Downtown-Westside Baltimore HIA Report
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Health Impact Assessment of the Lexington Market Revitalization Initiative Prepared by: Baltimore City Health Department 6/13/13 Acknowledgements Primary Author: Keith Davis, MURP, Baltimore City Health Department Secondary Authors/Contributers: Sarah Morris-Compton, MPP, Baltimore City Health Department Aruna Chandran, M.D., M.P.H., Baltimore City Health Department Oxiris Barbot, M.D., Baltimore City Health Department Carlos Castillo-Salgado, MD, JD, MPH, DrPH, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Keshia Pollack, PhD, MPH, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Jonathan Heller, PhD, Human Impact Partners Sara Satinsky, MPH, MCRP, Human Impact Partners Sara Larson, RN, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Equity Matters Victoria Goddard-Truitt, PhD, The Results Based Facilitation Network With support from: Megan Suhoski, PhD, University of Pennsylvania Ruth Fesahazion, PhD, Baltimore City Health Department Baltimore City Health Department Baltimore City Department of Transportation Baltimore City Mayor’s Office of Economic & Neighborhood Development Baltimore City Mayor’s Office of Information Technology Baltimore City Planning Department Baltimore Development Corporation Baltimore City Cross Agency Health Taskforce The Annie E. Casey Foundation ***The project is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Healthy Community Design Initiative*** Abbreviations BCHD – Baltimore City Health Department CDC –Centers for Disease Control and Prevention DOT – Department of Transportation HB 2015 – Healthy Baltimore 2015 HIA – Health Impact Assessment HIAP – Health In All Policies HUD – U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development LEHD – Longitudinal Employer – Household Dynamics MTA – Metropolitan Transportation Authority PEQI – Pedestrian Environmental Quality Index SDOH – Social Determinants of Health UMB – University of Maryland, Baltimore 2. Contents Executive Summary.......................................................................... 5 Introduction The Case for Health Consideration ....................................... 9 Health In All Policies ............................................................. 10 Healthy Baltimore 2015 ........................................................ 11 Health Impact Assessment...................................................... 11 Lexington Market HIA ........................................................... 12 Lexington Market Context Study Area ............................................................................ 12 Historical Context ................................................................. 14 HIA Methodology Screening .............................................................................. 16 Scoping ................................................................................. 16 Assessment ........................................................................... 17 Recommendations ................................................................ 18 Results and Recommendations 1: Economic Opportunities.................................................. 20 Health Link ............................................................... 20 Existing Conditions ................................................ 20 Mixed-Income ....................................................... 22 Findings .................................................. 22 Recommendations .................................. 23 Mixed-Use ............................................................ 24 Findings .................................................. 24 Recommendations .................................. 25 Complete Streets ................................................... 26 Findings .................................................. 26 Recommendations .................................. 27 2: Multimodal Access ......................................................... 27 Health Link .......................................................... 28 Existing Conditions ............................................... 29 Mixed-Income...................................................... 29 Findings .................................................. 29 Recommendations .................................. 30 Mixed-Use ........................................................... 30 Findings .................................................. 30 Recommendations .................................. 31 Complete Streets .................................................. 32 Findings…………………………………….32 Recommendations .................................. 34 3. 3&4: Personal Security / Social Cohesion ............................... 35 Health Link .......................................................... 35 Existing Conditions ............................................... 35 Mixed-Income / Mixed-Use .................................. 36 Findings .................................................. 36 Recommendations .................................. 36 Complete Streets ................................................. 37 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 37 References ....................................................................................... 39 Appendix A. Recommendations/Monitoring Plan ............................. 44 Appendix B. Triple Bottom Line Sustainability Procurement Model ... 48 Appendix C. Scoping Methodology and Pathways ............................ 49 Appendix D. Community Survey ...................................................... 55 Appendix E. Pedestrian Environmental Quality Index ....................... 62 Appendix F. Map Gallery................................................................. 67 Facing east across the Study Area. University of Maryland in the foreground, Lexington Market on the hill, and the center city business district rising in the background. 4. Despite its amenities, the Lexington Executive Summary Market area suffers from high rates of violent crime1 and blight2. The Baltimore City Mayor’s Office has created a vision for the city’s In a recent community health downtown Lexington Market area, assessment conducted by the the commercial center of Baltimore’s Baltimore City Health Department Westside neighborhood, to stimulate (BCHD), the Community Statistical its growth and development. The Area that includes the Lexington goals include developing a mixed- Market area scored low on several income, mixed-use, pedestrian measures key to overall health and friendly neighborhood that will well-being. The goal of this Health attract reinvestment and become an Impact Assessment (HIA) is to identify amenity to the community and to the the potential health impacts of region. The Baltimore City Health creating a mixed-income, mixed-use, Department coordinated a Health pedestrian friendly Lexington Market Impact Assessment (HIA) of this area area and to align recommendations for Baltimore City. The results of the with current initiatives paving the HIA identify potential health impacts way toward reinvestments such as an of the redevelopment initiative and increased police presence and a inform future direction on how to comprehensive Lexington Market optimize the positive health interior renovation. The Lexington outcomes and mitigate negative Market Area Vision will serve as an health effects. outline directing the neighborhood’s infill and redevelopment. Site Context. The Lexington Market area is located in the center of Health Impact Assessment. HIAs are Baltimore’s historic commercial defined by the World Health district, located within the Westside Organization as "a combination of Neighborhood. The area is a procedures, methods, and tools by regional transit hub, with stops which a policy, program, or project serving the light rail, the subway, and may be judged as to its potential numerous bus routes. At the heart of effects on the health of a population, the neighborhood is the historic, still and the distribution of those effects operating, 140-stall Lexington within the population." To ensure Market. The Lexington Market area is that health is considered in the policy bordered by the University of process, HIAs aim for change at three Maryland post-graduate campus and distinct targets: the project, the medical system, the central business environment, and the decision district, and dense residential neighborhoods. 1 Violent crimes include homicide, rape, shooting, aggregated assault, robbery, and carjacking. 2 Source: Baltimore City Police Department. 5. making process. At the heart of the Results Summary. The HIA deliverable is a set of recommendations in this report add recommendations. These specific input and contextual support recommendations gain their strength and momentum by incorporating best evidence with stakeholder input Six Steps of a and participation. Each step of the Health Impact Assessment HIA process integrates ways to actively engage the community. 1. Screening. Determine the value and feasibility of conducting a Lexington Market Area HIA. This HIA Health Impact Assessment on a is directed at informing the Mayor’s specific project, policy, or plan. forthcoming Lexington Market Area 2. Scoping. Identify and narrow Vision. The Scoping Phase of the HIA down the health determinants to be began in spring of 2012 with a series considered. Develop research of community workshops designed to questions. Determine metrics. identify and prioritize stakeholder concerns regarding the potential 3. Assessment. Develop a profile