Toomas Hendrik Ilves
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List of Prime Ministers of Estonia
SNo Name Took office Left office Political party 1 Konstantin Päts 24-02 1918 26-11 1918 Rural League 2 Konstantin Päts 26-11 1918 08-05 1919 Rural League 3 Otto August Strandman 08-05 1919 18-11 1919 Estonian Labour Party 4 Jaan Tõnisson 18-11 1919 28-07 1920 Estonian People's Party 5 Ado Birk 28-07 1920 30-07 1920 Estonian People's Party 6 Jaan Tõnisson 30-07 1920 26-10 1920 Estonian People's Party 7 Ants Piip 26-10 1920 25-01 1921 Estonian Labour Party 8 Konstantin Päts 25-01 1921 21-11 1922 Farmers' Assemblies 9 Juhan Kukk 21-11 1922 02-08 1923 Estonian Labour Party 10 Konstantin Päts 02-08 1923 26-03 1924 Farmers' Assemblies 11 Friedrich Karl Akel 26-03 1924 16-12 1924 Christian People's Party 12 Jüri Jaakson 16-12 1924 15-12 1925 Estonian People's Party 13 Jaan Teemant 15-12 1925 23-07 1926 Farmers' Assemblies 14 Jaan Teemant 23-07 1926 04-03 1927 Farmers' Assemblies 15 Jaan Teemant 04-03 1927 09-12 1927 Farmers' Assemblies 16 Jaan Tõnisson 09-12 1927 04-121928 Estonian People's Party 17 August Rei 04-121928 09-07 1929 Estonian Socialist Workers' Party 18 Otto August Strandman 09-07 1929 12-02 1931 Estonian Labour Party 19 Konstantin Päts 12-02 1931 19-02 1932 Farmers' Assemblies 20 Jaan Teemant 19-02 1932 19-07 1932 Farmers' Assemblies 21 Karl August Einbund 19-07 1932 01-11 1932 Union of Settlers and Smallholders 22 Konstantin Päts 01-11 1932 18-05 1933 Union of Settlers and Smallholders 23 Jaan Tõnisson 18-05 1933 21-10 1933 National Centre Party 24 Konstantin Päts 21-10 1933 24-01 1934 Non-party 25 Konstantin Päts 24-01 1934 -
Implementation of the Recommendations of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities to Estonia, 1993-2001
Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg Wolfgang Zellner/Randolf Oberschmidt/Claus Neukirch (Eds.) Comparative Case Studies on the Effectiveness of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities Margit Sarv Integration by Reframing Legislation: Implementation of the Recommendations of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities to Estonia, 1993-2001 Working Paper 7 Wolfgang Zellner/Randolf Oberschmidt/Claus Neukirch (Eds.) Comparative Case Studies on the Effectiveness of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities Margit Sarv∗ Integration by Reframing Legislation: Implementation of the Recommendations of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities to Estonia, 1993-2001 CORE Working Paper 7 Hamburg 2002 ∗ Margit Sarv, M.Phil., studied Political Science at the Central European University in Budapest. Currently Ms. Sarv works as a researcher at the Institute of International and Social Studies in Tallinn. 2 Contents Editors' Preface 5 List of Abbreviations 6 Chapter 1. Introduction 8 Chapter 2. The Legacies of Soviet Rule: A Brief History of Estonian-Russian Relations up to 1991 11 Chapter 3. Estonia after Independence: The Radicalized Period from 1991 to 1994 19 3.1 From Privileges to Statelessness: The Citizenship Issue in Estonia in 1992 19 3.2 Estonia's Law on Citizenship and International Reactions 27 3.3 HCNM Recommendations on the Law on Citizenship of 1992 29 3.4 Language Training - the Double Responsibility Towards Naturalization and Integration 35 3.5 New Restrictions, -
Crols, Dirk (2006) from Tsarist Empire to League of Nations and from USSR to EU: Two Eras in the Construction of Baltic State Sovereignty
Crols, Dirk (2006) From Tsarist empire to League of Nations and from USSR to EU: two eras in the construction of Baltic state sovereignty. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2453/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] FROM TSARIST EMPIRE TO LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND FROM USSR TO EU: TWO ERAS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BALTIC STATE SOVEREIGNTY Thesis submitted by Dirk Crols to obtain the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Date of submission: 23 July 2006 Department of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow Supervisor: Dr. David Smith, Senior Lecturer, Department of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow. 1 ABSTRACT This thesis examines how the three Baltic countries constructed their internal and external sovereign statehood in the interwar period and the post Cold War era. Twice in one century, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were namely confronted with strongly divided multiethnic societies, requiring a bold and wide-ranging ethnic policy. In 1918 all three Baltic countries promised their minorities cultural autonomy. -
Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V a a D E VOLUME 16 NO 43 NOV 1- 7, 2006
Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V A A D E VOLUME 16 NO 43 NOV 1- 7, 2006 FOREIGN NEWS Formin: Estonia Ready to Continue Supporting Iraq Nov 7 - Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet met with Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al- Maliki and US ambassador to Iraq Zalmay Khalilzad. At both the meetings the focus was on the security situation in Iraq and the possible development scenarios. Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki said Estonia's military contribution to the improvement of the security situation in Iraq was important and expressed the hope that it was the first step on the path of the development of political and economic relations. Paet said that Estonia wanted to have closer relations with Iraq and extended to the Meeting of Estonian Foreign Minister Urmas Paet and Iraqi prime minister and foreign minister Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki invitations to visit Estonia. in Bagdhad, Nov 6, 2006 The Estonian foreign minister said that Estonia wanted Iraq to become a politically and economically stable, democratic and successful country. "We understand that the Iraqi government is facing a task of great complexity," Paet said. "We support the efforts of the Iraqi government to resolve the conflicts between the various ethnic and religious groups and to involve them in a common national development process," he added. The Estonian foreign minister said that it was important that talks between the European Union and Iraq over a trade and economic cooperation agreement should open soon. "International trade and economic cooperation makes it possible to stabilize the situation in Iraq, as this would improve the living standards of the people," Paet said. -
Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe 2/2008
A Plan for the Future? The Estonian State Integration Programme on National Minorities 2000-2007 Malte Brosig Events surrounding the replacement of a Soviet bronze statue in spring 2007 in Tallinn and subsequent international tensions between the EU and Russia marked a low point in inter- ethnic relations between Russian-speakers in Estonia and ethnic Estonians in recent years. This raises the question of how successful current integration efforts directed towards Russian-speakers have actually been. The paper analyses the development of the Estonian State Integration Programme (SIP) 2000-2007 from its earliest moments in the 1990s to its current form. It is argued that although its theoretical basis is well grounded, the programme does not account for minority integration needs systematically. Instead it follows a unidirectional action-plan, targeting Russian-speakers without a prior needs-assessment at grass-root level and insufficient minority participation during the drafting and implementation period. Furthermore, the paper highlights the influence the legal-restorationist concept maintains on the implementation of the SIP which partly has the effect of re-enforcing inter- ethnic alienation. Introduction In April 2007 a Red Army bronze soldier statue in Tallinn‟s city centre was removed and placed in a cemetery outside to town centre. Two nights of street riots by the Russian-speaking youth in Tallinn followed. The bronze soldier controversy had already existed for some years before its relocation. But the mobilisation of the Russian-speaking community against its removal and the subsequent street battles with police forces were unseen in the recent history of the country and echo events in 1993 when the so-called Alien Crisis hit the country and ethnic tension was tangible. -
101 Biographies
101 BIOGRAPHIES The 13th Riigikogu January 1, 2018 Tallinn 2018 Compiled on the basis of questionnaires completed by members of the Riigikogu Reviewed semi-annually Compiled by Gerli Eero, Rita Hillermaa and Lii Suurpalu Translated by the Chancellery of the Riigikogu Cover by Tuuli Aule Layout by Margit Plink Photos by Erik Peinar Copyright: Chancellery of the Riigikogu, National Library of Estonia CONTENTS 3 Members of the 13th Riigikogu 114 Members of the Riigikogu by Constituency 117 Members of the Riigikogu by Faction 120 Members of the Riigikogu by Committee 124 List of Riigikogus 125 Members of the Riigikogu Whose Mandate Has Been Suspended or Has Terminated 161 Abbreviations and Select Glossary 2 MEMBERS OF THE 13TH RIIGIKOGU MEMBERS OF Arto Aas Urmas Kruuse Marko Pomerants Jüri Adams Tarmo Kruusimäe Heidy Purga th THE 13 RIIGIKOGU Raivo Aeg Kalvi Kõva Raivo Põldaru Yoko Alender Külliki Kübarsepp Henn Põlluaas January 1, 2018 Andres Ammas Helmen Kütt Laine Randjärv Krista Aru Ants Laaneots Valdo Randpere Maire Aunaste Kalle Laanet Rein Randver Deniss Boroditš Viktoria Ladõnskaja Martin Repinski Dmitri Dmitrijev Maris Lauri Taavi Rõivas Enn Eesmaa Heimar Lenk Kersti Sarapuu Peeter Ernits Jürgen Ligi Erki Savisaar Igor Gräzin Oudekki Loone Helir-Valdor Seeder Helmut Hallemaa Inara Luigas Sven Sester Hannes Hanso Lauri Luik Priit Sibul Monika Haukanõmm Ain Lutsepp Arno Sild Mart Helme Jaak Madison Mihhail Stalnuhhin Martin Helme Jaanus Marrandi Anne Sulling Andres Herkel Andres Metsoja Märt Sults Remo Holsmer Kristen Michal Aivar Sõerd -
XI Riigikogu Liikmete Registreerimine
Väljaandja: Vabariigi Valimiskomisjon Akti liik: otsus Teksti liik: algtekst Jõustumise kp: 27.03.2007 Avaldamismärge: RT I 2007, 26, 151 XI Riigikogu liikmete registreerimine Vastu võetud 24.03.2007 nr 81 Riigikogu valimise seaduse § 74 lõike 1 alusel Vabariigi Valimiskomisjon registreerib XI Riigikogu liikmed: Eesti Keskerakond 1. Jaak Aab 2. Enn Eesmaa 3. Eldar Efendijev 4. Helle Kalda 5. Valeri Korb 6. Jaan Kundla 7. Tiit Kuusmik 8. Kalle Laanet 9. Lauri Laasi 10. Heimar Lenk 11. Inara Luigas 12. Aadu Must 13. Kadri Must 14. Siiri Oviir 15. Nelli Privalova 16. Jüri Ratas 17. Rein Ratas 18. Mailis Reps 19. Arvo Sarapuu 20. Edgar Savisaar 21. Vilja Savisaar 22. Evelyn Sepp 23. Ain Seppik 24. Mihhail Stalnuhhin 25. Olga Sõtnik 26. Toivo Tootsen 27. Marika Tuus 28. Toomas Varek 29. Vladimir Velman Eesti Reformierakond 30. Rein Aidma 31. Andrus Ansip 32. Peep Aru 33. Hannes Astok 34. Meelis Atonen 35. Ivi Eenmaa 36. Igor Gräzin 37. Laine Jänes 38. Urmas Klaas 39. Tõnis Kõiv 40. Rein Lang 41. Margus Lepik 42. Jürgen Ligi 43. Väino Linde 44. Lauri Luik 45. Maret Maripuu 46. Silver Meikar 47. Kristen Michal 48. Kristiina Ojuland 49. Urmas Paet 50. Kalle Palling XI Riigikogu liikmete registreerimine Leht 1 / 2 51. Keit Pentus 52. Jaanus Rahumägi 53. Mati Raidma 54. Rain Rosimannus 55. Paul-Eerik Rummo 56. Taavi Rõivas 57. Jaak Salumets 58. Imre Sooäär 59. Jaanus Tamkivi 60. Harri Õunapuu Erakond Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit 61. Jaak Aaviksoo 62. Ene Ergma 63. Andres Herkel 64. Kaia Iva 65. Tarmo Kõuts 66. Mart Laar 67. -
Eestis Toimuvad 7. Juunil 2009 Euroopa Parlamendi Valimised
Euroopa Parlamendi valimised AUSTRALIAN ESTONIAN WEEKLY “OUR HOME” Nr 16 (2927) LX I AASTAKÄIK Australia Post Printed Post Approved PP 231335/00058 Kolmapäev, 6. mai 2009 Eestis toimuvad 7. juunil 2009 Euroopa Parlamendi valimised Hea Eesti Valimiskomisjon registreeris kõik kodanik! eurovalimiste kandidaadid 7. juunil toimuvad Euroopa Vabariigi valimiskomisjon registreeris esmaspäeval kõik Euroopa Parlamendi valimised. Eesti ko- Parlamendi valimistel osaleda soovivad 101 kandidaati ning selgitas danikel on teist korda võimalik liisuheitmisega välja nimekirjade ja üksikkandidaatide järjestuse. osaleda kogu Euroopa tuleviku 12-liikmelise nimekirjaga lähevad valimistele kõik parlamendipar- kujundamises. Eestist valitakse teid: Reformierakond, Keskerakond, Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit, Sot- kuus Euroopa Parlamendi liiget siaaldemokraatlik Erakond, Eestimaa Rohelised ja Rahvaliit. Riigiko- ametiajaga viis aastat. Nen- gus esindamata Eestimaa Ühendatud Vasakpartei, Vene Erakond del valimistel on Sul võimalus Eestis ja Libertas Eesti Erakond osalevad valimistel kuue, Kristlikud mõjutada mitte ainult enda või Demokraadid kolme ja Põllumeeste Kogu kahe kandidaadiga. oma lähedaste elu-olu Eestis, Euroopa Parlamendi valimised toimuvad Eestis 7. juunil su- vaid ka teistes Euroopa Liidu letud nimekirjade alusel, mis tähendab, et hääli saab anda va- liikmesriikides. limistel osalevatele üksikkandidaatidele või erakondadele ning Tean, et hääletamine välis- nimekirjas osutuvad valituks erakonna eesotsas olijad. maal on veidi keerulisem kui Eestist juunis -
ENUT News 3/1999
ENUT News 3/1999 Contents • Editor’s Note Papers presented at the seminar: • Why include women in politics? / Valve Kirsipuu • Where does political power reside? / Ilvi Cannon • Language and political power / Kristiina Ross • Legal framework for elections / Liina Tõnisson • Identifying Political Issues and Finding Solutions: Experiences from Finland / Anne Holli Workshop summaries: • How to handle media? • How to work together? • How to read legal texts? • How to identify local issues? • How to win elections? • Conferences and seminars • ENUT roundtable / Marika Truumure • Femina Baltica • Summer school • Other events • Library news • Visitors • Future plans • Estonian Women as Future Citizens in the EU : Preliminary draft of two-day Seminar, March, 2000 Editor’s Note This is the third issue of ENUT News. Our principal focus is on the May seminar ENUT sponsored in anticipation of the October local elections, and a concomitant analysis of the election returns from the perspective of women candidates. The one-day seminar, Estonian Women and Local Politics: Strategies and Tactics, was held on May 7, 1999 at the Tallinn Pedagogical University. The seminar After welcoming remarks by Mait Arvisto, the university’s rector, Population Minister Katrin Saks delivered a brief speech containing encouragement for women to be involved in politics. The morning plenum, chaired by ENUT Administrative Director Selve Ringmaa, included speakers who addressed the question of power relationships in language and politics, and the importance of knowing legal precepts in the conduct of elections. Panel discussion: incumbent women politicians shared their experiences with 1 the audience and gave practical suggestions on how to win elections. The afternoon plenum’s topic was identifying political issues and finding solutions, featuring speakers from Nordic countries. -
Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V a a D E VOLUME 16 NO 39 OCT 4 - 10, 2006
Estonian Review E E S T I R I N G V A A D E VOLUME 16 NO 39 OCT 4 - 10, 2006 ESTONIA’S NEW PRESIDENT SWORN IN Ilves: Estonia's Future Is in Its Citizens' Hands Oct 9 – In his inaugural address, President Toomas Hendrik Ilves said that by the end of his term, Estonia must become a state determined by all Estonians, with no vestiges remaining of the Soviet occupation. "In five years we should hand over to the first generation brought up in newly independent Estonia a state, which will look and perform as if there had never been any occupation, the president said before parliament. “Naturally, we cannot abolish fifty years of occupation. However, a generation – twenty years – is a period for us to judge whether we coped or not? Have we made Estonia greater, better, safer and more homelike?” Ilves said the Estonian state is the proactive creation of its citizens, not of foreign powers and international bodies. "At any given moment our country is a work of art created by us, citizens, not by Moscow, Brussels or the International Monetary Fund. No private individual, government, party or company has founded our country. It is we ourselves, each and every one of us, every day that boldly and surely have to shape Estonia." Ilves said that those to whom the people have entrusted leadership and responsibility must act for the sake of the citizens. He also spoke about coming to terms with the past. “If we would like to leave to the generation born in independent Estonia a mentally healthy state, we should not apply the past as a cudgel. -
28. Jaanuar 2021 | Eriväljaanne Toimetaja Annika Kald Juubel Tel 667 0111 2 Olelusvõitlus [email protected] 28
Juubel 28. jaanuar 2021 | Eriväljaanne toimetaja Annika Kald Juubel tel 667 0111 2 OLELUSVÕITLUS [email protected] 28. jaanuar 2021 Ausõna eest arvutikaup Ida-Euroopa pärapõrgusse Õnnega koos julgemad ja tugevamad jäävad ellu ka ettevõtlusmaastikul. Majandusliku edu saavutamine on samuti olelusvõitlus, kus leidub alati ebavõrdsust, Fine, mr Pillesaar, karmi konkurentsi ja poliitilist kägistamist. I decided to trust you, but make sure ANNIKA KALD “Ettevõtteid käivitada ja suureks kasvata- [email protected] da on raske töö, kaugelt raskem, kui enamik you will succeed. inimesi arvab. Minu suurim viga oli arvata- Lääne-Euroopa arvutitootja vasti see, et püüdsin liiga palju ise ära teha asepresident 90ndatel. Esitatud ning ei kaasanud varem ja rohkem kogenud nõudmist on Helmese omanik töötajaid ja partnereid. Rahaliselt ei olnud Jaan Pillesaar edukalt IT-firma Helmes asutaja ja suuromanik Jaan tol ajal ka võimalik palgata inimesi, kellel järginud. Pillesaar oli 30 aasta eest viimase kursuse oleks olemas olnud äri- ja juhtimise koge- tudeng, kui sõber kutsus teda kampa firmat mused mujalt maailmast. Ja raha omakor- Meenutus aastast 1999, kui Helmes asutama ja tema oli hea meelega nõus. Nad da ei saanud investoritelt tõsta, seda pidi ise oli Eesti IT-turul juba arvestatav tegija. alustasid IT-firmaga Helmes nullist, erasta- teenima. Seetõttu pidin kõike ise avastama, FOTOD: ÄRIPÄEV, RIIGIARHIIV mistes ei osaletud. igapäevaselt raha teenima, ja ettevõtte kas- Pillesaar meenutas üht kiiksuga lugu vatamine võttis seetõttu rohkem aega, kui 1990. aastast. Seda Lääne-Euroopa arvuti- tänapäeval harjutud on,” rääkis Pillesaar. mas perspektiivis ei saa kiiremat arengut, Meenutus aastast tootjat ei ole tema sõnul enam ammu ole- aga vundament ja pikk plaan on sul siis tu- 1995, kui Norma Tarkvara on lihtsalt nii põnev valdkond mas ja firma täpne nimi ei ütleks kellelegi gev,” märkis Käo. -
Candidate Party -- Estonia
Estonia1 Group in the Link to the Link to the party’s official Link to the National Parties European official Slogan Link to the detailed list site programme Parliament camaign site Õiged otsused http://www.irl.ee/ Pro Patria Union-Res http://www.ir raskel ajal! http://www.irl.ee/et/E et/EP- Publica (IRL)2 www.irl.ee/en l.ee/et/EP- (The good P- valimised/Program Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit valimised decision in valimised/Kandidaadid m hard times) Inimesed http://www.s eelkõige: uus http://www.sotsde Social Democratic Party otsdem.ee/ind suund http://www.sotsdem.ee m.ee/index.php?arti (SDE) ex.php?article Euroopale /index.php?article_id=9 www.sotsdem.ee cle_id=1162&img= Sotsiaaldemokraatlik _id=910&page (People first, 10&page=80&action=ar 1&page=80&action Erakond =80&action=a a new ticle& =article& rticle& direction for Europe) http://ep2009 .reform.ee/ind ex.php?utm_s Vali Euroopa ource=reform. tasemel Reform Party (RE) ee&utm_medi http://ep2009.refor http://ep2009.reform.e www.reform.ee tegijad! Eesti Reformierakond um=banner&u m.ee/programm e/kandidaadid (Choose your tm_content=a leaders) valeht&utm_c ampaign=ep2 009 1 Updated 27/05/09 2 The parties highlighted in blue are the governing parties Centre Party http://kesker http://www.keskerakon (K) www.keskerakond.ee akond.ee/tegij d.ee/eurovalimised/est Eesti Keskerakond ad / Vali uus http://rohelin http://roheline.erakond Greens http://roheline.era energia! www.roheline.erakond.ee e.erakond.ee/i .ee/index.php/Kandidaa (EER) kond.ee/images/d/ (Choose the ndex.php/Vali tide_%C3%BCleriiklik_