Characterization of a Putative Ancestor of Coxsackievirus B5ᰔ Maria Gullberg,1 Conny Tolf,1 Nina Jonsson,1 Mick N
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, Oct. 2010, p. 9695–9708 Vol. 84, No. 19 0022-538X/10/$12.00 doi:10.1128/JVI.00071-10 Copyright © 2010, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Characterization of a Putative Ancestor of Coxsackievirus B5ᰔ Maria Gullberg,1 Conny Tolf,1 Nina Jonsson,1 Mick N. Mulders,2 Carita Savolainen-Kopra,3 Tapani Hovi,3 Marc Van Ranst,4 Philippe Lemey,4 Susan Hafenstein,5 and A. Michael Lindberg1* School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden1; Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands2; Department of Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control, National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland3; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium4; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 170335 Received 13 January 2010/Accepted 6 July 2010 Like other RNA viruses, coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) exists as circulating heterogeneous populations of genetic variants. In this study, we present the reconstruction and characterization of a probable ancestral virion of CVB5. Phylogenetic analyses based on capsid protein-encoding regions (the VP1 gene of 41 clinical isolates and the entire P1 region of eight clinical isolates) of CVB5 revealed two major cocirculating lineages. Ancestral capsid sequences were inferred from sequences of these contemporary CVB5 isolates by using maximum likelihood methods. By using Bayesian phylodynamic analysis, the inferred VP1 ancestral sequence dated back to 1854 (1807 to 1898). In order to study the properties of the putative ancestral capsid, the entire ancestral P1 sequence was synthesized de novo and inserted into the replicative backbone of an infectious CVB5 cDNA clone.
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