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The Interactions Between Barn Owls and Major Roads

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The Interactions Between Barn Owls and Major Roads The Interactions between Barn Owls and Major Roads: Informing Management and Mitigation RE-ENV-07004 April 2021 Prepared by BirdWatch Ireland TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IRELAND (TII) PUBLICATIONS About TII Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) is responsible for managing and improving the country’s national road and light rail networks. About TII Publications TII maintains an online suite of technical publications, which is managed through the TII Publications website. The contents of TII Publications is clearly split into ‘Standards’ and ‘Technical’ documentation. All documentation for implementation on TII schemes is collectively referred to as TII Publications (Standards), and all other documentation within the system is collectively referred to as TII Publications (Technical). Document Attributes Each document within TII Publications has a range of attributes associated with it, which allows for efficient access and retrieval of the document from the website. These attributes are also contained on the inside cover of each current document, for reference. TII Publication Title The Interactions between Barn Owls and Major Roads: Informing Management and Mitigation TII Publication Number RE-ENV-07004 Activity Research (RE) Document Set Technical Stream Environment (ENV) Publication Date April 2021 Document 07004 Historical N/A Number Reference TII Publications Website This document is part of the TII publications system all of which is available free of charge at http://www.tiipublications.ie. For more information on the TII Publications system or to access further TII Publications documentation, please refer to the TII Publications website. TII Authorisation and Contact Details This document has been authorised by the Director of Professional Services, Transport Infrastructure Ireland. For any further guidance on the TII Publications system, please contact the following: Contact: Standards and Research Section, Transport Infrastructure Ireland Postal Address: Parkgate Business Centre, Parkgate Street, Dublin 8, D08 DK10 Telephone: +353 1 646 3600 Email: [email protected] TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IRELAND (TII) PUBLICATIONS TII Publications Activity: Research (RE) Stream: Environment (ENV) The Interactions between Barn Owls and Major Roads: TII Publication Title: Informing Management and Mitigation TII Publication Number: RE-ENV-07004 Publication Date: April 2021 Set: Technical Contents 1. Barn Owl Mortality on Roads ..................................................................................... 5 2. The Factors which Influence Risk of Collision for Barn Owls on Major Roads ... 20 3. Motorway Verges as a Habitat for Small Mammals ................................................ 32 4. Barn Owl Distribution in Relation to Road Networks ............................................. 41 5. Individual Behaviour and Response of Barn Owls to Roads ................................ 57 6. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 82 7. Mitigation Recommendations .................................................................................. 84 8. Research Recommendations ................................................................................... 98 9. References ............................................................................................................... 101 ..................................................................................................................... 108 Page i TII Publications RE-ENV-07004 The Interactions between Barn Owls and Major Roads: Informing Management and Mitigation April 2021 Contents Table 1. Barn Owl Mortality on Roads ..................................................................................... 5 1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Methods .............................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 11 1.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 16 2. The Factors which Influence Risk of Collision for Barn Owls on Major Roads ... 20 2.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 20 2.2 Methods ............................................................................................................ 22 2.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 25 2.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 28 3. Motorway Verges as a Habitat for Small Mammals ................................................ 32 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Methods ............................................................................................................ 33 3.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 36 3.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 38 4. Barn Owl Distribution in Relation to Road Networks ............................................. 41 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 41 4.2 Methods ............................................................................................................ 42 4.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 47 4.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 54 5. Individual Behaviour and Response of Barn Owls to Roads ................................ 57 5.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 57 5.2 Methods ............................................................................................................ 58 5.3 Results .............................................................................................................. 68 5.4 Discussion ........................................................................................................ 79 6. Conclusions ............................................................................................................... 82 7. Mitigation Recommendations .................................................................................. 84 8. Research Recommendations ................................................................................... 98 9. References ............................................................................................................... 101 ..................................................................................................................... 108 Page ii TII Publications RE-ENV-07004 The Interactions between Barn Owls and Major Roads: Informing Management and Mitigation April 2021 Acknowledgements Firstly, we wish to express our appreciation to Vincent O’Malley and Sarah-Jane Phelan of Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) who oversaw the project and provided support and guidance throughout. In TII, we also wish to thank Brendan Kennedy who assisted with mapping and provision of data, all TII staff who attended and inputted to project meetings and the workshop and who provided input on the mitigation recommendations including Eimear Fox, Stephen Byrne, and Christian Nea and also to Albert Daly for his support of this work, and Ruth Connolly who reviewed drafts and made improvements to this report. In the National Parks and Wildlife Service (NPWS), we would like to acknowledge Áine Lynch in particular, who assisted with fieldwork in County Tipperary and offered her expertise to the project design, methods and implementation. Elaine Keegan and Sean Breen assisted with fieldwork in County Limerick and Tipperary, and District Conservation Officers Stefan Jones and Cyril Saich supported the project and provided assistance with licensing. Thanks to David Tierney and Alyn Walsh of the Birds Unit of the NPWS and the Licensing Unit for recognising the importance of this work and for helping with the licensing procedures, and to Jez Blackburn at the British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) for his support, advice and expertise on tagging methods and to Chris Benson for his assistance with ringing operations. Carlo Catoni at TechnoSmart in Italy proved invaluable at the early stages of the project when deciding on the most appropriate Global Positioning System (GPS) dataloggers and methods, and the staff at TechnoSmart were always helpful and professional. We wish to extend our gratitude to Alex Roulin of the University of Lausanne in Switzerland, who provided advice from his vast experience of working with Barn Owls, and to Robin Séchaud and Ana Machado for their enthusiasm, the collaborations and exchange of research ideas. David Ramsden of the Barn Owl Trust kindly reviewed drafts of the report and provided invaluable comments from his extensive experience of Barn Owl research and conservation, which greatly improved
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