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Fights with the Ukrainians and the Polish---Soviet War Fights with the Ukrainians and the Polish---Soviet War Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Bibliografia: Manifest Józefa Piłsudskiego do ludności byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Absurdy Polski międzywojennej, oprac. Marek S. Fog, wybór Marek S. Fog. Fights with the Ukrainians and the Polish---Soviet War Bolshevik propaganda poster Source: domena publiczna. Link to the lesson You will learn to characterize the major events of 1918 and 1919 in eastern Poland; to describe the progress and the aftermath of the conflict with the Ukrainians in 1918–1919, initial fights with the Bolscheviks and the Kiev Offensive led by Józef Piłsudski; to recognize the elements of the Bolschevik tactics (establishment of the Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee in Białystok). Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe abstraktu. The re‐emerging Poland saw two concepts of the future Polish statehood: incorporation championed by Roman Dmowski and federation advocated by Józef Piłsudski. Attempts to draw the eastern border were initiated still during World War I. A conflict with the Ukrainians broke out in Galicia; the Ukrainians took Lviv and proclaimed the West Ukrainian People's Republic (ZUNR) (on the 1st of November 1918). The Poles managed to regain control of the city and force the Ukrainians off east of the Zbruch River. A cease‐fire between the conflicted sides was signed in September 1919. After the German forces' retreat early in 1919 from the eastern territories, the Bolshevik Army entered determined to achieve the vision of a world proletarian revolution. In April 1920, Józef Piłsudski entered into an alliance with the Ukrainian ataman, Symon Petlyura, and launched a joint offensive against the Red Army, ended with the capture of Kiev. A counteroffensive mounted by the Bolsheviks led to their win over the Poles, bringing them as far as to the outskirts of Warsaw. Task 1 Listen to the broadcast. How Józef Piłsudski thanked the residents of Lwów for their heroic defence of the city? Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe. “ The defense of Lviv "Eeglets"; defenders of Lwów Source: Wojciech Kossak, Biblioteka Narodowa, licencja: CC 0. The Polish-Ukrainian fights over Lwów broke out on 1 November 1918. The Ukrainian people, a negligible minority of the city inhabitants at the me, made claims to the territory of Galicia between the Zbruch and the San Rivers. They considered Lwów a Ukrainian city and felt that the Poles should retreat west of the San River. The acon came as a surprise to the Polish people, the great majority of Lwów inhabitants. Regular fighng ensued aer public buildings in the city were occupied by Ukrainian soldiers of the Austro-Hungarian Army and the rise of the West Ukrainian People's Republic was proclaimed. Members of Polish conspiracy organisaons responded by forming into units which were spontaneously joined by university students, young boy scouts, secondary school students and younger schoolchildren, or the famous „Lwów Eaglets”. Outnumbered, they fought heroically and sacrificially against the Ukrainian forces in November 1918, demonstrang exceponal patriosm and heroism. The Polish Army came to their aid, including the troops from Kraków under the command of the then Colonel Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski. Eaglets; defenders of the cemetery Source: Wojciech Kossak, domena publiczna. The defenders of Lwów only learnt from newspapers that Poland regained independence on 11 November 2018. The final bale for the city was fought on 21 November. Following heavy combat, on 22 November, the enre Lwów was already in the Polish hands. The troops of the Ukrainian Halych Army retreated from Lwów, starng the siege of the city. Hoslies connued, but faced with the offensive of the Polish Army, the Ukrainian forces gave up the siege and retreated on 22 May 1919. Those were the heroic days, but very tragic too, the local residents having suffered great losses. – „My men from Lwów, but Cracovians among them too, went into combat like for a dance, but the fight was tough”, said General Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski many years later talking to Radio Free Europe Polish Secon. The graves of the Lwów Eaglets are situated in the Lychakiv Cemetery, Lwów (now Lviv). In November 1920, on the 2nd anniversary of the Polish administraon taking over in Lwów, Marshal Józef Piłsudski made a visit to the city. He arrived to award it the highest Polish decoraon and the oldest military order, the Virtu Militari Cross. „Those several dozen days of struggle made Lwów a gallant soldier. Therefore, I, in my capacity as the Chief of State, whose role is to decorate the bravest of the brave and the boldest of the bold, have resolved that it is in my powers to confer the highest military disncon upon your city,” said Józef Piłsudski to the crowd of residents. The ceremony was staged in St. Mary's Square at the monument to Adam Mickiewicz. The Marshal decorated the escutcheon of the city's coat of arms. Unl World War II, Lwów remained the only Polish city to be awarded the Virtu Militari Order; Warsaw was the next. Source: The defense of Lviv, dostępny w internecie: hps://www.polskieradio.pl/39/156/Artykul/980851,Obrona-Lwowa- poszli-do-walki-jak-w-taniec oraz hps://www.polskieradio.pl/39/156/Artykul/729414,Orleta-Lwowskie-zawsze-wierne. Task 2 Assess Piłsudski's proposals included in his manifesto. Could the Lithuanians be interested in them? Provide arguments to support your case. Manifest Józefa Piłsudskiego do ludności byłego “ Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego Kraj Wasz od stu kilkudziesięciu lat nie zna swobody, uciskany przez wrogą przemoc rosyjską, niemiecką, bolszewicką – przemoc, która nie pytając ludności, narzucała jej obce wzory postępowania, krępujące wolę, często łamiące życie. Ten stan ciągłej niewoli, dobrze mi znanej osobiście, jako urodzonemu na tej nieszczęśliwej ziemi, raz nareszcie musi być zniesiony i raz wreszcie na tej ziemi, jakby przez Boga zapomnianej, musi zapanować swoboda i prawo wolnego, niczym nie skrępowanego wypowiedzenia się o dążeniach i potrzebach. Wojsko Polskie, które z sobą przyprowadziłem, dla wyrzucenia panowania gwałtu i przemocy, dla zniesienia rządów krajem wbrew woli ludności - wojsko niesie Wam wszystkim wolność i swobodę. Chcę dać Wam możność rozwiązania spraw wewnętrznych, narodowościowych i wyznaniowych, tak jak sami tego sobie życzyć będziecie, bez jakiegokolwiek gwałtu lub ucisku ze strony Polski. Source: Manifest Józefa Piłsudskiego do ludności byłego Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. Exercise 1 Which of the land cessions made to Poland by Petlyura were unacceptable to the Ukrainians, do you think? It was Lwów because the Ukrainians wanted to make it their capital. It was Vohlynia because of its fertile soils. It was Eastern Galicia because it had the largest Ukrainian population. Exercise 2 Look at the posters from the period of the Polish–Soviet War. Then decide which of them best corresponds to the joke of the day. Poster 1. The Commander-in-Chief and the Council of Naonal Defence call for all volunteers to enlist Source: licencja: CC 0. “ Absurdy Polski międzywojennej „Dwóch domorosłych polityków siedzi w kawiarni i rozmawia, jeden z nich trochę głuchy: – Słyszałem, że Polska od Wschodu podobna będzie do królestwa niebieskiego – bez granic. – ...Nic?... – Od Zachodu... – ... O tak, wiele zachodu! – Od Pólnocy zapewne morze. – ... Może... – Panie, a od Południa... – Od południa jesteśmy zwykle w cukierni Lourse’a”. Source: Absurdy Polski międzywojennej, oprac. Marek S. Fog, wybór Marek S. Fog. Choose the poster which best illustrates the joke: Poster 1 Poster 2 Poster 3 Keywords „Lwów Eaglets”, URL, Kiev Offensive Glossary „Lwów Eaglets” Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka. „Orlęta lwowskie” – młodzież zaangażowana w obronę Lwowa w 1918 roku. Spośród blisko 4 tyś. Polaków występujących z bronią w ręku w obronie Lwowa, ponad tysiąc nie przekroczyła 17. roku życia. ataman Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka. Ataman – kozacki przywódca pełniący funkcje polityczne i wojskowe. Defence of Lwów Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka. Obrona Lwowa – polsko‐ukraiński konflikt zbrojny o Lwów, trwający od 1 listopada 1918 do 22 maja 1919 roku, zakończony zniesieniem ukraińskiego okrążenia. Była jednym z frontów wojny polsko–ukraińskiej (1918–1919). Radio Free Europe Polish Secon Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka. Rozgłośnia Polska Radia Wolna Europa – działająca od maja 1952 do 30 czerwca 1994 w strukturze Radia Wolna Europa jej polskojęzyczna sekcja; w okresie PRL była najczęściej słuchanym i systematycznie zagłuszanym przez władze radiem zagranicznym. UNR Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka. URL – Ukraińska Republika Ludowa Kiev Offensive Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka. wyprawa kijowska – ofensywa Wojska Polskiego i armii Ukraińskiej Republiki Ludowej przeciwko Armii Czerwonej na Kijów w kwietniu 1920, podczas wojny polsko‐bolszewickiej. West Ukrainian People's Republic Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl Nagranie dźwiękowe słówka. Zachodnioukraińska Republika Ludowa – republika proklamowana we Lwowie (w Galicji wschodniej) przez Ukraińców w nocy z 31 października na 1 listopada 1918 roku, niezależna od URL. Lesson plan (Polish) Temat: Walki z Ukraińcami i wojna polsko‐bolszewicka Adresat Uczniowie
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    Part 2 of THE YEAR IN REVIEW pages 5-12 THEPublished U by theKRAINIAN Ukrainian National Association Inc., a fraternal W non-profit associationEEKLY Vol. LXXXI No. 3 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, JANUARY 20, 2013 $1/$2 in Ukraine New chair of Ukraine’s National Bank Mykhailo Horyn dies at 82 is another friend of the “family” Leading rights activist was a founder of Rukh Yanukovych vowed a “government of pro- by Zenon Zawada PARSIPPANY, N.J. – Mykhailo Horyn, Special to The Ukrainian Weekly fessionals” to replace what he alleged was an incompetent government under former a leading Ukrainian dissident during KYIV – The family business empire of Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, now the Soviet era and a human rights Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych imprisoned. That promise drew millions of activist who was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group and a retained its control of Ukraine’s central voters to cast their ballots for Mr. founder of Rukh, the Popular bank, critics said, when Parliament Yanukovych. Movement of Ukraine, died in the approved on January 11 the nomination of Yet Mr. Sorkin didn’t have any formal early morning hours of January 13 Ihor Sorkin, 45, as chair of the National financial education until 10 years after his after a serious illness. He was 82. Bank of Ukraine (NBU). first banking appointment, earning a mas- A Ukrainian patriot who worked Mr. Sorkin has long ties to Donbas busi- ter’s degree in banking from Donetsk tirelessly for freedom and human and ness clans, having earned his first banking National University in 2006.