ACC JOURNAL XXVI 2/2020 Issue B Science of Economics TECHNICKÁ UNIVERZITA V LIBERCI HOCHSCHULE ZITTAU/GÖRLITZ INTERNATIONALES HOCHSCHULINSTITUT ZITTAU (TU DRESDEN) UNIWERSYTET EKONOMICZNY WE WROCŁAWIU WYDZIAŁ EKONOMII, ZARZĄDZANIA I TURYSTYKI W JELENIEJ GÓRZE Indexed in: Liberec – Zittau/Görlitz – Wrocław/Jelenia Góra © Technická univerzita v Liberci 2020 ISSN 1803-9782 (Print) ISSN 2571-0613 (Online) ACC JOURNAL je mezinárodní vědecký časopis, jehož vydavatelem je Technická univerzita v Liberci. Na jeho tvorbě se podílí čtyři vysoké školy sdružené v Akademickém koordinačním středisku v Euroregionu Nisa (ACC). Ročně vycházejí zpravidla tři čísla. ACC JOURNAL je periodikum publikující původní recenzované vědecké práce, vědecké studie, příspěvky ke konferencím a výzkumným projektům. První číslo obsahuje příspěvky zaměřené na oblast přírodních věd a techniky, druhé číslo je zaměřeno na oblast ekonomie, třetí číslo pojednává o tématech ze společenských věd. ACC JOURNAL má charakter recenzovaného časopisu. Jeho vydání navazuje na sborník „Vědecká pojednání“, který vycházel v letech 1995-2008. ACC JOURNAL is an international scientific journal. It is published by the Technical University of Liberec. Four universities united in the Academic Coordination Centre in the Euroregion Nisa participate in its production. There are usually three issues of the journal annually. ACC JOURNAL is a periodical publishing original reviewed scientific papers, scientific studies, papers presented at conferences, and findings of research projects. The first issue focuses on natural sciences and technology, the second issue deals with the science of economics, and the third issue contains findings from the area of social sciences. ACC JOURNAL is a reviewed one. It is building upon the tradition of the “Scientific Treatises” published between 1995 and 2008. Hlavní recenzenti (major reviewers): doc. Ing. Pavel Bachmann, Ph.D. University of Hradec Králové Faculty of Informatics and Management Czech Republic Ing. Martina Ortová, Ph.D. Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Economics and Management Norway Contents Research Articles eHealth in the European Union – Comparative Study .................................................... 7 Ing. Eva Ardielli, Ph.D. The Development of the Nonprofit Sector in Russian Regions: Main Challenges ...... 19 Anna Artamonova Evaluation of Application of New Decision-Making Methods in Selected Companies: The Use of Business Intelligence in Practice ................................................................... 29 Ing. Petra Kašparová Application of ARMA and GARCH Models on Time Series of Komerční Banka Stocks .................................................................................................................................. 41 Ing. Markéta Sedláková Readiness of Small and Medium Enterprises for Marketing Automation................... 54 Mgr. Tereza Semerádová, Ph.D.; Ing. Petr Weinlich, Ph.D. Systematic Literary Research On Safeguarding Economic Perspectives of Regional Enterprises in the Trinational Neisse Region...................................................................................................................... 70 Prof. Dr. Albrecht Löhr; Nataly Straßberger Sustainable Tourism Development – Analysis of Tourism Development in Kosovo .. 83 Dr. Alberta Tahiri; Dr. Idriz Kovaçi; Dr. Fari Bushi Excellent Dissertations Cluster Performance Management .................................................................................. 94 Ing. Natalie Pelloneová, Ph.D. List of Authors ................................................................................................................. 101 Guidelines for Contributors ........................................................................................... 102 Editorial Board ................................................................................................................ 103 5 5 Research Articles 6 6 ACC JOURNAL 2020, Volume 26, Issue 2 DOI: 10.15240/tul/004/2020-2-001 EHEALTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION – COMPARATIVE STUDY Eva Ardielli VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Economics, Department of Public Economics, Sokolská 33, 702 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic e-mail: [email protected] Abstract eHealth is one of the global modern trends in IT, medicine and politics. It is a broad term that refers to electronization of healthcare and health services and mainly describes the use of information and communication technologies in healthcare. In practice, the evaluation of eHealth is an important matter because it leads to selection of appropriate measures for further progress in the field of electronic healthcare. What is more, it proposes recommendations for the development of eHealth in the EU countries. The article is focused on the comparison of eHealth implementation in the European Union member states. The analysis is performed by means of ELECTRE III method. The results of the empirical research further evaluate the state of eHealth implementation in all European Union member states by selected criteria and enable the comparison of the eHealth implementation in the international context. The results are verified by application of MAPPAC method. It has been acknowledged that the best ranking countries in this area has been obtained by Denmark, Finland, Estonia and Sweden. Keywords eHealth; ELECTRE III; Evaluation; EU countries. Introduction Nowadays, the right to healthcare is legally anchored in the constitutions of most democratic countries. Generally, healthcare is considered by society as a public good that should be available to everyone and in the same extent. It is an important and necessary element in the whole socio-economic sphere [16]. The quality health system is, together with good health of citizens, the priority of all developed countries. Healthcare has become one of the most important economic sectors in the last few decades. This tendency is reinforced by the fact that it is unconditional of all national residents and also by the fact that spending on health services has been rising in European Union countries in long term [21], [20]. The main reason of this trend is connected with the consequence of demographic change (ageing population) and the improvements in medical treatment in Europe. Another factor influencing the growth of expenditures in this area is in great extend the involvement of information and communication technologies (ICT). ICT implementation in healthcare is a rapidly evolving and expensive resort, which is why financial demand of healthcare is increasing [13]. eHealth and mHealth are well-known current concepts in the medical field of ICT [2]. eHealth appeared at the turn of the 20th to the 21st century. This abbreviation is analogous to concepts related to electronization in many other areas [22]. It represents mainly the health service supported by ICT [17], [1]. As a sub-segment of eHealth, mHealth, which stands for mobile health [14], emerged. The term is most commonly used in reference to using mobile communication devices, such as mobile phones, tablet computers and personal digital assistants (PDAs), and wearable devices such as smart watches, for health services, 7 7 information, and data collection [4]. eHealth has quickly become a symbol of the democratization of healthcare, as well as an opportunity to meet the challenges caused by an ageing society, the epidemic of non-communicable and chronic diseases and the dramatically rising costs of healthcare [3], [5]. 1 eHealth in the European Union ICT has become a truly revolutionary part of European healthcare in recent years. Although eHealth tools and services have been well established in many EU countries and commonly used today, individual healthcare facilities, hospitals, and physicians very often chose the best, individual system for themselves without any coordination. Thus, the implementation of eHealth in individual European member states is greatly fragmented and disparate nowadays. Therefore, the potential cross-system communication is here yet one of the main steps that can encourage and enhance the benefits of computerization. For this reason, the aim of the European Union health policy is to link and coordinate individual national eHealth projects. This effort is also a part of the eEurope Action Plan, approved in 2000 [9]. Coordination includes fast access to shared and remote medical expertise through telecommunication and information technology, no matter where the patient or relevant information is located [23]. In the European Union, where people are absolutely free to move to other EU member states, there is a need to engage in mutual communication that should ensure the highest standards of health care, wherever the patients are. The main aim is to build a common European eHealth space that will successfully solve this problem and thus become one of the main objectives of the European Commission’s work. In 2012, the eHealth-focused working group of European Commission produced a report on “Redesign of Health in Europe by 2020”, see [10], highlighting the major challenges that prevent the reorganization of European healthcare with the use of existing information technology [15]. The goals of the European Commission are mainly to improve citizens’ health by making health information available using digital health and care tools, including across border ones, to increase healthcare quality and access by making digital health and care part of health policy and coordinating