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Aigeai Sikkeleri (Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi)

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Aigeai Sikkeleri (Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi) T.C. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Tarih Anabilim Dalı Eskiçağ Tarihi Bilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans Tezi Aigeai Sikkeleri (Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi) Elvan L. Eti 9725011364 Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Oğuz Tekin İstanbul 2006 Elvan Lütfiye Eti, Aigeai Sikkeleri (Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi) ÖZ Bu yüksek lisans tezinde, antik Kilikia bölgesinde yer alan Aigeai (Yumurtalık) kentinin “Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi”ne ait yayımlanmış sikkeleri derlenerek bir corpus oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ön yüzlerinde genellikle kent-tanrıçası (Tykhe) ile çeşitli tanrı / tanrıçaların yer aldığı yarı-otonom sikkeler çalışmanın kapsamı dışında bırakılmıştır. Tezde önce kentin tarihi ve tarihi coğrafyası anahatlarıyla anlatılıp, daha sonra katalogu verilen malzemenin değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Düzenlenen sikke katalogunda Aigeai kentine ait 319 adet sikke yer almaktadır. Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi sikkelerinden oluşan katalog açıkça göstermektedir ki, kent İmparator Tiberius’tan İmparator Gallienus’a kadar sikke darp etmiştir. En sık tekrarlanan arka yüz tiplerinin başında Asklepios, Hygieia, Telesphoros, Tykhe ve Athena görülmektedir. ABSTRACT In this master thesis, coins of Aigeai (modern Yumurtalık) struck in the Roman Imperial Period were brought together to form a corpus. The quasi-autonomous coins which bear on their obverses the city-goddess (Tykhe) and some deities were excluded in the study. In the thesis, first comes the history and the historical geography of the city and then the evaluation of the material given in the catalogue. 319 coins belonging to Aigeai take place within this catalogue. The catalogue formed of Roman Imperial Period coins clearly indicates that the city had coined from Emperor Tiberius’ period until Emperor Gallienus’. The most repeated reverse types are Asklepios, Hygieia, Telesphoros, Tykhe and Athena. Elvan Lütfiye Eti, Aigeai Sikkeleri (Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi) ÖZ Bu yüksek lisans tezinde, antik Kilikia bölgesinde yer alan Aigeai (Yumurtalık) kentinin “Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi”ne ait yayımlanmış sikkeleri derlenerek bir corpus oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Ön yüzlerinde genellikle kent- tanrıçası (Tykhe) ile çeşitli tanrı / tanrıçaların yer aldığı yarı-otonom sikkeler çalışmanın kapsamı dışında bırakılmıştır. Tezde önce kentin tarihi ve tarihi coğrafyası anahatlarıyla anlatılıp, daha sonra katalogu verilen malzemenin değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Düzenlenen sikke katalogunda Aigeai kentine ait 319 adet sikke yer almaktadır. Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi sikkelerinden oluşan katalog açıkça göstermektedir ki, kent İmparator Tiberius’tan İmparator Gallienus’a kadar sikke darp etmiştir. En sık tekrarlanan arka yüz tiplerinin başında Asklepios, Hygieia, Telesphoros, Tykhe ve Athena görülmektedir. ABSTRACT In this master thesis, coins of Aigeai (modern Yumurtalık) struck in the Roman Imperial Period were brought together to form a corpus. The quasi- autonomous coins which bear on their obverses the city-goddess (Tykhe) and some deities were excluded in the study. In the thesis, first comes the history and the historical geography of the city and then the evaluation of the material given in the catalogue. 319 coins belonging to Aigeai take place within this catalogue. The catalogue formed of Roman Imperial Period coins clearly indicates that the city had coined from Emperor Tiberius’ period until Emperor Gallienus’. The most repeated reverse types are Asklepios, Hygieia, Telesphoros, Tykhe and Athena. iii ÖNSÖZ Kilikia bölgesi kentlerinden Aigeai’ın (Yumurtalık) Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi Sikkeleri üzerine hazırlanan bu Yüksek Lisans tezi, yayımlanmış kataloglardaki Aigeai sikkelerinin bir araya getirilerek derlenmesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Ön yüzlerinde genellikle kent-tanrıçası (Tykhe) ile çeşitli tanrı / tanrıçaların yer aldığı yarı-otonom sikkeler çalışmanın kapsamı dışında bırakılmıştır. Tezin hazırlanmasından amaç; Roma İmparatorluk Döneminde Aigeai’da basılan sikkelerin kronolojik gelişimini ve çeşitliliğini ortaya koymaktır. Aigeai, henüz kazısı yapılmamış bir antik kent olduğundan, sikke repertuvarını özel koleksiyonlarda ve müzelerde bulunan örnekler oluşturmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın çatısını oluşturan temel kaynaklar da söz konusu kataloglar olup, katalogların taranmasıyla ulaşılan sikke sayısı 319’dur. Sikkelerini çalışabileceğimiz bir dönem ve kent seçme sürecinde benim için yepyeni bir coğrafya olan Aigeai’yı öneren ve tezimi yöneten danışmanım Prof. Dr. Oğuz Tekin’e, bana ayırdığı zaman ve desteği için çok teşekkür ederim. Kent hakkındaki bilgileri gözden geçiren ve uyarılarda bulunan Prof. Dr. Mustafa Hamdi Sayar’a da değerli katkıları için teşekkür ederim. Alman Arkeoloji Enstitüsü Kitaplığı’ndaki çalışmalarım sırasında gösterdikleri kolaylık için Ali Akkaya ve Banu Doğan’a; bu tezi yazmam konusunda beni yüreklendiren Dinçer Savaş Lenger’e (M.A); çevirilerde çok emeği geçen sevgili Peri Tunçalp, Aysan Filibeli, Gökhan Dağdeler, Aylin Gürses ve Jasmin Özlem; fotoğraf ve levha düzenlemesinde bana yardımcı olan Agi & Altuğ Kirişoğlu’na ve sevgili dostum Burhan Gülkan’a (M.A) da çok teşekkür ederim. iv Ayrıca son dakikada ihtiyacım olan bilgilere ulaşmamı sağlayan arkadaşlarım Can Ertem, Araş. Gör. Dr. Erkan Konyar ve Araş. Gör. Can Avcı’ya (M.A) da samimiyetleri için teşekkür ederim. Elbette aileme; bana gösterdikleri anlayış ve destek için çok teşekkür ederim. Özellikle teyzeme; benden hiç vazgeçmediği için ve Zeynep’e; bana bir yerlerden hep gülümsediği için. Kalamış v İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa ÖZ / ABSTRACT iii ÖNSÖZ iv İÇİNDEKİLER vi KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ viii HARİTA, FOTOĞRAF VE LEVHALAR LİSTESİ ix GİRİŞ 1 I. ARAŞTIRMALAR, TARİHÇE VE SİKKELER 2 A - Aigeai’ın Konumu ve Tarihsel Coğrafyası 2 B - Aigeai Antik Kenti Üzerine Yapılan Araştırmaların Tarihçesi 4 C - Kentin Tarihine Genel Bakış 5 D - Başlangıçtan Roma İmparatorluğu’nun Sonuna Kadar Aigeai’da Sikke Darbı 13 II. ROMA İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ AIGEAI SİKKELERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ 15 A - Nümismatik Gelişim 15 B – Yarı-otonom Sikkeler 20 C - Ön Yüz Tipleri 21 D - Arka Yüz Tipleri 22 E - Arka Yüz Yazıları 43 F - Kontrmarklar 44 III. ROMA İMPARATORLUK DÖNEMİ SİKKELERİ 45 vi Katalog 45 SONUÇ 120 BİBLİYOGRAFYA 123 LEVHALAR 133 EK 1: Kontrmarklar Listesi 143 EK 2: Arka Yüz Yazıları Listesi 145 EK 3: Tip Levhası 156 EK 4: Harita 157 EK 5: Fotoğraflar 158 vii KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ AE Bronz a.g.e. Adı geçen eser AR Demir A.Y. Arka Yüz Bkz. Bakınız Bill. Billion Çev. Çeviren Ed. Editör Env.No. Envanter Numarası Fotğ. Fotoğraf gr. Gram haz. Hazırlayan Kat.No. Katalog Numarası Kmk Kontrmark lat. Latince Lev. Levha MÖ Milattan Önce MS Milattan Sonra mm. Milimetre Ö.Y. Ön yüz s. Sayfa süt. Sütun vb. Ve benzeri vd. Ve devamı yun. Yunanca viii HARİTA, FOTOĞRAFLAR VE LEVHALAR LİSTESİ Sayfa Tip Levhası : .................................................................... 156 Harita 1 : .................................................................... 157 Fotoğraf I : .................................................................... 158 Fotoğraf II : .................................................................... 158 Fotoğraf III : .................................................................... 159 Fotoğraf IV : .................................................................... 159 Fotoğraf V : .................................................................... 160 Fotoğraf VI : .................................................................... 160 Fotoğraf VII : .................................................................... 161 Fotoğraf VIII : .................................................................... 161 Fotoğraf IX : .................................................................... 162 Fotoğraf X : .................................................................... 163 Fotoğraf XI : .................................................................... 163 Fotoğraf XII : .................................................................... 164 ix GİRİŞ Bu yüksek lisans tezi bir Kilikia bölgesi kenti olan Aigeai (Yumurtalık) antik kenti Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi sikkelerinin bir corpus’unun oluşturulmasını amaçlanmaktadır. Ön yüzlerinde genellikle kent-tanrıçası (Tykhe) ile çeşitli tanrı / tanrıçaların yer aldığı yarı-otonom sikkeler ise çalışmanın kapsamı dışında bırakılmıştır. Kataloga dahil edilen sikkeler, Aigeai üzerine yapılmış yayınlar ve hazırlanmış kataloglardan derlenmiştir. Kataloglar tarandıktan sonra, teknik bilgilerine ve görsel malzemesine ulaşılan dönemin tüm sikkeleri kronolojik olarak tasnif edilmiş ve tek bir katalog haline getirilmiştir. Sikkeler 1’den başlayarak numaralandırılıp, toplamda 319 adet sikkeye ulaşılmıştır. Sikkeler, kentte adına sikke darp edilen imparatorların isimleriyle birlikte kronolojik sırasıyla verilmiştir. Kullanılan başlıca kataloglar; Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum katalogları, British Museum katalogları, H.C. Lindgren ve R. Ziegler tarafından düzenlenmiş kataloglardır. Yayını yapılmamış, internet üzerinden tanıtılan ve satışa sunulmuş sikkeler bu çalışmaya dahil edilmemiştir. Katalogda yer alan sikkelerin üzerindeki eksik ya da silik yazılar, köşeli parantez içinde üç nokta ( [...] ) şeklinde ifade edilmiştir. Bibliyografya A) Antik Kaynaklar, B) Modern Eserler ve C) Katalogda Kullanılan Kısaltmalar olarak üç kısıma ayrılmıştır. Metinde (dipnotlarda) kullanılan yayınlar, ilk geçtiği yerde açık olarak verilmiş, sonraki atıflarda ise a.g.e. olarak verilmiştir. Metinde kullanılmayan ama katalogda kullanılan bibliyografik kısaltmalar ise C) Katalogda Kullanılan Kısaltmalar başlığı altında verilmiştir.
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