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Debating BRICS

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Debating BRICS coleção EVENTOS Debating BRICS MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL RELATIONS Foreign Minister Ambassador Luiz Alberto Figueiredo Machado Secretary-General Ambassador Eduardo dos Santos ALEXANDRE DE GUSMÃO FOUNDATION President Ambassador José Vicente de Sá Pimentel Institute of Research on International Relations Director Ambassador Sérgio Eduardo Moreira Lima Center for Diplomatic History and Documents Director Ambassador Maurício E. Cortes Costa Editorial Board of the Alexandre de Gusmão Foundation President: Ambassador José Vicente de Sá Pimentel Members: Ambassador Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg Ambassador Jorio Dauster Magalhães Ambassador Gonçalo de Barros Carvalho e Mello Mourão Ambassador José Humberto de Brito Cruz Minister Luís Felipe Silvério Fortuna Professor Clodoaldo Bueno Professor Francisco Fernando Monteoliva Doratioto Professor José Flávio Sombra Saraiva The Alexandre de Gusmão Foundation (Funag) was established in 1971. It is a public foundation linked to the Ministry of External Relations whose goal is to provide civil society with information concerning the international scenario and aspects of the Brazilian diplomatic agenda. The Foundation’s mission is to foster awareness of the domestic public opinion with regard to international relations issues and Brazilian foreign policy. Debating BRICS Editor: José Vicente de Sá Pimentel Brasília – 2013 Copyright © Fundação Alexandre de Gusmão Ministério das Relações Exteriores Esplanada dos Ministérios, Bloco H Anexo II, Térreo, Sala 1 70170-900 Brasília-DF Telephones: +55 (61) 2030-6033/6034 Fax: +55 (61) 2030-9125 Website: www.funag.gov.br E-mail: [email protected] Editorial Staff: Eliane Miranda Paiva Fernanda Antunes Siqueira Gabriela Del Rio Rezende Guilherme Lucas Rodrigues Monteiro Jessé Nóbrega Cardoso Vanusa dos Santos Silva Graphic Design: Daniela Barbosa Layout: Gráfica e Editora Ideal Impresso no Brasil 2013 D286 Debating BRICS / José Vicente de sá Pimentel (editor). – Brasília : funag, 2013. 284 p. : il. – (Coleção eventos) ISBN: 978-85-7631-451-6 1. Agrupamento Brasil-Rússia-Índia-China-África do Sul (BRICS). 2. Agrupamento Brasil- -Rússia-Índia-China-África do Sul (BRICS) - cúpula. 3. Política internacional. 4. Política econômica internacional. 5. Relações exteriores - Brasil. I. Pimentel, José Vicente de Sá. II. Série. CDD 327 Bibliotecária responsável: Ledir dos Santos Pereira, CRB-1/776 Depósito Legal na Fundação Biblioteca Nacional conforme Lei n° 10.994, de 14/12/2004. FOREWORD Funag organized, on April 25, 2012, at Itamaraty Palace in Rio de Janeiro and on the following July 31 at FIESP headquarters, in São Paulo, two roundtables to discuss BRICS. The idea was to follow-up the debates among diplomats, academics and other opinion makers from different regions of Brazil that started with the seminar from which the book “Brazil, the BRICS and the International Agenda” was born. The first one dealt with the analysis of the Meeting of Ministers of Trade and the Fifth Summit of Heads of State and Government of the BRICS, held, respectively, on March 28 and 29, 2013, in the capital of India. Intellectuals from Russia, India, China and South Africa were also invited to the second round table, in order to hear the perceptions of academics from the other BRICS and to obtain, to the extent possible, suggestions on measures to strengthen cooperation among the five countries. I edited the transcripts of the discussants’ interventions. They make up the second and third parts of this book and in my view offer an expressive picture of the doubts and expectations that academics and journalists usually have about BRICS, followed by detailed explanations on the background of the negotiations among the five countries, provided directly by diplomats and other negotiators who participated in meetings of the group. The debates were intense and in my view very fruitful, especially for the diplomats, who were stimulated by some provocations, deepening their reflection and adjusting their aim in order to respond. The exercise clearly revealed a wide demand for information on the BRICS. Indeed, one recurrent recommendation during the sessions was for Itamaraty to make an effort to disseminate information on the objectives of Brazil with regard to this innovative external policy mechanism and also consider other measures to ensure support from civil society. That would be the recommended manner to broaden the success of the Sixth BRICS Summit to be hosted by Brazil in 2014. In order to facilitate the dissemination of information on the questions discussed, I added a third section to the book, in which the main interventions are summarized. I also tried to link up the issues in as linear a narrative as possible. The brief summary reproduces, in most cases verbatim, the words of the discussants. Having in mind that this publication represents a biblio- graphical reference for students, professors, media professionals, businessmen and others who may be interested in information about the BRICS, an annex reproduces the text of the communiqués by the Ministers of External Relations (May 16, 2008) and by the leaders (June 16, 2008) issued at the two first meetings, both held in Yekaterinburg, and those of the Declarations from the Summit held in Brasilia (April 15, 2010), Sanya (April 14, 2010) and New Delhi (March 29 2012). The fifth and last part of the book contains short bios of the participants in the seminars, to whom I renew the expressions of my gratitude for their contributions that ensure the quality and usefulness of this book. José Vicente de Sá Pimentel Ambassador, Funag’s President CONTENTS Roundtable at Itamaraty Palace 13 Rio de Janeiro, April 27, 2012 Roundtable at FIESP 103 São Paulo, July 31, 2012 Brief summary of the debates 177 Joint Communiqué of the Ministerial Meeting in Yekaterinburg 191 Yekaterinburg, Russia, May 16, 2008 Joint Statement of the BRIC Countries’ Leaders 197 Yekaterinburg, Russia, June 16, 2009 Joint Statement of the II Summit of Heads of State/Government 203 Brasilia, April 15, 2010 Joint Statement of the III Summit of Heads of State/Government 215 Sanya, China, April 14, 2011 Joint Statement of the IV Summit of Heads of State/Government 227 New Delhi, India, March 29, 2012 Participants in the Roundtables 245 ROUNDTABLE AT ITAMARATY PALACE RIO DE JANEIRO, APRIL 27, 2012 Ambassador José Vicente de Sá Pimentel – I am very glad to welcome all participants to this second stage of the exercise bringing together Itamaraty and academia to discuss BRICS and their importance to the international agenda. We held our first meeting at the headquarters of Alvares Penteado Foundation – FAAP – in São Paulo. The book with the texts prepared for that Roundtable was already published by FUNAG.1 I recall that one of the objectives of our exercise is to bring together the largest possible number of academics of the whole country and not only from the Rio-São Paulo-Brasilia axis. We have in the present Roundtable representatives of universities from the ABC, from the Amazon region, Ceara and Paraiba, among others. Representatives from Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais, Santa Catarina and other States were also invited but had last minute problems. They will certainly be with us in the next debates, since external policy issues are of keen interest to an increasingly larger number of the units in the Brazilian Federation. At the December 2011 meeting, in São Paulo, we discussed BRICS from a rather theoretical angle. The idea now is to examine pragmatically the results of the second Meeting of Ministers of Trade and of the Fifth Summit of Heads of Government of the BRICS, which were held, respectively, on March 28 and 29 of 2012 in New Delhi. I would like to propose that we focus our discussion on the outcome of these two meetings in India. 1 Brazil, BRICS and the International Agenda. Brasilia: Funag, 2012, p. 344. 13 Debating BRICS Roundtable at Itamaraty Palace At the next Roundtable, set for late next July, we shall debate the prospects for BRICS and will try to bring in foreign specialists, at least one representative from each of the other four BRICS. To kick off today’s exchanges among Brazilian government negotiators and academic analysts, we shall listen to a presentation from Ambassador Maria Edileuza Fontenele Reis, who participated in the Delhi Summit in her capacity as Under-Secretary for Political Affairs III and political Sherpa2 for BRICS at Itamaraty. Next, the Secretary for External Trade from the Ministry of Development, Industry and Commerce will speak about the meetings in which the BRICS Trade Ministers have participated, while Ambassador Carlos Márcio Cozendey, Secretary of International Affairs of the Ministry of Finance will deal with the state of the art in the main financial negotiations conducted by the five countries. After those three initial presentations I shall open the floor for pertinent questions, comments and suggestions. Ambassador Edileuza has the floor. Ambassador Maria Edileuza Fontenele Reis – I am extremely happy to be again with you, ladies and gentlemen, to discuss the fascinating issue of the BRICS. Thank you, Ambassador José Vicente, for organizing these meetings. I believe this debate with wide academic participation is exceedingly important in order to enable us to enrich our perceptions about this mechanism, still in the formative stage, in which, at each step, our leaders widen the areas of action, deepen dialogue and intensify cooperation. It is useful to repeat that BRICS is a very new mechanism; it is only three years old, since the count started from the 2 High-level official who heads a delegation responsible for meetings and conferences, chiefly in what regards the conduct of preparatory work before a Summit. Usually assisted by sub-sherpas, charged with specific subjects. TheSherpa assists the Head of State or the Minister of External Relations within the scope of his/her competence. 14 Debating BRICS Roundtable at Itamaraty Palace Yekaterinburg Summit, in June 2009. It is a mechanism that does not intend to be a geopolitical alliance nor an international organization.
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