DOCSLIB.ORG

Inclusion and Exclusion: Ngos and Politics in Zimbabwe Sara Rich

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Inclusion and Exclusion: Ngos and Politics in Zimbabwe Sara Rich Inclusion and Exclusion: NGOs and Politics in Zimbabwe Sara Rich Dorman St Antony’s College Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of D.Phil in the Department of Politics and International Relations in the Division of Social Studies at the University of Oxford. Michaelmas 2001 Inclusion and Exclusion: NGOs and Politics in Zimbabwe Sara Rich Dorman, St Antony’s College 98 852 words Abstract The thesis explores the changing relations between the Zimbabwean state and local non- governmental organizations (NGOs) after independence. It focuses on debates over the role of NGOs in democratization in developing countries, using Zimbabwe as an example. The thesis argues that the study of democratization is best accomplished through detailed empirical case studies, relying on historical narratives and participant-observation research. Such research reinforces our understanding of democratization as a complex and dynamic process. The thesis proposes a framework for understanding state and society relations in Zimbabwe, emphasizing the ruling party’s use of coercive and consent-generating mechanisms to establish hegemony over the new nation. It examines the changing relationship between NGOs and the state after independence, when the ruling party’s efforts to include most groups within its nationalist coalition extend to NGOs. Case studies of NGO coalitions show how activist NGOs fail to mobilize others owing to the unwillingness of many NGOs to challenge the ruling party’s control over policy-making. The establishment of the National Constitutional Assembly by some NGOs, churches and trade unionists set the stage for an increasingly tense engagement between NGOs and the state after 1997. The constitutional debate opened up the public sphere in new ways. As the ruling party attempted to retain control over the political sphere and the constitutional debate, NGO politics became increasingly polarized. The emergence of the opposition Movement for Democratic Change, and the prominence of NGO activists within its leadership, led to further conflict. After losing the February 2000 constitutional referendum, the regime sanctioned violent attacks on white farmers, businesspeople, and NGOs. While the ruling party attempted to shore up its support through nationalist rhetoric and financial incentives, groups perceived to oppose the state were excluded and vilified. (286 words) Table of Contents Part I Studying Democratization in Africa..................................... 1 Chapter 1 Introduction and Methodology ............................... 4 Chapter 2 Reconsidering Democratization, Civil Society and NGOs . ....... 16 Part II The Politics of Inclusion, 1980-1997................................... 43 Chapter 3 Constructing Hegemony: Discourse and Action, 1980-1990 . ....... 50 Chapter 4 The Regime Endures, 1990-1997 ............................ 87 Part III NGOs and the State in Zimbabwe, 1990-1997 . ................... 120 Chapter 5 NGOs and the State: Intra-politics of NGOs .................. 123 Chapter 6 NGOs and the State: Inter-politics, Issues and Coalitions . ...... 164 Part IV The Politics of Exclusion, 1997-2000 ................................ 195 Chapter 7 The Politics of 1997-2000: the January 2000 Referendum . 198 Chapter 8 The Politics of 1997-2000: the June 2000 election . ............. 229 Part V Authoritarianism and Democratization ................................ 266 Chapter 9 Zimbabwe in Comparative Perspective . ................... 267 Works Consulted......................................................... 295 iii Detailed Table of Contents Acknowledgements.........................................................vii Maps of Zimbabwe........................................................ viii Currency Conversion Rates . ............................................ ix Glossary of Selected Zimbabwe-specific Terms . ................. ix Acronyms .................................................................x Part I Studying Democratization in Africa......................................1 Chapter 1 Introduction and Methodology ................................4 1.1 A Dual Mandate?............................................4 1.2 Methodological Approaches...................................5 1.3 Methodological Practice .....................................12 1.4 Outline...................................................15 Chapter 2 Reconsidering Democratization, Civil Society and NGOs . ....16 2.1 Democratization ‘revisited’...................................18 2.2 Power, Culture and Hegemony................................21 2.3 Democratization = Civil Society = NGOs? . .................27 2.3.1 Capacity Critiques: Fowler and Dicklitch ...............31 2.4 Exit, Voice and Material Engagement ..........................32 2.4.1 Problematizing Voluntarism and Professionalization......35 2.5 Pragmatic Decision-making ..................................37 2.6 Authoritarianism ‘Revisited’ ..................................39 Part II The Politics of Inclusion, 1980-1997 ...................................43 Chapter 3 Constructing Hegemony: Discourse and Action, 1980-1990 . ....50 3.1 Nation-building............................................50 3.1.1 Reconciliation and Deracialization . .................52 3.1.2 Party Unity........................................53 3.1.3 Symbolic Nationalism ...............................57 3.1.4 Development......................................60 3.2 Societal Demobilization . .................64 3.2.1 Ex-combatants.....................................66 3.2.2 Party Politics.......................................68 3.2.3 Peasants ..........................................72 3.2.4 Intelligentsia and Students . .................73 3.2.5 Labour ...........................................77 3.2..6 Churches.........................................79 3.2.7 Media ............................................83 3.3 Conclusion . ............................................85 Chapter 4 The Regime Endures, 1990-1997 .............................87 4.1 The ‘Development Agenda’ ..................................88 4.2 Tools of Defense and Offence................................94 4.2.1 Media ............................................94 4.2.2 Elections and Opposition Parties . .................96 4.2.3 The Elections Machinery . .................99 4.2.4 Parliament........................................101 4.2.5 Unions ..........................................103 4.2.6 Judiciary .........................................105 4.2.7 Students .........................................107 4.2.8 Churches.........................................108 iv 4.3 Reactive Nation-building: the backlash to ‘reconciliation and unity’? 110 4.3.1 National Symbols................................. 110 4.3.2 Race, Reconciliation and Affirmative Action . ...... 111 4.3.3 Land ........................................... 115 4.3.4 ‘War Veterans’ . ................... 116 4.4 Conclusion .............................................. 118 Part III NGOs and the State in Zimbabwe, 1990-1997 . ................... 120 Chapter 5 NGOs and the State: the Intra-politics of NGOs ............... 123 5.1 Determinants of Strategic Pragmatism . ................... 123 5.2 The Historical Roots of NGOs: the Nationalist Era............. 127 5.3 Independence: from Euphoria to Conflict . ................... 133 5.3.1 Adjusting to Independence ......................... 134 5.3.2 NGOs during the Matabeleland Conflict . ............. 136 5.3.3 New Issues and New NGOs . ................... 138 5.4 ZimRights: “To the Extent of Doom”? ...................... 145 5.4.1 Membership, Staff and Employment Opportunities . 146 5.4.2 Activities and Advocacy............................ 149 5.4.3 Leadership Struggles and Organizational Growth . 154 5.4.4 Understanding ZimRights’ Collapse.................. 160 5.5 Conclusion .............................................. 163 Chapter 6 NGOs and the State, 1990-1997............................. 164 6.1 VOICE, NANGO, and Ad-hoc Coalitions.................... 164 6.2 Structural Adjustment..................................... 167 6.2.1 The Dog That Didn't Bark in the Night, 1990-1994 . 168 6.2.2 Advocacy and Action: 1994-1995.................... 169 6.2.3 Networking: ZCC-EJN . ................... 171 6.2.4 NGO-LAG: A Call to Justice .................... 172 6.2.5 A Call to Prophetic Action......................... 176 6.2.6 Church NGOs and Economic Policy Issues . ...... 178 6.3 The PVO Act............................................ 179 6.3.1 The History of the Act............................. 179 6.3.2 The AWC Case.................................. 180 6.3.3 The Campaign for the Repeal of the PVO Act . 182 6.3.4 The Politics of not being NANGO .................. 186 6.3.5 The Politics of Opposing the State . ............. 188 6.4 From Ad-hoc Coalitions to the NGO Coalition for Change . 191 6.5 Conclusion .............................................. 193 Part IV The Politics of Exclusion, 1997-2000 ................................ 195 Chapter 7 The Politics of 1997-2000: the January 2000 Referendum . 198 7.1 Growing Unrest.......................................... 198 7.1.1 Economic conditions and labour unrest . ............. 199 7.1.2 Urban conditions................................. 200 7.1.3 Scandals ........................................ 201 7.1.4 The Congo Intervention . ................... 202 7.1.5 Media Expansion and Crackdown.................... 203 7.2 NGOs Take the Initiative:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ZIMBABWE Review of Rights Discourses in Zimbabwe
    ZIMBABWE Review of Rights Discourses in Zimbabwe Produced by Professor G. Feltoe and Dr. E. Sithole University of Zimbabwe Updated January 2010 Harare 1 Introduction This paper examines the legal and social context of human rights discourses in Zimbabwe. It looks at the current constitutional framework, other laws bearing on human rights, the ratification of international and regional human rights instruments and compliance therewith. It examines the evolution of such discourses, focusing on the role played by civil society organisations in advancing human rights, the obstacles they have encountered, the strategies they have adopted and the impact of these strategies. In order to do this, the paper explores the power structures within the Zimbabwean state and the way in which power has been exercised particularly since 2000. ―Human rights‖ refers to universally accepted human rights. The term refers to civil and political rights, social, political and cultural rights and third generation human rights such as environmental rights and developmental rights. ‗Human rights discourses‘ refers to political, legal, social and civic debates in which human rights is a central focal point. Some of the key questions which the review seeks to answer are the following: 1. In what ways and at what stages have human rights discourses emerged and evolved in Zimbabwe? 2. Which non-state and state actors and agencies have been most prominent in raising and advancing issues of human rights? 3. What types of human rights have the actors and agencies sought to advance? 4. What approaches and strategies have they employed? 5. What obstacles have they faced and how have they attempted to overcome these obstacles? 2 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada Sanctions Zimbabwe
    Canadian Sanctions and Canadian charities operating in Zimbabwe: Be Very Careful! By Mark Blumberg (January 7, 2009) Canadian charities operating in Zimbabwe need to be extremely careful. It is not the place for a new and inexperienced charity to begin foreign operations. In fact, only Canadian charities with substantial experience in difficult international operations should even consider operating in Zimbabwe. It is one of the most difficult countries to carry out charitable operations by virtue of the very difficult political, security, human rights and economic situation and the resultant Canadian and international sanctions. This article will set out some information on the Zimbabwe Sanctions including the full text of the Act and Regulations governing the sanctions. It is not a bad idea when dealing with difficult legal issues to consult knowledgeable legal advisors. Summary On September 4, 2008, the Special Economic Measures (Zimbabwe) Regulations (SOR/2008-248) (the “Regulations”) came into force pursuant to subsections 4(1) to (3) of the Special Economic Measures Act. The Canadian sanctions against Zimbabwe are targeted sanctions dealing with weapons, technical support for weapons, assets of designated persons, and Zimbabwean aircraft landing in Canada. There is no humanitarian exception to these targeted sanctions. There are tremendous practical difficulties working in Zimbabwe and if a Canadian charity decides to continue operating in Zimbabwe it is important that the Canadian charity and its intermediaries (eg. Agents, contractor, partners) avoid providing any benefits, “directly or indirectly”, to a “designated person”. Canadian charities need to undertake rigorous due diligence and risk management to ensure that a “designated person” does not financially benefit from the program.
    [Show full text]
  • Crime & Justice
    CRIME & JUSTICE Abolishing the Death Penalty This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of IPS and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. 4 IMPRINT © Inter Press Service (IPS) International Association Publisher: IPS-Inter Press Service Europa gGmbH European Regional Office Marienstr. 19/20 D-10117 Berlin Coordinator: Ramesh Jaura Editor: Petar Hadji-Ristic Layout: Birgit Weisenburger, Berlin Photos: Diverse sources duly acknowledged inside Printed in Germany, November 2007 5 CONTENTS PREFACE 6 MARIO LUBETKIN, IPS DIRECTOR-GENERAL HELP STOP CYCLE OF REVENGE 7 ARCHBISHOP DESMOND TUTU EUROPE & CENTRAL ASIA 9 AFRICA 35 MIDEAST & MEDITERRANEAN 61 ASIA - PACIFIC 93 LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN 147 U.N. & USA 169 6 Mario Lubetkin Preface Rome - It was a historic year. In 2007 the tide of opinion against The reports are immensely varied. They range from NGO websites and copied into diverse human rights blogs. the death penalty gathered in strength as never before, sweeping dispatches from Central Asia to one on the bunged lethal The reports represent a part of IPS coverage on the death to every corner of the world. The number of abolitionist coun- injection execution in Florida that dragged out for minutes - penalty. News stories for the general IPS service have not tries rose. The number of executions declined. Long in place 34 excruciatingly painful ones - not seconds. As a follow-up been included. moratoriums held and new ones came into force. And as the year to this, an IPS correspondent reports on the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Zimbabwean Human Rights Crisis: a Collaborative Approach to International Advocacy
    Davidson and Purohit: The Zimbabwean Human Rights Crisis: A Collaborative Approach to International Advocacy Note from the Field The Zimbabwean Human Rights Crisis: A Collaborative Approach to International Advocacy Lorna Davidson and Raj Purohitt Over the past several years, a serious human rights crisis has developed in Zimbabwe, where President Robert Mugabe employs repressive measures to cling to power. Civil society and human rights groups in Zimbabwe are among those who have come under attack by the government, and they face an extremely difficult challenge in bringing about positive change in the country. This article describes the development of the current crisis in Zimbabwe, focusing on the problems faced by local activists and organizations that seek to promote greater respect for human rights. It further discusses one recent initiative launched by the U.S.-based organization Human Rights First,which organized a consultative meeting of regional civil society groups in August 2003. The article addresses the role that can and should be played by internationalcivil society organizations, which must be sensitive to the contextual dynamics particularto the Zimbabwean crisis and to the region. If they are to be in any way effective, such organizations must act in supportof local actors and stronger regional networks. t Lorna Davidson is a Senior Associate in the Human Rights Defenders Program at Human Rights First in New York, N.Y, and Raj Purohit is the Legislative Director in the Washington, D.C. Office of Human Rights First. Human Rights First is the new name for the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights as of February 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Central African Examiner, 1957-19651
    The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. Zambezia (1996), XXIII (ii). THE CENTRAL AFRICAN EXAMINER, 1957-19651 ANTHONY KING2 St Antony's College, Oxford, UK Abstract The Central African Examiner is a well known source for the study of Zimbabwean history in the seminal period 1957-1965, although the story of its foundation and the backroom manoeuvrings which dogged its short life are relatively unknown. Its inception was the result of industry attempting to push the Federal Government into implementing partnership in a practical way. Up to 1960, the Examiner's internal politics mirrored this conflict, and it was during this time that the Examiner's position as a critical supporter of Government policy was at its most ambiguous. After 1960, the Examiner became a more forthright Government critic — indeed by 1964, it was the only medium left for the expression of nationalist opinion. INTRODUCTION IN THE WAKE of the Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in Rhodesia on 11 November 1965, censorship was imposed on the press. Most newspapers and magazines appeared with a number of blank spaces which would have been filled with articles had they not fallen foul of the censors. One magazine had so much of its content for the December 1965 issue banned that it resorted to making it a 'Do-It-Yourself edition, urging readers to fill in the blanks themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Terence Ranger Bibliography T
    Review N°89 - Spring 2015 An Association of Concerned Africa Scholars (ACAS) Tribute to Terence O. Ranger (29 November 1929 – 3 January 2015) Compiled by Timothy Scarnecchia, Teresa Barnes, and Peter Limb April 8, 2015 This special ACAS Review pays tribute to Terence O. Ranger who passed on January 3, 2015, just after midnight just past his 86th Birthday. We sent out a call for tributes in January. We also know that Terry’s students, as well as the Editorial Board of the Journal of Southern African Studies, and the members of the British Zimbabwe Society will be producing their own tributes. We at ACAS who worked and knew Professor Ranger wanted to add our small contribution by focusing here on his role as an activist scholar. Peter Limb, Terri Barnes, Terry Ranger, and Jim the Guardian. Diana Jeater previously wrote Brennan at the Conference organized in honor of an excellent academic biography of Ranger’s Terry held at the University of Illinois in 2010. contributions, and also reproduced an interview she did with Terry in the "Terence Fortunately, there are many useful ways to Ranger: Life as Historiography" History learn more about Terence Ranger’s life and Workshop Journal (Spring 2012) 73 (1): 193- work. His students, Jocelyn Alexander and 210. David Maxwell, wrote an obituary for Association of Concerned Africa Scholars Review 89 Spring 2015 1 Peter Limb has written an excellent review of Ranger’s impact in his "Terence Ranger, “Once in while there comes on stage a man African Studies and South African who dares to challenge orthodoxy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Zimbabwean Nation-State Project
    The Zimbabwean Nation-State Project DISCUSSION PAPER 59 THE ZIMBABWEAN NATION-STATE PROJECT A Historical Diagnosis of Identity and Power-Based Conflicts in a Postcolonial State SABELO J. NDLOVO-GATSHENI NORDISKA AFRIKAINSTITUTET, UppSALA 2011 Indexing terms: Zimbabwe Nationalism State Political conflicts Political development Political leadership Elite Ethnicity National identity Nation-building Post-colonialism The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of Nordiska Afrikainstitutet. Language checking: Peter Colenbrander ISSN 1104-8417 ISBN 978-91-7106-696-1 © The author and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2011 Production: Byrå4 Print on demand, Lightning Source UK Ltd. The Zimbabwean Nation-State Project Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................4 List of Acronyms ...............................................................................................................................................5 Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................7 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................9 2. Defining the African National Project ................................................................................................18
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Writing 'Democratic' Narratives in Zimbabwe
    Different narration, same history: The politics of writing ‘democratic’ narratives in Zimbabwe Walter Kudzai Barure & Irikidzayi Manase Different narration, same history: The politics of writing ‘democratic’ narratives in Zimbabwe Over the past five decades, Zimbabwe’s political trajectories were characterised by a historiographic revision and deconstruction that revealed varying ideological perceptions and positions of political actors. This article reconsiders the current shifts in the Zimbabwean historiography and focuses on the politics of positioning the self in the national narrative. The article analyses three Zimbabwean political autobiographies written by political actors from the Movement for Democratic Change (MDC), particularly Michael Auret’s From Liberator to Dictator: An Insider’s Account of Robert Mugabe’s Descent into Tyranny (2009), Morgan Tsvangirai’s At the Deep End (2011), and David Coltart’s The Struggle Continues: 50 Years of Tyranny in Zimbabwe (2016). It also discusses how writing in Zimbabwe is a contested terrain that is bifurcated between oppositional and dominant imaginaries of politics, the revolutionary tradition, and past performances of power. Keywords: history, narratives, oppositional and dominant imaginaries, political autobiographies, Zimbabwe. Introduction This article considers how oppositional narratives answer back to patriotic narratives’ denigration of opposition and civic discourses, and their exclusion of the citizenship of minorities such as white Zimbabweans. Zimbabwe- an letters have witnessed the rise of a body of writings, produced by the opposition Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) and other political and human rights actors, termed ‘democratic’ narratives, which contest patri- otic narratives that were constructed using a singular version of history (see Ranger who defines patriotic history as a monolithic version of history that supports the performance of power by ZANU-PF political actors).
    [Show full text]
  • OTHER ISSUES ANNEX E: MDC CANDIDATES & Mps, JUNE 2000
    Zimbabwe, Country Information Page 1 of 95 ZIMBABWE COUNTRY REPORT OCTOBER 2003 COUNTRY INFORMATION & POLICY UNIT I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III ECONOMY IV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURES VIA HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VIB HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VIC HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B: POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS ANNEX C: PROMINENT PEOPLE PAST & PRESENT ANNEX D: FULL ELECTION RESULTS JUNE 2000 (hard copy only) ANNEX E: MDC CANDIDATES & MPs, JUNE 2000 & MDC LEADERSHIP & SHADOW CABINET ANNEX F: MDC POLICIES, PARTY SYMBOLS AND SLOGANS ANNEX G: CABINET LIST, AUGUST 2002 ANNEX H: REFERENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL 1. SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT 1.1 This country report has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The country report has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum / human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum / human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The country report is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. 1.4 It is intended to revise the country report on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Economy of Civilisation: Peasant-Workers in Zimbabwe and the Neo-Colonial World
    The Political Economy of Civilisation: Peasant-Workers in Zimbabwe and the Neo-colonial World Paris Yeros Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations, London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London UMI Number: U172056 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U172056 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 TW£&£ S S097 ABSTRACT This thesis provides a global political economy of the postwar period, with special reference to Zimbabwe. The conceptual aim is to connect the agrarian question with contemporary democratic theory, by inquiring into the global sources of ‘civil society’ and relating it to the phenomenon of semi-proletarianisation. There are three basic arguments. First, civil society cannot be understood in isolation from imperialism. The onset of the Cold War produced an ultra-imperial order under US leadership, with a ‘global development’ project crafted to its needs and a mode of rule preoccupied with the definition and enforcement of ‘civil society’. Second, capital accumulation in the postwar period has continued to operate in accordance with the laws of motion of the centre-periphery relationship; the main alteration has consisted in the closer integration of central-state economies with each other, along with a small number of industrial satellites.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Was Written by Scott Long, Consultant to Human Rights Watch and Former Program Director of the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission
    MORE THAN A NAME State-Sponsored Homophobia and Its Consequences in Southern Africa I wanted to speak to my president face to face one day and tell him, I am here. I wanted to say to him: I am not a word, I am not those things you call me. I wanted to say to him: I am more than a name. ⎯Francis Yabe Chisambisha, Zambian activist, interviewed in 2001. Human Rights Watch and The International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission Copyright © 2003 by Human Rights Watch. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-286-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2003102060 Cover photograph: Cover design by Addresses for Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor, New York, NY 10118-3299 Tel: (212) 290-4700, Fax: (212) 736-1300, E-mail: [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500, Washington, DC 20009 Tel: (202) 612-4321, Fax: (202) 612-4333, E-mail: [email protected] 33 Islington High Street, N1 9LH London, UK Tel: (44 20) 7713 1995, Fax: (44 20) 7713 1800, E-mail: [email protected] 15 Rue Van Campenhout, 1000 Brussels, Belgium Tel: (32 2) 732-2009, Fax: (32 2) 732-0471, E-mail: [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org Listserv address: To subscribe to the list, send an e-mail message to hrw-news-subscribe @igc.topica.com with “subscribe hrw-news” in the body of the message (leave the subject line blank). Addresses for IGLHRC 1375 Sutter Street, Suite 222, San Francisco, CA 94109 Tel: (415) 561-0633, Fax: (415) 561-0619, E-mail: [email protected] IGLHRC, c/o HRW 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor, New York, NY 10118-3299 Tel: (212) 216-1814, Fax: (212) 216-1876, E-mail: [email protected] Roma 1 Mezzanine, (entrada por Versalles 63) Col.
    [Show full text]
  • 2GECOU Does Democracy Matter?
    TheOpen University UBRARY DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PRACTICE1 FOk.SNDATK)N OF AnRICULTURALG1ANtsdNi ECONOMiCS 2GECOU FUNDED BY THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL RESEARCH COUNCIL'S GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE PROGRAMME Does Democracy Matter? Pointers from a comparison of NGOs' influence on environmental policies in Zimbabwe and Botswana Alan Thomas June 1995 ©MK c7- M am©CDL _7CD mnrkfia 17/, GECOU is a research project based at the Open University. It consists of six researchers from five different disciplines: four from the Faculty of Social Sciences, namely Professor David Potter (Political Science), Professor Andrew Blowers (Geography), Dr Bernard Eccleston (Social Sciences), and Dr David Humphreys (Political Science); and two from the Faculty of Technology, namely Dr Susan Carr (Systems) and Alan Thomas (Development Studies). The project examines the advocacy work of environmental NGOs (non- governmental organisations) and their role in the policy processes which directly affect global environmental problems. GECOU forms part of the UK Economic and Social Research Council's Global Environmental Change Programme. For more information contact: Dr David Humphreys, Research. Fellow, Faculty of Social Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA. Tel: 01908 654480 Fax: 01908 654488 E.Mail: [email protected] Previous GECOU Working Papers Annie Taylor, "Setting Environmental Agendas: NGOs, Democracy and Global Politics, A Framework and Methodology for the Research", GECOU Working Paper No. 1, October 1993. David Potter, "Democracy and the Environment in Asia", GECOU Working Paper No. 2, January 1994. David Potter, "NGOs and Forest Management in Karnataka", GECOU Working Paper No. 3, January 1995. DEVELOPMENT POLICY AND PRACTICE The Development Policy and Practice Research Group was set up in the Open University towards the end of 1984 to promote research on development issues.
    [Show full text]