Asteraceae) and Their Allies from Turkey
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Nordic Journal of Botany 29: 26Á37, 2011 doi: 10.1111/j.1756-1051.2010.00811.x, # 2011 The Authors. Nordic Journal of Botany # 2011 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Arne Strid. Accepted 4 June 2010 Cirsium sivasicum sp. nov. and C. peshmenianum sp. nov. (Asteraceae) and their allies from Turkey Bayram Yıldız, Turan Arabacı, Tuncay Dirmenci and Sevcan C¸ elenk B. Yıldız, Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Balıkesir Univ., Balıkesir, Turkey. Á T. Arabacı ([email protected]), Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, I˙no¨nu¨ Univ., Malatya, Turkey. Á T. Dirmenci, Dept of Biology Education, Necatibey Education Faculty, Balıkesir Univ. Balıkesir, Turkey. Á S. C¸ elenk, Dept of Biology, Faculty of Science, Uludag˘ Univ., Bursa, Turkey. Two new species of Cirsium Mill. from east Anatolia (Turkey): C. sivasicum Yıldız, Arabacı & Dirmenci and C. peshmenianum YIldIz, Dirmenci & Arabacı, are described and illustrated. Both new species belong to C. sect. Epitrachys DC. (Asteraceae: Cardueae) and are closely related to C. rigidum DC., C. leuconeurum Boiss. & Hausskn. and C. karduchorum Petr. The differences between the new species and their allies are discussed and a diagnostic key is provided. A detailed description of a previously poorly known species, C. leuconeurum, is also provided. The pollen grain morphology of the new species and their allies were investigated with light and scanning electron microscopes. Based on the shape of the spines and the surface ornamentation, the pollen grains of the species were divided into 3 types: C. rigidum and C. sivasicum (type I), C. leuconeurum and C. pesmenianum (type II), C. karduchorum (type III). The genus Cirsium Mill. has approximately 250 species, species with affinities to C. rigidum DC., and specimens distributed in Eurasia, North America and northern and collected from Van province represent another previously eastern Africa, especially in wet waste grounds and steppes. undescribed species with affinities to C. leuconeurum Boiss. It is one of the largest genera of the subfamily Carduoideae, & Hausskn. and C. karduchorum Petr. The differences tribe Cynareae/Cardueae (Asteraceae) (Boissier 1875, between the new species and their allies are presented in Charadze 1963, Davis and Parris 1975, Werner 1976, detail in Table 1. Petrak 1979, Kadereit and Jeffrey 2007). According to recent studies, 61 species (75 taxa) are found in Turkey, of which 20 (25 taxa) are endemic. The Material and methods species are classified in three sections: C. sect. Epitrachys DC. (43 species), sect. Cirsium (17 species) and sect. The material on which this study is based were collected Cephalonoplos (Neck.) DC. (1 species) (Davis and Parris from east Anatolia (Artvin, Hakkari, Kahramanmaras¸, Sivas 1975, Davis et al. 1988, Gu¨ner et al. 2000, Das¸kın et al. and Van provinces) during revisionary studies of Turkish 2006, Y ld z and Dirmenci 2008, Y ld z et al. 2009a, ı ı ı ı Cirsium species between JunÁSep in the years 2006 to 2009 2009b). The pollen morphology has only been studied in (Fig. 1). In addition, Cirsium specimens collected from one or two species (Erdtman 1945). Turkey and neighbouring countries by many botanists and A still poorly known species, C. leuconeurum, was described in 1885 based on type specimens collected from deposited in the herbaria ANK, BM, E, EGE, G, GAZI, Mount Berit (Kahramanmaras¸) by Haussknecht. A second HUB, ISTE, ISTF, ISTO, K, W and WU have been fragmentary material was collected from Mount Ahır revised. Pertinent reference works from the literature were (Kahramanmaras¸) by G. Post. In recent years, the present used to identify the specimens (Boissier 1875, Somnier and authors have collected more material from the type locality Levier 1895, Petrak 1910, 1912, 1964, 1979, Charadze and from Ahır (Kahramanmaras¸) mountains. Some speci- 1963, Davis and Parris 1975, Huber-Morath 1980, 1982, mens have also been collected from Mount Engizek Sorger and Buchner 1983a, 1983b, Davis et al. 1988, (Kahramanmaras¸) by H. Duman. These specimens appar- Gu¨ner et al. 2000, O¨ zhatay et al. 2009). ently belong to C. leuconeurum, but more or less different Pollen grains were prepared for light microscopy from the type and an emended description of the species following the methods described by Wodehouse (1935). based on the specimens mentioned above is presented Samples were examined using light (LM) and scanning below. electron microscopes (SEM). The following parameters It is further concluded that specimens collected from were measured: polar axis (P), equatorial diameter Sivas province in Turkey belong to a previously undescribed (E), exine thickness, length and thickness of the spines. 26 Table 1. Comparison of diagnostic characters used to distinguish new species of Cirsium and allied species. Species C. rigidum C. sivasicum C. leuconeurum C. peshmenianum C. karduchorum Stem multi-stemmed from base, multi-stemmed from base, few stemmed from base, few stemmed from base, erect, few stemmed from base, erect, ascendingÁerect, 40Á80(Á100) cm, ascendingÁerect, 50Á100 cm, ascendingÁerect, 40Á80(Á100) cm, 100Á150 cm, with a few 75Á150 cm, with a few with a few branches above much branched much branched branches above branches above Basal leaves 15Á257Á10 cm (excluding 30Á4015Á27 cm (excluding 15Á3010Á15 cm (excluding ca 30Á4016Á20 cm (excluding 30Á4015Á20 cm (excluding 8Á10 cm petiole), glaucous 10Á15 cm petiole), green 5 cm petiole), green 10Á15 cm petiole), green 15Á20 cm petiole), glaucous Median leaves 7Á125Á7 cm, pinnatifid; apex of 30Á3514Á18 cm, pinnatisect; 7Á303Á10 cm, pinnatifid: lobes 10Á304Á18 cm, pinnatisect to 20Á4010Á20 cm, pinnatifid; lobes often rounded; apical spine lobes acute at apex: apical spine acute at apex: apical spine 2/3; lobes acute at apex; apical lobes acute at apex, apical to 15 mm 3Á10 mm 5Á15 mm spine 8Á18 mm spine 4Á14 mm Leaves indumentum glabrous to sparsely arachnoid sparsely arachnoid above, glabrous to sparsely arachnoid on glabrous to sparsely arachnoid glabrous to sparsely arachnoid above, glabrous beneath glabrous beneath both surfaces above, glabrous beneath above, glabrous beneath Involucral leaves shorter than involucre as long as or shorter than shorter or longer than involucre shorter than involucre much shorter than involucre involucre Involucre 20Á3020Á30 mm 20Á3030Á40 mm 20Á3020Á30 mm 15Á2515Á25 mm 25Á3020Á40 mm Phyllaries 8Á10-seriate 7Á9-seriate 7Á11-seriate 7Á11-seriate 11Á14-seriate Median phyllaries 12Á17 mm, with erecto-patent 10Á15 mm, with erecto-patent 10Á21 mm, with erecto-patent 10Á13 mm, with erecto-patent 17Á24 mm, with reflexed or (2Á)3Á5 mm apical spine 1Á3 mm apical spine 2Á6(Á8) mm apical spine 1Á3 mm apical spine recurved 5Á10 mm apical spine Corolla length (mm) 25Á30 27Á35 21Á30 23Á30(Á35) 25Á35 Pappus length (mm) 18Á26 22Á27 15Á25 13Á20 18Á22 Achene length (mm) 5.0Á5.5 7.5Á8.5 6.0Á8.5 5Á7 6.0Á7.5 Cirsium sivasicum 5-paired, unequally bifid, 7 sparsely arachnoid; lower surface glabrescent;0.5 lateral lobes 4 in outline, pinnatisect, spinose-strigose above with27 adpressed cm (excluding the 10 Type: differt. Cirsio rigido DC. affinis, a quoDC.) foliis basalibus 30 (1975) and Punt etThe al. pollen terminology (2007). generally followsFEG/PHILIPS Faegri and scanning Iversen electroncoated with microscope gold (Fig.(SEM), and 2 pollen examined grains2.0 using (Schols were an et placed al. XL-30scope. 2002). All directly ESEM- For of on the scanningmicrographs measurements electron the were were microscopy done stubs, taken usingE CARNOY with and an 10 for OlympusTwenty the measurements BX other per 51 parameters. populationIn Measurements were micro- taken and addition, for LM the P and quotients P/E were calculated (Table 2). nov. (Fig. 6B, 7B, 8D longitudinally striate, glabrous.ascending Basal leavesPerennial, multi-stemmed 30 from base. Stem 50 (holotype: ISTE, isotypes: G,1400 m GAZI, HUB, a.s.l., INU). eroded slopes, 18 Jul 2007, Y 1 (non glaucis), involucriacutis phyllis ad mediis oblongis, acuminatos spina (non apicali rotundis), foliis mediis viridibus 27 cm (petiolo excepto) (non 15 shorter than theinvolucral leaves involucre. 2 Capitula erect, 1 3 adpressed, glabrous, yellowish, 7 involucre 20 branch, 45 20 1.0 mm, margins spinulose-ciliate; upper cauline leaves to terminal lobes oblong, acute,sparsely with apical arachnoid; spine lower 3 0.5 surface glabrescent;line, lateral pinnatisect, ca and 3 the median 30 surface. Stem leaves diminishing from0.7 mm, base to inflorescence, marginsacuminate, with spinulose, a moderately veins stout apical prominent spine, 2 on lower including a week erecto-patent 3 spine; theoblong, inner including 20 0.2 an mm erecto-patent apical 1 spine; the median 10 ca 15 mmCorolla long. purple, Style 27 15 compressed, with a ca 0.53.0 mm long umbo, apex ringanthers yellow, 8 bilobed; filaments 4 Á Á 3 mm (non lanceolatis, spina apicali 3 5 mm, ovate to oblong, including a week Á Á Á 1.5 mm long setae, ca 2 per 2 mm square, otherwise 1.5 mm long setae, ca 2 per 2 mm square, otherwise 3.2 mm, obovate-oblong, brownish, asymmetric, 12 cm, large auriculate, completely clasping the stem; Turkey. B6 Sivas: Zara, 3 Á Á Á erect, stout, much branched, unwinged but 12 mm long, acuminate. Achenes 7.5 55 Á 30 Á 35 40 Á 30 4 cm long, linear-lanceolate, as long as or Á Á 35 mm long, lobed to 1/3 50 mm, sessile or pedunculate to 2 cm; 14 Y Á Á Á Á 40 mm, globose to ovoid; phyllaries ı 5-lobed, spinose-strigose above with 27 5 mm long, densely white hairy, Á ld Á Á F, 9B, 10B) ( 18 cm, oblong to obovate in out- 15 cm long petiole), green, oblong ı z, Arabac Á Á 2.5 18 mm long, exserted, shortly 13 Á 25 Á Á 3.0 mm, linear-lanceolate, 9-seriate, the outer 7 Á Á 1 4 4 km south of Bolucan, Á 7 3 cm, oblong, acute to ı Á 0.2 mm apical spine.