DOCSLIB.ORG

Fabricational Morphology of Oblique Ribs in Bivalves

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fabricational Morphology of Oblique Ribs in Bivalves JOURNALOFMORPHOLOGY254:195–209(2002) FabricationalMorphologyofObliqueRibsinBivalves AntonioG.Checa* DepartamentodeEstratigrafı´ayPaleontologı´a,FacultaddeCiencias,UniversidaddeGranada,18071Spain ABSTRACTTheformationofobliqueribsofbivalve PeriglyptaorChione),producingcancellateorna- shellsusuallyhasbeenattributedtoprocessesofreaction- mentation.Athirdkind,herecalledoblique,isless diffusionofmorphogensfromcelltocellatthemantle commonthantheothertwotypes.Obliqueribscan marginorneuralactivationandlateralinhibitioninthe bedefinedashavingdirectionsthatareintermedi- mantle.Inparticular,suchribsappearwithhighratesof lateraldiffusion.Nevertheless,theoreticalmodelsfailto atebetweenradialandcommarginal.Thesemay explaineitherpartiallyorwhollysomevarietiesofoblique reverttocommarginaltowardstheanteriororpos- ribs.Aftersurveyingthemodesofformationoftheshell teriorsidesoftheshell,orboth.Severalvarietiesare andobliqueribsbythebivalvemantleandassociated includedwithinthisgeneralterm(Fig.1).Therecan fabricationaldefects,Ihavedeterminedthatthemantleis beoneormorebranchesobliquetothemargin,in abletodevelopanelaboratebehaviorinordertodisplace whichcasetheterms“singleoblique”and“divari- theribinaparticulardirectionduringgrowth.Theman- cate”(i.e.,divergent)arerespectivelyapplied.Some- tlemarginis,therefore,notonlytheshell-secretingorgan, timesdivaricateribsarecomposedofdiscreteele- butalsothemainmorphogeneticunit.Inparticular,there mentsthatalternateoverconsecutivegrowth aretwomainfabricationalstrategies.Informswithstrict contactguidance(SCG)themantleisabletoprojectfar stages,producingadiscontinuouspattern.Most enoughbeyondtheshellmarginssoastofeelthealready obliqueribschangetheirdirectionprogressivelyto formedreliefsandtoalignnewgrowthincrementsofthe maintainaconstantanglewiththemargin.Excep- ribsintheappropriatedirections.Theshellmarginis tionstothisrulearestraightribs,whichcanbe alwaysstronglyreflected.Inbivalveswithreducedcontact definedassingleobliqueordivaricateribsthatfol- guidanceplusconstantlateralshift(RCG),themarginis lowastraightalignment.Therefore,theybeginas usuallyacuteandtheinformationaboutribsavailableto paralleltothemarginandprogressivelyanglewith themantleisreduced.Duringribconstructionthemantle growth.Thelastvarietyisantimarginal(sensu extrudesslightlyfromtheshelledgeandthenpushes Waller,1986).Theseribsdivergefromtheshellcen- laterallybymuscularaction;inthisway,thenewgrowth incrementoftheribisdisplacedlaterallyonasmallscale. tertoremainperpendicularoratahighangletothe Thecontact-guidancemodelissupportedalsobytheho- shellmarginthroughoutgrowth.Ribsofthiskind mogeneousstructureoftheshell-secretingmantle.From arealsopeculiarinbeinghighlyirregularindistri- themorphogeneticstandpoint,obliqueribsarerelatedto butionandmorphology.Contrarytotheothertypes, commarginalonesandbothdiffercompletelyfromother thispatternistaxonomicallyrestricted,beingexclu- ribbingpatternsofbivalves.J.Morphol.254:195–209, sivetotheOstreoideaandPlicatuloidea.Antimar- 2002. ©2002Wiley-Liss,Inc. ginalribsaremorphogeneticallydistinctfromother typesofobliqueribs(ChecaandJime´nez-Jime´nez, KEYWORDS:constructionalmorphology;morphogene- 1999)and,consequently,willnotbeincludedinthis sis;shellsculpture;obliqueribs;bivalves study. Obliqueribsarenotexclusivetoanysupraspecific taxon,withtheexceptionofsomegeneraofthe Bivalvesdisplayessentiallythreeribbingpat- Divaricellinae(Lucinoidea).Atotalof176Recent terns:radial,commarginal,andoblique.Radialribs speciesdisplayingobliquepatternshasbeenre- canbedefinedashelicospiralsthatconvergeto- cordedfromtheliteratureandfrommuseumspeci- wardstheumboandcorrespondtothegrowthtra- jectoriesofdefiniteportionsofthemantlespecial- izedforribsecretion(seebelow).Commarginalribs areparalleltothemarginandaresecretedbya Contractgrantsponsor:DGESIC(MEC);Contractgrantnumber: PB97-0790;Contractgrantsponsor:ResearchGroup(PAI,JA);Con- mantlethatextrudesperiodicallyallalongitsexten- tractgrantnumber:RNM-0178. sionabovethenormalshellprofile.Bothpatterns characterizelargegroupsofbivalves;forexample, *Correspondenceto:AntonioG.Checa,DepartamentodeEstrati- pectinids,arcoids,orcardiidsallhavetheradialas graf´ı ayPaleontolog´aı ,FacultaddeCiencias,Universidadde theonlyribbingpattern,whereascrassatellidsor Granada,AvenidaFuentenuevas/n,18071Granada,Spain. tellinidsdisplayexclusivelycommarginalribs.In E-mail:[email protected] someothergroups(Lucinidae,Veneridae,Psammo- Publishedonline00Month2002in biidae)bothradialandcommarginalribsmaycoex- WileyInterScience(www.interscience.wiley.com) ist,occasionallyonthesameshell(e.g.,speciesof DOI:10.1002/jmor.10028 ©2002WILEY-LISS,INC. 196 A.G. CHECA Fig. 1. Varieties of oblique ribs illustrated by selected bivalves. Single oblique and divaricate ribs maintain a more or less constant angle with respect to the shell margin, while in straight ribs this angle increases with size. The ribs of Tellina scobinata are discontinuous, composed of elements that alternate with growth episodes. Antimarginal ribs meet the shell margin transversely or at a high angle and are exclusive to the Ostreidae and Plicatulidae. mens, the taxonomic distribution of which is shown around Protobranchia, Palaeoheterodonta, and Het- in Figure 2. An uneven distribution appears among erodonta. At the superfamily level, the same applies subclasses and orders, most species clustering to Tellinoidea, Unionoidea, Veneroidea, Mytiloidea, Fig. 2. Distribution of oblique ribs and their mode of formation in Recent bivalve species with oblique ribs. Ostreina (ϩ Pectinina ϭ Ostreoida), with exclusively antimarginal ribs, are not included. Systematic arrangement after Beesley et al. (1998). RCG, reduced contact-guidance plus constant lateral shift; SCG, strict contact-guidance. FABRICATION OF OBLIQUE RIBS IN BIVALVES 197 and Lucinoidea, in descending order. This distribu- els based on activation sites have been used to ex- tion hardly reflects the fossil record of bivalves with plain rib and pigment patterns on the shells of mol- oblique ribs. Ongoing research indicates that the luscs (Lindsay, 1982a, b). Other explanations history of oblique ribs began in the Middle Ordovi- address the formation of biological patterns. cian with some Modiomorphoida (now extinct). The Reaction-diffusion mechanisms were originally put scanty Paleozoic record is composed primarily of forth by Turing (1952) and have been widely applied pholadomyoids, together with a few pectinoids, pte- to morphogenetic processes (e.g., Murray, 1981, rioids, and nuculoids. Pholadomyoids and particu- 1988; Meinhardt, 1982). The application of reaction- larly trigonioids (which have no Recent species with diffusion mechanisms to model shell patterns began oblique ribs) dominate the marine Mesozoic record, with Meinhardt (1984) and expanded the field of whereas in freshwater environments unionoids with theoretical modeling. These models are based on the divaricate ribs were already abundant by Late Cre- principle that secretion of a structure is initiated taceous times. The Cenozoic (post-Paleocene) saw when the concentration of an activator substance the substitution of older groups by veneroids (telli- reaches a certain concentration within a cell or noideans, lucinoideans, and veneroideans), nucu- group of cells. The activator has an autocatalytic loids (nuculoideans, nuculanoideans), and mytiloids feedback on its own production. Inhibition of activa- (mytilids), which progressively yielded the Recent tor production may come either from depletion of a distribution (Fig. 2). Therefore, the two Recent spe- substrate (activator precursor) or from the forma- cies of pholadomyoids with oblique ribs recorded are tion of an inhibitor, which is produced simulta- but the relict of a formerly flourishing group. neously with the activator (see Meinhardt and Oblique ribs of the asymmetric type (which indicates Klinger, 1987). Under some conditions, both the ac- an adaptation for faster and more efficient burrow- tivator and the substrate/inhibitor can diffuse from ing; see below) were absent during the Paleozoic and one cell to the neighboring ones, which, in this way, Mesozoic, but were the most common type during become “infested.” Therefore, the signal for the for- the Cenozoic. The Cenozoic radiation of bivalves mation of the structure (rib or pigment line) shifts with asymmetric oblique ribs appears to have had a laterally with time, moving along oblique directions. major ecological cause and resulted from an adapta- According to the neural model of Ermentrout et al. tion to either the Phanerozoic increase in the diver- (1986), the activity of pigment-secreting cells of the sity of durophagous predators (e.g., Vermeij, 1977) mantle is regulated by nervous impulses, through or the accelerating rate of sediment reworking the neural network that interconnects mantle inner- (Thayer, 1983). In conclusion, oblique ribs emerged vations with the central ganglion(s). Therefore, several times in unrelated groups of both epibenthic long-range interactions are possible. The model in- and endobenthic bivalves and, therefore, they can corporates short-range excitation and long-range in- hardly be used as a high-ranking systematic and hibition, typical of neural nets. An innovation with evolutionary character. respect to previous models is that receptor cells of Oblique (and, in particular, divaricate ribs) have the mantle are able to discriminate between pig- been studied from two well-defined perspectives: mented and nonpigmented areas of the already-laid- function and formation. Constructional morphology down shell, the former
Load more

Recommended publications
  • National Monitoring Program for Biodiversity and Non-Indigenous Species in Egypt
    UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAM MEDITERRANEAN ACTION PLAN REGIONAL ACTIVITY CENTRE FOR SPECIALLY PROTECTED AREAS National monitoring program for biodiversity and non-indigenous species in Egypt PROF. MOUSTAFA M. FOUDA April 2017 1 Study required and financed by: Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas Boulevard du Leader Yasser Arafat BP 337 1080 Tunis Cedex – Tunisie Responsible of the study: Mehdi Aissi, EcApMEDII Programme officer In charge of the study: Prof. Moustafa M. Fouda Mr. Mohamed Said Abdelwarith Mr. Mahmoud Fawzy Kamel Ministry of Environment, Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA) With the participation of: Name, qualification and original institution of all the participants in the study (field mission or participation of national institutions) 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS page Acknowledgements 4 Preamble 5 Chapter 1: Introduction 9 Chapter 2: Institutional and regulatory aspects 40 Chapter 3: Scientific Aspects 49 Chapter 4: Development of monitoring program 59 Chapter 5: Existing Monitoring Program in Egypt 91 1. Monitoring program for habitat mapping 103 2. Marine MAMMALS monitoring program 109 3. Marine Turtles Monitoring Program 115 4. Monitoring Program for Seabirds 118 5. Non-Indigenous Species Monitoring Program 123 Chapter 6: Implementation / Operational Plan 131 Selected References 133 Annexes 143 3 AKNOWLEGEMENTS We would like to thank RAC/ SPA and EU for providing financial and technical assistances to prepare this monitoring programme. The preparation of this programme was the result of several contacts and interviews with many stakeholders from Government, research institutions, NGOs and fishermen. The author would like to express thanks to all for their support. In addition; we would like to acknowledge all participants who attended the workshop and represented the following institutions: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION to USERS the Most Advanced Technology Has Been
    INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University M'ProCms International A Ben & Howe'' Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor Ml 40106-1346 USA 3-3 761-4 700 800 501 0600 Order Numb e r 9022566 S o m e aspects of the functional morphology of the shell of infaunal bivalves (Mollusca) Watters, George Thomas, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project
    High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00 For: The Department of Trade and Industry New & Renewable Energy Programme Report issued 30 August 2002 (Version with minor corrections 16 September 2002) Keith Hiscock, Harvey Tyler-Walters and Hugh Jones Reference: Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H. & Jones, H. 2002. High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project. Report from the Marine Biological Association to The Department of Trade and Industry New & Renewable Energy Programme. (AEA Technology, Environment Contract: W/35/00632/00/00.) Correspondence: Dr. K. Hiscock, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB. [email protected] High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments – marine habitats and species ii High level environmental screening study for offshore wind farm developments – marine habitats and species Title: High Level Environmental Screening Study for Offshore Wind Farm Developments – Marine Habitats and Species Project. Contract Report: W/35/00632/00/00. Client: Department of Trade and Industry (New & Renewable Energy Programme) Contract management: AEA Technology, Environment. Date of contract issue: 22/07/2002 Level of report issue: Final Confidentiality: Distribution at discretion of DTI before Consultation report published then no restriction. Distribution: Two copies and electronic file to DTI (Mr S. Payne, Offshore Renewables Planning). One copy to MBA library. Prepared by: Dr. K. Hiscock, Dr. H. Tyler-Walters & Hugh Jones Authorization: Project Director: Dr. Keith Hiscock Date: Signature: MBA Director: Prof. S. Hawkins Date: Signature: This report can be referred to as follows: Hiscock, K., Tyler-Walters, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Foot Abnormalities in Venericardia Antiquata and Venus Verrucosa from the Bizerte Lagoon Complex
    e Rese tur arc ul h c & a u D q e A v e f l o o Béjaoui et al., J Aquac Res Development 2016, 7:7 l p a m n Journal of Aquaculture r e u n DOI: 10.4172/2155-9546.1000434 o t J ISSN: 2155-9546 Research & Development Research Article OpenOpen Access Access Foot Abnormalities in Venericardia antiquata and Venus verrucosa from the Bizerte Lagoon Complex (Northern Tunisia): Hydrodynamics and Sediment Texture Inductions Jihen Maâtoug Béjaoui, Ferdaous Jaafar Kefi, Anwar Mleiki and Najoua Trigui El Menif* Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte (FSB), Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia Abstract The Examination of the soft part of the two bivalve species Venericardia antiquata (Linnaeus 1758) and Venus verrucosa (Linnaeus 1758), that occur together in northern coast of Tunisia, allowed us to discover for the first time the presence of morphological abnormalities affecting the foot of many individuals (annual rate of 31.6%). The presence of a developed byssus was also detected in some specimens of V. antiquata. A classification scale of this malformation, established depending on the degree of this anomaly, showed six initial types that evolve to form two or three feet, at the posterior and/or anterior sides of the animal. In order to determine the causes of this malformation, experiments of transplantation were carried out. Specimens of V. verrucosa collected from Zarzouna station were transplanted in Chaâra station which is characterized by low rate of malformations, low hydrodynamics and different sediment type and vice versa. Results revealed that foot malformations degree is highly correlated with both hydrodynamics and substrate type.
    [Show full text]
  • Donacidae - Bivalvia)
    Bolm. Zool., Univ. S. P aub 3:121-142, 1978 FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF DON AX HANLEY ANUS PHILIPPI 1847 (DONACIDAE - BIVALVIA) Walter Narchi Department o f Zoology University o f São Paulo, Brazil ABSTRACT Donax hanleyanus Philippi 1847 occurs throughout the southern half o f the Brazilian littoral. The main organ systems were studied in the living animal, particular attention being paid to the cilia­ ry feeding and cleasing mechanisms in the mantle cavity. The anatomy, functioning of the stomach and the ciliary sorting mechanisms are described. The stomach unlike that of almost all species of Donax and like the majority of the Tellinacea belongs to type V, as defined by Purchon, and could be regarded as advanced for the Donacidae. A general comparison has been made between the known species of Donax and some features of Iphigenia brasiliensis Lamarck 1818, also a donacid. INTRODUCTION Very little is known of donacid bivalves from the Brazilian littoral. Except for the publications of Narchi (1972; 1974) on Iphigenia brasiliensis and some ecological and adaptative features on Donax hanleyanus, all references to them are brief descrip­ tions of the shell and cheklists drawn up from systematic surveys. Beach clams of the genus Donax inhabit intertidal sandy shores in most parts of the world. Donax hanleyanus Philippi 1847 is one of four species occuring through­ out the Brazilian littoral. Its known range includes Espirito Santo State and the sou­ thern Atlantic shoreline down to Uruguay (Rios, 1975). According to Penchaszadeh & Olivier (1975) the species occur in the littoral of Argentina. 122 Walter Narchi The species is fairly common in São Paulo, Parana and Santa Catarina States whe­ re it is used as food by the coastal population (Goffeijé, 1950), and is known as “na- nini” It is known by the name “beguara” (Ihering, 1897) in the Iguape region, but not in S.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    Mediterranean Marine Science Vol. 9, 2008 Molluscan species of minor commercial interest in Hellenic seas: Distribution, exploitation and conservation status KATSANEVAKIS S. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra LEFKADITOU E. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources, Agios Kosmas, P.C. 16610, Elliniko, Athens GALINOU-MITSOUDI S. Fisheries & Aquaculture Technology, Alexander Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, 63200, Nea Moudania KOUTSOUBAS D. University of the Aegean, Department of Marine Science, University Hill, 81100 Mytilini ZENETOS A. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources, Agios Kosmas, P.C. 16610, Elliniko, Athens https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.145 Copyright © 2008 To cite this article: KATSANEVAKIS, S., LEFKADITOU, E., GALINOU-MITSOUDI, S., KOUTSOUBAS, D., & ZENETOS, A. (2008). Molluscan species of minor commercial interest in Hellenic seas: Distribution, exploitation and conservation status. Mediterranean Marine Science, 9(1), 77-118. doi:https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.145 http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 27/09/2021 17:44:35 | Review Article Mediterranean Marine Science Volume 9/1, 2008, 77-118 Molluscan species of minor commercial interest in Hellenic seas: Distribution, exploitation and conservation status S. KATSANEVAKIS1, E. LEFKADITOU1, S. GALINOU-MITSOUDI2, D. KOUTSOUBAS3 and A. ZENETOS1 1 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeographical Homogeneity in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. II
    Vol. 19: 75–84, 2013 AQUATIC BIOLOGY Published online September 4 doi: 10.3354/ab00521 Aquat Biol Biogeographical homogeneity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. II. Temporal variation in Lebanese bivalve biota Fabio Crocetta1,*, Ghazi Bitar2, Helmut Zibrowius3, Marco Oliverio4 1Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121, Napoli, Italy 2Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon 3Le Corbusier 644, 280 Boulevard Michelet, 13008 Marseille, France 4Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie ‘Charles Darwin’, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’, Viale dell’Università 32, 00185 Roma, Italy ABSTRACT: Lebanon (eastern Mediterranean Sea) is an area of particular biogeographic signifi- cance for studying the structure of eastern Mediterranean marine biodiversity and its recent changes. Based on literature records and original samples, we review here the knowledge of the Lebanese marine bivalve biota, tracing its changes during the last 170 yr. The updated checklist of bivalves of Lebanon yielded a total of 114 species (96 native and 18 alien taxa), accounting for ca. 26.5% of the known Mediterranean Bivalvia and thus representing a particularly poor fauna. Analysis of the 21 taxa historically described on Lebanese material only yielded 2 available names. Records of 24 species are new for the Lebanese fauna, and Lioberus ligneus is also a new record for the Mediterranean Sea. Comparisons between molluscan records by past (before 1950) and modern (after 1950) authors revealed temporal variations and qualitative modifications of the Lebanese bivalve fauna, mostly affected by the introduction of Erythraean species. The rate of recording of new alien species (evaluated in decades) revealed later first local arrivals (after 1900) than those observed for other eastern Mediterranean shores, while the peak in records in conjunc- tion with our samplings (1991 to 2010) emphasizes the need for increased field work to monitor their arrival and establishment.
    [Show full text]
  • Cop13 Prop. 35
    CoP13 Prop. 35 CONSIDERATION OF PROPOSALS FOR AMENDMENT OF APPENDICES I AND II A. Proposal Inclusion of Lithophaga lithophaga in Appendix II, in accordance with Article II, paragraph 2 (a). B. Proponents Italy and Slovenia (on behalf of the Member States of the European Community). C. Supporting statement Lithophaga lithophaga is an endolithic mussel from the family Mitilidae, which inhabits limestone rocks. This species needs specific substrate for its growth and owing to its particular biology (slow growing) it is not suitable for commercial breeding. L. lithophaga has a very distinctive and well known date-like appearance. L. lithophaga is distributed throughout the Mediterranean Sea. In the Atlantic Ocean it can be found on the Portugal coast and on the North African coast down to Senegal. It also inhabits the northern coast of Angola. The sole purpose of L. lithophaga exploitation is human consumption. It is known that the harvesting of the species from the wild for international trade has detrimental impact on the species. The collection of L. lithophaga for the purpose of trade poses a direct threat to this species due to the loss of its habitat. When L. lithophaga is harvested, the rocks it inhabits are broken into small pieces, often by very destructive methods such as pneumatic hammers and explosives. Broken rocks thus become unsuitable for colonisation by marine organisms. In addition to the direct threat to L. lithophaga, its collection reduces topographic heterogenity, macroalgal cover and epibiota. The destruction caused by L. lithophaga exploitation seriously affects littoral fish populations. The over-exploitation of L. lithophaga has caused important local ecological damage in many Mediterranean areas.
    [Show full text]
  • T.C. Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Orta
    T.C. ORDU ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ ORTA KARADENİZ’DEKİ MOLLUSCA FAUNASI VE KATALOGLANMASI MUSTAFA BİÇER Bu tez, Balıkçılık Teknolojisi Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalında Yüksek Lisans derecesi için hazırlanmıştır. ORDU 2014 TEZ BİLDİRİMİ Tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu tezin yazılmasında bilimsel ahlak kurallarına uyulduğunu, başkalarının eserlerinden yararlanılması durumunda bilimsel normlara uygun olarak atıfta bulunulduğunu, tezin içerdiği yenilik ve sonuçların başka bir yerden alınmadığını, kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir tahrifat yapılmadığını, tezin herhangi bir kısmının bu üniversite veya başka bir üniversitedeki başka bir tez çalışması olarak sunulmadığını beyan ederim. İmza Mustafa BİÇER Not: Bu tezde kullanılan özgün ve başka kaynaktan yapılan bildirişlerin, çizelge, şekil ve fotoğrafların kaynak gösterilmeden kullanımı, 5846 sayılı Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunundaki hükümlere tabidir. I ÖZET ORTA KARADENİZ’ DEKİ MOLLUSCA FAUNASI VE KATALOGLANMASI Mustafa BİÇER Ordu Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Balıkçılık Teknolojisi Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, 2014 Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 60s Danışman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Mehmet AYDIN Bu çalışma ile Orta Karadeniz’de birçok sayıda familya ve cins ile temsil edilen mollusca sınıfına ait türlerin Ordu İlindeki dağılımının belirlenmesi ve araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Mollusca türlerini tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, derinlikleri 0-25 m arasında değişen 14 istasyondan örneklemeler yapılmıştır. Araştırma mediolittoral bölgeden elle, dalarak ve el direcleri
    [Show full text]
  • Scacchi, Species Solecurtidae
    BASTERIA, 58: 35-40, 1994 Solecurtus multistriatus (Scacchi, 1835), a good marine bivalve species from the Mediterranean Sea (Bivalvia, Heterodonta: Solecurtidae) Paolo Mariottini 1 Istituto di Scienze Biochimiche, Universita di Parma, 1-43100 Parma, Italy Carlo Smriglio Via di Valle Aurelia 134, 1-00167 Rome, Italy & Cesare Ciommei Via Montebruno 12, 1-00168 Rome, Italy Solecurtus multistriatus (Scacchi, 1835) from the Mediterranean Sea is here reported as a bona fide species; the authors give additional data about its morphology, ecology and distribution. Key words: Bivalvia, Solecurtidae, Solecurtus, morphology, distribution, Mediterranean Sea, Italy. INTRODUCTION In the Mediterranean Sea the genus Solecurtus Blainville, 1824, is represented by three species: S. scopula (Turton, 1822), S. strigilatus (Linne, 1758) and S. multistriatus (Scacchi, 1835). The last taxon was based by Scacchi (1835) (and not Scacchi, 1834, according to Cretella et ah, 1992) on a fossil specimen collected near Gravina, Puglia (Italy). Here the original description is given: "Testa ovali-oblonga, subaequilatera, antice oblique striata, striis approximatis angulo acuto in/lexis. Lata lin. 8, alta lin. 3". In the description 'lin.' (which stands for linea) is a standard size unit. The one adopted by the authors of that time corresponded to 2.25 mm; but, in this case, it is also possible that 'linea' represents a local Sicilian size unit (1.8 mm) as reported by Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. (1986). The author clearly stated that this species differs from the fossil and Recent specimens of "Solene bianco del Renieri" candidus of S. and of [S. (Renier, 1804), synonym scopula] "Solene strigilato" (S. strigilatus) . Nowadays the status of S.
    [Show full text]
  • Reconnaître Les Principaux Bivalves Fouisseurs Ou Foreurs Au Moyen De Leurs Siphons
    Reconnaître les principaux bivalves fouisseurs ou foreurs au moyen de leurs siphons. 56 espèces Clé de détermination des 20 taxons les plus gros Yves MÜLLER Yves Müller Mai 2016 Reconnaître les principaux bivalves fouisseurs ou foreurs au moyen de leurs siphons. Dans la quasi-totalité des ouvrages traitant des mollusques lamellibranches (ou mollusques bivalves), ce sont les coquilles qui sont décrites (la conchyologie) avec principalement la description des charnières pour la classification. Pour les parties molles (la malacologie) ce sont les branchies qui sont utilisées. Ce qui n’est pas très accessible au plongeur même photographe ! Selon Martoja (1995) 75 % des espèces de bivalves vivent dans les fonds meubles. Certaines espèces trahissent leur présence par leurs siphons qui affleurent à la surface du sédiment, mais il est difficile, au cours d’une plongée, d’identifier les bivalves enfouis dans le sédiment. D’autres espèces de bivalves vivent dans des substrats durs (bois, roche). Ils forent alors une loge dans ce substrat et en général seuls les siphons sont visibles. Le même problème se pose, à quelle espèce appartiennent les siphons ? Selon Bouchet et al. (1978 :92): « Les siphons constituent un moyen de détermination des bivalves aussi fiable que la coquille et la charnière ». Des auteurs anciens comme Deshayes (1844-1848), Forbes et Hanley (1850-1853), Jeffreys (1863, 1865) et Meyer & Möbius (1872) et quelques autres plus récents comme Owen (1953 ; 1959), Purchon (1955a, b), Holme (1959) et Amouroux (1980) ont décrit les siphons de plusieurs espèces. La plupart des espèces de bivalves mesurent entre un et plusieurs centimètres mais les siphons sont pour la plupart courts ou très fins et rétractiles au moindre danger, donc difficilement observables en plongée.
    [Show full text]
  • Siliqua Patula Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Veneroida the Flat Razor Clam Family: Pharidae
    Phylum: Mollusca Siliqua patula Class: Bivalvia; Heterodonta Order: Veneroida The flat razor clam Family: Pharidae Taxonomy: The familial designation of this (see Plate 397G, Coan and Valentich-Scott species has changed frequently over time. 2007). Previously in the Solenidae, current intertidal Body: (see Plate 29 Ricketts and Calvin guides include S. patula in the Pharidae (e.g., 1952; Fig 259 Kozloff 1993). Coan and Valentich-Scott 2007). The superfamily Solenacea includes infaunal soft Color: bottom dwelling bivalves and contains the two Interior: (see Fig 5, Pohlo 1963). families: Solenidae and Pharidae (= Exterior: Cultellidae, von Cosel 1993) (Remacha- Byssus: Trivino and Anadon 2006). In 1788, Dixon Gills: described S. patula from specimens collected Shell: The shell in S. patula is thin and with in Alaska (see Range) and Conrad described sharp (i.e., razor-like) edges and a thin profile the same species, under the name Solen (Fig. 4). Thin, long, fragile shell (Ricketts and nuttallii from specimens collected in the Calvin 1952), with gapes at both ends Columbia River in 1838 (Weymouth et al. (Haderlie and Abbott 1980). Shell smooth 1926). These names were later inside and out (Dixon 1789), elongate, rather synonymized, thus known synonyms for cylindrical and the length is about 2.5 times Siliqua patula include Solen nuttallii, the width. Solecurtus nuttallii. Occasionally, researchers Interior: Prominent internal vertical also indicate a subspecific epithet (e.g., rib extending from beak to margin (Haderlie Siliqua siliqua patula) or variations (e.g., and Abbott 1980). Siliqua patula var. nuttallii, based on rib Exterior: Both valves are similar and morphology, see Possible gape at both ends.
    [Show full text]