152 AUTHOR: WINDS OF SMALL CHANGE: Lotti Nkomo1, AFFILIATION: CHIEFS, CHIEFLY POWERS, 1Post-Doctoral Fellow, EVOLVING POLITICS AND THE International Studies Group, University of the Free State STATE IN ZIMBABWE, 1985–1999. EMAIL:
[email protected] ABSTRACT In 1980, the independence government of Zimbabwe DOI: https://dx.doi. adopted a political and administrative policy which was org/10.18820/24150509/ hostile to chiefs. The charge was that chieftaincy was SJCH45.v2.7 backward, unproductive, undemocratic, and a “sellout” institution that had sided with the colonial system. ISSN 0258-2422 (Print) Consequently, chieftaincy was relegated to the fringes ISSN 2415-0509 (Online) of the state, whereby it lost its authority over grassroots Southern Journal for judicial and land affairs, a key marker of its power and Contemporary History status. However, from 1985 the government began to 2020 45(2):152-180 court the chiefs by, among other ways, ceasing hostile rhetoric and promising to return them their “original” PUBLISHED: powers. The scholarship has mainly explained this shift in terms of growing political opposition, among other 30 December 2020 factors that challenged the government’s legitimacy. This article examines the relationship between chiefs and government from 1985 to 1999. Building on literature that has emphasised the government’s motives for turning to chiefs, it considers whether chiefs got their powers back. It argues that the state did not cede back to chiefs the powers they yearned for and continued to keep them at the margins of its administrative processes. It mainly sought chiefs’ legitimating and mobilising capabilities in the context of waning political fortunes.