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UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Correlating Biological
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Correlating Biological Relationships, Social Inequality, and Population Movement among Prehistoric California Foragers: Ancient Human DNA Analysis from CA-SCL-38 (Yukisma Site). A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology by Cara Rachelle Monroe Committee in charge: Professor Michael A. Jochim, Chair Professor Lynn Gamble Professor Michael Glassow Adjunct Professor John R. Johnson September 2014 The dissertation of Cara Rachelle Monroe is approved. ____________________________________________ Lynn H. Gamble ____________________________________________ Michael A. Glassow ____________________________________________ John R. Johnson ____________________________________________ Michael A. Jochim, Committee Chair September 2014 Correlating Biological Relationships, Social Inequality, and Population Movement among Prehistoric California Foragers: Ancient Human DNA Analysis from CA-SCL-38 (Yukisma Site). Copyright © 2014 by Cara Rahelle Monroe iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completing this dissertation has been an intellectual journey filled with difficulties, but ultimately rewarding in unexpected ways. I am leaving graduate school, albeit later than expected, as a more dedicated and experienced scientist who has adopted a four field anthropological research approach. This was not only the result of the mentorships and the education I received from the University of California-Santa Barbara’s Anthropology department, but also from friends -
An Overview of Ohlone Culture by Robert Cartier
An Overview of Ohlone Culture By Robert Cartier In the 16th century, (prior to the arrival of the Spaniards), over 10,000 Indians lived in the central California coastal areas between Big Sur and the Golden Gate of San Francisco Bay. This group of Indians consisted of approximately forty different tribelets ranging in size from 100–250 members, and was scattered throughout the various ecological regions of the greater Bay Area (Kroeber, 1953). They did not consider themselves to be a part of a larger tribe, as did well- known Native American groups such as the Hopi, Navaho, or Cheyenne, but instead functioned independently of one another. Each group had a separate, distinctive name and its own leader, territory, and customs. Some tribelets were affiliated with neighbors, but only through common boundaries, inter-tribal marriage, trade, and general linguistic affinities. (Margolin, 1978). When the Spaniards and other explorers arrived, they were amazed at the variety and diversity of the tribes and languages that covered such a small area. In an attempt to classify these Indians into a large, encompassing group, they referred to the Bay Area Indians as "Costenos," meaning "coastal people." The name eventually changed to "Coastanoan" (Margolin, 1978). The Native American Indians of this area were referred to by this name for hundreds of years until descendants chose to call themselves Ohlones (origination uncertain). Utilizing hunting and gathering technology, the Ohlone relied on the relatively substantial supply of natural plant and animal life in the local environment. With the exception of the dog, we know of no plants or animals domesticated by the Ohlone. -
Exhibit a - Part 3
Exhibit A - Part 3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF ASSESSOR’S PARCEL NUMBER 002-354-027-000, 439 SOLEDAD STREET, SALINAS, MONTEREY COUNTY, CALIFORNIA 93905 NOVEMBER 2019 PREPARED FOR: R.L. Hastings & Associates, LLC 1765 Carson Road Placerville, CA 95667 PREPARED BY: Historic Resource Associates 2001 Sheffield Drive El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY I. Introduction and Project Description . 1 II. Regulatory and Evaluation Framework . 1 III. Cultural Setting . 3 A. Archaeology . 3 B. Ethnography . 4 C. History . 5 IV. Survey Methods and Field Inventory . 7 V. Significance Statement . 7 VI. Research Results . 7 VII. Recommendations . 7 VIII. Professional Qualifications . 7 IX. References . 8 ATTACHMENTS NWIC Record Search Archaeological Study of 439 Soledad Street, Salinas, CA November 2019 I. INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION The archaeological study of 439 Soledad Street, Salinas, Monterey County, California was requested by R. L. Hastings & Associates, LLC in order to comply with the National Environmental Quality Act (NEPA) and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) applying Section 106 regulations, as well as California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the City of Salinas regulatory guidelines regarding historic preservation. The project location is identified as Assessor's Parcel Number (APN) 002-354-027, and is depicted on the USGS 7.5' Salinas, California topographic quadrangle map. The project involves the demolition of the existing residence and construction of a new building on the subject parcel. The existing building on the property, built in 1938, was determined to be ineligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and the California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR). -
Chapter 2. Native Languages of West-Central California
Chapter 2. Native Languages of West-Central California This chapter discusses the native language spoken at Spanish contact by people who eventually moved to missions within Costanoan language family territories. No area in North America was more crowded with distinct languages and language families than central California at the time of Spanish contact. In the chapter we will examine the information that leads scholars to conclude the following key points: The local tribes of the San Francisco Peninsula spoke San Francisco Bay Costanoan, the native language of the central and southern San Francisco Bay Area and adjacent coastal and mountain areas. San Francisco Bay Costanoan is one of six languages of the Costanoan language family, along with Karkin, Awaswas, Mutsun, Rumsen, and Chalon. The Costanoan language family is itself a branch of the Utian language family, of which Miwokan is the only other branch. The Miwokan languages are Coast Miwok, Lake Miwok, Bay Miwok, Plains Miwok, Northern Sierra Miwok, Central Sierra Miwok, and Southern Sierra Miwok. Other languages spoken by native people who moved to Franciscan missions within Costanoan language family territories were Patwin (a Wintuan Family language), Delta and Northern Valley Yokuts (Yokutsan family languages), Esselen (a language isolate) and Wappo (a Yukian family language). Below, we will first present a history of the study of the native languages within our maximal study area, with emphasis on the Costanoan languages. In succeeding sections, we will talk about the degree to which Costanoan language variation is clinal or abrupt, the amount of difference among dialects necessary to call them different languages, and the relationship of the Costanoan languages to the Miwokan languages within the Utian Family. -
Ohlone/Castanoan 1. Description 1.1 Name of Society, Language, And
Ohlone/Castanoan 1. Description 1.1 Name of society, language, and language family: Costanoan, Costanoan, belongs to the Penutian language family.” [14] Ohlone or Castanoan, Ohlone, Castanoan Family [3] There are eight Costanoan languages: Karkin, Ramaytush, Chochenyo, Temyen, Awaswas, Chalon, Mutsun, and Rumsen -- These languages come from the Utian language family of the Penutian language stock [4] 1.2 ISO code (3 letter code from ethnologue.com): 639-3 [1] 1.3 Location (latitude/longitude): 36.6315° N, 121.8813° W North central California, Monterrey and San Benito counties [1] “The Ohlone people lived in the area which now approximately covers San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Benito, and Monterey County.” [2] 1.4 Brief history: “In 1769, Carlos III, the king of Spain, sent Junipero Serra, a Franciscan priest, and Gaspar de Portola, a military commander, to lead an expedition to establish missions in what is now California. The missions were established for both religious and political reasons. The missionary plan was to teach the Native peoples how to be "civilized," for example: avoiding , eating with utensils, and most importantly, adopting the religion of Christianity. The missionaries believed that, through baptism, they were saving pagan souls from being put into hell for eternity. The original idea was that, after ten years of living in the missions, the Indians would become citizens of Spain (though this never happened). It was hoped that these citizens would then protect the new territory lands for Spain. In the 1820's, Mexico won its independence from Spain, California became Mexican territory, and California Natives became Mexican citizens. -
Supplemental Resources
Supplemental Resources By Beverly R. Ortiz, Ph.D. © 2015 East Bay Regional Park District • www.ebparks.org Supported in part by a grant from The Vinapa Foundation for Cross-Cultural Studies Ohlone Curriculum with Bay Miwok Content and Introduction to Delta Yokuts Supplemental Resources Table of Contents Teacher Resources Native American Versus American Indian ..................................................................... 1 Ohlone Curriculum American Indian Stereotypes .......................................................................................... 3 Miner’s Lettuce and Red Ants: The Evolution of a Story .............................................. 7 A Land of Many Villages and Tribes ............................................................................. 10 Other North American Indian Groups ............................................................................ 11 A Land of Many Languages ........................................................................................... 15 Sacred Places and Narratives .......................................................................................... 18 Generations of Knowledge: Sources ............................................................................... 22 Euro-American Interactions with Plants and Animals (1800s) .......................................... 23 Staple Foods: Acorns ........................................................................................................... 28 Other Plant Foods: Cultural Context .............................................................................. -
Diet and Identity Among the Ancestral Ohlone
DIET AND IDENTITY AMONG THE ANCESTRAL OHLONE: INTEGRATING STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS AND MORTUARY CONTEXT AT THE YUKISMA MOUND (CA-SCL-38) ____________ A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of California State University, Chico ____________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Anthropology ____________ by Karen Smith Gardner Spring 2013 DIET AND IDENTITY AMONG THE ANCESTRAL OHLONE: INTEGRATING STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS AND MORTUARY CONTEXT AT THE YUKISMA MOUND (CA-SCL-38) A Thesis by Karen Smith Gardner Spring 2013 APPROVED BY THE DEAN OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND VICE PROVOST FOR RESEARCH: _________________________________ Eun K. Park, Ph.D. APPROVED BY THE GRADUATE ADVISORY COMMITTEE: ______________________________ _________________________________ Guy Q. King, Ph.D. Eric Bartelink, Ph.D., Chair Graduate Coordinator _________________________________ Antoinette M. Martinez, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The process of completing this degree and writing this thesis has been a homecoming for me, returning me to the ideas and complexities of anthropology and to the rolling hills and valleys of Central California, where I grew up. First and foremost, I would like to thank Rosemary Cambra and the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe for your interest and support of this project. I am humbled by your trust in giving me this access to your past. It has been my honor to glimpse the lives of your ancestors. My thesis committee has been tremendously supportive. To Dr. Eric Bartelink and Dr. Antoinette Martinez, thank you for your patience and encouragement. Between you, you have provided me with a wonderful breadth of knowledge. Eric, as a pioneer of stable isotope analysis in Central California you have introduced new potential to the interpretation of the prehistoric past here, and passed this enthusiasm along to your students. -
Ritual and Religion in the Ohlone Cultural Area of Central California
RITUAL AND RELIGION IN THE OHLONE CULTURAL AREA OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Anthropology San José State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Douglas A. Jones December 2015 © 2015 Douglas A. Jones ALL RIGHTS RESERVED The Designated Thesis Committee Approves the Thesis Titled RITUAL AND RELIGION IN THE OHLONE CULTURAL AREA OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA by Douglas A. Jones APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY SAN JOSÉ STATE UNIVERSITY December 2015 Dr. Marco Meniketti Department of Anthropology Dr. Charlotte Sunseri Department of Anthropology Dr. Chuck Darrah Department of Anthropology ABSTRACT RITUAL AND RELIGION IN THE OHLONE CULTURAL AREA OF CENTRAL CALIFORNIA by Douglas A. Jones This thesis is an analysis of aspects of ritual and religion based upon reports from archaeological sites throughout the historical territory of the Native American peoples grouped by ethnographers under the term Ohlone, as well as other relevant sources of ethnographic, historical, and biographical information. Through research and review of recorded site documentation, as well as consultation with local archaeologists, three sites which clearly and extensively represent aspects of Ohlone religious life were identified and described in detail. This included type sites for mortuary practices, rock art, and cosmology/archaeoastronomy. The compilation and analysis of this material generated important information regarding an as-yet poorly understood aspect of prehistoric life in the Central California area, as well as potentially providing insight into the role of ritual and religion in California more generally. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people I would like to thank for their assistance in completing this thesis. -
An Incised Tablet from Northern California
UC Merced Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology Title An Incised Tablet from Northern California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dg3v1hm Journal Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology, 3(2) ISSN 0191-3557 Author Parkman, E. Breck Publication Date 1981-12-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California 286 JOURNAL OF CALIFORNIA AND GREAT BASIN ANTHROPOLOGY An Incised Tablet from Northern California E. BRECK PARKMAN An unusual incised tablet was discovered during an archaeological survey of Walpert *• V IW c Ridge, a remote section of the Alameda f ^^v (i ** ^V^ <" f County Ridgelands overlooking San Francisco ^ J•^yti f Bay (Parkman, Watts, and Eisenlauer 1978). •* 1 J'-X Ala-397 Location of the artifact's discovery has been recorded as Ala-397 with the California Arch o I V/A®,^ aeological Site Survey (Fig. 1). The tablet is composed of a medium o grained gray sandstone, and is encrusted with o a heavy growth of lichen. It is subrectangular in shape, measuring 47 cm. in length, 25 cm. 1 -»- > in width, and 5 cm. in thickness. Both sides of the tablet have been incised, with one side 1 receiving more attention than the other (Fig. 0 IS 30 1 1 1 2). Four very small cupules are located on the kllomatart more extensively modified side of the tablet. The cupules range in size from 0.5-0.9 cm. in Fig. 1. Location of Ala-397 in the eastern San Fran cisco Bay area. diameter, and 0.1-0.2 cm. -
The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay and Alcatraz
Colored Reflections - The Sixties, The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe Page 1 of 11 The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe Perspective The following was a paper presented by Rosemary Cambra, invited panalist and chair of the Muwekma Ohlone Tribe during last October's 30th anniversary of Alcatraz. Presently, Muwekma has a formal determination of "previous unambiguous Federal Recognition (as of May 24, 1996) by the Interior Department and is listed for Ready Status for Active Consideration in the Federal Register. Also Muwekma is named under the present bill sponsored by Congress George Miller to be reaffirmed as a Federally Recognized Tribe under the 106 Congress. The Muwekma Ohlone Tribe of the San Francisco Bay and Alcatraz and Angel Islands by Alan Leventhal (Tribal Ethnohistorian), Hank Alvarez (Tribal Councilman), Monica Arellano (Tribal Councilwoman), Carolyn M. Sullivan (Tribal Councilwoman), Concha Rodriguez (Tribal Councilwoman), and Rosemary Cambra (TribalChair) Introduction: Cultural and Geographical Landscape of the Muwekma Territory - 10,000 Years Ago to European Contact in 1769 Over ten thousand years ago, before the waters of the Pacific Ocean passed through the gap now spanned by the Golden Gate Bridge and filled the interior valley- basins, Alcatraz and Angel Islands were small mountain peaks which were later isolated by the encroaching sea water, the ancestors of the Muwekma Ohlone and the neighboring tribal groups had established their homes within this changing landscape. The people comprising these early tribal groups gave birth, hunted, fished, harvested a great diversity of seeds, fruits and vegetables, managed large tracts of land through selected burning, married, grew old and died within the greater San Francisco Bay region. -
Delta Narratives-Saving the Historical and Cultural Heritage of The
Delta Narratives: Saving the Historical and Cultural Heritage of The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Delta Narratives: Saving the Historical and Cultural Heritage of The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta A Report to the Delta Protection Commission Prepared by the Center for California Studies California State University, Sacramento August 1, 2015 Project Team Steve Boilard, CSU Sacramento, Project Director Robert Benedetti, CSU Sacramento, Co-Director Margit Aramburu, University of the Pacific, Co-Director Gregg Camfield, UC Merced Philip Garone, CSU Stanislaus Jennifer Helzer, CSU Stanislaus Reuben Smith, University of the Pacific William Swagerty, University of the Pacific Marcia Eymann, Center for Sacramento History Tod Ruhstaller, The Haggin Museum David Stuart, San Joaquin County Historical Museum Leigh Johnsen, San Joaquin County Historical Museum Dylan McDonald, Center for Sacramento History Michael Wurtz, University of the Pacific Blake Roberts, Delta Protection Commission Margo Lentz-Meyer, Capitol Campus Public History Program, CSU Sacramento Those wishing to cite this report should use the following format: Delta Protection Commission, Delta Narratives: Saving the Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, prepared by the Center for California Studies, California State University, Sacramento (West Sacramento: Delta Protection Commission, 2015). Those wishing to cite the scholarly essays in the appendix should adopt the following format: Author, "Title of Essay", in Delta Protection Commission, Delta Narratives: Saving the Historical and Cultural Heritage of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, prepared by the Center for California Studies, California State University, Sacramento (West Sacramento: Delta Protection Commission, 2015), appropriate page or pages. Cover Photo: Sign installed by Discover the Delta; art by Marty Stanley; Photo taken by Philip Garone. -
The Making of a Colonial Counterstory on an Elementary School Field Trip
Theory & Research in Social Education ISSN: 0093-3104 (Print) 2163-1654 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/utrs20 Visiting Chutchui: The making of a colonial counterstory on an elementary school field trip Harper Benjamin Keenan To cite this article: Harper Benjamin Keenan (2018): Visiting Chutchui: The making of a colonial counterstory on an elementary school field trip, Theory & Research in Social Education, DOI: 10.1080/00933104.2018.1542361 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2018.1542361 Published online: 04 Dec 2018. Submit your article to this journal View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=utrs20 THEORY & RESEARCH IN SOCIAL EDUCATION https://doi.org/10.1080/00933104.2018.1542361 Visiting Chutchui: The making of a colonial counterstory on an elementary school field trip Harper Benjamin Keenan Stanford University ABSTRACT KEYWORDS Children in the United States live in a land of many nations, with California missions; nearly 600 federally recognized Native American and Alaska Native elementary education; sovereign tribal nations and hundreds more not recognized by the Indigenous education; federal government. Although children often study U.S. colonial his- museum education; Native American history; school tory in elementary school, many non-Indigenous children may grow history up unaware of differences in how these coexisting nations under- stand colonial history. This study, presenting qualitative data from fourth grade field trips to a California Indian-led museum of colonial history, responds to the following research questions: What might the content and design of an Indigenous colonial counterstory look like in teaching young children about colonial history? What might an Indigenous counterstory offer to children’s historical learning in the U.S.