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Scanned Using Book Scancenter 5022 r. fpJl30BCQ1,. Bonoro.D:CK3JI ynKLta A History of the Gryazovets Zemstvo Post by Nikolai Sorokin By flipping through an old Chuchin zemstvo the Russian State Library in Moscow. The stamp catalog, we can get a good sense of how many information contained in those yearly reports about stamps were produced by each of the local county the ongoing operations of the Gryazovets zemstvo (uyezd) governments, known as zemstvos, in post creates an interesting and surprisingly complex Imperial Russia [1 ]. The majority of zemstvos were picture of how that county's postal system grew and moderate in their output. There were some evolved. It is the aim of this article to provide a look at champions, however, if we go by the highest catalog how that post developed during the more than 40 numbers for individual zemstovs: 95 for Poltava, 122 years of its existence and to tell a bit about the people for Gryazovets, and 150 for Bogorodsk. These local involved in its operation. It is a fascinating story that governments took such obvious advantage of the also shows how some counties within the provinces demand for zemstvo stamps that we would be of the Russian empire seized on the self-government justified in guessing that the services side of their opportunities afforded to themby theliberal Zemstvo postal operations were perhaps no more than a weak Reform laws instituted under Emperor Alexander II adjunctto the lucrative business of issuingstamps for in 1864. philatelists. Certainly there were profits to be made. We Cautious start know that from the well-documented example of Sessions of the Gryazovets county council Poltava postmaster Gan'ko's robust output [2] and were generally held once a year, opening at theend of from a contemporary writer's article dripping with September. The council's job was to apportion the sarcasm regarding the many varieties of Bogorodsk county budget among local government postage stamps [3]. But Gryazovets, a city name that responsibilities, such as veterinary and medical can be loosely translated as Mudville, has not services, including smallpox vaccinations; social aid attracted much interest or attention from postal services; schools; construction and repair of roads researchers despite its impressive array of stamps [4]. and bridges; disaster plans and their mitigation; and I've always wondered why the Gryazovets county any other issues that were of local importance. For the local government printed so many different stamps council's session in the fall of 1870, the zemstvo and how much actual work their post office did government staff provided a report regarding a between 1873 and 1913, the years of operation shown proposal to local county governments by the in zemstvo stamp catalogs. Vologda provincial council for creating a local A while ago curiosity got thebetter of me, and zemstvo postal service. County staff studied the with the help of a library specialist I was able to proposal and found it disadvantageous because of a acquire scans of more than 200 pages of Gryazovets number of central government post regulations that county council records from 1870-1914 that are kept at would have required local governments to provide 18 ROSSICA JOURNAL 168 I SPRING 2017 I WWW.ROSSICA.ORG numerous official services at no cost to the users, but government postal rate plus a 2-kopek zemstvo stamp at a price to the county. Staff advised against the idea fee. Deliveries of periodicals were to be at a 50-kopek and the council agreed. That was, however, a typical yearly flat rate, and deliveries of parcels up to a Russian "first no," which generally means "let's think maximum weight of 10 funt (later changed to 20 funt) about it." at 3 kopeks per funt (1 funt = 0.9 lb or 0.41 kg). They As a result, ongoing consideration was given concluded that such a zemstvo post would bring the to the creation of a local post during most of 1871. By county approximately 400 rubles per year, of which fall, when the county council met again, a very half would go to reimburse rural district detailed proposal was submitted regarding the administrations for their work. organization and operation of a local post and the The post's expenses would include hiring a services that it would provide. postmaster at a yearly salary of 300 rubles, two clerks The county staff had prepared well. They at 100 rubles each, and two postmen who would contacted the Gryazovets government post office to make one weekly round throughout the rural districts obtain information on the volume of outgoing and at a salary of 120 rubles each. The printing of various incomingmail at the county level thatwas handled by forms, stamps, and other documents was estimated at that post in Gryazovets. They made cost calculations 75 rubles, and a 100-ruble one-time expense was by estimating the income from ordinary mail added for weight scales, postal bags, and other tools deliveries, priced at 3 kopeks apiece, to and between of the trade. In sum, subtracting the 400 ruble income local rural district (volost) administrations. Mail sent from 815 rubles of regular expenses, the projected outside the county would be charged at the operating cost of a postal service for the zemstvo The information presented in this article was obtained jjf from consecutive yearly journals of the Gryazovets county � zemstvo council meetings. The title page shown here covers two 2- special ssessions that met on December 8, 1912, and March 18, --;,t 1913, as well as the regular session that took place in the fall of lliYPHAJibI 1913. The page shown below describes the changes in postal rates approved by the zemstvo council at its regular 1913 session. rP llSOBEIXKAro -189- Y'l:>3J1Hflro 3EMCKflrO C05Pflttrn 27 orr.1Gpa wtsA.f oPo••n aoaaoou.ao: yum.min d•J aap.1■ µt opoa:ol Gppecaou.nuia c11 6 IO 3-n :wa. • u�yun Yop,d n 6JlJ1&1t•J &wuo•J CoOpUla) 1pKMOTp•n ■ OCT Ill x•c.-N aono,.. 4PE3BblYAilHblXb CECClil awe npa♦w. B• IC40Jft81t JtOfO DUCrllOe.lelll l't&.lau :Jurua Y■pau BHIJ:a aeo61w•wn •-btn r,patw "" <'rl..Jaaau.\. uo uenn: 8 J18Ka61>R 1912 roJ1a 11 18 Map1a 1913 ro.11a, J. � ■eptCIU:lJ -...rnatr.11\. Otlp&.ltW.1\. Dltt1f\. hi.ao dl.U.aa,. uwri 3 ■01.-0,-n. uo 2. IOO.; 2. c, au nun- IJll'lcto 7 101.-6 aoa., a o'lepeAttou cecciu 1913 roAa ■-pero� ao oo• ■e :!. Sa DtpctWHJ .IHet\. IO Ctpuoia•• s,■-an npuo1wn.: a) .ao ao a aepu1on:, ucn.n 300 pyG. HJJ01-ate.n10 no l/i &OD. n p7611 I 0) Ul,UN 300 pf6. ero 1e1oarv1t,1ocn, 11 . a. 11ep1wn 300 pJOHI n1.a1 co 1/a 1. C'\ pJW� • n ocra.awtwn u.a.a.wn rQ.lOn, 6.nro• uwme 300 py6. oo 1/ •oa. c, pJc1J1. Pa■te ae. 611�0 yu:anoueao: lu 3a 11ot.d,1ua ape._. _. n cyut.1 AO :100 pJ6 ao 1/t I n py6ln. , r.cn• ,1,.u npuwmaen O'IU 10 6 pyO.ael, a uo­ 300 py6.aet, to to l(t0 CJMIIIW , •• Hll■&a()(.. .nw• oo ,,. L n py(illJf, porOtbUI'\ 1 l · n MkTH- uo, ,oue,10, HIIO K6Dp111..IUO, ttn, lllltlpa■-lp'\.WJI ooo.aan soo PJ6., AOt<nAAbl YnPABbl. 1u'\ 11 3 eepn.. , u UA0- TO uy:seo JD.U'l■'U. I p. 50 111., • ICJII DOCWJ.UUl',111 30 I p. to JOJ&U. ­ pnc.a11w,, 3e•.;1■-i. CoO"p;i­ auoc• Hm• 7 5 roo. trltol CJNNW 11, 16536 p. 1h OCTU1t n.1n 'IICTU'b npa41" 0tn11nn.' 6en. 1111•,rlnleuiJI. 10 DUHtlJiG irlll'f8Tennoe 1 npa 01'011111 Y11p1BA npaan1nn TR6.nnf, bOllllllWllll!OtQJIO CTRpWl'I Ta· �42 ,yll, Clltl, llfJ\Karv A-I.II pu4iu, a '1'3Ka:e 11 ,apnl)w C\ mn1t111111ion. 11111 ro,1.1, 8\ nnme,n, 1·tut U I011t.HIINJIO UO CM1n1i l 11,el,..IUH:tlMII Ynpa, HI u,,..,n.llM\· •AO•'li Yup.nw " oOpy,ni. UNIIH, oio ti. XOJ1toT18tn01r1o 06\. Kmult 11ppo-.u11!1L 101 no ruu1•1ec1oft cdrt 011u1a u, T. •· 8268 fl· 00101■1& a,. )915 l'OJJ? Ralutpl.J• 'l:at1'•1iA• • ' ••••• 1 I - I - ' - - �IOI IUPWM HU..• • • , , •, I I - - 1111 1n1uo • Be1tp11,ap••• 11:.lk"Hoe <w1p.,,_ 11n. - "larnN IU&l'IOI I� • • : I= - 1tatt...... J::UIIOO 11..a...c. • , , , -1-1-i I = = • i - - llue1avo auctW &tM:uno. Se.ttcun !6.1.IIIOlt\. COCT;\UHW c»tn1: I) ta p� ettcp■s•p· - - - - nan, D!llm 11, ropoJt 1),,-,n, I> CfW»t 207 p. 36 I. I 1) H• p<!· la■u.w1 �w n.r_, .u.pn..,. -,-t aol...,·11nrtu.1.. IM>lilTI ao■tm.eeil. •UTWl\. repo1uol aDTeAA-90 p. 1, L -'•• _ Upe.,.c:rauu .. pl>CIIOTJltaltI ,.,..p... ,lrit S.'ICDl'OCo6p .. ; ...... •)�.:-==-� - - - 'le91llU u-tn,1 Yapua 111'1en •een JO.man"� no 1Cerv ao ■■n ■c.• l)al;c:oa.Mn,,,. ·•• • 4 - - apam■aett:.I 298 py6Jel 09 son., UUIU ,, .... J1p11ol I IHttlU � -,.....a QI,f\W. ... l.. S1, pl<JOUJ"' MTf II 1914 rGn. t'fllf,CDtHJ» IOffJ I ft.fOfffll I • a) �tf-:.-:,•.�=--:.•.,,:� - •.., : f };� &G. o,., aaa'-Mfff• ,.,....,... ac.•oa•• no•nu M ..tc...flun.. • • . • . I =l - = ,,.,_.au,...... t I - Yiueoe 3e•e1oe Uo6P3nie w111y1md o,epuioA cec.ci•, 1uu7ma.n - • • ·• 1• - - ,IOUIJ.l, Yopaaw � onirron IJO c IOI D01T�, n aacia&oia caoan, ·�... "'.... "" ...D 1 ; r - , - % 1 - JOURNAL OF THE ROSSICA SOCIETY OF RUSSIAN PHILATELY I SPRING 2017 19 would be approximately400 rubles per year.
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