105879 99642 131144 100000 111907 120813 80000 93262 60000 95149 83254 40000 20000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

maize yield (in tons)

600000

500000 460941 442282 426562 389490 377300 355133 400000 446742 412649 300000 369072 284915 200000 192543 231457 100000 194701

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Structure analysis of utilization of agricultural land annexed in the previous part of the text clearly shows the greatest representation of crop production (maize and wheat) with 51.6%. On the other hand, the data related to crop yields in Sumadiji and Pomoravlje are not in accord with the areas under these crops. The main reason for this is the lack of or inadequate use of agro-technical measures. It must be said that despite the fact that the average yield of crops in 2012 are low (wheat 4194 kg / ha in private ownership in Sumadija district , 3645 kg / ha in private ownership in Pomoravlje district , corn 2995 kg / ha in in Sumadija district ,2597 kg / ha in Pomoravlje district, also privately owned, they are significant and vary from year to year, primarily due to lack of use of agro- technical measures and inadequate planting hybrids

Wheat Maize Total yield, tons Average yield, kg ukupan prinos, tona prosečan prinos, kg So So Pri So So cia Priva cia vat cia cia Year District Privat Privat l te l e l l Tota e e ow own ow ow total ow ow l owner owner ne ershi ne ner ne ner ship ship rs p rs shi rs shi hip hip p hip p Sum. okr. 55453 268 55185 2653 2565 73194 - 73194 - 2018 2000 Pom. okr. 39696 1605 38091 2406 2624 119349 159 119149 1233 2087 2001 Sum. okr. 88124 432 87692 3630 3736 157343 6 157337 1000 4260 Pom. okr. 52912 2876 50036 3415 3396 232147 773 231374 4657 4068 Sum. okr. 82769 143 82626 3864 3505 175753 59 175694 3933 4788 2002 Pom. okr. 52789 2528 50261 3090 3431 250809 692 250117 4408 4555 Sum. okr. 49205 129 49076 2015 2262 113067 43 113024 2263 2989 2003 Pom. okr. 34049 1742 32307 2481 2330 171848 357 171491 2902 3097 Sum. okr. 99763 238 99525 4958 4369 202372 34 202338 3778 5624 2004 Pom. okr. 63166 2756 60410 4272 3975 258569 981 257588 4379 4858 Sum. okr. 67641 84 67557 4000 3178 191394 18 191376 3000 4402 2005 Pom. okr. 44266 1142 43124 2785 3095 255348 1346 254002 5157 4606 Sum. okr. 57567 107 57460 2488 3108 175273 14 175259 2333 4867 2006 Pom. okr. 35695 1103 34592 3362 2860 202027 1301 200726 4714 3842 Sum. okr. 67552 204 67348 3457 3526 86494 17 86477 1308 2427 2007 Pom. okr. 38327 620 37707 3297 3009 108207 138 108069 2421 2069 Sum. okr. 72832 180 72652 4285 4052 167532 70 167462 5000 4489 2008 Pom. okr. 52006 732 51274 4044 4104 187601 260 187341 3824 3504 Sum. okr. 69363 151 69212 4081 3639 179049 182 178867 4136 5024 2009 Pom. okr. 51450 658 50792 3870 3819 233600 303 233297 5509 4455 Sum. okr. 58719 57 58662 4384 3336 178565 108 178457 7200 4976 2010 Pom. okr. 40923 226 40697 3830 3372 263717 270 263447 6279 5105 Sum. okr. 70517 48 70469 3692 3831 148926 53 148873 4417 4311 2011 Pom. okr. 52406 163 52243 3327 3829 220146 223 219923 6027 4349 Sum. okr. 76726 70 76656 3889 4194 101321 20 101301 4000 2995 2012 Pom. okr. 54418 1076 53342 4236 3645 130136 156 129980 3900 2597 Source: National Agency for Statistics

Vegetable crops

Bean 1) Potatoe 1)

yield yield Total. In kg per ha Total. In kg per ha tones tones 2000 2513 450,7 38622 6598,1 2001 6354 1084,8 60730 10353,8 2002 6670 1264,8 65779 10966,8 2003 4604 945,8 42428 7540,1 2004 6128 1403,2 70146 12316,7 2005 5554 1375,8 67890 12352,8 2006 4524 450,7 65804 12260,7 2007 3803 881,6 50334 9594,9 2008 4320 1065,8 58715 11067,6 2009 3767 1195,9 60412 12022,0 2010 3673 1279,0 58964 12050,7 2011 2825 1124,6 56308 11060,4 2012 2737 881,7 39444 8002,2 Source: National Agency for Statistics

Bean yield ( tons) 10000

8000 6354 6670 6128 5554 6000 3803 3767 3673 2825 4000 2737 4604 4524 4320 2000 2513 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Potatoe yield (tons)

100000 70146 80000 65779 65804 60730 58715 58964 60000 67890 39444 60412 56308 40000 38622 42428 50334 20000

0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

The fertile alluvial plains in the valley of the Great Morava abounds with favorable conditions for development of vegetables crops that are not sufficiently used and this form of production takes place at only about 6.6% of agricultural land and often on smaller agricultural units. The most commonly grown species are traditional vegetables for this area, such as tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, onions, cabbage, carrots. Intensification of vegetable growing production in protected, controlled conditions, with application of fertirigation would contribute significantly to the growth of production in existing favorable natural environment. Another problem is the lack of storing and processing capacities in the region. Similarly, the production of wheat and maize crops production of beans and potatoes varies considerably from year to year. The average yield of beans in 2012 was 982.2 kg / ha, and the of potatoes 10248 kg / ha.

Bean and potatoes yield per districts

Bean 1) Potatoe 1)

Year District yield yield total, in kg per ha total, in kg per ha tones tones Sumadija District 1174 448 18845 5559 2000 Pomoravlje District 1339 453 19777 8028 Sumadija District 3851 1507 33338 9976 2001 Pomoravlje District 2503 758 27392 10854 Sumadija District 3531 1509 37539 10997 2002 Pomoravlje District 3139 1070 28240 10927 Sumadija District 2621 1070 24304 7718 2003 Pomoravlje District 1983 820 18124 7314 Sumadija District 3830 1821 45088 13873 2004 Pomoravlje District 2298 1015 25058 10248 Sumadija District 2788 1473 39231 12825 2005 Pomoravlje District 2766 1290 28659 11760 Sumadija District 2510 1343 38018 12736 2006 Pomoravlje District 2014 1019 27786 11665 Sumadija District 1563 905 28719 9782 2007 Pomoravlje District 2240 866 21615 9357 Sumadija District 2026 1252 36422 11969 2008 Pomoravlje District 2294 942 22293 9855 Sumadija District 1889 1285 33131 11849 2009 Pomoravlje District 1878 1118 27281 12239 Sumadija District 1879 1389 34326 12242 2010 Pomoravlje District 1794 1181 24638 11794 Sumadija District 1480 1157 34333 11483 2011 Pomoravlje District 1345 1091 21975 10459 Sumadija District 1012 758 21992 7620 2012 Pomoravlje District 1725 975 17452 8542 Source: National Agency for Statistics Fruit growing

Apples Plums Year number of yield in number of number of fertile trees tones fertile trees fertile trees 2000 748170 9575 5873362 32426 2001 768390 7912 6047532 56384 2002 768639 6885 5991746 21395 2003 779255 12472 5961855 102049 2004 789301 9593 6256686 101287 2005 749715 7775 6301288 48707 2006 764751 10324 6219272 71943 2007 785459 12381 6189709 115464 2008 788022 14037 6229161 111009 2009 786659 17529 6230999 120035 2010 775796 8088 6166965 49587 2011 782989 10860 6175742 98543 2012 755368 7817 6154662 76835 Source: National Agency for Statistics

Apple yield (tons) 20000 17529 18000 16000 14037 12381 14000 12472 10860 12000 10324 9575 9593 10000 7817 6885 8000 6000 8088 7912 4000 7775 2000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Plum yield (tons) 160000 140000 115464 120035 120000 102049 101287 98543 100000 71943 111009 80000 56384 60000 76835 40000 48707 49587 20000 32426 21395 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Orchards cover 6.9% of total agricultural land in Sumadija and Pomoravlje, while their representation is slightly higher in Sumadija district (8.9%) than in Pomoravlje district (4.2%). Fruit is grown by farmers mainly in the holdings of the average area of 3 to 5 ha, which are often further divided into a number of separate parcels. However, the characteristics of Sumadija and Pomoravlje is that there are villages that are specialized in the production of fruit and where there are households that produce fruit for market and are in the possession of more than 10 ha land lots, especially in the villages of Topola municipality (village of Vinca, Trnava). From fruit cultures most dominant are: apple, peach and plum. In hilly areas of Sumadija, on the territory of the city of Kragujevac, and municipality Topola the highest production of plums is achieved; these are areas with long tradition of growing this fruit. Pomoravlje is also recognizable for plum predominant growing on hills and on the territory of the municipalities of Jagodina and Rekovac. Leading municipalities in Pomoravlje in apples growing are Jagodina and Svilajnac and Topola and Kragujevac in Sumadija. It is evident that the number of apple trees in the observed municipalities is slightly increasing due to growing of the new, intensive plants. Although this region is very suitable for fruit production in recent years apparent stagnation in the fruit production is visible. One of the reasons for that the problem is insecure product placement due to lack of the cold storage and fruits processing capacities. On the other hand, even existing market of the primary plant material does not meet the high demands of modern, intensive fruit production. The improvement of fruit production requires a renewal of the plants with new, modern assortment, and intensification of the application of agricultural measures. Possible direction of diversification and fruit growing development is investing in the production of berry fruits (strawberries, raspberries and blackberries) in the new modern plants and protected areas in order to take advantage of early production and high value on the market. Due to insufficient coverage or deficit, manufacturers are increasingly interested in moving in the direction of growing fruits, such as hazelnut, walnut, blackberry, strawberry, blueberry ...

Apples and plums yield per districts Apples Plums Year Year Trees no. yield in tones Trees no. yield in tones

Sumadija District 362648 4413 3805385 20351 2000 Pomoravlje District 385522 5162 2067977 12075 Sumadija District 375242 3886 3988349 40066 2001 Pomoravlje District 393148 4026 2059183 16318 Sumadija District 373800 3748 3910454 12009 2002 Pomoravlje District 394839 3137 2081292 9386 Sumadija District 385569 6742 3914291 73631 2003 Pomoravlje District 393686 5730 2047564 28418 Sumadija District 392814 5342 3994820 79748 2004 Pomoravlje District 396487 4251 2261866 21539 Sumadija District 384953 4283 3985509 36080 2005 Pomoravlje District 364762 3492 2315779 12627 Sumadija District 398587 6290 4040590 51941 2006 Pomoravlje District 366164 4034 2178682 20002 Sumadija District 417367 6136 4018150 82512 2007 Pomoravlje District 368092 6245 2171559 32952 Sumadija District 414255 7383 4025310 72166 2008 Pomoravlje District 373767 6654 2203851 38843 Sumadija District 414935 9052 4001460 81769 2009 Pomoravlje District 371724 8477 2229539 38266 Sumadija District 422405 4413 3946520 30093 2010 Pomoravlje District 353391 3675 2220445 19494 Sumadija District 434516 5731 3944860 63882 2011 Pomoravlje District 348473 5129 2230882 34661 Sumadija District 405049 3912 3972790 50283 2012 Pomoravlje District 350319 3905 2181872 26552 Source: National Agency for Statistics Grape growing Vineyard production on the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje in the past was important factor in agricultural production. Growing grapes and wine production in these areas are related primarily to municipalities of Topola and Rekovac due to natural conditions for this production and for the tradition that these two municipalities have in the production of grapes and wine. The trend of continuous decline in the number of grapevines clearly points to a deep crisis in this sector of agricultural production, caused by reduced possibility of grapes placement, due to production fall and the crisis of the processing facilities. Favorable conditions and traditions in vine production in the municipalities of Topola and Arandjelovac, must not be neglected and it is possible to support development of grapes and vine production through work of the Association of Fruit and vine growers.

Cattle-breeding

Goveda Svinje Ovce

Of which: of which: of which: poultry, year cows sheep total total sows and total total and in- for pigs calf breeding heifers 2000 88893 63009 297380 75927 155991 119936 1615531 2001 87034 60818 329275 77218 158512 120611 1631320 2002 85648 59173 326792 76822 162951 119955 1576120 2003 83696 61115 268063 58418 192210 127636 1678970 2004 79454 60853 237357 52137 190545 144268 1747189 2005 86497 61610 237337 56114 215845 152078 1870130 2006 79725 53296 277184 45432 217593 165472 1791175 2007 78979 52927 278325 44050 219939 172533 1789566 2008 ≈74000 / ≈255000 / ≈205000 / ≈2210000 2011 2012 69777 36076 239478 30766 195049 / 2531556 Source: National Agency for Statistic

Cattle Pigs Sheep Of which Poultry, Year District : cows of which: of which: total total and in- total sows and total sheep for calf pigs breeding heifers Sumadija district 4907 7 34618 138686 35124 100224 75269 849933 2000 Pomoravlje district 3981 6 28391 158694 40803 55767 44667 765598 Sumadija district 4850 9 34458 148710 36143 102192 75295 773685 2001 Pomoravlje district 3852 5 26360 180565 41075 56320 45316 857635 Sumadija district 4786 8 33194 147171 34974 105618 76173 726146 2002 Pomoravlje district 3778 0 25979 179621 41848 57333 43782 849974 Sumadija district 4949 0 36534 116900 26605 126665 82552 618206 2003 Pomoravlje district 3420 6 24581 151163 31813 65545 45084 1060764 Sumadija district 4677 8 36699 106495 25167 123180 91811 616483 2004 Pomoravlje district 3267 6 24154 130862 26970 67365 52457 1130706 Sumadija district 4866 37000 93570 26692 137020 98157 646669 7 2005 Pomoravlje district 3783 24610 143767 29422 78825 53921 1223461 0 Sumadija district 4629 1 32729 116216 20566 153334 122332 547457 2006 Pomoravlje district 3343 4 20567 160968 24866 64259 43140 1243718 2007 Sumadija district 4605 33696 101985 17483 152888 123293 477535 9 Pomoravlje district 3292 0 19231 176340 26567 67051 49240 1312031 2008 Sumadija district / / / / / / / 2011 Pomoravlje district / / / / / / / Sumadija district 4252 23084 15981 / 2 123365 131721 865116 2012 Pomoravlje district 2725 12992 14785 / 116113 63328 1666440 5 Source: National Agency for Statistics

Overview of number of cattle Overview of number of pigs

120000 400000 297380 326792 100000 88893 85648 350000 79454 79725 237357 277184 74000 300000 255000 80000 329275 250000 87034 83696 86497 78979 278325 60000 200000 69777 268063 237337 239478 150000 40000 100000 20000 50000 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008- 2012 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008- 2012 2011 2011

Overview of number of sheep Overview of number of poultry

250000 217593 205000 3500000 190545 200000 3000000 2531556 155991 162951 219939 2500000 2210000 215845 150000 192210 1747189 1791175 195049 2000000 1615531 1576120 158512 100000 1500000 1631320 1678970 1870130 1789566 1000000 50000 500000 0 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008- 2012 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008- 2012 2011 2011

It can be said that the cattle breeding in recent years, in the territory of of Sumadija and Pomoravlje is in a significant drop. This applies particularly to the breeding of cattle, sheep and pigs. On the other hand, the market demand caused the sudden expansion of poultry breeding in the period while the Breeding of pigs, cattle sheep stagnant primarily due to low purchase price. In cattle breeding the total number of heads in municipalitie of Kragujevac is (14.11 throat), and the municipalities Knić (10585 animals). The municipality Knić, as an indicator of intensity and development of cattle, expressed a very high number of cattle per 100 ha of cultivated land and is 44 The biggest problem which should be solved in the future is to improve the racial composition of cattle by importing high-quality cattle. Raising high breed cattle demands improvement and adaptation of existing accommodation facilities for livestock, production mechanization, improving the quality of fodder and veterinary and civil service. State of keeping capacities for livestock in the region is such that there is a surplus of facilities that are in need of reconstruction, equipping and modernization in line with existing standards and requirements in force in the European Union. Growing pigs is concentrated on the territory Pomoravlje primarily due to the high production of maize wich is primary cultures of pigs diet. The largest number of pigs was recorded in the municipality of Paracin (37374 animals) and Jagodina (24928 animals). Municipalities Paracin and Svilajnac lead by the throat on 100 ha of cultivated land (Paracin - 130 Svilajnac - 135), which indicates the high intensity of this production. Support to pig breeding two municipalities realized through the work of the two associations in Paracin and Svilajnac. The most intensive sheep farming is carried out in the municipality of Kragujevac (38765 animals) and municipalities Arandelovac (28158 animals) and Topola (23167 animals), where they are the largest sheep farms. Great interest among the farmers is to improve the racial composition of sheep and investing in production use of incentives and credits. Traditionally, poultry production is concentrated in the district of Pomoravlje primarily in the all the municipalities of Jagodina and Paracin where there are major poultry farms (chickens and turkeys) and processing capacities ( Juhor in Jagodina). Of the other major livestock centers with a long tradition, which puts great effort in the development of husbandry are municipality Batocina and municipality Lapovo where is located the largest farm of Simmental cows "Kuc company'' with 625 livestock.

Associations of agricultural producers

Review of associations Municipality Association Association of breeders of Simmental cattle ''Sumadija'', . Association of vegetables and nursery plants ''Osaonica'', . Association of Fruit ''Plavo zlato'', Gornje Jarušice. Association of fruit ''Sumadija voće'' Čumić Sheep Breeders Association ''Wirtenberg Sumadija'' Association for the promotion of agriculture and rural development ''Agrobiznis centar'', Kutlovo Association of Fruit ''Sumadija'', Association of Pig Breeders ''Sumadija'', Desimirovac Association of beef cattle breeders ''Baby beef'', Desimirovac Kragujevac Union for organic farming ''Eko plus'' Association ''Seljak'', Cvetojevac Association ''Lumbri hit'', Cvetojevac Association Sitovo- Beekeepers Association Srebrnica The beekeeping society Kragujevac Cluster "Sumadijski cvet" Association of vegetables ''Povrtar'' Association of Fruit "Kap po kap" - Masloševo Association of Fruit “Voće – Čumić” Association of Agricultural Producers Lapovo Lapovo Beekeepers Association "Lapovo" Knić Association of farmers of the municipality Knić ''Zlatna dolina'' Association of broiler breeders and breeding cattle Aranđelovac The beekeeping society Aranđelovac Association of Fruit and Wine Farmers Association Batočina Batočina Beekeepers Association Batočina Association of farmers, vegetable growers and herders ''Sumadijska polja'' Sipić Association of Fruit and Wine ''Vožd'' Cluster of fruit- Rača Rača Bbeekeepers Association "Matica" Cluster of grains - Rača Cluster “Cvetna Sumadija” Cluster of flower growers - Rača Cattlemen's Beef Association -Topola Agricultural cooperative ''Agrokooperativa Domaćin'' Topola Agricultural cooperative ''Rajko Tanasijevic'', Association of Winegrowers and Winemakers ''Oplenac'' Association of organic production ''Bio - Top'' Beekeepers Association „Oplenac“ Topola Association ''Sumadija voće'' Donja Trnava Association ''Trnava - Voće'' Farmers' Association ''Voćar'', Gornja Trnava Association of Fruit ''Plaskovac'',Plaskovac Sheep Breeders Association ''Oplenac – Virtenberg'', The Center for Agricultural Development and marketing of agricultural products - AGROBIZNIS CENTAR Jagodina beekeepers Association “Pomoravlje” Association of Pig Breeders ''Krežbinac'', Krežbinac Sheep Breeders Association ''Pomoravlje'',Gornje Vidovo Vegetable Association ''Strižanka'', Striža Vegetable Association ''Vrapčane'', Paraćin Vegetable Association ''Zeleni list'', Striža Beekeepers Association ''Grza'', Paraćin Vegetable Association ''Povrtar'', Striža Farmers' Association ''Poljoprivredni proizvođač'', Čepure Association ''Proizvođači povrća Donje Vidovo'', Donje Vidovo Cattle Growers Association ''Petrus'', Paraćin Paraćin Vegetable Association and cattle breeders ''Moravac'', Gornje Vidovo Association of Citizens ''Farmer'', Donja Mutnica Association of Growers of herbs ''Neven'', Paraćin Association of Citizens ''Sloga '',Ratare Association of Farmers ''Poljoprivrednik - Savac'' Vegetable Association ''Vredni ljudi'', Gornje Vidovo Vegetable Association ''Kvalitet'', Donje Vidovo Vegetable Association and cattle breeders ''Sloga'', Sikirica Association of Farmers ''Napredak'', Drenovac Association of Farmers „Agro-stočar Lebina“ Svilajnac Association of breeders of Simmental cattle Agricultural associations meat breeds of sheep Texel breed, Sedlare Association Eko -selo Association of Farmers "Domaćin" Agricultural association "Texel", Association “Centar za organsku proizvodnju” The beekeeping society "Resava" Fruit - winegrowing association Dimitrije Katić Association „Euroagrar” Association of Farmers ''Gornja Resava'' Despotovac Association of Fruit and Wine „Plava šljiva“ Despotovac beekeepers Association „Nektar“ Association of breeders of sheep and goats „Beljanica“ Association of Fruit and Wine ''Levačko zlato'', Oparić Association of breeders of sheep and goats ''Juhor'', Belušića Association of Fruit ''Levač'',Rekovac Rekovac Association of breeders of sheep and goats ''Zlatno runo'' Belušić Association of breeders of Simmental cattle Pomoravlje district ''Levčanka'', Belušić Beekeepers Association ''Levač'', Belušić Association of Farmers ''Eko-voćar'', Dragovo Ćuprija Vegetable Association ''Zrno'', Ostrikovac Source: Local self-governments

Association of agricultural producers is very significant in terms of improving agricultural production with an end objective to increase productivity and overall improve living and working conditions in the countryside, a joint market access and greater economic benefits of members of the association. On the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje there is a total of 70 associations and agricultural cooperatives of the most which are in the municipality of Paracin (20), Topola (12), Kragujevac (19) and Svilajnac (9).

Processing Capacities

Farmers themselves often do primary processing of the basic products of their production (slaughtering animals on the farm, the production of local foods, cheese, brandy, etc.).. Thus, the resulting products find their way to market in a variety of ways: selling to friends, neighbors, relatives, green markets, sales to resellers, sales to small retail stores, restaurants, fast food stores, sales to processing companies. This mode of production and sales is difficult to quantify, but it gives a significant contribution to national food consumption and is a very frequent form of sales. These products often do not meet EU hygiene standards, but have a significant share in the country's food supply. Therefore, the processing industry needs to be directed to implementation of EU standards. Significant buying up and processing capacities in the sector of regional processing industry: – Companies for production and meat processing – Enterprises for dairy products production – Enterprises for wine production and other alcoholic beverages – Enterprises for fruit and vegetables production – Cold storage and processing enterprises, and preservation of fruits and vegetables

Enterprises for meat production and processing There is a restructuring tendency in meat processing sector of large social systems. This sector has the surplus of capacities that partly results from the insufficient livestock (especially regarding the decrease of the tendency of raising cattle and pigs) and on the other side there is a lack of certified slaughterhouses that can export their products to the EU market. In Sumadiji and Pomoravlje there are 42 objects and meat processing plants in which over one year can be process about 25,000 tons of beef and pork, and 20,000 tons of poultry meat. There are also significant storage capacity, which can accommodate over 3,000 tons of various products. Most important are poultry slaughterhouse Agroziv and meat industry Juhor (Delta Agrar Group member), both in Jagodina. Developmental trends in the meat processing sector include modernization and harmonization of production technologies with international standards. Accordingly this opens the possibility of meat and products export as well as getting significant credits for the improvement of livestock production.

Enterprises for dairy products This sector is strong support for cattle-breeding development (especially cattle) in the region because it deals wit organized milk buying off. In Sumadija and Pomoravlje there are 14 companies for dairy products production: 6 in Jagodina, 4 in Kragujevac, and one in Paracin, Cuprija, Raca and Knic. The milk processing sector is characterized with an increase of private sector, which contributes to competition increase and thus to improving the quality of dairy product supply. But it can be noted that the production capacity surpassed raw material base which further sharp competition Processing capacity in the area of the region can process annually about 70 million liters of raw milk, which is also the estimated annual production. According to official statistics, dairy plants in region annual purchase a little more than 45 million gallons. The rest of the estimated is purchased by dairy plants production outside the region (Imlek, Sabac dairy, dairy Borders and others).

Enterprises for juices, wine production and other alcoholic beverages The most important products Sumadija and Pomoravlje in this area are spirits, wine and beer. The most famous production centers are located in Kragujevac (a private company, "Flores" with its traditional products in this region brandy "Zuta Osa" and "Bela Osa", "Miloduh with brandy" Lincura"), in Topola (Oplenac vineyards where the process of vineyards renewal started, grape producers associating and restoration of high quality wines production of "Winery Aleksandrovic" and PIK "Oplenac ") and in Jagodina (Jagodina brewery is one with the longest tradition in Serbia and is in the process of privatization). Other important wineries, "Levac" and "Vineks" in the municipality Rekovac, as well as NAVIP "Jagodinski podrumi" in Jagodina that except plants for the grape and wine production also have significant collection planting of the exquisite sorts of grape vines. In addition there are 6 more listed companies for the production of alcoholic distilled beverages in Kragujevac, Paracin and Knic. Refreshing soft drinks and fruit juices Market is dominated by large national manufacturers, so that this kind of production is not represented to the extent that natural resources provide for. On the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje there are 10 companies for the production of juices from fruits and vegetables, mostly small and private.

Cold storage and processing enterprises, and preservation of fruits and vegetables As one of the biggest problems in fruit and vegetable growing as reported by producers is product placement. The priority in solving the problem is to establish a network of cold storage, warehouses for fruit and vegetables, and processing plants. Agricultural producers can no longer rely on large enterprises that are in transition or expect that the state will buy all their products. They alone or joined in association, using credit support or resources install mini-cold storage, or cold storage on their farms. Modest number of active cooperative makes efforts to enable existing and adapt facilities for the function of fruit and vegetables storing and preserving. In Sumadija and Pomoravlje there are 30 registered companies for fruits and vegetables processing and preservation 8 in Paracin, 6 in Jagodina, 3 in Arandjelovac and Kragujevac, 2 each in Topola, Svilajnac, Despotovac and Rekovac and 1 in Cuprija and Knic. It is important to point out the sold storage "Milenic" and ULO cold storage of the cooperative "Agrokooperativa” in Topola and "Inos" and "Natural" in Paracin. The purchase of fruits and industrial plants is important confectionery industry and important place belongs to the factory "" in Cuprija, and "Paracinka" as well as to the new plant "Pionir" in Paracin.

Regional agriculture development problems

Agriculture of Serbia and Sumadija and Pomoravlje is faced with many problems that are among other things, result of limitations created in the conditions of economic environment hardships and agricultural policy led after War II up to disintegration of Yugoslavia, hardships in the past fifteen years, and those related to adapting to market economy. Agriculture is burdened with the consequences of central planned economies especially in the segment of ownership and land use. As one of the major problems identifies in agricultural production and agriculture development in general is land fragmentation (up to 3ha per household), which greatly affect the extensiveness of production. Despite the enlargement of land tenure, implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, there was no progress in this segment. The reason for this is seen primarily in the demographic structure of rural settlements and unresolved ownership-legal relations. At one side there is no significant interest of agricultural households for enlargement of their land because they are mainly elderly households, on the other hand, where there is interest there is a problem of ownership. The solution to this problem is seen in the new regulations of the Republic of Serbia that will enable land trade despite the fact that legal relations are not completely defined. Another problem related to the use of land is increasing transformation of agricultural land (and even first class) into the constructing land. Urban plans are made without prior consultation with agronomists, so that very often the best fields are transformed into constructing land. In order to overcome this problem it is necessary to include experts from the field of agriculture in the process of urban planning. Agricultural production in the villages of Sumadija and Pomoravlje is of random type, but in some villages beginning of diversification of agricultural production is observed in accordance with territorial characteristics. The reason that this diversification is not present on a larger scale is primarily a lack of agricultural development strategy of Sumadija and Pomoravlje which should include Pedology features of the area as well as defined chain values if the villages predisposed to the same type of production. Level of technical equipment of the rural households is quite low. The average age of machinery is 15-20 years, and over. Confirmation of this are villages of the City of Kragujevac, where in 46 villages only 10 tractors are bought in the period 2002 to 2005. The only purchased 10 new tractors. One of the causes of this problem is very difficult access of rural households to financial institutions in terms of credit for the procurement of new machinery. Possible solution to this problem is foundation of the developmental guarantee fund for agriculture. Level of measures implementation in agricultural production depends on three basic prerequisites: 1) Interest of farmers to follow modern achievements in this area, 2) Financial ability of producers to apply these measures, 3)Capacity of institutions to monitor implementation of agro-technical measures. First prerequisite can be fulfilled with continual education of farmers and their familiarization with the trends in agricultural measures implementation. Second condition is quite complex and requires commitment of both local and national level. Number of farmers have evident tendency to use modern agro-technical measures that is illustrated by relatively frequent number of setting records in this area. However, the capacity of institutions responsible for this area is not on the sufficient level to cover application of measures in agricultural production. It is therefore necessary to work on capacity development of these institutions, particularly the advisory. From the aspect of specialization of the production then it is obvious that the Association of l Farmers and installing of processing capacities have a key role, and that would enable exchange of experiences and raising the level of primary agriculture products processing and further it would be a stimulus to manufacturers to decide on specialization. The main weakness identified to limit rural and agriculture development in the region: – Unfavorable age structure of the rural population – Lack of work habits, particularly young people in rural areas – Low level of professional people in the countryside – Lack of quality ideas – The level of knowledge of agricultural producers – Poor infrastructure – Poor health care – Poor public transport (a bad connection and an insufficient number of departures) – There are cultural and entertainment institutions – Abandoned rural property – Poor living standards in rural areas – Fragmentation properties – Disorganization of the Polish road network – Organization of social farms – Lack of secure placement – Unregulated markets - marketing of agricultural products – Lack of processing facilities near the village – Low capacity utilization – Failure to comply with the deadline for delivery, quality and price – Poor quality control – Lack of quality packaging (domestic production) – Export of raw materials (domestic production) – Export of raw materials – Lack of capital – Lack of investment capital – Low level of organization and association of farmers – Age of machinery – Obsolete technology – Excessive and incompetent (excessive) use of pesticides – Lost racial characteristics and destroyed livestock – The politicization of professional services – Bad work on selecting and keeping cattle records – Poor functioning of the licensing Threats to village and agriculture development in the region i.e. trends that lead to competitiveness decrease: – Disconcert of the state for agriculture – Excessive imports – Ownership of land – Imports of products of lower quality than domestic – Terms of lending and credit policy - unstable financial markets – Unregulated markets seedlings and seeds of goods – Low and unstable prices of agricultural products – Low purchasing power of consumers – Emigratory population movement – Lack of interest from young people for agriculture – Lack of motivation to work – Low level of environmental awareness – Unresolved questions dump – Bad attitude towards cultural and historical heritage – Genetically modified seeds and food

Competitive advantages of agriculture of the region and regional development orientation Factors of competitive advantages of agriculture of Sumadija and Pomoravlje: – Favorable weather conditions - relief – Soil quality – The volume of water – The existence of the Institute for Small Grains and Veterinary Institute – Professional staff – Existing associations – Agribusiness Centers – Raw material base – Pastures – Medicinal herbs and mushrooms – The tradition of agricultural production - experience – The tradition of local food production – Accommodation facilities for cattle – The quality of hybrid varieties and production materials – Merging of productive land Possible development direction: – Establishment of cooperatives - manufacturers association – Restructuring of agricultural cooperatives – Establishment of agribusiness centers – Support the work of professional services – Education manufacturers – Diversification in accordance with endogenous characteristics level – Production of Berry and Fruit deficit – Production of fruits and vegetables in a protected area – Production of healthy food – Animation of the diaspora for the distribution of local food – Development of Beekeeping – Hunting and fishing industry – Permeation of agriculture and tourism – Finalization of production – Privatization – Modernization of existing processing facilities – Brand - dairy products (e.g. cheese), meat and meat products, dried fruit, wine, grapes, honey and beekeeping products, plums, brandy – Implementation of technology and processing methods on the model of successful manufacturers Due to the existence of favorable natural conditions in the region, long tradition and experience, adaptability of farmers, agriculture in the period of economic crisis and transition represented a pillar for economic development. For further agriculture development it is necessary to have a policy that may affect the increase of productivity through restructuring and investment, including clear property rights and establishment of an efficient land market, credit and inputs, as well as developed institutional framework for support to agriculture at the national, regional and local levels. The future of agricultural production is reflected in fewer farmers, larger farms, production that is more specialized and focused on market demand. Inevitably the problem of retraining and employment of people from agriculture and their guidance in dealing with other activities.

Tourism and Culture

Tourism and cultural heritage

Numerous cultural and historical monuments, monasteries, spas, mountains, natural and tourist attractions, provides for a rich tourist offer for all types of holidays in the region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje. Apart from the tourist offer this part of Serbia is a kind of cultural treasure - part of the world where various civilizations intersect. This region is known for its comprehensive creators, filled with artistic visions arising from the spiritual heritage of the and the neighboring Christian peoples. With its topographic features, as well as rich cultural and historical past, this region could be a significant tourist and cultural destination for both domestic and foreign visitors. The development of tourism with natural and climatic characteristics provides good conditions, but the tourism in this area is under-developed because of the unexploited potentials.

Tourist Organizations

All municipalities in the Region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje have tourist organizations as follows: Municipality Tourist organizations Arandjelovac Tourist organization of the Municipality of Arandjelovac Batocina Culture Centre ''Dositej Obradovic'' Knic Tourist organization of the Municipality of Knic Kragujevac Tourist organization of the City of Kragujevac Lapovo Tourist organization of the Municipality of Lapovo Raca Tourist organization of the Municipality of Raca Topola Tourist organization ‘’Oplenac'' Public Company Resava cave Despotovac Tourist organization of the Municipality of Despotovac Jagodina Tourist organizations of the City of Jagodina Paracin Culture Centre Paracin Rekovac Tourist organization of the Municipality of Rekovac Svilajnac Tourist organization of the Municipality of Svilajnac Cuprija Department for Agriculture and Tourism in the Municipality of Cuprija Source: Local self-governments

Tourist Sites

On the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje there is a large number of tourist sites that provide opportunities for daily and longer trips both for local and foreign guests. In addition to natural beauty, there are significant tourist sites that provide opportunities for getting to know the history, culture and old and new traditions of our people from Bukovic spa, Garas Lake and cave Risovaca in the vicinity of Arandjelovac, Resava cave and numerous other caves, as well as hydro-complex Lisine and Despotovac spa near Despotovac, and modern tourist attraction such as the zoo and aqua park as well as Djurdjevo brdo in Jagodina, the first public aquarium on the territory of Serbia in Kragujevac, picnic Grza Petrus and the medieval town of Petrusa near Paracin, Gruza lake and Borac karst and Orasac near Arandjelovac, considered the cradle of the modern Serbian state, and the King's wine cellars and vineyards Oplenac in Topola, Stevan Sindjelic's home in Svilajnac and many other attractive places in Sumadija and Pomoravlje.

Institutions and cultural venues

The City of Kragujevac is recognizable for institutions and objects of culture such as: National Museum, Memorial Park "21 October", Knjazevsko Srpski Theater in Kragujevac and the Museum of Old Foundry. National Museum in Kragujevac is cultural institutions belonging to the category of the official museum complex. Activity of these institutions is carried out in the city of Kragujevac and municipalities Batocina, Lapovo, Raca and Knic, and is presented in the collection, study, professional and scientific treatment, protection and presentation of cultural forms. Memorial Park "21 October" covers area of 352 hectares, there are 30 mounds, 10 of which are turned in monuments. Most striking work in the Memorial Park is a monumental building of the Museum, "October 21". The overall architectural concept of the museum stresses the symbolism of the October tragedy. Knjazevsko Srpski Theatre in Kragujevac – First theatrical performances are mentioned in Kragujevac in 1825. They are prepared by teacher Djordje Evgenijevic and performed with students. At the invitation of Prince Milos in the fall of 1834 came Joakim Vujic to Kragujevac, he was a person of great theater experience and extensive knowledge of theatrical repertoire. He was appointed director of the theater with a mission to organize the work of theater. Joakim Vujic former theater no longer bears a name of its director, but is now called Knjazevsko Srpski Theater. Museum of Old Foundry in Kragujevac is one of the symbols of the economic development of Kragujevac, which started with the dislocation of the Foundry from Belgrade to Kragujevac in 1851. Museum is housed in a circle of Zastava in authentic foundry building from the eighties of the 19th century and is one of the few surviving examples of industrial architecture of the time. Museum setting museum focuses on the beginnings and development of industrial production in Serbia. Arandjelovac – Museum of Orasac is opened in 2004 to mark the 200th anniversary of . The historical exhibition shows life and occasions in the Serbian state before the uprising, at the beginning of the uprising, and meeting in Orasac, Karadjordje Petrovic, a great battles in the uprising, the organization of the army, government and during the uprising. National Museum Arandjelovac - Museum is located on the site of the old Bukovic school in the vicinity of the church and Memorial Fountain (1927.), where the rebels of the First Serbian Uprising made oath before Archbishop Atanasije Bukovicki.It is founded in 1982 as a museum of the revolution and socialism development. Holders of cultural life in the municipality of Batocina are: Cultural Center "Dositej Obradovic" and the National library "Vuk Karadzic". Cultural activities on the territory of Batocina are mainly organized by Cultural Center "Dositej Obradovic". There are also cultural – artistic societies in all settlements of the municipality with the premises for cultural organization of public events and cultural events. National Library "Vuk Karadzic" has important role in the cultural map of the Municipality of Batocina. Cultural institution of the Municipality of Knic – The existing institutional cultural activities are organized in Knic in four basic forms: houses of culture and youth hostels, cultural clubs, library and cinema. In addition to the largest home culture that is in the center of Knic, the municipality has 15 more "cultural homes" in the villages that belong to the municipality. These properties are used specifically for the maintenance of cultural and entertainment programs throughout the year. In Knic municipality there are three cultural-artistic societies with good reputation in the municipality and outside it, and even beyond the borders of our country. Companies in the municipality: "Gruza", "Steva Knicanin" and "Baranka”. Culture on the territory of Raca is supported by Cultural centre "Radoje Domanovic''. Cultural Center was built in 1950 and is located near the city hall at the entrance of a public park. The Cultural Center also hosts society "Radoje Domanovic" within which Raca amateur theater performs at three scenes: children, youth and great. The Cultural Centre is the organizer of several events that take place throughout the year: "Karadjordjevi Dani", "Raca poetical meetings," Art Colony "Visevac" and summer camp "Women's Creative Workshop". Every year the Municipality of Raca organizes District exhibition for the reciters "poets among my people." Cultural Center is planning to merge its programs with the programs of tourist activities at municipal level, which would lead to more efficient work and intensifying of the activities of both. Svilajnac – Holders of culture in Svilajnac are the Center of Culture, cinema, city amateur theater, Company "Sindjelic" and Resava library. Resava library is the oldest institution in the field of culture in Svilajnac. It is founded in 1868 as a reading room "Youth of Resava". Under its auspices e first provincial newspaper in Serbia "Resavski postonosa" are printed. Resava library has now a fund of about 48,000 books and about 6.000 units of Native materials. Recognizable monument of culture in Despotovac is museum of coal mining. Senj mines are located in the cave at territory of Despotovac Municipality and have the status of cultural monument of great importance since 1983. year. It has exhibition area of about 2.000 m² and the steam engine, the only one of its kind in Europe, which is still in operation. In the vicinity there is also the undermine Alexander – one of the first pits in the nineteenth century. Apart from the Museum of coal mining other cultural activities in municipality of are organized by Cultural Centre "Sveti Stefan Serbian Despot", established in 1994, National Library "Resavska Skola" began its work in 1966 and has a fund of over 50.000 books. Museum of Naive Art is the first museum of naive art in Serbia, founded in 1960 in Jagodina as Gallery of naive artists. This Museum has a collection of 2.500 paintings, sculptures, drawings and graphics. Wax museum is located within the tourist-sports-entertainment complex Potok Djurdjevo Brdo. First of its kind in Serbia, and sixth in Europe. At present there are 29 items, from history, church, politics, science, sports and is real primer of history. Heritage Museum in Jagodina has a fund of over 150.000 items from the 5.000th BC up-to-date and has great cultural and national values. Center of Culture is a main cultural institution in the Municipality of Cuprija that is under this name since 2004 but as a company that organizes cultural events there since 1946 and continuously works under different names. Apart from this institution there is a library that is of great importance for the culture of the municipalities i.e. public library "Dusan Matic" founded in 1961, as well as museum "Horeum Margi", founded in 1954 and renewed in 1994 with large exhibits that show the rich history of the city from the period of Antique and on. "Heritage Museum" in Paracin – As an institution for the protection of movable cultural heritage was established in 1978. According to the accepted concept of the museum there are four departments: archaeological, historical, ethnographic and art history department. The exhibition material represents life of people in this area that runs continuously from the prehistoric era 7000th BC, Antique through the Medieval Ages, and national creativity of the 19th and 20th century. Open-air museum "Kalenic in Rekovac supports and promotes the tradition of Levac, folk architecture, crafts and deals with the development of various forms of tourism (monastic, rural and recreational). King Peter I Foundation in Topola – As a part of the Foundation there are: the church of St. George, King Peter's house, Villa of King Alexander I Karadjordjevic, Queen Marija Villa, Hotel Karadjordje ("Oplenac"), as well as the complex of swimming pools and tennis courts. Thus, in this forest land grew Church of St. George, Peter's house, wine-growers houses, villas, King's cellars and vineyards. Church St. George was founded by King Peter on the basis of the best traditions of the Serbian-Byzantine architecture, and the painting, done in mosaic presents anthology of the most beautiful achievements of the Serbian medieval art. The complex foundation of the Dynasty Karadjordjevic, there is also a villa of King Alexander I Karadjordjevic. Railway Museum in Lapovo - At the entrance to the central street of the municipality there is a tourist attraction - the steam locomotive with one carriage. The carriage hosts exhibition of paintings and sculptures of the members of the local art clubs and artists from all over Serbia.

Cultural – Historical Heritage

Cultural and historical heritage of the region of Sumadija and Pomoravlje makes a great number of monuments of cultural and historical significance. Monuments testify to the rich, diverse history of this area and Serbia from the medieval principality to modern history, from the monastery Ravanica with the Church of St. Ascension and buildings girded with solid defensive walls with seven towers located at the foot of the mountain Kucaj in the village of Senje near Cuprija to numerous cultural and historical monuments that bear witness to the events of the First and Second World War in the municipality of Lapovo for example. Kragujevac has a rich heritage from the time of the Obrenovics, such as the building of the old church from 1818, with the founder of Prince Milos Obrenovic, that was the first seat of the church, cathedral and palace church in liberated Serbia, an Old Assembly Building from 1859, in which the state issued a very important decision during the nineteenth century, Amidza's residence, the only preserved building from Milos court complex of the time. There is a rich cultural heritage at Oplenac, Topola from the time of Kradjordjevic, such as the church St. George that Peter Karadjordjevic started to build in 1903, Karadjordje's city is erected in the period 1811-1813 by Karadjordje Petrovic leader of the First Serbian Uprising, that as the first ruler of renewed Serbia brought economic and cultural development of Topola and the environment. Numerous monasteries, testimony of the rich spiritual and cultural life are erected on the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje. Some of them are: the Monastery (Resava), located at the end of picturesque Manasija gorge between the hill Pastorak and Macija, near the river Resava 2km from Despotovac, the most important monument in Resava and one of the most important medieval monasteries. Monastery is a foundation of Despot Stefan Lazarevic erected in the early fifteenth century (1406-1418); Kalenic monastery is situated on the slopes of Gledic Mountains, west of the village Oparica in Levac, built and decorated with frescoes in the early 15th century and one of the most beautiful architectural monuments of the Morava architecture and Byzantine architecture; Voljavca Monastery on the northern slopes of , near Stragari, is built in the early 15th century and first session of the Soviets Praviteljstvujuci in 1805 was held there; Miljko's monastery from the age of Despot Stefan is under state protection from 1969; Kamenac monastery at the end of the village Cestina in Gruza, at Knic the endowment of Despot Stefan Lazarevic, Monastery of Draca, which is located about ten kilometers west from Kragujevac, in the valley of Draca river, on the slopes of Mount Rujevica is an important cultural monument of the area. The earliest record of this monastery is in Vrdnicka inscription from the end of the 16th century and is mentioned in the Turkish census. Besides these, there are many other monasteries also important mark of Sumadija and Pomoravlje.

Cultural – Tourist Events

There are many cultural and tourist events On the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje. In all municipalities of this region various events are organized throughout the year. Table with a summary of events in municipalities:

Municipality Cultural –Tourist Events Time St. George's Day Children's Festival Beginning of May International Theatre Festival, Joakim Fest Beginning of May International Jazz Festival Beginning of May Bike show and Fica show End of August Kragujevac Second week in Sumadija Agriculture Fair September Beekeeping Exhibition First week in September Regional exhibition "Golden grain" Last week in July Review of Art Marble and Sounds From July International Folklore Festival Sumadija Opanak End of July Arandjelovac "Meetings of Villages" January –February "Sumadijski Opanak" July 26 Beekeeper's Fair May Oplenac vintage and Serbian folk creativity Second week in Topola October Literature lectures Matic's days September Vidovdan days in Ravanica End of June Batocina Folk creativity, St. Procopius July 21 Folk creativity, St. Prophet Elijah - Brzan August 2 Folk creativity, St. Ana - Zirovnica August 9 International art colony Gruza Fall Beginning of Knic September Lapovo National events Wedding of Prince Marko First half of March Raca Cultural events Karadjordje days Beginning of July Lectures Matic Days September Vidovdan days in Ravanica End of June Crevarijada March 7 Cuprija Race "1000 peasants - Bigrenica First week of September "The most beautiful cake" October Svilajnac Cultural events Sindjelic's days End of May Crkvenica wine tasting Mid of February Resava International Agricultural Fair September 12 – 13 Sisevac Art Colony-end of August August 19 ''Days of Wine''- Tresnjevica February Paracin "Dzigeranijada'' May ''Juhorsko oko'' August Theater Festival "Days of Comedy" March 20 – 27 International meetings of kick boxers July 7 "Meetings of the village" City Jagodina Jagodina March 3 – April 1 Review of popular creativity of children of the City April Jagodina Ethnic International Fair July 12 – 13 Days of Serbian spiritual transfiguration August 19 – 28 Despotovac Amateur theatrical celebration of May Second half of May Folk creativity in Plazani May Folk creativity "pass Levac, pass Sumadija" Beginning of August Assembly of painters and poets Jankovic's days - Art Beginning of Colony Kalenic September Rekovac Review of people's creativity and children Sumadija and End of April Pomoravlje "Golden hands of Levac " To be defined Source: Tourist Organizations and Regional Rural Centre Kragujevac

Restaurant and Hotels

On the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje there is a large number of restaurants and hotels. Most of the hotels and restaurants are located in the city of Kragujevac, their number is significantly smaller in other municipalities. Categorization of the hotel is given in the table below accordingly most four-star hotels are in Kragujevac.

Categori Categori Restaurant with overnights/ Municipality Hotel Restaurant zation zation Motel / Guesthouse Kragujevac Sumarice **** Lovac Merkur / M *** Dvoriste Košuta / M Kragujevac **** Palas "Vila 118" Stari grad ** Pevac "Wind Mill" Ženeva ** Prestonica "Vila Amazon" Royal ** Balkan "Aleksandra" Ženeva Lux **** Mustang "Dedinje" Garni hotel Krčma "Albergo Desenzano Dell „Presid Garda" * * * * ** ent de luxe“ Garni hotel "Vila Viva" ** Konoba „Tri O“ Garni hotel Oranica Lazare ** Woodland vić Garni hotel Paligorić Radovi ** ć Hotel Kruna Anđelik *** a Garni hotel **** Lađa Francuska „Lama“ Sumadija Aleksanadar *** Konačište “Zlatni kotlić” Izvor ***** Vidikovac ** Vila "" Garni hotel ** Grb Etno selo “Brestovi i vizija” Kruna Aranđelovac "Rujna *** Lovački raj „Karađorđev vajat” Zora" Park Restoran sa prenoćištem Major

Sumadijski dvori Kačara Stara varoš Staro vino Baikal Stari Kapetanovi Topola Oplenac vinogradi ** Jezero Vožd ** Etno restoran Knić Eurogaj Borač Lovački dom Lipov cvet Hotel Rača Nema Vidovdan Sumadija kategorij Vožd u Lapovo Tri fenjera Kapija Sumadije Hotel Ravno ** Motel Auto put Ćuprija Brod hotel Splav „Bela La luna lađa” Grand Strelac Svilajnac Topoljar ** Moravska noć San Marko Restoran Trajko MS „Ko to tamo Mihajlović peva“ Krežbinac Etno dvorac akva Beslać Profesional ** Paraćin Petrus Milošev Konak Koliba Potočara Vila Modex CODEX Tito Bokačo Hotel Alfa *** Potok Garni hotel Restoran sa prenoćoštem ** Lesandro „Wing Club” Romansa Jagodina Jagodina ** Kruna Belički kej Stara čaršija Sumadija plus Hill hotel **** Fontana Despotovac Lisine Resava TLS Company „Kruna“, Fontana plus „Đula“ Panorama „Vodopad“ Lisinski raj „Žubor vrela“ „Resavski uranak“ Rekovac Solun Source: Tourist Organizations

Accommodation Capacities

Accommodation facilities are insufficient and inadequate for serious development of tourism in Sumadija and Pomoravlje. There are 26 hotels and motels with a total of 2.607 beds, lower and middle categorization. When analyzing the number of visitors it should be noted that the information listed in the table and charts are related to the visits of tourists who have made overnight in one of the major tourist destinations. However, the number of one-day visit of tourists is much higher, for example, a complex of King Peter I Karadjordjevic in Topola visits per year between 120.000 and 150.000 visitors. This points to the need of creating a single register of tourist visits at the level of Sumadija and Pomoravlje, so as to monitor parallel overnight stays in accommodation facilities and number of visits to a significant tourist attractions

Achieved Visits

Tourist visits to the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje in the last twelve years are shown in the following table. On the basis of it can be seen that the number of tourists each year varied and decreased as the number of domestic and number of foreign tourists. The minimum number of domestic tourists was recorded in the 2004th year 34,043, and most in the 2000th 56,850 . The number of foreign tourists was significantly lower in all the years under review in compared to the number of domestic tourists. Most foreign tourists is recorded in the 2012th 31 072 y, and least in 2000 only 4,412. Number of tourist overnight stays in 2012th was 215 137, while the minimum was recorded in the 2004th 103 274 years. With the number of overnight stays we can see a big difference between the rates of domestic and foreign tourists! Number of overnight stays of domestic tourists was the highest in 2011, 120295, while the lowest in 2010. numbered 82 681. Foreign tourists accounted much smaller number of days in the studied perid, so minimum overnight stays was in 2001. year 8308, the highest in the 2012th -103 640 . An overview of visits between 2000 -2012 in the region Sumadije and Pomoravlje

Tourists Overnights Year total domestic foreign total domestic foreign 2000 61262 56850 4412 204858 192245 12613 2001 62443 57742 4701 192896 184588 8308 2002 58277 52285 5992 194095 177796 16299 2003 52343 46743 5600 168757 157431 11326 2004 42703 34043 8660 103274 90470 12804 2005 54447 42255 12192 122795 100916 21879 2006 52343 46743 5600 168757 157431 11326 2007 62108 42126 19982 149463 114267 35196 2008 58415 40991 17424 150253 115495 34758 2009 57105 37623 19482 132898 92944 39954 2010 52180 35869 16311 115451 82681 32770 2011 73089 49341 23748 183635 120295 63340 2012 82957 51885 31072 215137 111497 103640

Source: National Agency for Statistics

Overview of the visits of domestic and foreign tourists in the period 2000 -2012 in the region of Sumadij and Pomoravlje

80000

56850 57742 60000 52285 51885 46743 46743 49341 42255 42126 40991 34043 37623 35869 40000 31072 23748 19982 17424 19482 16311 20000 12192 4412 4701 5992 5600 8660 5600 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Domestic Foreign

The following table provides information about the accommodation facilities in the municipalities Sumadije and Pomoravlje for the 2013th. Most accommodation facilities are in the municipality of Arandelovac, while municipalities Batočina and Rekovac do not have them. Most accommodation facilities after the municipality Arandelovac are in Kragujevac and Jagodina, while other municipalities have a smaller capacities.

Municipality Accommodation Capacity Kragujevac 836 Aranđelovac 1029 Topola 223 Batočina - Knić 170 Lapovo - Rača 74 Ćuprija 70 Svilajnac 121 Paraćin 316 Jagodina 495 Despotovac 297 Rekovac - Source: Tourist organizations

Tourism Types

With its topographic features, as well as rich cultural and historical past, this area could be a significant tourist destination for both domestic and foreign visitors. The development of tourism in the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje, primacy has had spa tourism. Besides the spa, natural and climatic characteristics of Sumadija and Pomoravlje provide good conditions for the development of sport and recreation and hunting tourism.

Spa Tourism The beginning of tourism development in the Sumadija and Pomoravlje is associated with development of spa tourism in the area of Despotovac spa from the time of the Romans. Today, spa tourism in Sumadija and Pomoravlje is recognized primarily in Bukovic Spa at Arandjelovac, which is practically the only defined tourist place in Sumadija and Pomoravlje. Indicated areas in which this spa is recognized for soothing effects for metabolic problems and digestive tract, which is treated by using mineral water, clay and helio-therapy. In addition Bukovic spa for the development of spa tourism can be significant and the ones already mentioned Despotovac spa, as well as other yet unexplored sites of mineral and thermal waters at the site of Stragari near Kragujevac.

Sport and recreation tourism Conditions for the development of sport and recreation tourism in Sumadija and Pomoravlje exist, but they are under-utilized. In addition to climatic characteristics and the presence of lakes, especially Gruza lake, and sports complex in Kragujevac, Jagodina and Arandjelovac, conducive to the performance of athletes preparing for competitions, hiking and extreme sports. There are also, organized hunting grounds, on the territory of almost all municipalities, as well as the river flows and lakes that exist on the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje, there are large capacities for intensive development of hunting and fishing tourism. Present wildlife: wild boar, buck, rabbits, pheasants, partridges and of Polish fish carp, pike, catfish, bony fish, common bleak and perch.

Rural tourism Sumadija and Pomoravlje district have favorable conditions for village tourism development. Development of rural tourism supports revitalization of traditional and indigenous values, while the whole range of activities, services and additional content is included in organization of rural population at family farms to attract tourists and create additional revenues, respecting the principles of sustainable development and conservation of natural resources. In all villages of Sumadija and Pomoravlje apart from very beautiful scenery and authentic traditional rural households there is a range of anthropogenic and natural motifs of substantial tourist values. The advantages are also preserved architecture and organization of traditional economies, customs, traditional cuisine, hospitality and cordiality of the hosts. This type of tourism that can be one of the directions of development and diversification of agricultural production in the villages is most developed in the municipalities Knic and Topola while significant trend in the development of rural tourism in recent years is notable in Rekovac, Kragujevac, Jagodina and Arandjelovac municipalities. In these municipalities there is a total of 49 categorized households out of which the most in Knic (14), Topola (12) and Kragujevac (10), while the number is smaller in municipalities Jagodina (6), Arandjelovac (5), Despotovac (3 domestic and 1 cottage) and Rekovac (2). As part of tourist offer in the area of rural tourism a significant place can have hunting. Hilly areas covered with forests and meadows are the ideal ground for breeding and hunting wild animals. Rabbit is the most common game and is present in all parts of the region. In the plains there are, in addition to rabbits, other hunting animals: field partridge, quail, dove, pheasant and roe venison, while in hilly areas most hunted are wild pigs. The richness of this area attracts a large number of foreign hunters mostly from Italy and Switzerland. The problem of the lack of accommodation for the families of these hunters resulted in a small number of nights and a very modest financial benefit. An integral part of rural tourism are traditional crafts that except of keeping the identity of rural areas can bring significant income to rural population. Special role in the preservation of traditional crafts may have associations of women and currently 9 such associations are active on the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje; most significant is the association of women "Ethno form" from Jagodina, Ethno Association "Golden Hands" Batocina, Association of Women "Ravno" from Cuprija and "Moravske sarenice" from Lapovo. In order to improve existing facilities and programs as well as the development of the new it is necessary to support all segments: software development, tourism, infrastructure, storage capacity (equipment, reconstruction...), marketing and advertising, education.

Cultural- Historical Heritage as Tourism Potential Sumadija and Pomoravlje primarily due to its geographical position was the scene of many historic events, with the legacy that is a significant cultural and historical treasure today. Practically in Sumadija and Pomoravlje it is possible to follow the development of human civilization in this region from human habitation in Paleolithic, Risovaca cave in the vicinity of Arandjelovac, Resava cave at Despotovac, Idmium Roman settlement (territory of present-day village Medvedja), also in the vicinity of Despotovac medieval monasteries Manasija, Kalenic, Ravanica, Josanica and others, Karadjordje's city in Topola form the time of the First Serbian Uprising of the early nineteenth century to memorial park "21 October" in Kragujevac, naive Museum in Jagodina and others.

Education

Preschool education

The region Sumadije and Pomoravlje there are 222 institutions. Total number of children who are placed in these facilities is 11037, of which 3192 are free of charge . Pre-school education institutions have insufficient capacities to meet all needs of the population at the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje. That is the reason that there are long waits to enroll children in the said institutions, that creates space and opportunity to opening of private kindergartens.

Institutions for pre-school children 2011/2012

According to the length Institution Children who children Up to 6 9 and s-total 6-9 hours stay for free hours more Aranđelovac 16 1038 327 6 705 335 Batočina 9 265 117 0 148 108 Knić 9 174 118 56 0 104 Kragujevac 47 4255 1051 0 3204 1341 Rača 9 246 156 90 0 90 Topola 17 354 168 186 0 182 Lapovo 1 199 55 104 40 26 Despotovac 18 334 144 39 151 26 Jagodina 32 1905 318 755 832 350 Paraćin 30 1027 435 0 592 481 Rekovac 10 147 88 59 0 2 Svilajnac 15 441 154 287 0 126 Ćuprija 9 652 156 0 496 21 Sumadija i 222 11037 3287 1582 6168 3192 Pomoravlje Source: National Agency for Statistics

Primary education

In municipalities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje there is registered total number of 84 elementary schools. This number refers to the elementary school as a separate legal entity. Due to the fact that large number of these schools has units at different locations in Sumadija and Pomoravlje it can be said that the number of primary schools in the region 329 The largest number of primary schools including a branches in the region Sumadije and Pomoravlje in the are in Kragujevac - 64, then Jagodina - 44 and Despotovac - 28 Broj osnovnih škola po opštinama Sumadije i Pomoravlja dat je u sledećoj tabeli:

Number of primary schools in the municipalities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje is given in the following table: Finished school Total schools Total classes Total students 2011/2012 Aranđelovac 22 173 3793 499 Batočina 10 36 977 120 Knić 26 40 1052 173 Kragujevac 64 564 13661 1740 Lapovo 3 29 621 91 Rača 16 32 806 112 Topola 24 56 1692 233 Sumadija 165 930 22602 2968 Despotovac 28 65 1643 245 Jagodina 44 251 5830 762 Paraćin 33 194 4347 605 Rekovac 22 35 692 97 Svilajnac 21 73 1894 254 Ćuprija 16 104 2226 297 Pomoravlje 164 722 16632 2260 Ukupno 329 1652 39234 5228 Educational Inspectorate of the Republic of Serbia for Sumadija and Pomoravlje - administrative district in Kragujevac This review of the number of schools does no include schools for elementary music education. There are 5 such schools in the following municipalities/cities: Arandjelovac, Kragujevac, Jagodina, Paracin and Cuprija. Also, in addition to these schools, there are 4 elementary schools for children with special needs: two in Kragujevac, and two in Jagodina.

Secondary Education

Number of secondary schools as separate legal entities in Sumadija and Pomoravlje is 31 This number should be added to branch unit of the Kragujevac Medical School in Smederevo, the municipality which does not belong to Sumadija-Pomoravlje region. The total number of secondary schools in Sumadija - and Pomoravlje is given in the following table:

number of secondary schools students in the municipalities / cities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje in 2011/12.

Finished school Total schools Total classes Total students 2011/2012 Aranđelovac 3 69 1857 563 Batočina 1 12 278 83 Knić 1 7 184 51 Kragujevac 9 314 8130 2277 Lapovo 1 7 160 43 Rača 1 15 342 82 Topola 1 27 637 179 Sumadija 17 451 11588 3278 Despotovac 1 20 493 94 Jagodina 5 117 3132 865 Paraćin 4 90 2236 564 Rekovac 1 15 266 80 Svilajnac 2 45 1084 285 Ćuprija 4 52 1275 323 Pomoravlje 17 339 8486 2211 Ukupno 34 790 20074 5489 Source: National Agency for Statistics

The number of grammar schools in the municipalities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje is 8, of that number 2 are external units. Municipalities with grammar schools: Kragujevac (two), Arandjelovac Batocina, Topola, Jagodina, Paracin and Cuprija. Grammar Schools in Batocina and Topola are external units of First Grammar School Kragujevac i.e. Arandjelovac. In addition to these schools in some of the remaining municipalities, there are schools that are registered as secondary vocational schools that offer educational profiles of grammar schools. Such schools are in Raca, Svilajnac, Topola and Batocina. It should be noted that the grammar schools in Batocina and Topola are "stationed" in these schools and are in the process of separation and or closing from First Grammar School Kragujevac and Arandjelovac in municipalities of Batocina and Topola.

Higher and University Education

As for higher education in the territory of the region Sumadija and Pomoravlje there are three higher, post secondary, schools approved by the Republic Ministry of Education to carry out educational activities. Two of the three colleges are from the group of higher technical schools, and one higher medical school. These colleges are: – Technical College mechanical engineering and transport engineering, Kragujevac – High Technology School for Nonmetals, Arandjelovac – College Medical School, Bridge The founder of these schools is the Republic of Serbia.

University of Kragujevac

University of Kragujevac is an independent institution founded by the Republic of Serbia. The University is on May the 21st, 1976 but first university education institutions began working in 1960, as a department of Belgrade University. The roots of the University of Kragujevac and higher education in Serbia date back to 1838, when in Kragujevac, the capital city of renewed Serbia in that time, was the first educational, cultural and economic centre which institutions were founded in 1841. In Kragujevac there was the first higher education institution – Lyceum of the Principality of Serbia which is, later on, dislocated to Belgrade and transformed in the . Developing conception adopted of the University is a model of decentralized University developed on the principle of decentralization, according to the needs of the economy and social activities of Sumadija and Pomoravlje. Today at the University of Kragujevac there rare 12 faculties: :  Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in Kragujevac  Faculty of Economics in Kragujevac  School of Law in Kragujevac  Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics in Kragujevac  Technical Faculty in Cacak  Medical Faculty in Kragujevac  Faculty of Agronomy in Cacak  Mechanical Engineering in  Faculty of Education in Jagodina  Teachers' Training Faculty in Uzice  Faculty of Philology and Arts in Kragujevac  Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnjačka banja.

Besides, the University of Kragujevac includes: University Computer Centre, the Centre for Scientific Researches of SANU and University of Kragujevac, Centre for Interdisciplinary and Multidisciplinary Studies and Research and the Center for career development and students' counseling.

Overview of the number of teachers, staff and students of the University of Kragujevac, during the academic year 2012/2013

College Universities and Academies of Art Students Students school Graduates Graduates On a Skole On a s Total Total budget budget Aranđelovac 1 223 146 46 - - - - Kragujevac 1 763 392 272 6 11247 6283 1382 Sumadija 2 986 538 318 6 11247 6283 1382 Jagodina - - - - 1 885 461 482 Ćuprija 1 971 299 275 - - - - Pomoravlje 1 971 299 275 1 885 461 482 Ukupno 3 1957 837 593 7 12032 6744 1864 Source: National Agency for Statistics

Number of Number of Number of students teaching staff associates Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kraljevo 23 14 586 Faculty of Economics 76 3 3590 Faculty of Science s and Mathematics Kragujevac 74 89 1269 Faculty of Law Kragujevac 42 11 2350 Faculty of Medicine Kragujevac 151 72 2500 Faculty of Philology and Arts Kragujevac 77 78 1768 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kragujevac 64 33 541 Faculty of Agronomy, Cacak 31 15 506 Technical Faculty, Cacak 44 32 1072 Faculty of Hotel Management and Tourism in Vrnjačka banja 20 5 750 Teachers' Training School, Uzice 33 13 603 Faculty of Pedagogy Jagodina 33 22 1035 Source: University in Kragujevc At the University of Kragujevac in the academic year 2012 / 2013th studies more than 16,000 students, with a total of 1055 employees with 668 teachers and 387 co-workers

Educational-Scientific and Educational-Artistic activities

Study programms are implemented according to the Statute of the University of Kragujevac, from 2006 within one or several departments i.e. educational - scientific and educational - artistic fields: – Science and Mathematical Sciences – Social and Humanities – Medical Sciences – Technical-technological sciences – Art Following institutions provide support to the University of Kragujevac: University Library, Student Center - Kragujevac and Student Cultural Center.

Non-formal Education

Non-formal education means acquiring knowledge and skills that are outside of the formal education system and are implemented in the areas of personal and social development, promotion of civil liberties, interpersonal and inter-ethnic relations, active social participation, care and support to disadvantaged, disabled and vulnerable groups, environmental, for the protection and promotion of health, parenting and caring for family, personal identity development, training for work, and so on. Non-formal education offers a multitude of educational programs, which can be classified into two broad categories – educational programs (for the acquisition of different knowledge and skills) – programs related to education (learning attitudes and positive life values). In the system of formal and informal adult education in the territory of Sumadija and Pomoravlje currently, there is active about 30 institutions and organizations (formal and informal), and registered about 200 developed training program.

Distribution of institutions and organizations for non-formal education in the Region Municipality Public / social Private Total Kragujevac 10 8 18 Jagodina 1 3 4 Aranđelovac 2 1 3 Batočina 1 1 Ćuprija 1 1 Rača 1 1 2 Paraćin 3 3 Ukupno 16 16 32 Educational inspection of the Republic of Serbia for Sumadija and Pomoravlje District, based in Kragujevac Following training programmes are usually considered under the non-formal education: – Retraining programs – Specialized Programs – Vocational training programs: – Training programs in Information Technology Foreign language courses – Training program for bookkeepers – The training program for socially disadvantaged persons – Support the work capacity of persons with disabilities. Institutions in dealing with informal education: – Vocational Schools – Agency for Education – National Employment Service – private language school – private schools to work on your computer – NGOs and citizens' associations – Mechanical Engineering in Kragujevac – workers DP University of Kragujevac and Jagodina – Facilities for children – Regional Economic Development Agency of Sumadija and Pomoravlje – Zastava Employment and Education Ltd. – Student’s Cultural Center Kragujevac institution and so on. Center for Continuing Adult Education is opened on September 1, 2004 within Second Technical School in Kragujevac, in accordance with the local communities, and within the National Strategy of Adult Education of the Republic of Serbia.. In the list of educational programs for the acquisition of formal education that is built according to the state of affairs for school year 2012/13. year, the Center has developed 16 programmes in duration of 3 to 4 school years. Regarding informal adult education as defined in the current Catalogue of training, there are 63 trainings depending on the areas of education and work. The main problems in the system of informal education are its recognition and evaluation, as well as a formal system by the competent Ministry. This entails addressing the lack of certified, and accredited training by the relevant educational institutions and ministries. This would provide for the law of rule on the market of trainings and "knowledge like any other commodity", would have its required level of quality and recognition.