Final Project Report
FINAL PROJECT REPORT (FPR)
PROJECT INFORMATION AND RESOURCES Project ID: 00083269
Output ID: 00067570 Resilience Capacity Building for Cities and Municipalities to Project Title: Reduce Disaster Risks from Climate Change and Natural Hazards (Project ReBUILD), Phase 1 Implementing Partner: Climate Change Commission CSCAND agencies, OCD/NDRMMC, DENR, DILG, HLURB, Responsible Parties DTI, Pilot LGUs (Tuguegarao City and Iguig for CRB and (if applicable): Passi, Dumangas and Zarraga for JRB), Academe (UP and CSU) Donor: Government of New Zealand
Project Starting date Project completion date Originally planned Actual Originally planned Actual October 2012 April 2013 June 2015 June 2018
Total Budget Original Budget Latest Signed Revision (US$) (US$)
$ 1,227,272.00 $ 1,749,735.40
Total Expenditures (US$) $ 1,703,983.42 (as of June 2018)
Resources Donor Amount
N/A
PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
ReBUILD Phase 1 aimed to determine the necessary enabling policy environment, mechanism, system and tools, as well as improving the competencies of institutions to address risks from natural hazards and climate change. If climate risks are not anticipated, development gains could diminish and development targets may not be achieved. This can negatively impact attainment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) targets.
ReBUILD Phase 1 was calibrated to showcase and model that climate risk assessment could be done by the localities given the right set of assistance from government, academic, private institutions and civil society. Results of the climate risk assessment would dictate needed adaptation interventions to ensure continuous delivery of basic services and business continuity.
ReBUILD’s intention was to change the mind-set of decision-makers from addressing
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Final Project Report business as usual (BAU) concerns to anticipating future scenarios in planning and investment programming. It aimed to foster a culture of future-oriented or anticipatory planning, factoring the possible impacts of climate change. ReBUILD Phase 1 focused on climate change impacts on natural hazards in two (2) major river basins. It also intended to increase understanding on the transboundary nature of hazards and that an adaptation measure can impact neighbouring localities positively or negatively (maladaptation).
From the onset, limitations were set on the intent for coordinated contingency planning and integrated development planning within the Cagayan and Jalaur River Basin (CRB and JRB). This was because the project funds would not be able to afford to cover the entire river basin and the required work may need more time. While the limitation was set, ReBUILD still pursued its desired outcome, i.e., increased capacities of key local actors, especially women, in the cities and municipalities surrounding the Cagayan and Jalaur River Basins to manage disaster risks and adapt to the overall impacts of climate change towards resilient and sustainable development.
ReBUILD Phase 1 outcome areas consisted of the following: 1. Climate change and disaster risk of CRB and JRB assessed 2. Priority climate change adaptation and disaster risk mitigation measures for priority cities and municipalities within and around the Cagayan and Jalaur River Basins developed 3. Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction mainstreamed in the target areas’ planning and regulatory processes 4. Socio-economic resilience of the poor and most vulnerable in target areas developed 5. Local knowledge management (KM) systems established in selected target areas
ReBUILD Phase 1 focused on local government units (LGUs) in CRB in Region II, and JRB in Region VI. The aspiration was that these two (2) major river basins (MRBs) would initially be the model sites, and success in them would be replicated in the succeeding Phases of the Project to cover the eighteen (18) MRBs.
In 2015, significant changes were introduced. Activities were downscaled due to the delays encountered in the acquisition of satellite imagery. Moreover, activities such as required fieldwork and survey needed for flood modelling, and collection of exposure maps exceeded the allotted time frame and funds. Most significant, anticipatory planning would be difficult without probabilistic maps.
In 2016, there was a change of leadership in the Commission. A new administration also came in. The problems encountered and lessons learned from implementing ReBUILD Phase 1 provided inputs on the formulation of the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017- 2022. This captured the troubles experienced in pilot localities in addressing impacts of climate change and the difficulties in the conduct of climate risk assessment. This resulted to granting the much needed enabling environment for the conduct of climate risk assessment. Likewise, the PDP provided a policy for the nationwide risk assessment. This advancement influenced the calibration of ReBUILD Phase 1 - to provide a model to operationalize the conduct of risk assessment at the local level with the intent of scaling up/replicating.
In view of this, an exit strategy and sustainability plan (ESSP) was implemented in 2017. It focused on plotting the journey of localities in transforming from being climate vulnerable to climate smart. The purpose was to address bottlenecks and gaps encountered in the journey, starting from accomplishing its climate risk assessment.
The Provincial Hub approach was explored for efficiency in replicating and increase effectiveness in characterizing and studying the behaviour of the common hazard (flood, rain
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1. CONTRIBUTION TO THE UNDAF and CPD OUPTPUTS and OUTCOMES
UNDAF 2012 – 2018 and UNDP 2012-2018 Country Programme Outcome
UNDAF/CPD Outcome - By 2018, (i) vulnerable communities and the national and local governments will be better able to manage natural and human-induced disaster risks; and (ii) capacities of vulnerable communities to adapt to climate change will have been enhanced.
UNDAF 2012 – 2018 and UNDP 2012-2018 Country Programme Indicators
UNDAF and CPD Outcome Indicators – (i) damages and losses following natural and human induced disasters; (ii) allocation for DRRM of budgets by national and local governments; (iii) decrease in mortalities following natural and human-induced disasters; (iv) displaced people following natural and human-induced disasters; (v) mortalities, morbidities, and economic loss from extreme meteorological/met-induced events; (vi) productivity of sectors affected by climate change (UNDAF 2012-2018).
Progress towards achieving the Outcome [A brief analysis of the status of the situation and any observed change(s) made possible by the project contribution, at a higher development result level. Make reference to the applicable MDGs or PDP goals/targets ]
ReBUILD Phase 1 contributed to the National Development Goal covered by the UNDAF Outcomes of the Project, specifically under Chapter 10, Goal 3, Philippine Development Plan 2011-2016, which states, to wit:
“Enhanced resilience of natural systems and improved adaptive capacities of human communities to cope with environmental hazards including climate-related risks, by (i) strengthening institutional capacities of national and local governments for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management; (ii) enhancing the resilience of natural systems; and (iii) improving adaptive capacities of communities.”
As mentioned earlier, ReBUILD Phase 1 provided inputs in the formulation of PDP 2017- 2022. It is responsive and contribute to the Subsector Outcome 3 of Chapter 20, among others: “Adaptive capacities and resilience of ecosystems increased. Strategies will be geared toward strengthening the implementation of CCA and DRR actions across sectors, including ENR..., particularly
“Develop, maintain, and ensure the accessibility of climate and geospatial information and services. This includes the following activities: (a) completing the coverage and ensuring access to large scale (1:10,000) probabilistic hazard maps; (b) conducting a nationwide geo-referenced mapping of exposed elements; (c) developing risk estimation models to determine the value of potential loss and damage for different scenarios; (d) improving the loss and damage database to generate disaggregated information about vulnerable and affected groups; (e) identifying and mapping natural ecosystems that contribute to resilience; and (f) standardizing definition and
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methodologies to measure DRRM and CC variables.”
The target to complete the national risk assessment can build on the outputs of ReBUILD Phase 1. Moreover, the tools develop are already being used in building capacities of LGUs. The shift of from BAU to anticipatory mind-set could be supported by the results of the risk assessment. Moreover, planners are more knowledgeable on the need for future scenarios to better prepare for an uncertain future. One significant outcome is bringing in the debate on the use of probabilistic approach in dealing with risk under uncertainties from the changing climate.
Another positive outcome is the acceptance that dealing with hazards requires collective action and that some adaptation measures may turn out to be maladaptation. This appreciation had brought an increased demand from stakeholders, both local and national, to partner with ReBUILD. Upon the kick-off of the ESSP, both JRB and CRB already drafted a resolution to expand coverage of ReBUILD. The demand from the LGUs, academic and professional institutions and civil society is high that ReBUILD decreased its exposure since there was no assurance that commitment to help would be absorbed by the Commission.
It also contributed to the attainment of Outcome 4 of the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) and the UNDP Country Programme by contributing to the reduction of vulnerabilities and the enhancement of resilience of affected population and sectors through improved local, regional and national capacities on climate/disaster risk management. Below are primary some indications to support this:
1. Enhanced CDRA profiles, employing the probabilistic approach. This used climate projections integrated in hazard model, e.g. flood, rain induced landslide, storm surge and subsidence with sea level rise. All five (5) pilot localities completed their risk profile. Notably, this involved participation of stakeholders throughout the process, including those from academe and regional government institutions, e.g., the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) VI, National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) II and VI, Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA).
2. Established institutional arrangements within the respective pilot sites. Various forms of collaboration developed including the creation of the Cagayan Valley Climate Change Consortium (CVCCC) led by the Cagayan State University (CSU). Meanwhile, the Provincial Government of Iloilo organised a proposal for instituting a Provincial Hub that will serve to “replicate” the success of the three (3) pilot localities in the province to the other remaining component cities and municipalities in the province. Both modalities have been publicly launched, spearheaded by respective lead institutions in partnership with ReBUILD.
3. Developed the beta-phase of ReBUILD’s Geospatial Analytics Platform (GAP). It houses information and outputs of all pilot localities. The analytics component of the platform is looking to be operationalized through the partnership between the Commission and the University of the Philippines, through its Resilience Institute. The draft memorandum is being processed by the Commission.
These are ReBUILD Phase 1 contribution to realize the country’s development priorities, expressly stated in the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022. It also contributes to the country’s committed target on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The Project is also looking at a more robust risk assessment that would allow further elaboration especially on gender and vulnerable groups’ development concerns
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Rating: Positive change Negative change Unchanged
Achievements at the Output level: The contributions to the achievement of the correspondent Outcome by the Project were made possible through for instance the following results accomplished at each Output level. Use project document, Annual Work Plan and Integrated Work Plan (IWP) as reference documents
Output 1: Climate change/disaster risk vulnerabilities of Cagayan and Jalaur River Basins assessed
Output Target 1.1 Data for exposure database collected Output Target 1.2 Climate-adjusted flood inundation maps of target areas produced. Output Target 1.3 Methodology for Climate/Disaster Risk and Vulnerability Assessment (C/DRA-VA) formulated Output Target 1.4 Climate/Disaster risk and vulnerability assessment reports produced
Rating: Not achieved Partially achieved Fully achieved
Output 2: Priority climate change adaptation and disaster risk mitigation measures for priority cities and municipalities within and around the Cagayan and Jalaur River Basins developed
Output Target 2.1. C/DRM policy environment assessed Output Target 2.2 Gaps and needs in the implementation of CBMEWS and contingency planning identified Output Target 2.3 Awareness of community leaders on the flood hazards enhanced
Rating: Not achieved Partially achieved Fully achieved
Output 3: Climate change/Disaster risk management mainstreamed into the target areas’ planning and regulatory processes
Output Target 3.1 Awareness of general population of all municipalities and cities surrounding the C/JRB raised. Output Target 3.2 Capacity and competency of local planners and key academic partners to mainstream climate/DRM into CLUPS strengthened Output Target 3.3 Basis to “Climate/Disaster proofed” CLUPs produced.
Rating: Not achieved
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Partially achieved Fully achieved
Output 4: Socio-economic resilience of the poor and most vulnerable in target areas developed
Output Target 4.1 Policy environment on resilient livelihood and risk transfer assessed (linked to PSF) Output Target 4.2 Gaps and needs in the implementation of risk transfer mechanism and livelihood options for improving the socioeconomic condition of vulnerable populations identified
Rating: Not achieved Partially achieved Fully achieved
Output 5: Local knowledge management (KM) systems established in selected target areas.
Output Target 5.1 Policy environment on operation of knowledge management systems/learning centers in target areas assessed Output Target 5.2 Gaps and needs in the implementation of knowledge management systems/learning centers identified Output Target 5.3 Production of knowledge products (based on project outputs) Rating: Not achieved Partially achieved Fully achieved
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Outputs and indicators Key activities planned Budget in USD Expenditures Progress towards results Reasons (as per the signed Annual during the reporting In USD for Work Plans) period (The final (towards achieving outputs and deviations, (ProDoc or signed expenditure targets achieved against indicators) if any Indicator/s (ProDoc or signed Annual Work figures Baseline Annual Work Plans) Plans) should match Target/s the final CDR)
Output 1. Climate change/disaster risk vulnerabilities of Cagayan and Jalaur River Basins assessed.
1. Number of C/DRA-VA 1.1 Exposure 734,985.37 734,985.37 Five (5) enhanced multi-hazard, NA reports produced database probabilistic Climate and Disaster generated Risk Assessments (CDRAs) Baseline: (2012) Flood produced for all pilot localities: susceptibility maps for 1.2 Flood inundation, Tuguegarao City and Iguig the province available rain induced (Cagayan); and Passi City, (MGB) landslide and Zarraga, and Dumangas (Iloilo) storm surge (with Target/s: Five (5) subsidence) maps enhanced produced climate/disaster risk and vulnerability assessment 1.3 Methodology for reports using C/DRA-VA probabilistic multi-hazard formulated maps 1.4 Climate/disaster risk and vulnerability assessment produced Output 2. Priority climate change adaptation and disaster risk mitigation measures for priority cities and municipalities within and around the Cagayan and Jalaur River Basins developed.
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2. Action plan for 2.1 Action plan for 57,467.84 57,467.84 ReBUILD partners in both NA strengthening of strengthening of provinces have taken the initiative institutional institutional to design their institutional environment for environment for arrangement - Cagayan Valley CBMEWS and CBMEWS and Climate Change Consortium integrated planning integrated planning (CVCCC) in Cagayan Valley; and a produced produced Provincial Hub in Iloilo Province1
Baseline: (2012) Multi-hazard, probabilistic CBMEWS non-existent assessment (including hazard, for target sites integrated assessment, vulnerability analysis, C/DRM plans and risk assessment) available and unavailable for target accessible for all pilot localities via areas GAP (platform) to improve formulation of CBMEWS and allow Target/s: Multi-hazard contingency planning maps are available to improve formulation of Onsite mentoring conducted CBMEWS and allow includes all barangays. Results coordinated contingency from the CDRA, specifically hazard planning assessment and its technical findings are analysed per barangay and would provide inputs for developing/ reviewing their CBMEWS
Output 3. Climate change/Disaster risk management mainstreamed into the target areas' planning and regulatory processes.
1 The CVCCC is being spearheaded by the Cagayan State University (CSU) which serves to form a new regional body serving as a Reliable Technical Support (RTS) group in Cagayan Valley composed of regional line agencies, ReBUILD collaborators, and Project ReBUILD partner LGUs. On the other hand, the Provincial Hub of Iloilo is being spearheaded by the Provincial Government of Iloilo through the crafting of the People’s Survival Fund (PSF) proposal, which gathered support from Regional Line Agencies (e.g., PAGASA, NEDA, HLURB, DILG, etc.) Business, Academe, Civil-Society Organizations, and Non-Profit Organizations, among other stakeholders, wherein other provinces in Western Visayas, including Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, and Negros Occidental have signaled interest in replicating province-wide risk assessment using future-oriented, probabilistic, multi-hazard analyses.
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3. Enhancement of 3.1 Awareness of 472,665.63 472,665.63 Enhanced CDRA based on CLUP NA CLUP stakeholders in supplementary guidelines by pilot C/JRB raised HLURB done for all five (5) pilot Baseline: (2013) localities. This will serve as basis Awareness level of 3.2 Capacity and for CLUP and other plan/program general population in competency of enhancement target areas local government undetermined. Some and academic LGUs possess partners to competency on mainstream CCA- preparedness and DRR in CLUP response but not in strengthened climate/disaster risks in general 3.3 Ability to take into consideration Target/s: Increased results of awareness and ability to assessment in apply results of risk and CLUP enhanced vulnerability assessment in local plans
Output 4. Socio-economic resilience of the poor and most vulnerable in target areas developed.
4. Number of proposals 4.1 Number of 10,146.26 10,146.26 The Commission, through NA developed to access proposals ReBUILD, collaborated with NEDA existing technical and developed to Regional Offices II and VI for financing facilities access existing Cagayan Valley and Western (Note that 2017 Exit technical and Visayas workshops for accessing Strategy is to financing facilities PSF and Project ReBUILD E2S2. shepherd this under (Note that 2017 Event which was participated by all CCC regular program) Exit Strategy is to constituent LGUs, HEIs, CSOs, shepherd this NGOs. Project Concept Notes Baseline: (2013) Existing under CCC regular (PCNs) were enhanced and livelihoods of affected program) sample project ideas were
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populace not discussed as model "climate/disaster proofed". Affected Additional resources were populace do not have generated from the Commission risk sharing/transfer and the Global Green Growth mechanism(s) for target Institute (GGGI) areas identified and designed.
Target/s: Link partner LGUs to the People’s Survival Fund (PSF) and PCIC facility.
Output 5. Local knowledge management (KM) systems established in selected target areas.
5. Number agreement 5.1 Policy environment 88,762.22 88,762.22 Going over and beyond the web NA between LGU, on operation of repository to store (raw) data, Agencies and knowledge ReBUILD Phase 1 was able to Academe on a shared management developed a beta-phase which can risk information systems/learning be built on to provide automated system centers in target calculation for vulnerability and risk areas assessed assessment as part of the Baseline: No. of relevant Geospatial Analytics Platform knowledge systems on 5.2 Gaps and needs in (GAP) to allow analysis using C/CRM undetermined. the implementation different climate scenarios Information may be of knowledge available but management PLGUs were connected to PSF fragmented. system/learning facility to be able to conduct a province-wide CDRA and enable Target/s: Risk them to populate data needed information system in beta stage
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Output 6. Project Management Support and Monitoring established.
6. Functional PMU that 6. Functional PMU 385,708.08 299,577.50 PMU able to deliver committed NA provides project that provides project outputs management management services. services.
Baseline: Limited human resources to provide project administration, management, and technical support to the project.
Target/s: Full complement PMU.
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3. PROJECT PERFORMANCE – IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES
Risks/Constraints per Output Recommendations and proposed actions [Outputs 1, 2 & 3] The change in To reduce risk, Project ReBUILD is aligned and national and local leadership after supportive of the directives and policies of the election created a transition process current President. The recalibrated activities that resulted in delay of project support the priorities of the CCA-DRR thrust of implementation because of changed the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022. priorities and (political) uncertainties The ESSP was approved by the Project Board in Sept 2016 and Major Stakeholders in February 2017 [Outputs 1, 2, & 3] Some Close collaboration with the province, academe stakeholders and critical partners and relevant government agencies was able to failed to deliver outputs and provide additional support to partner LGUs. requested data/information on time Constant onsite mentoring also facilitated (political) completion of required outputs [Outputs 1, 2, & 3] Natural disasters Close monitoring of prevailing weather may derail project implementation as conditions and potential disasters were done some key actors are also first responders and decision-makers in case of emergencies (environmental) [Outputs 1, 2, & 3] Insufficient The execution of the ESSP was designed to technical and implementation address capacity gaps of key actors. Partnering capacity of key actors may impede LGUs with technical competent partners timely achievements of outputs facilitate learning (organizational) [Outputs 1, 2, & 3] Delay in financial Project Management Unit (PMU) complied with releases due to non-compliance with requirement set protocols in reporting (financial) [Outputs 1, 2, & 3] Readiness of Alignment meetings with process owners have outputs from other similar efforts may been conducted to resolve duplication issues affect timely delivery of major and critical activities/outputs of the project (strategic) [Outputs 3, 4, & 5] Turn-over of CCC ESSP structured to accord with instructions of Senior Officials (organizational) the President, the concurrent chair of CCC and with the priorities of PDP 2017-2022. Project ReBUILD PMU works closely with the Commission to ensure continuity of work [Outputs 3, 4, & 5] Constraints due to Explore possible financial assistance from the limited budget (financial). Commission and other sources
4. NIM/NGO AUDIT FINDINGS AND SPOT CHECK RECOMMENDATIONS
ReBUILD Phase 1 was constant in its low risk rating. Financial performance was monitored closely and recommendations arising from audits and spot checks were addressed immediately. The Commission on Audit (COA) conducted an audit for calendar year 2014 on the statements of expenditure, of assets and equipment, of cash position – with all three statements found to present fairly and in accordance with agreed upon accounting policies. An external management audit performed by Manila Consulting in October 2017, had the following findings: (i) no changes identified in the internal controls since the prior micro-assessment and spot check; (ii) recommendations on the last spot check regarding proper documentation were implemented; (iii) follows the CCC-CCO
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procurement policies and procedures; (iv) adheres with the 3-canvass rule and PhilGEPS process in the purchase of goods and services; (v) adheres to Civil Service Commission on its guidelines and policies on personnel hiring, promotions and dismissal; and, (vi) controls are in place to prevent that the expenditures are aligned with the Annual Work Plan (AWP). Below is a summary of action taken to address the findings from the most recent audit/ spot check as applicable:
Audit/spot check Action/s taken Responsible Implementation recommendations person date A Spot Check Audit was conducted by Manila Consulting in October 2017. The Project was given a “Low Risk” rating. The following are the recommendations: Implementing partners Done Finance 10-1-2017 should strictly follow the chronological of its disbursement vouchers in relation to its numerical sequence. Implementing partners Done Finance 10-1-2017 should strictly adhere to its Adopted for future travel. policies and procedures Including itinerary of travel for regarding disbursement past travels completed by end of October 2017. processing. Proper planning and Done. Finance 7-1-2017 budgeting of the activity Avoid drawing cash advance, should be done to minimize use reimbursement mode handling large amount of instead. cash and return of large amount of excess cash advances. Implementing partners Done. Finance 10-25-2017 should review the Adjustment of account code disbursement voucher’s requested for UNDP to revise. journal entries before posting of transactions.
5. LESSONS LEARNED
ReBUILD Phase 1 evolved since it started in 2013. Tools and processes for the conduct of climate risk assessment where still being developed. As documented in the 2015 Project Board Meeting, lack of tools such as probabilistic hazard maps and impact models that factors in climate scenarios made it difficult to conduct the climate risk assessment. With the tools and processes still evolving, ReBUILD had to be calibrated several times to remain relevant and cutting edge. The political arena also affected performance of the project. Noting that ReBUILD Phase 1 introduces several shift in doing things, resistance and criticisms from process owners who will be affected was anticipated. Moreover a strategy change was also put in place to work with those institutions who provide direct support to LGUs, i.e., regional institutions and the province. Significant lessons include the following:
(i) Understanding the cultural aspect in mainstreaming climate change or managing risk under uncertainties. While climate change may be popular, actual work to shift mind-set from BAU mode to anticipatory mode may take time as resistance is normal since it may entail new ways of doing things, i.e., process owners may have to make adjustments in the status quo. Moreover, understanding risks under uncertainties or simply qualifying and quantifying the “change” in climate change still remains a struggle. Anticipating means taking in a plausible range of
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possibilities that a changing environment may bring. The Filipino culture of bahala na may influence the difficulty in the shift to a future-oriented culture.
As the metrics on mainstreaming climate change adaptation is still vague. Better understanding of behaviour towards “risks under uncertainties” is fundamental in convincing LGU’s to make the shift from using BAU to anticipatory planning. The theory of change may suggest employing loss aversion strategy in decision- making. The LGUs is trained to determine potential losses, damages and disruption (PLDD). PLDD computation is tangible and provides an option for decision-makers to either protect their investments or suffer the consequences (PLDD). This choice may influence decisions on spending for better adaptation investments to avoid incurring PLDD.
(ii) Communicating a clear vision on the transformation needed generates buy-in. During the implementation of the ESSP, the PMU presented the end to end support system needed for localities to transform from being climate vulnerable to resilient and climate smart. A number of stakeholders provided feedback that now they understand better what they have been doing for the past three (3) years. This simple lesson shows that providing a clear picture of the desired outcome may allow stakeholders to process “what is in it for them” and if they find value in what is at stake, their commitment would grow deeper.
(iii) Promoting an end-to-end support system may bring in more collaboration for a collective action. The end-to-end support system was also conceived due to the observed gaps in technical assistance provided to LGU in their journey from 1) building science-based information; 2) integrating results to adjust plans and programs; and 3) implementing appropriate adaptation measures. Additional interventions is needed after completion of climate vulnerability and risk assessment, to ensure that outputs are translated to effective polices and/or programs. In view of this, the PMU provided a venue for collaboration of institutions, e.g., government (national, regional, local), higher educational institutions (HEI), and civil society. Each of the institution provides services along the three (3) phases of the support system. Within the range of the support needed, institutions were quick to identify where and in what aspect they can contribute. The introduction of this end-to-end opened up collaboration possibilities among stakeholders. On the point of view as an oversight agency, this system facilitated assessment of gaps and bottlenecks that requires solution. It also eases up identification of possible service provider, its role and expected outputs. On the side of the LGUs, they could appreciate more why certain processes should be undertaken to make that transformation. The Commission may build on this and continue to work on more definite commitments from its partners. It may be able to result to a policy issuance, e.g., joint memorandum circular that will delineate roles and outputs from partner institutions.
(iv) Choosing to plot a journey map, rather than a road map. ReBUILD experienced difficulty in completing basic data required for vulnerability analysis and risk assessment. This prompted the PMU to focus on making a “journey map,” to plot barriers/bottlenecks encountered that hinders moving to the succeeding phases. The learning is to facilitate data-sharing and accessibility since some institutions already have the data required. An interoperable platform is needed to enable storage of data shared for further processing. The process of calculation may be cumbersome for LGUs that an automated system could be develop to facilitate processing. The end-to-end support system and journey maps allows checking
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of problems encountered by LGUs. Likewise, it allows all stakeholders to respond accordingly.
(v) Considering horizontal integration and vertical alignment. Climate change is a cross cutting concern and has multidimensional implications. Addressing possible impacts means starting with a credible climate risk assessment that consists of different scenarios and a number of hazards. The results of the assessment will feed into the planning-programming-implementing-monitoring- evaluating cycle. Horizontal integration is a must to ensure quality assurance of selected adaptation measures. Likewise, since hazards are transboundary and adaptation measures may require a larger or collective effort, vertical alignment is also a must. This is why the GAP is important, as it will provide a common picture of the hazard, the vulnerability of exposed elements and the shared risks that transcends geopolitical territories.
(vi) Sustaining gains of ReBUILD Phase 1 requires buy-in from process owners. The possible key to unlock building the fundamentals to climate risk governance is equipping LGUs to understand their climate vulnerabilities and risks and the implications of non-action. With a little financial and technical support, LGUs can complete the process in approximately three (3) to six (6) months, depending on data availability. The time can be cut if government institutions efforts are complemented by academic partners (HEIs) and civil society.
(vii) Working more with regional offices and securing additional assistance. The Commission has been working with national agencies in developing guidelines and policies to be applied locally. It was observed that while ReBUILD Phase 1 was to enhance the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), the pilot localities did not have their risk assessment at hand. The PMU checked with the regional offices the possible reason why in spite of the numerous training, required document were not produced such as CDRA, LCCAP, among others. It seem that guidelines issued by national agencies are not that easy to follow. Moreover, proportion of regional staffs in charge of a number of LGUs may be 3:90. Making this difficult for them to constantly follow up progress of each LGUs. ReBUILD tapped the HEIs who wanted to assist but do not know how to approach the LGUs. Likewise, coordination with the province were made to facilitate a working relationship among service providers.
(viii) Appreciating interconnectedness and the ills of maladaptation. The conduct of the PSF Workshops revealed that majority of LGUs are keen to access “climate change adaptation funds.” However, based on experience during the review of the project concept note (PCN), proposed projects perceived to be “adaptation” are BAU disaster risk and management projects. The danger of implementing these types of interventions, without a broader perspective of the hazard behaviour and the basic science-based information (i.e., climate adjusted vulnerability and disaster risk assessment), the supposed “adaptation” projects may actually contribute be “maladaptation.” An example would be fragmented building of flood control structures to traffic/ block floods. While it protects one locality, the flood water may just be exported to the next municipalities. ReBUILD has recalibrated its IEC activities, workshops, and modules to emphasize that probable scenarios must be available for simulation. The climate adjusted vulnerability and disaster risk assessment and its resulting range of minimum and maximum possibilities should be a basic/ foundation to addressing natural hazards and climate change.
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(ix) Addressing the increasing demand for ReBUILD. While pilot sites are already sharing their outputs, pressure to expand and replicate Project ReBUILD is growing. Sharing of initial results created demand that cannot be addressed by ReBUILD Phase 1. Thus, it may be contrarian to the norm but ReBUILD Phase 1 is very cautious in sharing results since buy-in of institutions should come in to avoid providing LGUs and eager partners false hope.
(x) Generating wider support from competent institutions. One of the most cumbersome and time-consuming activity is completing the exposure data, converting this to geospatial data, and further creating polygons to ensure that measurement of exposed areas is possible. There are institutions that may readily offer help, especially HEIs tapping students who needs to complete their on-the Job Training (OJT). This is a learning from the Iloilo Provincial Government and the Iloilo Science and Technology University (ISAT-U). The ISAT-U provided students to help the province assist in completing data requirements. This is a viable solution to help LGUs to fast track completion of their climate vulnerability and disaster risk assessment.
6. PARTNERSHIP STRATEGIES
The first activity for the ESSP was a collaboration workshop among all stakeholders in the region for both Iloilo and Cagayan Province. Part of the workshop was the presentation of the end-to-end support system and an activity to plot what area/s each institution can contribute to, what their role will be and what output they can produce. This provided a glimpse of potential collaboration and areas where the institutions could provide assistance to LGUs. Another activity was for the institutions to provide reasons that may hinder their providing assistance to LGUs.
The objective for the end-to-end support system may have convinced the institutions to collaborate with each other since they were able to relate on the problems presented. Moreover, they were able to identify with the climate vulnerable status of the region/province/city-municipality. Thus, a share goal or common desire to transform the region/province/city-municipality to become resilient and climate smart may have cemented partnerships. It should be noted that Iloilo experienced Yolanda, while Cagayan experienced Lawin.
The succeeding series of workshops build rapport among the participants from the regional, provincial, city/municipal, academe and civil society. As the workshop progressed, additional municipalities joined. The stakeholders who participated during the series of seminar-workshops concluded that the learning-by-doing cum on-site mentoring approach (peer-to-peer) is highly effective and must be included in similar capacity-building programmes and likewise be considered as an important programme component. This has capacitated the stakeholders and are now willing to share this knowledge with other LGUs during the up-scaling of the Project.
The convincing to build and expand partnership and collaboration came in when the PSF for the whole region was conducted. The areas not covered by ReBUILD were asking why they were not included and how can they be a part of ReBUILD. Possibly, LGUs sharing their outputs convinced other LGUs that it is doable. Thus, all the LGUs present wanted to be a part of ReBUILD. Likewise, when the academic partners presented what they achieved, other academic institution were quick to commit their services, if needed. This shows that the intention to address climate change concerns is a relatable concern for all.
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The Geospatial Analytics Platform (GAP) was widely accepted by the NEDA as it is a tool with great potential for anticipatory planning. The GAP also is one of the products that the province and institutions such as the River Basin Coordination Office (RBCO) found useful.
In hindsight, the products produced by ReBUILD Phase 1 may be valued for their utility. The ability of these tools and system to deter potential loss, damages and disruption may have their own set of appeal to those who are drained of experiencing recurring consequences from natural hazards, exacerbated by climate change. Below is a summary of partnerships forged by Project ReBUILD:
Name of partner Type Description of partnership and how it has contributed to project results or sustainability Pilot LGUs (i.e., the LGU Decision-maker that worked to complete their municipality of Iguig and Pilot climate vulnerability and risk assessment and Tuguegarao City for Localities applied the results to determine possible Cagayan province; and the climate change actions/measures municipalities of Dumangas Champion and model to other localities and and Zarraga, and Passi City for completing the location specific risk for Iloilo province) assessment
Shifted role from beneficiaries to champions for utilizing results of their science-based risk assessment to identify potential losses, damages, disruptions. Results were used as basis for anticipatory planning to ensure that investments could adapt well given probable risks and possible opportunities. The pilots were able to influence their peers and higher bodies (province) to do integrated climate risk assessment to address common hazards and shared risks. These localities drafted a proposal to the People’s Survival Fund (PSF) for assistance in the form of a project development grant.
Provincial governments of LGU Consolidator to compile climate vulnerability Cagayan and Iloilo and risk assessment to come up with a provinces provincial risk assessment
Committed to use their supervisory role to assist constituents to complete their risk assessment to enable to provide a broader perspective of the hazard behaviour and possible impacts that may need collective actions. Both Cagayan and Iloilo are taking a larger role through committing to build a provincial hub. It will provide a viable institutional arrangement for collective action among data providers, data users, service providers and technology developers. This could build partnerships to deliver reliable technical support at the local level.
Jalaur River Basin River Basin Decision maker for the entire river basin Management Council Council Lead on the use of the ridge to reef approach (JRBMC) and Cagayan to collect information and process this using River Basin Management impact models to characterize behaviour of Council (CRBMC) the (common) hazard
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Name of partner Type Description of partnership and how it has contributed to project results or sustainability Both Councils expressed interest to replicate the conduct of climate vulnerability and risk assessment for the entire river basin to facilitate coordinated contingency and anticipatory planning. Both crafted a resolution in partnership with the Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office, regional DENR and NEDA to conduct a risk assessment for the entire river basin. This would enable them to determine appropriate climate change adaptation actions/measures. Both Councils expressed willingness to build on the institutional arrangement, processes and tools started by Project ReBUILD.
National Economic Oversight Lead in promoting anticipatory planning and Development Authority Agency the need for a credible risk assessment as (NEDA) Regional Offices II (worked with basis for planning and investment and VI and Central Office Regional programming Offices) Transmitted a letter to the CCC to help streamline CCA efforts, particularly on capacity building and cc-related projects at the regional level. This will foster coordinated efforts and avoid duplication. NRO II and VI led the Rollout of the People’s Survival Fund (PSF) ‘Accessing the People’s Survival Fund and Project ReBUILD’ workshop in Cagayan Valley and Western Visayas. The participants were all provincial/city/municipal planners within the region. The activity allowed all planners in the region to understand better the importance of working together to address common dangers (hazards) and shared risks. It also facilitated linking regional and local (province- city/municipal) actors, e.g., regional institutions, higher education institution, in building a reliable technical support system at the local level.
Housing and Land Use Government Main support and guide, especially in Region Regulatory Board (HLURB) Institution VI, in ensuring that that the conduct of the Regional Offices II and VI (Regulatory Climate Disaster and Risk Assessment Agency) (CDRA) follows the Supplemental Guideline Ensured that the CDRA Practical Guide developed by Project ReBUILD is user friendly and aligned HLURB Supplemental Guideline. Provided technical support on problem areas in the conduct of CDRA. Communicated policy issues that may need to be addressed by the HLURB.
Department of Environment Government Coordinator and facilitator in providing and Natural Resources Institution feedback on the implementation of ReBUILD (DENR) - River Basin (Coordination Control Office (RBCO) Council) Partner in building institutional arrangement for Regions II and VI reliable technical support for LGUs in Cagayan and Iloilo province. Facilitated drafting of resolution for adoption of the river basin council.
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Name of partner Type Description of partnership and how it has contributed to project results or sustainability
Philippine Atmospheric Government Data provider Geophysical and Institution Astronomical Services (Data Completed the learning by doing workshop to Administration (PAGASA) Provider) complete the risk assessment process for the pilot Regional Office localities.
National Mapping and Government Participated in the workshops on risk assessment. Resource Information Institution Committed to collaborate to help build risk profile. Authority (NAMRIA) (Data Provider) Department of Interior and Government Part of the Climate Change Consortium for Local Government (DILG) (Local Cagayan Valley. R2 & R6 Governance Development) Philippine Commission on Government Partner in mainstreaming gender and Women (PCW) Institution development concerns in risk assessment. Advocated to include women’s concerns in the assessment process.
University of the Philippines Academe Main provider of technical assistance and Diliman (with UP Resilience support in the conduct of hazard assessment, Institute and UP NOAH) vulnerability analysis to complete risk and Visayas assessment Cagayan State University Isabela State University Capacitate peers and partners in the areas of Iloilo Science and CDRA. Assisted in completing the exposure Technology University database and conduct of vulnerability analysis University of San Agustin and risk assessment. Developed and enhanced Central Philippine University impact models, factoring Representative Nueva Viscaya State Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios in University hazard assessment, to come up with a range of Quirino State University probable scenarios that could hit the locality. Assisted LGUs in analysing results and determining possible climate change adaptation measures. Continue assisting LGUs interested in completing their CDRA.
CFC-ANCOP CSP Civil Society Social and Resource Mobilization partners Bata Muna Organization CYAP Inc. Assisted in promoting anticipatory planning based on the risk assessment. Secured projects for LGUs to address vulnerable areas
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7. GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT MAINSTREAMING
1. Qualitative description
. In Governance Mechanisms, women took part as decision-makers for ReBUILD. PCW is part of the decision maker as member of the Project Board. More than half of members in the regional, provincial and city/municipality technical working groups are women. The heads of main institutional partners in the pilot regions consist of women, e.g., NEDA Region II and VI - Regional Directors; HLURB Region VI- Officer in Charge, CSU– University President; UP Visayas – Vice Chancellor etc.
. In Capacity Building and Policy, Planning and Programming. ReBUILD activities focused primarily on data generation – hazard assessment, vulnerability analysis to facilitate risk assessment. In building the risk profile, information on population and critical point facilities covers vulnerable groups such as women, children, senior citizens indigenous people and persons with disabilities. Covering them would enrich the analysis and facilitate capturing sectoral concerns, in particularly potential losses, damages and disruption (PLDD) that may have varying impacts to the vulnerable groups and population as a whole. The primary analysis could already provide as a starting point to determine gender concerns that can be elaborated in the sectoral impact assessment, which is a higher level of analysis that may consider benchmarks such as realizing the SDGs.
. Women’s Empowerment Key Results. As the localities identify their vulnerability and build their risk profile, further analysis could be made to determine sector impacts, e.g. food, livelihoods, education etc., including gender issues. For now, ReBUILD ensure that the risk assessment is socially-inclusive as it needs to capture the profile. In succeeding works, gender issues have to be identified so that appropriate actions/measures could be drawn out. The pilot sites consistently linked concerns on food, health and livelihood as a gender concern as women are very active in these areas. As an example, Passi City offered alternative livelihood assistance program to women active in micro-trading. The use of the Harmonized Gender and Development Tool (HGDT) to quantitatively assess and enhance the gender-responsiveness of the project, will be key in determining whether proposed climate actions/measures is all inclusive and address concerns of the vulnerable sector.
Project ReBUILD is conscious in identifying areas where integration of women concerns should be applied. Key areas include the modules on (i) determining technical findings and possible implications, and (ii) generating risk sensitive policy and programs. The risk profile will identify development challenges that need to be addressed, including women concerns that will be the basis for proposing appropriate measures under project development.
. Gender issues
No. Gender issues identified How the project is addressing identified gender issues 1 Including gender analysis in the preparation of ReBUILD has started georeferencing the inventory for all decision areas. CCA-DRR proposals The proposed Provincial Hub would be able to facilitate data-sharing, e.g., household data from the Department of Social Work and Development among others, to enable stakeholders to build on their risk profile. This
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would enable decision makers to locate women that may need help in availing assistance for health, education, livelihood among others. This information can then be included as a component for the PSF proposal.
2 Looking into implications to women and girl-child in ReBUILD has unlocked a viable partnership with LGUs in protecting women times of extreme weather events and girl-child. In times of eminent disaster, the risk profile could serve as an inventory to be used in checking safety of the population per barangay. Further work could include the development of a protocol using information from the risk profile in contingency planning.
. Classification of Gender responsiveness2
Classification of gender-responsiveness: A: Project is gender-responsive (15.0-20.0) Project Implementation, Management, X B: Project is gender-sensitive (8.0-14.9)* Monitoring and Evaluation (PIMME) C: Project has promising GAD prospects (4.0-7.9) Select one D: Gender and development (GAD) is invisible in the proposed project (0-3.9) *ReBUILD is part of the building block to determine possible or emerging issues
2 Scoring based on Box 16 and 17 of the Harmonized Gender and Development Guidelines on Project Development, Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation, 2nd ed (download here)
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8. REPORTING ON OTHER CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES (if any)
Early on the project, UNDP identified cross-cutting issues/programming principles, namely: human rights, environmental sustainability, culture and development, and capacity development. ReBUILD hinges on the possibility of coming up with tools, process, systems that would prepare localities to sustain its development in spite of uncertainties of a changing environment. ReBUILD aims to identify way in advance possible consequences from the impacts of climate change. In brief, the outputs ReBUILD may bring would impact on managing attainment of the SDGs.
The transboundary nature of the natural hazards exacerbated by possible impacts of climate change presents a challenge that cannot be contained in one area/locality. Thus, collective institutional effort is required from all stakeholders. Moreover, the challenge of addressing uncertainties requires looking at probabilities of possible events and consequences it bring. Thus, climate risk profile would be essential for development efforts. ReBUILD evolved and used the latest technology available. It also ensured that localities would be able to complete the process with some technical assistance. In particular, activities centered on the following:
i. Ensuring the availability and accessibility of science-based information for decision-making, e.g., completion of the Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) which considers in the analysis the probabilistic models of hydro- meteorological hazards, factoring climate projections, in order to create the range of plausible future scenarios; ii. Utilizing results of the risk assessment and integrating the development challenges posed by natural hazards and climate change in local plans and identifying appropriate investment programs to address these challenges; and iii. Increasing access to technical and financial support to implement appropriate anticipatory actions responsive to location-specific vulnerabilities identified in the risk assessment.
A major challenge remains. The shift of mind-set from BAU mode into anticipatory mode is not yet widely accepted and practiced, particularly and surprisingly in national institutions. It may be because the institutions feel threatened that anticipatory planning will disrupt their established processes and system of doing things. In effect, while climate change adaptation is popular, the struggle to evolve into a future-oriented culture. This cultural issue is detrimental to addressing impacts of climate change. This even is true for institutions such as the Climate Change Commission (CCC) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). While climate change is popular, the willingness to shift mind-set is difficult. This is important as most of the national budget are controlled by these national institutions. Moreover, policies to support risk based adaptation (RBA) had been stalled.
On the contrary, the reception of the regional and local level on results of ReBUILD is overwhelming. Maybe it is because that these institutions are familiar with experiencing loss, damages and disruptions. LGUs would are seeking solutions to address negative impacts from natural hazards exacerbated by climate change. All events where ReBUILD presented, the audience expressed interest to replicate to also update their local risk profile.
9. KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTS AND DISSEMINATION PLAN:
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As mentioned above, ReBUILD disseminated information on the outputs of the pilot sites. The geospatial analytics platform (GAP) provided actual maps generated. When this was initially presented in the JRBMC and CRBMC, both Councils drafted a resolution to replicate this in the entire river basin. The same reception was given when ReBUILD presented this to all provincial, city and municipal planners in the PSF rollout for Western Visayas and Cagayan Valley. During the event, the participants already wanted to take part and replicate the process in their localities. This is also try when ReBUILD presented in an event hosted by the Mindanao Development Authority (MinDA). It seems that collaboration is easily pursued and local authorities were hopeful that the Commission would be able to help them in working on their risk profile. Thus, presentations in various events served as flagship and strategic venues to showcase results of the pilot sites. It process and produce a science based climate vulnerability and disaster risk assessment – multi-hazard, multi-scenario and climate change adjusted variables.
Meanwhile, Project ReBUILD’s Geospatial Analytics Platform (GAP) is a tool that provides the fundamentals for developing a national integrated risk information system. With Project ReBUILD’s limited budget, a web repository will be developed to store data and output of all pilot sites. Outputs and knowledge products by all pilot sites, e.g., exposure databases, hazard, vulnerability, and risk maps, are uploaded into the GANaP, which is in its beta- phase as a data repository. At the backend, all data gathered are also stored in the repository. For now, the maps generated are accessible to the public. However, access to date is limited to the municipality/city who owns the data. In view of this, formulating a data sharing protocol is listed among the work to be done under knowledge management.
Development of GAP, particularly its analytics function is being discussed with the Commission. With the limited funds of ReBUILD, it may not be able to afford development of the system. Infusion of additional funding will serve to automate the generation of adaptive capacity, vulnerability and disaster risk scores; processing of summary matrix to include information down to the barangay; and translating tabular outputs in maps form. GANaP is being developed with the vision of a nationwide roll-out of the ReBUILD End-to-End Support System.
ReBUILD outputs were presented in various events by different speakers. Below is some of the events where ReBUILD outputs were presented:
Date Place Activity 12 May17 Metro Manila National Anti-Poverty Council Meeting with the Basic Sectors 15-17 May 17 Iloilo City ReBUILD Collaboration Workshop 18-20 May 17 Cagayan Valley ReBUILD Collaboration Workshop 13 Jun 17 Iloilo Cluster Jalaur River Basin Management Board Meeting 20 Jul 17 Cagayan Joint Meeting of the Regional Land Use Committee (RLUC) Cluster and the Regional Committee on Sustainable Development (RCSD) 16-18 Aug 17 Pampanga Simulation Activity for PSF Modules 22-23 Aug 17 Davao City 3rd Session of the MinDa-JPP and Training for the People’s Survival Fund Capacity Development Roll-out 13-15 Sept 17 Iloilo Cluster Learn-Write-Workshop - Western Visayas | Accessing the PSF and Project ReBUILD 20-22 Sept 17 Cagayan 5th Cagayan Valley Annual Regional Planners' Convention Cluster cum Learning-Workshop on PSF Soft Roll-out
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Date Place Activity 21 Sept 17 Cagayan Cagayan River Basin Management Board Meeting Cluster 20-24 Nov 17 Metro Manila National Climate Change Consciousness Week 26-30Nov 17 Bangkok, UNESCO-UNEVOC Capacity Building Workshop on Greening Thailand TVET 6-8 Dec 17 Metro Manila National Convention on Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction 28 Fen 18 Metro Manila Vice Mayor Leagues General Assembly 26 Mar 18 Metro Manila Disaster Resilience Mapping for Mission-Critical Infrastructures and Investments of State Universities and Colleges in the Philippines 5 Jun 18 Pampanga Philippine Association of Agriculturist 3rd Regional Convention
10. SUSTAINABILITY OF RESULTS AND EXIT STRATEGY:
ReBUILD was held up in 2016 when the Commission went through a change of management. When it went back to normal operation in the third (3rd) quarter of 2016, it had to be recalibrated to be relevant and responsive to the new administration’s Philippine Development Plan (PDP) targets and considering the priorities of the Commission. Noteworthy is that the Commission was able to provide inputs to the PDP based on the experience and learning from implementing ReBUILD. The PDP provided target to increase the adaptive capacity of the country. A pre-requisite to climate risk management is to complete the national risk assessment and it should be made available and accessible to decision-makers. Moreover, location specific risk assessment is needed to guide localities in determining appropriate adaptation actions/measures. PDP goal is to complete the rollout of risk assessment nationwide by 2022.
To be relevant and responsive, ReBUILD designed an Exit Strategy and Sustainability Plan (ESSP). It concentrated on developing tools, processes, systems to be used for the roll and that could be built upon beyond the project’s life. The ESSP aims to showcase an operational model focusing on helping localities in their journey to complete their preliminary risk assessment, i.e., finding bottlenecks and determining viable solutions to provide basic support for localities. The tools, processes, systems developed would determine adaptation measures to help them transform from being climate-vulnerable to becoming resilient and climate-smart. All these were efforts to operationalize the target of the PDP to complete risk assessment by 2022. The following form part of the interventions and how it would be sustained:
. Developed a Practical Guide to further simplify HLURB’s Supplemental Guide. The version is user-friendly and incorporates GIS to guide localities in rendering results in map format. The Practical Guide was launched as part of the CORE Modules during the National Climate Change Consciousness Week 2017. The Practical Guide comes in ARCGIS and QGIS version. It is part of the tools for trainers and those who would opt do-it-yourself at their own pace. It is formatted with a step by step instruction to complete the CDRA. . Developed a geopspatial analytics platform (GAP) to facilitate interoperability with the capability of data analysis. The concept of an interoperable platform will enable data sharing and facilitate ease in conducting basic to complex analysis. Data from the pilot sites are being compiled and will be housed in a web repository for easy access. Eventually, as the neighbouring municipalities/cities would complete their
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risk assessment they could also upload/store their data in the web repository. The repository is seen to further develop into the Geospatial Analytics National Platform (GANaP), which is envisioned to automate calculation of vulnerability and risks, and capable of converting tabular data into map form. The beta-phase currently displays hazards based on climate scenarios and exposure data sets, which can be overlaid to better visualize hazard-exposed units and help identify location-specific impacts. This provides decision-oriented information to be use in determining appropriate climate change adaptation measures, down to the barangay level (See Figures 1-3). The auto-generated matrix displaying risk-levels of barangays are also online in the GAP beta-phase (See Figure 4). The GAP is a tool for all stakeholders to enable data sharing and allow all stakeholders, at varying levels (national, regional, provincial, city/municipality, barangay), to access data and risk profile of a specific area. This will be helpful for assessment, identification of measures, implementation and monitoring and evaluation purposes. The availability of risk profile in a broader perspective can also be used to determine common concerns and identify solutions that may need inter-region/province/city or municipal/barangay coordination.
Figure 1. GANaP online interface displaying flood hazard of Zarraga Figure 2. GANaP online interface displaying existing land-use map of municipality (RCP 8.5 2079 5-year RRP). Zarraga municipality, including all CDRA exposure units (i.e., population, natural-resource production areas, urban-use areas, critical point facilities, lifeline utilities).
Figure 3. GANaP online interface displaying overlay of flood hazard of Figure 4. Sample auto-generated CDRA matrix with corresponding Zarraga municipality (RCP 8.5 2079 5-year RRP) over the existing risk levels per barangay for printing. land-use map. Swivel controls for transparency of different layers allow for better visualization of hazard-exposed units for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction and management planning.
. Facilitated institutional arrangement for wider support at the local level. The NEDA Regional Offices facilitated gathering of all Planning Officers from the provinces, cities/municipalities. Representatives from regional government institutions, academe and civil society also participated. This provided a venue for the localities to discuss transboundary nature of common hazards and possible inter-
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province/city/municipal impacts that needs coordinated efforts. The Commission already discussed with NEDA Central Office the possibility of replicating this in all regions, including ARMM. Moreover, it was agreed that localities should be assisted in completing their risk assessment to determine appropriate adaptation measures. . Linked localities to the People Survival Fund (PSF). To complete the cycle on adaptation, the localities were requested to identify possible climate change measures to address their problem areas based on the results of their risk assessment. The localities were able to request assistance from the PSF to further work on their preliminary proposed projects. Once this will be processed by the PSF, it could serve as a model for LGUs who may be interested to tap the PSF. . Formed institutional partnerships to facilitate collective actions. Both pilot sites pursued different approach for replication. The Provincial Government of Iloilo submitted a proposal for PSF support to build a Provincial Hub, while Cagayan Valley established a Consortium led by the Cagayan State University. Both efforts would scale up delivering support to localities to address impacts of climate change. These are also models wherein other regions/provinces could replicate. . Built a reliable technical support at the local level. The above-mentioned Provincial Hub and Consortium initially included project partners and is now expanding to include more partners at the local level.
The conduct and completion of risk assessment requires high technical skills/competencies. Thus, scaling up would entail further support on the following areas:
i. Build competencies of a reliable technical support at the local level, who can provide technical assistance ranging from the process of completing risk assessment to providing technological solutions to address identified gaps and implementation of adaptation measures ii. Establish data sharing protocols, which would allow data providers to make generated data accessible iii. Further develop automation of highly-technical processes necessary for CDRA formulation iv. Construct an interoperable platform serving as data repository as well as anchor for data, goods, and services from data providers wherein inputs of varying modes, characteristics, and formats, may be processed and analysed v. Decide on a quality assurance process to systematize and professionalize data generation and analytics processes vi. Provide redundancy mechanism for areas wherein internet connectivity is an issue vii. Safeguard security mechanisms to address issues on data privacy and integrity
While the processed data for visualizing shared-risks is open to the public, security measures are being put in place to protect data privacy and integrity, such as log-in credentials. In consideration of intermittent internet connectivity in isolated and disadvantaged areas, redundancy measures such as multiple back-up servers that can update data without internet connectivity, and afterwards sync with the nationwide cloud system once linked online are being envisioned.
While pilot municipalities/cities are being primed as ‘best-practice’ models, preliminary work at the provincial level for the necessary institutional arrangements is being discussed to prepare for a province-wide expansion. A broader picture of the possible behaviour of hazard and
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There are crucial next steps that are within the control of the Commission. It has initially approved and processed activities to complete the proposed end-to-end support system to be delivered to all localities. Moreover, the draft policy issuance to support risk-based adaptation is had already been tabled for deliberation. Coordination concerns with the NDRRMC to facilitate DRR-CCA can be pursued under the joint CCC-NDRRMC draft Memorandum of Agreement.
The Commission can opt to build on partnerships with ReBUILD academic partners, CSO, partner agencies and LGUs who are equipped and ready to assist in replicating the process. Regional institutions are also waiting to collaborate with the Commission to tighten link of DRR- CCA, particularly in making the process more systematic and in ensuring coordinated efforts in implementing capacity building among government institutions. NEDA is ready to help the Commission to replicate the roll-out of PSF, underscoring the need for risk assessment, to all planners in all regions and ARMM. Likewise, the UP, through its Resilience Institute is awaiting action from the Commission to implement studies that will address gaps of ReBUILD.
Below is a table summarizing the proposed ways forward, presented during various meetings and the January 2018 Project Board Meeting, to establish and end-to-end support system:
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Project Outputs and Action Institution Policy/Program Issue/s Proposed Way Forward Required Need to issue a policy to Commission to promote development of dynamic . Assisted in drafting shift culture of BAU) to a (not static) analysis employing impact models to Commission Resolutions future oriented and risk facilitate simulations using various climate change . Provided inputs for PDP based approach to scenarios formulation adaptation Operationalize PDP goal to shift from BAU to future-oriented or anticipatory planning by providing “what if” multi-scenarios Commission to issue policy encouraging the science community to develop models that capture “uncertainty” employing probabilities and likelihood of occurrence Commission to fulfil its mandate to provide a nationwide risk assessment and inform location specific climate vulnerabilities
NEDA Need for a basis to Draft policy to promote risk based adaptation Learnings from ReBUILD DILG determine appropriate National government to issue policy on the need applied to identify basic NDRRMC adaptation measures to support localities and provide them the tools support needed by they need to conduct and complete location- localities to accomplish specific risk assessment their risk assessment Pursue the CCC-NDRRMC collaboration to work Coordinated with NEDA to on DRR-CCA concerns help in PSF rollout with emphasis on ensuring that proposals addressed problems identified in the 0risk assessment
HLURB Need to review the Suggest that computation be made for actual Discussed with NEDA and NDRRMC methodology in factor for fatality for each LGU instead of using was informed that this NEDA calculating for fatality the standard value suggested by the NEDA (factor of fatality) is no guidelines. This may be possible if LGUs have a longer used if LGUs have good database (historical) on deaths and affected local data population per extreme event
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Project Outputs and Action Institution Policy/Program Issue/s Proposed Way Forward Required Discuss with NEDA regarding the possibility of Commission can provide adjusting the factor for fatality possible policy issuance
HLURB Need to review the Present several disaster risk assessment (DRA) Discussed areas of CCC calculation and scoring of calculation methods to HLURB. HLURB will concern with HLURB VI NDRRMC exposure and sensitivity review these and raise it to their internal team for HLURB VI raised the issue NEDA based on the NDCC direction on this during their Memo No. 4 Series of planning session 1998 Commission can provide possible policy issuance or revision
HLURB Need to review the Suggest that analysis should focus on potential Initially discussed with CCC interpretation of results, loss, damages, and disruptions rather than scores HLURB VI and it was NDRRMC particularly “Low Risk” for vulnerability and risk agreed that this should be NEDA score as this may not be Suggest to align with AR5 recommendation for further discussed since given priority or may be risk assessment that it is important to evaluate Yolanda could have been ignored the widest possible range of impacts, including categorized as low risk (as low-probability outcomes with large probability or likelihood of consequences. occurrence is low) but HEIs to help the sectoral agencies in coming up consequences or potential with standard cost to valuate losses, damages, losses, damages and and disruption. disruption is huge
Commission can coordinate discuss the policy issue with the HLURB, NDRRMC, NEDA and come up with a joint policy issuance
HLURB Need to determine of While usual recommendation would be having Commission can coordinate CCC policy on (persistently) redundant facilities/ infrastructures, LGUs may the policy issue with the NDRRMC affected areas where not have the investment requirement for this. This HLURB, NDRRMC, NEDA
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Project Outputs and Action Institution Policy/Program Issue/s Proposed Way Forward Required DILG critical point facilities and may be where climate financing may step in. NEDA lifeline infrastructures are Explore possibility of PSF support to address located gaps in financing, especially when future scenarios are applied in risk assessment. Commission can review PSF HLURB may need to discuss this concern and policy and make it more provide guidelines, as this may be a regulation responsive to support risk issue based adaptation, ensuring NDRRMC may need to assess “persistent” that climate risks are affected critical point facilities and lifeline considered infrastructures and correlate this with funds for constant repairs
CCC-NPTE Need to remedy the Refer this to the NPTE for recommendation that is Commission can review and tedious process of aligned with the IPCC (global standards) consider providing policy calculating for thirty-six CCC to provide guidance on the future scenarios guidance on recommended (26) scenarios, without to be used for impact models. scenarios compromising results CCC-NPTE Need to provide guidance Refer this to the NPTE for recommendation that is Commission can review and on time slices to be used aligned with the IPCC (global standards) consider providing policy (2049 and 2079; 2050 and CCC to provide guidance on the future scenarios guidance on recommended 2100) to be used for impact models time slices to be used
CCC Need to standardize The assessment report should effectively convey Commission can tackle this HLURB presentation and key vital decision-oriented information with relevant institutions and DILG information of the Relevant agencies to agree on critical decision- draft a joint policy issuance NEDA (technical) assessment oriented information to be highlighted in the report NDRRMC report Agree on joint guidelines with relevant agencies to avoid confusion at the local level. It will also provide a united stand for the executive branch
Local Need to delineate the role Based on experience of RebUILD, HEIs can help Commission can coordinate Partners of HEI, Province, regional in completing the risk assessment, while the the policy concern with institutions in helping Provincial Government can foster better relevant institutions and draft a LGUs complete their coordination among provincial stakeholders in joint policy issuance
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Project Outputs and Action Institution Policy/Program Issue/s Proposed Way Forward Required climate vulnerability and building of a broader perspective of hazard disaster risk assessment characterization and its impacts to the locality Establish a formal mechanism for the collaboration
National Need to remedy LGUs Harmonization of requirement of national Commission can coordinate Partners confusion with different agencies from LGUs the policy concern with instruction and Delineate interventions to be provided and relevant institutions and draft a requirement from national outputs expected from LGUs by each agency to joint policy issuance agencies in the conduct of avoid duplication of activities at the local level climate vulnerability and Operationalize policy of data sharing, its protocol disaster risk assessment and interoperability so this can be a source to check progress for a given LGUs Formalize delineation of roles and specify outputs that will be delivered to LGUs to help them complete their climate vulnerability and disaster risk assessment LGUs Need to implement scaling Replicate ReBUILD’s Provincial Hub as a shared Presented to the (Province, up and address PDP facility to help LGUs generate, consolidate and Commissioners and City, target to complete the analyse data for risk assessment requested for further Municipality, nationwide risk Assist the Province of Iloilo and Cagayan State assistance Barangay); assessment University in their endeavour to replicate Assisted in developing River Basin ReBUILD proposal for possible PSF Management Assist both Jalaur and Cagayan River Basin support Councils; Management Councils to conduct their climate CSOs; vulnerability and disaster risk assessment Private Sector; HEIs; N/RLGA CCC Need to integrate the Commission to link the concern in its discussion ReBUILD requested the DILG results of the assessment with DILG regarding DILG’s request for quality Commission to provide NEDA in the formulation of plans assurance on moving into risk-based adaptation, additional support to HLURB and investment programs wherein future scenarios are considered in impact determine the gaps models to determine potential losses, damages, needing intervention and to
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Project Outputs and Action Institution Policy/Program Issue/s Proposed Way Forward Required and disruption address bottlenecks along Commission, together with process owners will the journey map for review current guidelines and ensure that risk- completing risk based approach is being employed. Use of assessment climate projections should be factored in simulating various scenarios Commission can coordinate There may be a need to review LCCAP with the relevant agencies on guidelines to ensure that future scenarios and how technical findings can be risks are captured (using various time slices), as integrated in the planning and this goes beyond the three and nine year cycle of programming exercise the local plans and investment program
NEDA Need for deeper Roll out should be replicated since it was able to: ReBUILD piloted two (2) CCC understanding on o help LGUs understand the importance of regional roll-out in DILG proposing climate change having a (climate change adjusted) future partnership with NEDA Sectoral adaptation measures to scenarios, and its application to do Regional Offices. It was Agencies access the PSF simulation using impact models and able to gather most of the HEIs determine potential consequences provincial/ municipal/ city o appreciate necessity of understanding planners possible hazard behaviour NEDA Central Office is (characterization), how it can impact their willing to help to replicate river system, and why coordinated this in all regions and in adaptation actions may be needed ARMM o Able to collaborate with development partners such as the Global Green Growth Commission can complete the Institute (GGGI). roll-out and at the same time educate partners on need for risk based adaptation to be more effective NEDA Need to establish a pool of Generate support from all stakeholders to During the roll-out, the CCC reliable technical support conduct risk assessment and determine impact LGUs showed respect for DILG to help LGUs analyse and that may affect the different sectors NEDA Regional Office. The Sectoral convert gaps identified to Involve the academic sector in the conduct of risk NEDA representatives Agencies adaptation proposal assessment and request them to focus their assured them that they are
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Final Project Report
Project Outputs and Action Institution Policy/Program Issue/s Proposed Way Forward Required HEIs research and development on technological willing to help them in solutions to augment nature based adaptation enhancing their proposal measures. as they provide orientation on project development.
Commission can coordinate with NEDA and relevant institutions to assist LGUs in crafting proposals for PSF using the result of their risk assessment Regional Sustainability and potential Review the potential of merging existing efforts NEDA CO and RO have Agencies for Regional GIS and working on accessibility issues to avoid already started HEIs Information Network duplication and foster “building on” for the region coordinating internally (RGIN) of Climate Risk and locality regarding their existing Information System for Harmonize existing systems/ platform to make it systems Planning (CRISP) to be interoperable merged into the GAP will be further developed as a tool for data Commission may coordinate Geospatial Analytics sharing and data processing with NEDA and relevant Platform (GAP) agencies that can provide data useful for risk assessment
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Final Project Report
Prepared by : Katherine D. Firmeza (Senior Program Coordinator)
Cleared/Approved by : Romell O. Cuenca (Project Director)
[Note: Since reporting should as much as possible be electronic for efficiency, signature is not required. The Report can be submitted by the Project Manager or the designated representative of the NPD via email]
ANNEXES
Annex 1: Combined Delivery Report Annex 2. Statement of Assets and Equipment Annex 3: Updated Audit follow up action plan
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