Proceedings Anniversary Event – 10th International Alpine Workshop Tagliamento 2012

In Commemoration of Prof. Dr. Norbert Grosser's Retirement

Compiled by Norbert Müller & Norbert Grosser & Martin Kümmerling

University of Applied Sciences Erfurt, Landscape Architecture (Ed.) Erfurt 2012

1

Proceedings Anniversary Event – 10th International Alpine Workshop Tagliamento 2012

In Commemoration of Prof. Dr. Norbert Grosser's Retirement

Dear Norbert Grosser, we want to dedicate this special Anniversary Proceedings in commemoration of your retirement from University. We wish to express our deep acknowledgement for guiding us to animal diversity of the wonderful Tagliamento River and hope that we will have the chance to participate from your rich experience on future workshops, too.

Your colleagues, students and former students

2 CONTENT

1 GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE INTERNATIONAL ALPINE WORKSHOP – TAGLIAMENTO 2012 ..4 1.1 ANNOUNCEMENT & PROGRAMME...... 4 1.2 ORGANISERS & PARTICIPANTS ...... 6 2 GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE & THE ALPINE FORELAND (NORBERT MÜLLER) ...... 7 2.1 GENESIS & ECOLOGY...... 7 2.2 ALTITUDINAL BELTS, PLANT COMMUNITIES & LIVE FORMS IN THE ALPS ...... 12 3 ECOLOGY & VEGETATION OF ALPINE RIVERS (NORBERT MÜLLER) ...... 14 3.1 FLOODPLAIN MORPHOLOGY...... 14 3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS AND PLANT COMMUNITIES ...... 15 3.3 ALTERATION OF THE FLOODPLAIN VEGETATION UNDER HUMAN IMPACT ...... 17 3.4 SITUATION OF KEY SPECIES IN ALPINE FLOODPLAINS ...... 19 4 INVESTIGATION AREAS & FFH SITES ALONG THE TAGLIAMENTO RIVER...... 20 4.1 INVESTIGATION AREA 1 – PASSO DELLA MAURIA ...... 21 4.2 FFH SITE IT3230089 – DOLOMITI DEL CADORE E DEL COMELICO...... 22 4.3 INVESTIGATION AREA 2 – FORNI DI SOTTO ...... 23 4.4 FFH SITE IT3310001 – DOLOMITI FRIULANE ...... 24 4.5 INVESTIGATION AREA 3 – AMARO / FELLA ...... 26 4.6 FFH SITE IT3320015 – VALLE DEL MEDIO TAGLIAMENTO ...... 27 4.7 INVESTIGATION AREA 4 – CORNINO & MONTE DI RAGOGNA ...... 28 4.8 FFH SITE IT3310007 – GRETO DEL TAGLIAMENTO ...... 29 4.9 INVESTIGATION AREA 5 – ...... 30 4.10 INVESTIGATION AREA 6 – CASARSA ...... 31 4.11 INVESTIGATION AREAS 7 & 8 – BOLZANO & ...... 31 4.12 INVESTIGATION AREA 9 – / ESTUARY ...... 32 4.13 FFH SITE IT3250033 – LAGUNA DI / FOCE DEL TAGLIAMENTO ...... 32 4.14 INVESTIGATION AREA 10 – FLAMBRO ...... 33 4.15 FFH SITE IT3320026 – RISORGIVE DELLO STELLA ...... 34 4.16 INVESTIGATION AREA 11 – VIVARO ...... 35 4.17 FFH SITE IT3310009 – MAGREDI DEL CELINA ...... 35 5 METHODS OF RESEARCH ...... 37 5.1 ASSESSMENT OF VASCULAR PLANTS, KEY SPECIES & NEOPHYTES (NORBERT MÜLLER)...... 37 5.2 RESEARCH PROGRAMME ANIMAL ECOLOGY (NORBERT GROSSER) ...... 39 6 POSTER SERIES "TAGLIAMENTO – KING OF ALPINE RIVERS" ...... 40 7 FLORA OF THE TAGLIAMENTO (NORBERT MÜLLER) ...... 56 8 LITERATURE ...... 67 8.1 GENERAL LITERATURE: ...... 67 8.2 WORKING LITERATURE AND MAPS...... 69 9 LEGEND TO PICTURES ON FRONT & BACK COVER...... 70

3 1 GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE INTERNATIONAL ALPINE WORKSHOP – TAGLIAMENTO 2012

1.1 ANNOUNCEMENT & PROGRAMME

4 Appendix 1

Program "10th Year Anniversary Event – 2nd River Conference Tagliamento – Research and education at alpine rivers"

Location Hotel Ai Glicini, Cornino (Friaul),

Time 14.00 – 19.00

14.00 Welcome 14.10 History of Alpine Workshops at the Tagliamento River – Norbert Müller – Dep. Landscape Management & Restoration Ecology, University of Applied Sciences Erfurt 15.00 An introduction to the work of WWF at the Tagliamento and in the Alpes – Mauro Belardi – WWF Italy & WWF European Alpine Programme 15.30 Discussion and coffee break 16.30 Review on the Tagliamento Workshop 2005 – Martin Kümmerling – Dep. Landscape Management & Restoration Ecology, University of Applied Sciences Erfurt 17.00 Tagliamento River area as a habitat complex of special faunal interest and value – Norbert Grosser – Dep. Zoology & Animal Ecology, University of Applied Sciences Erfurt 17.30 Ecology and vegetation of braided rivers in the European Alps – Norbert Müller – Dep. Landscape Management & Restoration Ecology, University of Applied Sciences Erfurt 18.00 Ecological and cultural river landscape management on the Tango Peninsula, Kyoto, Japan – Katsue Fukamachi & Iwao Miyoshi – Kyoto University, Japan 18.30 Discussion and final statement 19.00 Press release and dinner at Ai Glincini

Appendix 2 & 3

Research program Fauna Flora Habitats

Please see chapter 5 – Methods of Research.

5 1.2 ORGANISERS & PARTICIPANTS

Name duties phone e-mail Chairs University of Applied Sciences Erfurt Prof. Dr. Grosser, - responsible animal ecology [email protected] Norbert Prof. Dr. Müller, - overall coordinator, - responsible vegetation ecology, [email protected] Norbert - hotel reservation for Erfurt participants Scientific Assistants University of Applied Sciences Erfurt Gabler, Sebastian - animal ecology BA Student König, Sebastian - Contact person external participants sebastian.koenig@fh- - Bus reservation 1 BA Student - vegetation ecology erfurt.de

Kümmerling, Martin - vegetation ecology martin.kuemmerling@fh- - proceedings/excursion guide PhD student - hardware for conference erfurt.de Students University of Applied Sciences Erfurt (BA 4. Semester) Julia.amschler@fh- Amschler, Julia erfurt.de helena.bachmann@fh- Bachmann, Helena - herbarium erfurt.de - Contact person Erfurt students Bettin, Felix - Bus reservation 2 [email protected] - driver 1 Bus 2 Torben.kiesel@fh- Kiesel, Torben - students' present erfurt.de - driver 2 Bus 2 Stephanie.krautz@fh- Krautz, Stephanie - treasurer erfurt.de Robert.kuehn@fh- Kühn, Robert erfurt.de Katharina.kupfer@fh- Kupfer, Katharina - literature erfurt.de Matthias.mainka@fh- Mainka, Matthias - driver 1 Bus 1 erfurt.de Matthias.rembold@remat. Rembold, Matthias - driver 2 Bus 1 de Christian.schollaen@stud. Schollän, Christian fh-erfurt.de Schuberth, Viktoria

- herbarium Stefanie.wieja@fh- Wieja, Stefanie - treasurer erfurt.de Students Technical University Berlin (4. Semester)

Abraham, Stefanie [email protected]

Ruockute, Ruta [email protected]

Wolf, Kathrin [email protected] [email protected] Wunder, Tobias berlin.de Researchers & Guests Belardi, Mauro [email protected] WWF Italy Vespermann, André [email protected] FH Erfurt (Alumni)

6 2 General information about the Alps & the Alpine foreland (Norbert Müller)

2.1 GENESIS & ECOLOGY About 200 Million years ago the supercontinent Pangaea broke (fig. 2) in two blocks: Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south. The propulsions of this earth's crust movement are slowly circulating convection streams in lower, plastically layers of the earth's mantle. The heavier ocean ground is pulled in the depth, whilst the lighter continental massif float with an average speed of 2 cm per year and were upheaved to bedrocks along the seam line. Differently the seam lines between two broken continental massifs: now the lava current raise from the depth nearly up to the earth or ocean crust. Long ridges traced back by volcanism activities are the result (Mid-Atlantic ridge). Caused by the collision between the African and the Eurasian plate, the ground of the Tethys – the old Mediterranean basin – has been pressed together and resulted in overlays, rifts, uplifts and convolution (fig. 3).

7 The origin of the Alps (and the entire mountain range from the High Atlas over the Himalaya to New Zealand) started about 40 Million years ago. At the same time ocean sediments were also raised or transported as whole layer packages and partially pressed in folds. In several impulses a low mountain range relief was formed firstly; only in a younger geologic era, during the last 2 Million years, the Alps have become the high mountains with its sharp erosion patterns. The formation of mountains as well as the denudation are current processes. The present rock structures of the eastern part of the Alps shows a clear longitudinal symmetry: The central silicate mountains originated from the ancient magmatic earth crust were flanked north- and southwards by limestone ranges. Those result from sea sediments or reefs of calcareous algae and corals which were emerged in the tropical shallow sea of the Trias period in the Tethys and grew up slowly to mighty rock ‘castles’ (especially the Dolomites). Sometimes younger volcanic activities have disturbed the calm development of this ocean area (Bozner quartz- porphyry plate). The western Alps are shifted and folded much more complex and limestone sediments, shale and siliceous primary rocks change irregularly on a close area (fig. 2 - 4 from Reisigl & Keller 1987).

Fig. 2: Starting continental drift Fig: 3: Drift phase end of Fig. 4: Profile through collision end of Permian (225 Mill. years Cretaceous (65 Mill. years ago) zone ago) starting mountain building process

Fig. 5: The Wettersteingebirge, like the western parts of the Dolomites in South Tirol, belongs to a big reef area of the Mesozoic era. The rocks were built in Trias by the skeletons of the corals or they were deposited in shallow lagoons. The figure shows top view and profile of a calcareous alga (Typus Triploporella, 2x). Outside the living alga cells and inside the calcareous skeleton.

8 Fig. 6: Fold of mountain formation. Folds at the mountain surface are partly removed by erosion. The former stratification and the age of the single layer is mostly reconstructed by "index fossils".

Fig. 7: The siliceous mountains, like the Ötztaler Alps, existing of primary rocks. In the Palaeozoic, but also in geologically younger times (Tertiary) liquid magma emerged from earth’s interior and forms as granite or basalt the base of the continental massifs, whicher later were covered with a slight layer of marine deposits. Profile through a young volcano which had broken through the ocean sediments.

(Fig. 5-7 from Reisigl & Keller 1987)

Fig 8: Tectonic overview of Europe (from Westermann 1991)

9 The flora of the Northern and Central Alps is relatively young, like in other nearly completely glaciated high mountains. In contrast to the massif of Southern Alps, which were ice-free during cold stages, these parts only accommodate few endemic species. Nevertheless, the essential Alpine flora (above the forest line) is relatively independent compared with those of the Alpine Foreland. Beside modified and separate forms of lowland phanerogams many typical high mountain plants occur in the alpine level, which are originated in Asian and Southern European mountains as well as in the Arctic.

Fig. 9: Climate and forest development in the Fig. 10: Change of the flora character by climate postglacial period change during the Tertiary: (from Reisigl & Keller 1987) 1. tropical elements, 2. Mediterranean elements, 3. temperate flora, 4. arctic & alpine elements (from Reisigl & Keller 1987)

The northward exposed plateau between the Alps and the Danube River is called Alpine Foreland. Its origin is strong related with the formation of the Alps. The more the Alps were lifted up and eroded, the more the foreland subsided and were filled with depositions brought by the mountain rivers. The entire tertiary debris of the Alps in its foreland area is summarized as molasses. The molasses is layered flat in the north, whilst in the south it was formed in some saddles and depressions and overlooks the landscape rib-like, e.g. near Murnau. During the ice age the glaciers expanded and gave the foreland its present diverse appearance. The ‘Inn Glacier’ covered during its peak level an area of approx. 1600 km² of the Alpine foreland. In front of the alpine cross- valleys from where the glaciers originated, glacier tongue basins with finger-like branch basins are situated. In between undulating glacial drifts or tills and drumlin groups pervade the landscape. The tongue basins and also some

10 branch basins contain lakes (Ammersee, Starnberger See, Kochelsee, Chiemsee). Lech, Isar, Inn and Salzach River have already lost their lakes. The borders of ancient glaciers are marked by the end moraine walls which surround the basins in a large arrow. Altitude (average 500 m NN) and distance to the Alpes determine the climate of the Alpine forelands. Referring to the latitude the typical west weather conditions of Central Europe are strongly modified by the nearness of the high mountains in the Alpine foreland. During a southwest stream the Foehn wind conditions arise with dry and warm weather; during a northwest stream there are strong cloud accumulations as well as heavier and longer rain intensity. The cold snaps thereby hold in southern Bavaria twice as long as in alpine- distant areas (WESTERMANN 1962).

Fig. 11: Europe during the last glacial age (from Westermann 1991)

11 2.2 ALTITUDINAL BELTS, PLANT COMMUNITIES & LIVE FORMS IN THE ALPS

Fig. 12: Altitudinal belts and plant communities on limestone – Northern & Southern Alps (from Reisigl & Keller 1987)

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Fig. 13: Altitudinal belts and plant communities on silicate – Central Alps (from Reisigl & Keller 1987)

13 3 ECOLOGY & VEGETATION OF ALPINE RIVERS (NORBERT MÜLLER)

3.1 FLOODPLAIN MORPHOLOGY River floodplains are habitats which originate from to fluvial processes and either influenced by flood occasions (present floodplain) or were flooded in former times (fossil floodplain). Rivers and their floodplains have varying responsibilities in the balance of nature: Run-off and retention of the precipitation water, evacuation of deposition material out of the mountains. For the protection of endangered species and biotope conservation river floodplains are of outstanding relevancy as central biotope linking axes and centres of biodiversity.

River-morphologically there are three different river course types (Fig. 14, left to right): - stretched course (upper reaches, erosion predominates) - braided course (middle reaches, assembly-line balance between erosion and sedimentation) - bended course (low land, sedimentation predominates)

Fig. 14: River morphology types

14 3.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS AND PLANT COMMUNITIES Floodplain specialists like German Tamarisc (Myricaria germanica) and Willow species (Salix div. spec.) are adapted to: a) stochastic disturbances (periodical or episodic floods) b) change of flooding and draughts - fast occupation of new habitats i.e. quick germination and propagation by wind and water - long root system as fixation and - high regeneration ability Adaptations of fauna: for instance pink-winged grasshopper (Bryodema tuberculata)

Fig. 15: Phyto-sociological classification of the floodplain vegetation in Central Europe (from Pfadenhauer 1993)

15 Head waters of alpine rivers – streched river course - Open woodless floodplain mostly without vegetation or with single pioneer vegetation from the alpine screes (K Thlaspietea rotundifolii)

Upper reaches of alpine rivers – braided river course, inner alpine - Woodless floodplain with gravel bars; pioneer vegetation – K Thlaspietea rotundifolii – beside floodplain species of the sub-alpine screes and alpine meadow communities - Softwood alluvial forests on the coarse gravel bars with single willows and willow- tamarisk bush land (K Salicetea purpureae) - Hardwood alluvial forest consisting of alder-pine forests (close to groundwater) and winter heath-pine forests (K Erico-Pinetea) (fossil floodplain)

Middle reaches of alpine rivers – braided river course, outer alpine - Open floodplain with sand and debris-rich islands; pioneer vegetation on gravel mixed with ruderal species (K Artemisietea) - Softwood alluvial forests (nearly above the mean water level) on coarse debris: willow bush land (A Salicetum eleagni) - On sandy sediments: willow-tamarisk bush land (K Salicetea purpureae), - River distant: alder forests (K Querco-Fagetea, A Alnetum incanae) and willow forests (K Salicetea purpurea, V Salicion albae)

Silt-up vegetation of old river bends - Freshly developed with calcareous fen community e.g. K Scheuchzerio-Caricetea nigrae, A Equiseto-Typhetum minimae); in the further succession process substituted by reeds and bigger sedges (K Phragmitetea); calcareous-oligotroph waters with submerse Characeae - Hardwood alluvial forests (above the average high water level) sedimentation of fine material (sand, silt): oak-elm forests (K Querco-Fagetea, A Querco-Ulmetum); in the fossil floodplain on freshly developed gravel terraces sea buckthorn thickets and succession to winter heath-pine forests (K Erico-Pinetea) upper and middle reaches of low mountain range rivers (braided) - Woodless floodplain with gravel and sand bars – flood vegetation with winter cress community (K Artemisietea) and reeds on gravel (K Phragmitetea)

16 - Softwood alluvial with willow bush land (K Salicetea purpureae, A Salicetum triandrae- viminalis) and elm-ash forests (K Querco-Fagetea, A Pruno-Fraxinetum)

Lower course of alpine rivers and low mountain range rivers (lowland floodplains) – bended river course with slip-off slopes - Open floodplain with gravel and sand bars – flood vegetation winter cress community (K Artemisietea) and reeds on gravel (K Phragmitetea) and thermophyts (K Bidentetea) on sand and mud - Backwater with reeds and bigger sedges (K Phragmitetea) - Softwood alluvial forest with willows (K Salicetea pupureae) - Hardwood alluvial forest with elm-ash forests, oak-elm forests (all K Querco-Fagetea)

3.3 ALTERATION OF THE FLOODPLAIN VEGETATION UNDER HUMAN IMPACT The influence of humans on flora and vegetation of big lowland floodplains, which means rivers with main catchments area in the low mountain ranges, goes back to a long time. Since the Neolithic Age the run-off characteristic and the bed load of the big lowland rivers were already changed by forest clearing in the catchments area. The intensive human impact on flora and vegetation of the lowland floodplains already started in the Roman's time by expansion the agriculture. The sedimentation of floodplain loam in the Weser valley, for instance, refers to the expansion of agriculture activities in big parts of the loess- covered hills in the catchments area. Before that gravel soils prevailed in the Weser floodplains and gave a completely different character. Bigger changes in the catchments area of the alpine rivers first happened since the Middle Ages. The stronger settlement development in the alpine valleys and the clearing of mountain forests caused a temporary raise of the bed load which led, for instance, to the creation of river terraces in the lower course of the Isar River (cf. Müller 1995). From the 18th century onward mankind started to change many lowland floodplains and from the 19th century the alpine floodplains were altered essentially.

River regulation means forcing a branched river to run through a regulated channel by cross- and lengthwise constructions. Subsequent bed erosion was tried to countervail with the installation of bed ramps. Effects: strong decline of the open floodplains, softwood alluvial forests and backwaters, loss of the floodplain specialists like Typha minima (species that were adapted to natural

17 disturbances), transformation of the hardwood alluvial forests into plantations and agricultural land.

Construction of barrages is done since the middle of the 20th century as a more energy- efficient development (alpine rivers) or shipping extension (low mountain range rivers). Effects: Entire loss of the typical floodplain habitats by loss of the floodplain dynamics (loss of morpho-dynamic, altered hydrodynamics and discharge level by humans, loss of the ecological connectivity, strong consequences also on remaining water courses below water reservoirs).

Fig.15: River dynamics and structure of floodplain vegetation (simplified depiction) at the braided course of a debris-rich northern alpine river (alpine foreland) before river regulation (from Müller 1995).

Fig. 16: River dynamics and structure of floodplain vegetation (simplified depiction) at the lower course of a debris-rich northern alpine river (alpine foreland) after river regulation (from Müller 1995).

18 3.4 SITUATION OF KEY SPECIES IN ALPINE FLOODPLAINS

Fig. 17: Distribution of German Tamarisc (Myricaria germanica) along northern alpine rivers (from Müller 1995)

19 4 INVESTIGATION AREAS & FFH SITES ALONG THE TAGLIAMENTO RIVER

Fig. 18: Description of the drainage area, geology and watercourses with the investigation areas and FFH sites (from Lippert et al. 1995, changed Müller 2012)

20 4.1 INVESTIGATION AREA 1 – PASSO DELLA MAURIA

Fig. 19: Location of both investigation areas at Mauria (TK 25, Dolomiti di Friulane)

Short description of the investigation area 1 Passo della Mauria (from Lippert et al. 1995): The Tagliamento rises near the Passo della Mauria, on a height of 1700 m above sea level. The investigation area lies around 500 m below the spring. In this section, the Tagliamento is a small mountain torrent with a strong slope. The brook bed consists of boulders, stones and slip rock. The varying water levels and the big amount of scree material cause that plants are either rare or just in initial stages.

Appearing plant communities: - Thlaspietea - Salicetum elaeagni - Juncetum - Pinus mugo-communities - Mixed woodland

21 4.2 FFH SITE IT3230089 – DOLOMITI DEL CADORE E DEL COMELICO

Fig. 20: Delimitation of the FFH-Area Dolomiti del Cadore e del Comelico (European Environmental Agency 2009)

Territory size: 70396.0000 ha Biogeographic region: alpine Altitude maximum: 3000 m Altitude minimum: 496 m

Tab. 1: European Union Habitats and their percentage of the area (European Environmental Agency)

Percentage Code EUH Description of area

3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks 1% 3230 Alpine rivers and their lingeous vegetation with Myricaria germanica 1% 3240 Alpine rivers and their lingeous vegetation with Salix eleagnos 1% 4060 Alpine and Boreale heaths 3% 4070* Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo- 8% Rhododendretum hirsuti)

4080 Sub-arctic Salix spp. scrub 2% 6150 Siliceous alpine and boreal grasslands 4% 6170 Alpine und subalpine calcareous grasslands 4% 6210 Semi-natural dry grasslands and scrubland facies in calcareous 1% substrates (Festuco-Brometalia)

6230* Species-rich Nardus grasslands, on siliceous substrates in mountain 1% areas (and submountain areas, in Continental Europe)

6410 Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils 1% (Molinion caeruleae)

6430 Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to 2% alpine levels

6510 Lowland hay meadows (Alopecurus pratensis, Sanguisorba officinalis) 1%

6520 Mountain hay meadows 1%

22 7110* Active raised bogs 1% 7140 Transition mires and quaking bogs1% 7150 Depressions on peat substrates of the Rhynchosporion 1% 7230 Alkaline fens 1% 7240* Alpine pioneer formations of Caricion bicoloris-atrofuscae 1% 8110 Siliceous scree of the montane to snow levels (Androsacetalia alpinae 1% and Galeopsietalia ladani)

8120 Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels 2% (Thlaspietea rotundifolii)

8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 9% 8220 Siliceous rocky slopes with casmophytic vegetation 1% 8240* Limestone pavements 1% 9130 Asperulo-Fagetum beech forests 3% 9150 Medio-European limestone beech forests of the Cephalanthero-Fagion 1% 9180* Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravines 1% 91D0* Bog woodland 1% 9410 Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio- 39% 9420 Alpine Larix decidua and/or Pinus cembra forests 1% 9530* (Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines 4% * Priority habitat

4.3 INVESTIGATION AREA 2 – FORNI DI SOTTO Short description of the investigation area 2 Forni di Sotto (from Lippert et al. 1995): In the mountains, the Tagliamento is characterized by a change between tight and wide river segments. The tight parts show a high transport of scree, while the wide segments are dominated by deposition and rearrangements. Because of this, the river creates an own riverbed. The investigation area is located underneath the Passo della Mauria on a height of 670 m above sea level. It is predestinated for the study of succession and zoning of floodplains.

Pioneer vegetation: Floodplain vegetation: Chondrilletum chondrilloidis Erico-Pinetum Calamagrostietum pseudophragmitis Alnetum incanae Salicetum elaeagni

GPS-Coordinates of transect in investigation area 2 (from Workshop 2010): 46°13`18.79”/13°1`21.64” (Altitude: 153 m)

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Fig. 21: Location of the investigation area at Forni di Sotto (TK 25, Dolomiti di Friulane)

4.4 FFH SITE IT3310001 – DOLOMITI FRIULANE

Fig. 22: Delimitation of the FFH-Area Dolomiti Friulane (European Environmental Agency 2008)

24 Territory size: 36740.0000 ha Biogeographic region: alpine Altitude maximum: 2706 m Altitude minimum: 450 m

Tab. 2: European Union Habitats and their percentage of the area (European Environmental Agency)

Percentage Code EUH Description of area

3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks 1% 3240 Alpine rivers and their lingeous vegetation with Salix eleagnos 1% 4060 Alpine and Boreal heaths 3% 4070* Bushes with Pinus mugo and Rhododendron hirsutum (Mugo- 11% Rhododendretum hirsuti)

6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands 12% 62A0 Eastern sub-mediteranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae) 5% 6430 Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to 1% alpine levels

8120 Calcareous and calcshist screes of the montane to alpine levels (Thlaspietea 8% rotundifolii)

8160* Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels 3% 8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 8% 91K0 Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests(Aremonio-Fagion) 28% 9410 Acidophilous Picea forests of the montane to alpine levels (Vaccinio- 4% Piceetea)

9530* (Sub-) Mediterranean pine forests with endemic black pines 3% * Priority habitat

25 4.5 INVESTIGATION AREA 3 – AMARO / FELLA

Fig. 23: Investigation area 3 – Amaro and alternative investigation area – Fella (TK 25, Dolomiti di Friulane)

26 4.6 FFH SITE IT3320015 – VALLE DEL MEDIO TAGLIAMENTO

Fig. 24: Delimitation of the FFH-Area Valle del Medio Tagliamento (European Environmental Agency 2008)

Territory size: 3580.0000 ha Biogeographic region: alpine Altitude maximum: 1478 m Altitude minimum: 158 m

Tab. 3: European Union Habitats and their percentage of area (European Environmental Agency)

Code EUH Description Percentage of area 3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks 3% 3230 Alpine river and their lingeous vegetation with Myricaria germanica 5% 3240 Alpine rivers and their lingeous vegetation with Salix elaeagnos 5% 5130 Juniperus communis formations on heaths or calcareous grasslands 1% 6110* Rupicolous calcareous or basophilic grasslands of the Alysso-Sedion albi 1% 6170 Alpine and subalpine calcareous grasslands 15% 62A0 Eastern sub-mediteraneandry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae) 15% Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains of the montane to alpine 6430 1% levels 8160* Medio-European calcareous scree of hill and montane levels 2% 8210 Calcareous rocky slopes with chasmophytic vegetation 2% 9180* Tilio-Acerion forests of slopes, screes and ravins 5% 91K0 Illyrian Fagus sylvatica forests (Aremonio-Fagion) 32% 91L0 Illyrian oak-hornbeam forests (Erythronio-Carpinion) 1%

* Priority habitat

27 4.7 INVESTIGATION AREA 4 – CORNINO & MONTE DI RAGOGNA

Fig. 25: Location of the investigation area Cornino & Mt. Ragogna, as well as Hotel Ai Glicini & Camp Ground Ai Pioppi (TK 25, Venezia Giulia)

Short description of the investigation area 4 Cornino (from Lippert et al. 1995): At the transition from the Alps to the Alpine foreland a change in the river structure takes place. The slope of the running water and transportation force are reduced. Because of an increased sedimentation, a large gravel cone from Gemona to Casarsa grew in the course if the centuries. Around this area, the floodplain has a wideness of more than one kilometer and in the investigation area at Cornino it grows up two kilometer. The investigation area is located on a height of 160 m above sea level. This segment of the Tagliamento spreads into various arborising branches. Based on spring floods, various parts are free from vegetation. On account of those prevailing conditions (gravel and sandy river banks, frequent flood waters) pioneer and floodplain species settled this area.

Pioneer vegetation: Salicetum elaeagni typicum Epilobio-Scrophularietum caninae Echinochloa crus-gali-Xanthium Floodplain vegetation: strumaria-community Salici-Hippophaetum rhamnoidis Calamagrostietum pseudophragmitis Fraxinus ornus-Ostrya carpinifolia- Salici-Myricarietum community

28 GPS-Coordinates of transect in investigation area 4 (from Workshop 2010): East: 46°13`23.61”/13°1`22.48” (Altitude: 149 m) North: 46°13`23.61”/13°1`22.48” (Altitude: 149 m) South: 46°13`24.8”/13°1`24.21” (Altitude 162 m)

Short description of the investigation area Monte di Ragogna (from Workshop 2010): This mountain (Altitude 512 m) lies directly to the floodplain of the Tagliamento and is located near the city Ragogna. From the top of the Monte di Ragogna, a huge and impressing view of the riverbed is possible. The large white banks and the several streams are plainly visible. On the east side of the mountain there is a pine forest and on the north- west side a forest with Ostrya carpinifolia got established.

4.8 FFH SITE IT3310007 – GRETO DEL TAGLIAMENTO

Fig. 26: Delimitation of the FFH-Area Greto del Tagliamento (European Environmental Agency, 2008)

Territory size: 2719.0000 ha Biogeographic region: continental Altitude maximum: 164 m Altitude minimum: 92 m

Tab. 4: European Union Habitats and their percentage of the area (European Environmental Agency)

Percentage Code EUH Description of area

3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks 41% 3240 Alpine rivers and their lingeous vegetation with Salix eleagnos 25% 62A0 Eastern sub-mediteranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratatlia villosae) 10%

29 4.9 INVESTIGATION AREA 5 – SPILIMBERGO

Fig. 27: Location of the investigation area at Spilimbergo (TK 25, )

Short description of the investigation area 5 Spilimbergo (from Lippert et al. 1995): The investigation area has a height of 100 m above sea level. At this part, the Tagliamento has a wide of 3 km and consist of several small arms, which keep on separating and combining. Along the river arms, there are sand and gravel banks with different stages of floodplain succession. The sedimentation of sand and silt has risen, but at some parts have been rinsed, so that gravel banks are present.

Pioneer vegetation: Floodplain vegetation: Epilobio-Scrophularietum caninae Salicetum elaeagni typicum Echinochloa crus-gali-Xanthium Amorpha fruticosa –community strumaria-community

Calamagrostietum pseudophragmitis Amorpha fruticosa-community

Salicetum elaeagni typicum

30 4.10 INVESTIGATION AREA 6 – CASARSA

Fig. 28: Location of the investigation area at Casarsa (TK 25, Friuli Venezia Giulia)

4.11 INVESTIGATION AREAS 7 & 8 – BOLZANO & LATISANA

Fig. 29: Location of the investigation area at Bolzano and Latisana (TK 25, Friuli Venezia Giulia)

31 4.12 INVESTIGATION AREA 9 – BIBIONE / ESTUARY

Fig. 30: Location of the investigation area of the estuary at Bibione (TK 25, Friuli Venezia Giulia)

4.13 FFH SITE IT3250033 – LAGUNA DI CAORLE / FOCE DEL TAGLIAMENTO

Fig. 31: Delimitation of the FFH-Area Laguna di Caorle / Foce del Tagliamento (European Environmental Agency, 2012)

Territory size: 4386 ha Biogeographic region: continental Altitude maximum: 2 m Altitude minimum: 0 m

32 Tab. 5: European Union Habitats and their percentage of the area (European Environmental Agency)

Code EUH Description Percentage of area 1150* Coastal lagoons 15% 1210 Annual vegetation of drift lines 1% 1310 Salicornia and other annuals colonizing mud and sand 4% Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophilous scrubs (Sarcocornetea 1420 3% fruticosi) 1510* Mediterranean salt steppes (Limonietalia) 16% 2110 Embryonic shifting dunes 1% 2120 Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria ('white dunes') 1% 2130* Fixed coastal dunes with herbaceous vegetation ('grey dunes') 2% 2230 Malcolmietalia dune grasslands 1% 2250* Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp 2% 2270* Wooded dunes with Pinus pinea and/or Pinus pinaster 12% Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion 6410 1% caeruleae) 6420 Mediterranean tall humid grasslands of the Molinio-Holoschoenion 5% Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion 7210* 1% davallianae 9340 Quercus ilex and Quercus rotundifolia forests 5%

* Priority habitat

4.14 INVESTIGATION AREA 10 – FLAMBRO

Fig. 32: Location of the investigation area at Flambro (TK 25, Friuli Venezia Giulia)

33 Short description of the investigation area 10 Flambro (from Workshop 2010): This FFH-Area is shaped by calcareous fens, which are fed by rain and spring water that comes out at the surface. There are a lot of endemic species settled at this location. This is an important sign for a long consistency of the site. Grasses are the dominating species for those low moors. The Life-Project established several hiking tracks in this relict location.

4.15 FFH SITE IT3320026 – RISORGIVE DELLO STELLA

Fig. 33: Delimitation of the FFH-Area Risorgive dello Stella (European Environmental Agency 2006)

Territory size: 796.0000 ha Biogeographic region: continental Altitude maximum: 36 m Altitude minimum: 9 m

Tab. 6: European Union Habitats and their percentage of the area (European Environmental Agency) Percentage Code EUH Description of area 3140 Hard oligo-mesotrophic waters with benthic vegetation of Chara spp. 1% 3260 Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculion fluitans and 6% Callitricho-Batrachion

62A0 Eastern sub-mediteranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratatlia villosae) 4% 6430 Hydrophilous tall herb fringe communities of plains and of the montane to 1% alpine levels Molinia meadows on calcareous, peaty or clayey-silt-laden soils (Molinion 6410 6% caeruleae) 7210* Calcareous fens with Cladium mariscus and species of the Caricion 4% 7230 Alkaline fens 5% 91E0* Alluvial forests with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior (Alno-Padion, 6% Alnion incanae, Salicion albae)

91F0 Riparian mixed forests of Quercus robur, Ulmus laevis, Ulmus minor, 8% Fraxinus excelsior or Fraxinus angustifolia (Ulmenion minoris)

*Priority habitat

34 4.16 INVESTIGATION AREA 11 – VIVARO

Fig. 34: Location of the investigation area at Vivaro (TK 25, Friuli Venezia Giulia)

Short description of the investigation area 11 Vivaro (from Workshop 2010): At this area, in the past glacier flowed into the Alpine Foreland and formed a huge gravel body. The soil sustains of strong weathered sand-stone. The spatial leads temporarily water from the Alps.

4.17 FFH SITE IT3310009 – MAGREDI DEL CELINA

Fig. 35: Delimitation of the FFH-Area Magredi del Celina (European Environmental Agency 2007)

35 Territory size: 4372.0000 ha Biogeographic region: continental Altitude maximum: 244 m Altitude minimum: 50 m

Tab. 7: European Union Habitats and their percentage of the area (European Environmental Agency)

Code EUH Description Percentage 3220 Alpine rivers and the herbaceous vegetation along their banks 31% 3240 Alpine rivers and their lingeous vegetation with Salix eleagnos 4% 62A0 Eastern sub-mediteranean dry grasslands (Scorzoneratalia villosae) 53%

36 5 METHODS OF RESEARCH

5.1 ASSESSMENT OF VASCULAR PLANTS, KEY SPECIES & NEOPHYTES (NORBERT MÜLLER) Investigated will be all vascular plants, as well as certain key species and neophytes within the 11 investigation areas (see Fig. 18). The investigation areas 1-8 correspond to the first research workshops in 1991 & 1992 (Lippert et al. 1995). With a simple method the frequency of vascular plant species in alpine river landscapes will be recorded in repetition to the same investigations in 2004, 2005 and 2007. The status of neophytes is classified according to Poldini et al. (2002) and supplemented by Lohmeyer & Sukopp (1993) as well as Kowarik (2003).

Approach: Transects were fixed in the respective investigation areas. They run straight through the floodplain and the riverbed (see Fig. 36). An area of approx. 50m right and left of transect is inspected in detail and in the fixed amount of time of two hours. The key species and neophytes are recorded by frequency in the a) Pioneer vegetation sites and b) Floodplain Forests The scale of frequency is 1 – rare (only few individuals) 2 – dispersed (occurrence with low frequency and/or low abundance) 3 – common (occurrence with high frequency and/or high abundance)

Fig. 36: River dynamics and structure of floodplain vegetation (simplified depiction) at the lower course of a debris-rich northern alpine river (alpine foreland) before river regulation (from Müller 1995).

37 The following two tables contain key species and non-native species (neophytes) of vascular plants along the Tagliamento River. In addition, all occurring species are recorded in a flora list (see Tab. 10 in chapter 7). Tab. 8: Key species Investigation Areas 123456 7891011 a = pioneer vegetation b = floodplain vegetation o

H = sample of species in herbarium of Tagliamento g

w orkshop Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- ber Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 1 Aquilegia einseleana F.W.Schultz 2 Barbarea vulgaris s.l. R.Br. 3 Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Haller f.) Koeler 4 Campanula cespitosa Scop. 5 Chondrilla chondrilloides (Ard.) H. Karst. 6 Echium vulgare L. 7 Epilobium dodonaei Vill. 8 Galeopsis angustifolia Ehr h. 9 Gypsophila repens L. 10 Hieracium piloselloides grex florentinum (All.) Zahn 11 Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. fluviatilis v. Soest 12 Leontodon berinii (Bartl.) Roth 13 Linaria alpina (L.) Mill. 14 Matthiola carnica Tammar o 15 Melilotus alba L.W. Medicus 16 Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv. 17 Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. 18 Salix daphnoides Vill. 19 Salix eleagnos Scop. 20 Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. (= Salix nigricans ) 21 Scrophularia canina L. (incl. S. juratensis ) 22 Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa (Jord.) M.-J. & Turrill Tab. 9: Neophytes Investigation Areas 12345678910 11 a = pioneer vegetation b = floodplain vegetation o

H = sample of species in herbarium of Tagliamento g

w orkshop Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- ber Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 1 Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Sw ingle 2 Ambrosia artemisifolia L. 3 Amorpha fruticosa L. 4 Bidens frondosa L. 5 Buddleja davidii Franch. 6 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. 7 Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees 8 Erigeron annus (L.) Pers. 9 Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake 10 Helianthus tuberosus L. 11 Impatiens glandulifera Roy le 12 Impatiens parviflora DC. 13 Matricaria discoidea DC. 14 Oenothera biennis agg. 15 Panicum capillare L. 16 Phalaris canariensis 17 Populus x canadensis Moench 18 Robinia pseudoacacia L. 19 Senecio inaequidens DC. 20 Solidago canadensis L. 21 Solidago gigantea var. serotina (O. Kuntze) Cronq. 22 Xanthium spec.

38 5.2 RESEARCH PROGRAMME ANIMAL ECOLOGY (NORBERT GROSSER) We continue recording animal fauna of Tagliamento area in the different investigation areas (see Fig. 18 & 36) from the last years in this short aspect of beginning summer. Investigation will comprise the following animal groups: - Butterflies and moths - Grasshoppers - Dragonflies - Amphibians and reptiles - Additionally snails, birds and mammals according to their biodiversity and existence of key species in river and adjacent habitats Because there is no identity between zoocoenoses, biotop types and vegetation units the investigation of fauna will be separated from the single habitat investigation and a combined transect method across all habitat-types in a defined river section will be used. Zoocoenoses are connected with habitats either by trophical relations between plants and animals, structural relations, microclimate in a habitat or successional stages of vegetation (indirectly), biotopnetwork and migration ability. Methods are: - Transect mapping (visual and acoustic observation) - Capture of insects with different nets and other methods (release after determination) - Observation of nocturnal active insects at light (in the surroundings of Cornino) - Exhaustor (in connection with investigation of soil substrates)

39 6 POSTER SERIES "TAGLIAMENTO – KING OF ALPINE RIVERS" The posters on the following pages are results of the workshops in 2006 and 2009. Poster 10 of 2006 and Poster 4 of 2009 are not available.

40 2006-1 International Alpine Workshop – Tagliamento 2006

41 2006-2 Geology and geography of Tagliamento River

42 2006-3 Investigation in plant diversity

43 2006-4 Investigation of animal biodiversity

44 2006-5 Herbaceous vegetation of alpine river banks on sand

45 2006-6 Herbaceous vegetation of alpine river banks on gravel

46 2006-7 Herbaceous vegetation of alpine rivers with Myricaria germanica

47 2006-8 Ligneous vegetation of alpine rivers with Salix eleagnos

48 2006-9 Muddy banks of rivers with Chenopodion rubri and Bidention

49 2006-11 Alluvial forest with Alnus glutinosa and Fraxinus excelsior

50 2006-12 Riparian mixed forest along the great rivers (Ulmenion minoris)

51 2009-1 Occurring birds and their biotopes at Tagliamento

52 2009-2 Dragonflies (Odonata) – The Tagliamento as habitat

53 2009-3 Investigation of amphibian occurrence

54 2009-5 Locust species – Habitats of sparse vegetation

55 7 FLORA OF THE TAGLIAMENTO (NORBERT MÜLLER) Tab. 10: Flora along the Tagliamento River

Müller, N. (2006): Flora Tagliamento (Friaul, Italy) w ith key species and non-native species - Results from investigations 1991-1993, 2004 and 2005. - University of Applied Sciences Erfurt: 12pages, n.p. Further involved researches: Schauer, Th., Rossel, S. & Lippert, W. (1991-1993), Bangert, U. & Drescher, A. (2004), von Heßberg, A. & Poldini, L. (2005), Abendroth, S. & Ramseier, D. (2006)

Legend: X=Registered betw een 1991 and 2010 = Space for the registration 2012 a=Pioneer vegetation b=Floodplain vegetation H=Sample of species in herbarium of Tagliamento w orkshop

Investigation Areas: 12345678910 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 1 Abies alba L. X...... 2 Acer campestre L. ..XX.... 3 Acer negundo L...... X. 4 Acer pseudoplatanus L. XXXX . . . . 5 Achillea millefolium L. . XXXXX . . 6 Achnatherum calamagrostis (L.) PB. . . XXXX . . 7 Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy ...XX... 8 Aconitum lycoctonum L. (= A. vulparia Rchb. ex Spreng.).X...... 9 Adenostyles glabra (Mill.) DC. X...... 10 Aegopodium podagraria L. . XXX . . X . 11 Aethionema saxatile (L.) R.BR. .X...... 12 Agropyron caninum (L.) PB. . X X X . . . . 13 Agropyron pungens (Pers.) Roem. & Schult. . . XXXXX . 14 Agropyron repens (L.) P.B. (oder in 7 bis 8 A. pungens ?).....XXX 15 Agrostis capillaris L. subsp. capillaris ...... 16 Agrostis gigantea Roth . XXXXXXX 17 Agrostis stolonifera L. . XXXXXXX 18 Alchemilla vulgaris agg. .X...... 19 Alisma lanceolatum With. . . X X . . . . 20 Alisma plantago-aquatica L...... XX. 21 Allium carinatum L. s.l. ..XX.... 22 Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. . . . X X . X . 23 Alnus incana (L.) Moench XXXXXX . . 24 Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. . . . XXXX . 25 Amelanchier ovalis Med. XXXX . . . . 26 H Amorpha fruticosa L. . . . XXXXX 27 Anagallis arvensis L. . . X X . X X . 28 Anemone trifolia L. XX...... 29 Angelica sylvestris L. . X X . X X . . 30 H Anthyllis vulneraria L. s.l. .X...... 31 Aposeris foetida (L.) Less. XX...... 32 Aquilegia atrata Koch X...... 33 H Aquilegia einseleana F.W.Schultz (Endemit)XXX..... 34 Arabis pumila Jacq. subsp. stellulata (Bertol.) NymanX...... 35 Arctium nemorosum Lej...... X. 36 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. XX...... 37 Arenaria serpyllifolia L. ....X... 38 Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) J.&C.Presl...... X 39 Artemisia alba Turra ...... 40 Artemisia absinthium L. ..X..... 41 Artemisia campestris L. . . XXXXX . 42 Artemisia verlotiorum Lamotte ...... X. 43 Artemisia vulgaris L. . XXXXXXX 44 Arum cf. maculatum L...... X. 45 Aruncus dioicus (Walter) Fernald X X X . . . . . 46 Arundo donax L...... X.

56 Investigation Areas: 123 4 56789 10 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 47 Asparagus officinalis L. . . . XXXX . 48 Asperula aristata (L.) L. f. subsp. scabra (Presl) NymXXX..... 49 Asperula cynanchica L. . . XXXXX . 50 Asperula purpurea (L.) Ehrend. ...XX... 51 Asplenium ruta-muraria L. ...X.... 52 Asplenium trichomanes L. ...X.... 53 Asplenium viride Huds. X...... 54 Aster bellidiastrum (L.) Scop. XX...... 55 Aster novi-belgii L. (agg.) ...... X. 56 H Astragalus onobrychis L. . . XXX . X . 57 Astragalus penduliflorus Lam. X...... 58 Astragalus cf. purpureus Lam. . . X X . . . . 59 H Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. .X....X. 60 Bellis perennis L. .X...... 61 Berberis vulgaris L. . XXX . . . . 62 Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville (= Sium erectum Huds.) . . X X . . X . 63 Betonica alopecurus L. .X...... 64 Betonica hirsuta L. .X...... 65 Betula pendula Roth XX...... 66 Bidens cernua L...... XX. 67 H Bidens frondosa L. . . XXXXX . 68 H Bidens tripartita L. . . XXXXX . 69 H Biscutella laevigata L. XXX..... Blackstonia acuminata (W.D.J.Koch & Ziz) Domin 70 ...... subsp. acuminata 71 H Blackstonia perfoliata (L.) Huds. subsp. perfoliata . X . . XXX . 72 H Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng ....XXX. 73 Brachypodium pinnatum agg. ..X..... 74 H Brachypodium rupestre (Host.) Roem. & Schult.XXXXXX . X 75 Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) PB. . XXXXXX . 76 Brassica cf. nigra L. ....X... 77 Briza media L. XX...... 78 H Bromus erectus Huds. s.s. .X.X.X. . 79 Bromus hordeaceus agg...... X. 80 Bromus sterilis L...... X.. 81 Buddleja davidii Franch. . . XXXXX . 82 Buphthalmum salicifolium L. XXXXXXX . 83 Butomus umbellatus L. ..XX.... 84 Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth ....X... 85 Calamagrostis pseudophragmites (Hall. f.) Koel. . XXXXXXX 86 Calamagrostis varia (Schrad.) Host X X X . X X . . 87 Callitriche hermaphroditica L...... X. 88 Callitriche palustris agg...... X. 89 Calystegia sepium (L.) R.Br. . . X X X . X . 90 Campanula cespitosa Scop. XXXX . . . . 91 Campanula sibirica L...... X.. 92 Campanula trachelium L. . XXX . . . . 93 Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Med. .X..X... 94 Cardamine flexuosa With. .X...... 95 Cardamine impatiens L. ..X..... 96 Cardamine amara L. subsp. amara ..XX..X. 97 Carduus defloratus L. sensu Poldini . XXXXX . . 98 Carex cf. acutiformis Ehrh. ..XX.... 99 Carex alba Scop. XXXXX. . . Carex brachystachys Schrank (1,2 statt C. ferruginea 100 H XX...... 1995) 101 Carex caryophyllea Latourr. .X...... 102 Carex digitata L. . XXX . . . . 103 Carex echinata Murray X...... 104 Carex elata All. ..X..... 105 Carex ferruginea Scop. X...... 106 Carex firma Host X......

57 Investigation Areas: 123 4 56789 10 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 107 Carex flacca Schreb. XXXXXX . . 108 H Carex flava (agg.) L. s.l. XXXX . . . . 109 Carex gracilis Curtis (= C. acuta L.) ..X..... 110 Carex hallerana Asso ..XX.... 111 Carex hirta L. ....X... 112 H Carex hostiana DC. ..X..... 113 Carex humilis Leyser .XX..... 114 Carex lepidocarpa Tausch (det. Podlech, in 1)X...... 115 Carex montana L. .X...... 116 H Carex mucronata All. . XXX . X . . 117 Carex oederi Retz. .X...... 118 Carex ornithopoda Willd. XX.X.... 119 Carex panicea L. X.X. . . . . 120 Carlina acaulis L. .X...... Carlina biebersteinii subsp. brevibracteata (Andrae) 121 ....X... K.Werner 122 Carlina vulgaris L. . XXX . X . . 123 Centaurea dichroantha Kern. .. XXXX . . 124 H Centaurea jacea L. . XXXXXX . 125 Centaurea forojulensis (Poldini) Poldini ....X.X. 126 Centaurea maculosa Lam. . . XXXX . . 127 Centaurea nemoralis Jordan .....X.. Centaurea nigrescens Willd. subsp. transalpina (Schl.) 128 XX . . XX . . Nyman Centaurea nigrescens Willd. subsp. vochinensis (Bernh. 129 .X..X... ex Rc hb.) Nyman 130 Centaurea rhenana Bor. (= C. stoebe L.) ...X.XXX 131 H Centaurea scabiosa L. ...X.... 132 Centaurea scabiosa L. subsp. fritschii (Hayek) Hayek . . X X . X . . 133 Centaurea scabiosa L. subsp. scabiosa .X...... 134 Centaurium erythraea Raf n subsp. erythraea . . X . XXX . Centaurium majus (H. et L.) Zeltner (Prot. Müller 1992, 135 ...X.... S.29) 136 Centaurium pulchellum (Sw.) Druce .....XX. 137 Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce X...... 138 Cerastium alpinum L. .X...... 139 H Cerastium carinthiacum Vest subsp. carinthiacum XX...... 140 Cerastium holosteoides Fries em. Hyl. .X...... 141 Chaenorhinum minus (L.) Lange subsp. minus . XXXXXX . 142 Chaerophyllum hirsutum L. .X...... 143 Chamaecytisus hirsutus (L.) Link. XX...... 144 Chamaecytisus purpureus (Scop.) Lk. X X X . . . . . 145 Chenopodium album L. . XXXXXX . 146 Chenopodium rubrum L. ..X..... 147 H Chondrilla chondrilloides (Ard.) Karsten . X X X . . . . 148 Cichorium intybus L. . . XXXXX . 149 Circea intermedia Ehrh. ..X..... 150 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. . . XX . XXX 151 H Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop. XX...... 152 Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill X...... 153 Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. . . X X . . . . 154 Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. . . X X . . X . 155 Clematis alpina Mill. X...... 156 Clematis recta L. .X..X... 157 Clematis vitalba L. . XXXXXX . 158 Convallaria majalis L. XXXXX . . . 159 Convolvulus arvensis L. ..X..... 160 Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. . XXXXXX . 161 Cornus sanguinea L. XXXXXXX . 162 Cornus sanguinea subsp. hungarica (Kárpáti) Soó.....XX. 163 Coronilla emerus L. subsp. emerus ...X.... 164 Coronilla vaginalis Lam. .X......

58 Investigation Areas: 123 4 56789 10 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 165 Corylus avellana L. X . X X . X X . 166 Cotoneaster integerrimus Med. .X...... 167 Crataegus monogyna (agg.) . XXXX . X . 168 Crepis foetida L. (in 5 subsp. rhoedifolia ?) ....XX.. 169 H Crepis rhoeadifolia M.Bieb. ....XX.. 170 H Crepis setosa Haller fil. ....XX.. 171 Cruciata glabra (L.) Ehrend. .X...... 172 Cruciata laevipes Opiz XX...... 173 Cuscuta campestris Yuncker .....X.. 174 Cuscuta epithymum (L.) L. .X...... 175 Cyclamen purpurascens Mill. XXX..... 176 H Cynodon dactyolon (L.) Pers...... X.. 177 H Cyperus fuscus L...... X. 178 H Cyperus glomeratus L...... X. 179 Cytisus decumbens (Durande) Spach . X ...... 180 Cytisus nigricans L. s.l. .X...... 181 H Cytisus pseudoprocumbens Markgr. .X...... 182 H Dactylis glomerata L. s.l. XXXXXXX . 183 Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soo XX...... 184 Daphne mezereum L. XX...... 185 Daphne striata Tratt. XXXXXX . . 186 Daucus carota L. XXXXXXXX 187 Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) PB. XXXXXXX . Dianthus sternbergii Sieber ex Capelli (= D. 188 ..X..... monspessulanus subsp. waldsteinii (Sternb.) Nyman) 189 H Dianthus sylvestris Wulf. subsp. sylvestris X...... 190 H Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC. . XXXXXX . 191 H Dorycnium herbaceum Vill. .X...... Dorycnium pentaphyllum Scop. subsp. germanicum 192 . . XXXX . . (Gremli) Gams 193 Dryas octopetala L. XXX..... 194 Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott . X X X . . . . 195 Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke ...... X. 196 H Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) PB. . . . XXXX . 197 Echium vulgare L. . XXXXXX . 198 H Eleocharis palustris L. . . X . . . X . 199 Elodea canadensis Michx...... X. 200 Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski ..XX.... 201 Epilobium cullinum C.G.Gmel. . X X X . . . . 202 H Epilobium dodonaei Vill. . XXXXXX . 203 Epilobium hirsutum L. .X....X. 204 Epilobium montanum L. .X...... 205 Epilobium parviflorum Schreber . X ...... 206 Epilobium tetragonum L. .X...... 207 Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Schult. XX...... 208 Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz .XX..... 209 Epipactis palustris (L.) Cr. .X...... 210 Equisetum arvense L. XXXXXXXX 211 Equisetum fluviatile L. .X....X. 212 Equisetum hyemale L. . . X X . . X . 213 Equisetum x meridionale (Milde) Chiov...... X. 214 H Equisetum palustre L. . X X . . . X . 215 Equisetum palustre x variegatum Schleich. . XXX . . X . 216 Equisetum ramosissimum Desf...... X. 217 Equisetum telmateja Ehrh. .X...... 218 H Equisetum variegatum Schleich. ex Web. & Mohr . X X X . . X . 219 H Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees . . XXXXX . 220 Erica carnea L. (= E. herbacea L.) XXX..... 221 Erica carnea L. subsp. carnea .X...... 222 Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. . XXXXXXX 223 H Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. subsp. annuus . XXXX . X .

59 Investigation Areas: 123 4 56789 10 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab Erigeron annuus subsp. septendrionalis (Fernald 224 H ...XXX.. & Wiegand) Wagenitz 225 Erigeron glabratus Hoppe .X...... 226 Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. X...... 227 Erucastrum gallicum O.E.Schulz ..X..... 228 Euonymus europaea L. ...X.... 229 Eupatorium cannabinum L. .XXXXXXX 230 Euphorbia amygdaloides L. .X...... 231 Euphorbia cyparissias L. . XXXXXX . 232 Euphorbia dulcis L. .X...... 233 H Euphorbia falcata L. . . . XXXX . 234 Euphorbia helioscopia L...... 235 Euphorbia nurans Lag. ....X... Euphorbia triflora subsp. kerneri (Huter) Poldini (= E. 236 H XXXXX . . . kerneri Huter) 237 H Euphrasia cuspidata Host XX...... Euphrasia nemorosa (Pers.) Wallr. (ob E. stricta D.Wolf f 238 .X...... ex J.F.Lehm.?) 239 Euphrasia salisburgensis Funck ex Hoppe XX...... 240 Euphrasia stricta D.Wolff ex J.F.Lehm. .X...... 241 Fagus sylvatica L. X.XX.... 242 Fallopia convolvolus (L.) A.Loeve. . . X X X . . . 243 Festuca arundinacea Schreb. . X . XXXX . 244 Festuca gigantea (L.)Vill. ..XX.... 245 H Festuca norica (Hackel) Richter ...XXX.. 246 Ficus carica L. .X.X. . . . 247 Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. subsp. ulmaria . XXX . . . . 248 Fragaria vesca L. .X...... 249 Frangula alnus Mill. XXXXXXX . 250 Fraxinus excelsior L. . XXXX . . . 251 H Fraxinus ornus L. X . XXX . . . 252 Fumana procumbens Gren. & Godr. . . XXXX . . 253 Galeopsis angustifolia (Ehrh.) Hoffm. . . XXXXX . 254 Galeopsis pubescens Bess...... X.. 255 Galeopsis speciosa Mill. . X X X . X . . 256 Galeopsis tetrahit L. ...X.... 257 Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin.) Blake . X X X . X X . 258 Galinsoga parviflora Cav. ...X..X. 259 Galium anisophyllum Vill. XX...... 260 Galium aparine L. . . X X . . X . 261 Galium boreale L...... 262 H Galium laevigatum L. ..X..... 263 H Galium lucidum All. .X.X.X. . 264 Galium megalospermum All. (= G.helveticum Weigel).X...... 265 Galium mollugo subsp. album (Mill.) Tzvelev XXXXXXX . 266 Galium mollugo agg. . X X X . . . . 267 H Galium palustre L...... X.. 268 Galium sylvaticum L. X.X. . . . . 269 Galium verum L. .XXXXX . . 270 H Genista germanica L. .XX..... Genista radiata (L.) Scop. (= Cytisanthus radiatus (L.) 271 .X...... O.F.Lang) 272 Genista tinctoria L. .X...X.. 273 Gentiana asclepiadea L. X...... 274 Gentianta clusii Perr. et Song. XX...... 275 Gentianta utriculosa L. .X...... 276 Geranium robertianum L. . XXX . . . . 277 Geranium sanguineum L. ..X..... 278 Geranium sylvaticum L. X...... 279 Glechoma hederacea L. .XX..... 280 Globularia cordifolia L. XXXX . . . . 281 Globularia punctata Lapeyr. . X . X X X . .

60 Investigation Areas: 123 4 56789 10 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 282 Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br. .X...... 283 H Gymnadenia odoratissima (L.) Rich. XX...... 284 H Gymnocarpium robertianum (Hoffm.) NewmanX...... 285 Gypsophila repens L. XXXXXXX . 286 Hedera helix L. . . X X . . X . 287 Helianthemum nummularium (L.) Mill. s.l. (agg.) . X X X . X X . 288 Helianthemum ovatum (Viv.) Dunal ...XXX.. 289 Helianthus annuus L...... X.. 290 Hel i a n thu s t uber osus L. . XXXXXXX 291 Hemerocallis flava L. X.X. . . . . 292 Heracleum sphondylium L. ..XX.... 293 Hieracium bifidum Kit. ex Hornem. X...... 294 Hieracium cf. dollineri Schultz Bip. subsp. furcatum ..X..... 295 Hieracium murorum L. (= H. sylvaticum (L.) L.)X...... Hieracium piloselloides Vill. grex florentinum 296 H . XXXXXX . (All.) Zahn 297 Hieracium piloselloides Vill. subsp. cylindriceps N. & P..X...... 298 H Hieracium porrifolium L. subsp. porrifolium XX...... 299 H Hirochloë australis (Schrader) R. et Sch. . X ...... 300 Hippocrepis comosa L. .X..XX.. 301 Hippophaë rhamnoides subsp. fluviatilis v.Soest.. XXXXX . 302 Holcus lanatus L. ....X.XX 303 H Horminum pyrenaicum L. XX...... 304 Humulus lupulus L. . . X X . . X . 305 Hypericum montanum L. .X...... 306 Hypericum perforatum L. . XXXXXXX 307 Ilex aquifolium L. ...X.... 308 Impatiens balfourii Hook. f. . . X X X . X . 309 Impatiens glandulifera Royle . XXX . . . . 310 Impatiens noli-tangere L. .X...... 311 Impatiens parviflora DC. ..XX.... 312 H Inula ensifolia L. ..X..... 313 Iris pseudacorus L...... X. 314 Juglans regia L. ..XX.... 315 Juncus alpino-articulatus Chaix XXXXXX . . 316 H Juncus articulatus L. . XXXX . X . 317 H Juncus bufonius L. . . XXX . X . 318 Juncus conglomeratus L. ..XXX... 319 Juncus inflexus L. . XXX . . . . 320 Juncus ranarius Perr. & Song. ..X..... 321 Juncus subnodulosus Schrank . . X . . . X . 322 Juncus tenuis Willd. ..X..... 323 Juniperus communis L. XXXXX . . . 324 Kernera saxatilis (L.) Rchb. XX...... 325 Knautia dipsacifolia Kreutz. XXX..... 326 Knautia cf. longifolia (W. & K.) Koch . X ...... 327 H Knautia ressmannii (Pacher) Brick. XX...... 328 Koeleria gracilis Pers...... 329 Koeleria pyramidata (Lam.) PB. . XXXXXX . 330 H Koeleria cf. splendens K.Presl ....X... 331 Laburnum anagyroides Med. XXX.X. . Lamiastrum flavidum (F. Herm.) Ehrend. (= Lamium 332 .X ... .. galeobdolon (L.) L.) 333 Lamium montanum (Pers.) Hoffm. ex Kabath . X X . . . . . 334 Lamium orvala L. .X ..... 335 Larix decidua Mill. XX...... 336 H Laserpitium peucedanoides L. XX...... 337 H Laserpitium siler L. .X.X. . . . 338 Lathyrus heterophyllus L. .X...... Lathyrus laevigatus subsp. occidentalis (Fischer & 339 H X...... Meyer) Breitstr. 340 Lathyrus pratensis L. .X......

61 Investigation Areas: 123 4 56789 10 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 341 Lathyrus sylvestris L. .X.....X 342 Lathyrus vernus (L.) Bernh. ..X..... 343 H Leontodon berinii (Bartl.) Roth XXXXXX . . 344 Leontodon hispidus L. s.l. X . XXXX . . Leontodon hispidus subsp. hyoseroides (Welw . ex 345 H ....X... Rchb.) J.Murr 346 Leontodon hispidus subsp. glabratus (W.D.J.Koch) ....X... 347 H Leontodon incanus (L.)Schrank ..XX.... 348 Leucanthemum heterophyllum (Willd.) DC. XX...... 349 Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. . X . X X X . . 350 Ligustrum vulgare L. . XXXXXX . 351 Lilium martagon L. X...... 352 Linaria alpina (L.) Mill. . XXXX . . . 353 Linum catharticum L. XXX..... 354 Linum tenuifolium L. . . . XXXX . 355 Linum viscosum L. X...... 356 Lolium perenne L. . XXX . . XX 357 Lomelosia graminifolia (L.) Greuter & Burnet ...... 358 Lonicera alpigena L. XX...... 359 Lonicera japonica Thunb...... X. 360 Lonicera periclymenum L. ..XX.... 361 Lonicera xylosteum L. . XXX . . . . 362 Lotus corniculatus L. XXXXXXX . 363 Lotus corniculatus subsp. hirsutus (W.D.J.Koch) Rothm. . X ...... 364 Lotus pilosus Jord...... 365 Luzula nivea (L.) DC. X...... 366 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ...X.... 367 Lycopodium annotinum L. X...... 368 Lycopus europaeus L. . . XXXXX . 369 Lysimachia vulgaris L. . XXXXXX . 370 Lythrum salicaria L. . . XXXXX . 371 Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F.W.Schmidt .X...... 372 Matricaria chamomilla L. ..XX.... 373 M atricaria discoidea DC. . XXX . . . . 374 M atthiola carnica Tammaro . . XXXX . . 375 Medicago lupulina L. . XXXXXX . 376 Medicago x varia Martyn ...... XX 377 Melampyrum sylvaticum L. subsp. sylvaticum XX...... 378 Melica nutans L. XXXX . X . . 379 M elilotus alba Med. . XXXXXX . 380 Mentha aquatica L. . . X X . . X . 381 Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. emend. Harley . XXXXXX . 382 Mentha cf. x rotundifolia (L.) Huds. ....X... 383 Micromeria thymifolia (Scop.) Fritsch ...... 384 Milium effusum L. ..X..... 385 Moehringia ciliata (Scop.) DT. X...... Molinia caerulea subsp. arundinacea (Schrank) 386 H XXXXXXX . H.K.G.Paul 387 Molinia caerulea (L.) Moench subsp. caerulea XXXX . . . . 388 Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. .X...... 389 Myosotis scorpioides L. . . X . . . X . 390 Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench . X . . . . X . 391 H Myricaria germanica (L.) Desv. . X X X . . . . 392 Myriophyllum verticillatum L. ....X... 393 Nasturtium officinale Ait. fil. ..X..... 394 Oenothera biennis L. agg. . XXXXXX . 395 Oenothera oakesiana (A.Gray) Robbins ....XX.. 396 Oenothera parviflora L. agg...... XX. 397 Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. ....X... 398 Ononis spinosa L. .XX. .X. . Ophrys holosericea (Burm. fil.) Greuter (= O. fuciflora 399 ...X.... (F.W.Schmidt) Moench)

62 Investigation Areas: 123 4 56789 10 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 400 Ophrys insectifera L. X...... 401 Origanum vulgare L. s.l. .X...... 402 Orobanche gracilis Sm. X...... 403 Orthilia secunda (L.) House .X...... 404 Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. . XXXXXX . 405 Oxalis acetosella L. .X...... 406 Oxalis corniculata L. ...X..X. 407 Oxalis fontana Bunge ...... X. Panicum capillare L. (bei 7 Protokoll Müller 1992, 408 H ....XXX. S.51) 409 Parietaria officinalis L...... X. 410 Paris quadrifolia L. .X...... 411 Parnassia palustris L. XX...... 412 Pastinaca sativa L. .X.XX. . . 413 Pedicularis elongata A.Kerner X...... 414 Petasites hybridus (L.) G.,M. & Sch. . X X X . . X . 415 Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. XXXXX . . . 416 H Petrorhagia saxifraga (L.) Lk. . . XXXXX . 417 Peucedanum cervaria (L.) Lapeyr. . X . . . X . . 418 Peucedanum oreoselinum (L.) Moench X. .X.X. . 419 Peucedanum ostruthium (L.) Koch .X...... 420 H Peucedanum verticillare (L.) Mert. & Koch. . XXXXXX . 421 Phalaris arundinacea L. . . XXXXX . 422 Phalaris canariensis L. ..XX.... Phleum bertolonii DC. (= P. pratense subsp. bertolonii 423 ..XX.... (DC.) Bornm.) 424 Phleum pratense L. . XXX . . . X Phragmites australis (Lav.)Trin. ex Steud. (= P. 425 . XXX . . XX communis Trin.) 426 Phyteuma orbiculare L. X...... 427 Picea abies (L.) Karsten XXXX . . . . 428 Picris hieracioides L. . . X X . X X . 429 Pimpinella saxifraga L...... X.. 430 Pinus mugo Turra agg. XX...... 431 Pinus nigra Arnold ..XX.... 432 Pinus sylvestris L. XXXX . . . . 433 Plantago lanceolata L. . . XXXXXX Plantago major subsp. intermedia (Gilib.) Lange. (= P. 434 . X . XXXX . uliginosa F.W.Schmidt, = P. intermedia DC.) 435 Plantago major L. . XXXXXX . 436 Plantago media L. .X...... 437 Plantago serpentina All. (= P. strictissima L.).....X.. 438 H Platanus x hybrida Brot...... X. 439 Platanus cf. orientalis L...... X 440 Poa alpina L. XX...... 441 Poa annua L. . XXXX . X . 442 Poa compressa L. . XXXXXX . 443 Poa palustris L. . . X X . . X . 444 Poa pratensis L. ..XX.X.. 445 Poa trivialis L. . XXXX . X . 446 Polygala armara L. agg. .X...... 447 Polygala chamaebuxus L. XX...... 448 Polygala comosa Schkuhr XXX..... 449 Polygala nicaeensis subsp. forojulensis (A.Kern.) .X...... 450 Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. X...... 451 Polygonum aviculare L. agg. . X X X . X X . 452 Polygonum hydropiper L...... X. 453 H Polygonum lapathifolium L. . XXXXXX . 454 Polygonum persicaria L. . XXXXXX . 455 Polygonum viviparum L. X...... 456 Populus alba L...... X. 457 Populus x canescens (Ait.) Sm. XXXX . . . .

63 Investigation Areas: 123 4 56789 10 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 458 H Populus nigra L. (incl. P. x canadensis Moench).. XXXXXX 459 Populus tremula L. X...... 460 Potamogeton natans L...... X. 461 Potamogeton perfoliatus L. . . XXX . X . 462 Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeuschel XX...... 463 Potentilla reptans L. ...X.... 464 Primula vulgaris Huds. (= P. acaulis (L.) Hill) . . X X . . . . 465 Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler XX.XX.X. 466 Prunella vulgaris L. ..XXX... 467 Prunus avium L. .XXX . . . . 468 Prunus mahaleb L. ...X.... 469 Pulicaria dysenterica (L.) Bernh...... XX. 470 Pulmonaria mollis agg. .X...... 471 Pyrola minor L. X...... 472 Pyrola rotundifolia L. X...... 473 H Quercus pubescens Willd. ...XX... 474 Ranunculus acris L. . XXX . . . . 475 Ranunculus aquatilis L. ...X.... 476 Ranunculus circinatus Sibth. ...x.... 477 Ranunculus lanuginosus L. .X...... 478 Ranunculus nemorosus DC. (3: s.str.) .XX..... 479 Ranunculus repens L. . XXXX . . . 480 Reseda lutea L. . XXXXXX . 481 Rhamnus saxatilis Jacq. .XX.X... 482 Rhamnus catharticus L. ..XX.... Rhinanthus aristatus Celak. (Achtung! ist eventuell der 483 XX . XXX . . Endemit Rh. pampanini Chabert) 484 Rhinanthus freynii (Kerner) Fiori .X...... 485 Rhododendron hirsutum L. XX...... 486 Ribes nigrum L. .X...... 487 Robinia pseudoacacia L. . . XXX . X . 488 Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess. emend. Jons...... X. 489 Rosa canina L...... 490 Rosa glauca Pourr. non Vill. . . X . . . . . 491 Rosa pendulina L. XX...... 492 Rubus caesius L. . XXXXXXX 493 Rubus corylifolius agg...... X. 494 Rubus fruticosus agg. .X.X. . . . 495 Rubus idaeus L. .X...... 496 Rubus saxatilis L. XX...... 497 H Rubus ulmifolius Schott s.l. ....X.X. 498 Rumex conglomeratus Murray .....X.. 499 Rumex crispus L. .X..X... Sacharum ravenae (L.) Murray (= Erianthus ravennae 500 ...... X. (L.) PB.) 501 Salix alba L. . XXXXXX . 502 Salix appendiculata Vill. XXX..... 503 Salix caprea L. .X...... 504 H Salix daphnoides Vill. XXXXXX . . 505 Salix daphnoides Vill. x nigricans Sm. .X...... 506 H Salix elaeagnos Scop. XXXXXXX . 507 H Salix glabra Scop. X...... 508 H Salix myrsinifolia Salisb. (= S. nigricans Sm.)XXXX . . . . 509 Salix purpurea L. XXXXXXX . 510 Salix purpurea subsp. angustior LautenschlagerX...... 511 Salix purpurea L. x S. daphnoides Vill. . . X X . . . . 512 Salix purpurea subsp. gracilis (Wimm.) BuserX...... 513 Salix reticulata L. X...... 514 H Salix x rubens Schrank ...X.XXX 515 Salix triandra L. .XX. .XXX 516 H Salix viminalis L...... X. 517 Salvia glutinosa L. XXXX . . . .

64 Investigation Areas: 123 4 56789 10 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 518 H Salvia verticillata L. ...X.... 519 Sambucus nigra L. . XXX . . X . 520 Sanguisorba minor Scop. . XXXXXX . 521 Sanguisorba minor subsp. polygama (Waldst. & Kit.) .....X.. 522 Saponaria officinalis L. ..XXX... 523 Satureja montana subsp. variegata (Host) P.W.Ball . . . X X . X . 524 Saxifraga aizoides L. .X...... 525 Saxifraga caesia L. XX...... 526 Scabiosa columbaria L. XXXX . X . . 527 H Scabiosa graminifolia L. . XXXXX . . 528 H Scabiosa triandra L. (= Scabiosa gramuntia L.). X . XXXXX Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla (= Scirpus m. (L.) 529 H ...... X. Palla) 530 Scirpus triqueter (L.) Palla ...... X. Scrophularia canina L. (incl. S. juratensis 531 H XXXXXXX . Schleich. ex Wydler) 532 Scutellaria galericulata L...... X.. 533 Sedum sexangulare L. emend. Grimm (= S. mite Gilib.) ..XX.X.. 534 Selaginella helvetica (L.)Spring . X . X X . . . 535 Selaginella selaginoides (L.)PB. ex Schrank & Mart.X...... 536 H Senecio erraticus Bertol. ....X.X. 537 H Senecio inaequidens DC. . . XXXX . . 538 Senecio vulgaris L. . X . . XXX . 539 Seseli gouanii Koch . . X X . . X . 540 H Sesleria varia Jacq. XXXXX. X . 541 Setaria pumila (Poiret) Schultes ...... X. 542 Setaria verticillata (L.) PB. . . X X . . X . 543 H Setaria viridis (L.) PB. . . XXXXX . 544 Silene alba (Mill.) E.H.L.Krause ...... X. 545 H Silene pusilla W. & K. XX...... 546 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke . XXXXX . . 547 Silene vulgaris subsp. angustifolia (Miller) Hajek...... X Silene vulgaris subsp. glareosa (Jord.) Marsden- 548 H XXXX . . . . Jones & Turrill 549 H Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. vulgaris . XXXXXX . 550 Sinapis arvensis L. .X...... 551 Solanum dulcamara L. . XXX . . X . 552 Solanum nigrum L. emend. Mill. subsp. nigrum . . XXXXX . 553 Solanum nigrum subsp. schultesii (Opiz) Vessely...... X 554 Solidago canadensis L. ...X.... 555 Solidago gigantea var. ser o t i n a (O.Kuntze) Cronq. . . XXXXXX 556 Solidago virgaurea L. X.XX.... 557 Sonchus arvensis L. . XXX . . X . 558 Sonchus asper (L.) Hill . . X X . X X . 559 Sonchus oleraceus L. .X.X.XX. 560 Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz X . X . . . . . 561 Sorbus aucuparia L. s.l. .X...... 562 Sorbus chamaemespilus (L.) Crantz X...... 563 H Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. ....XXXX 564 Sparganium emersum Rehm subsp. emersum ...X.... 565 Spirea douglasii Hooker ...... X. 566 H Stachys alopecurus (L.) Bentham X...... 567 Stachys sylvatica L. .X.X. . . . 568 Stellaria media (L.) Vill. .X...... 569 H Stellaria nemorum L. . X X . . . X . 570 H Stipa eriocaulis Borbás ....X... 571 Symphytum officinale L. ..XX.... Symphytum officinale subsp. bohemicum (F.W.Schmidt) 572 ...... X. Celak. 573 Symphytum tuberosum subsp. nodosum (Schur) Soó.X...... 574 H Tamus communis L. . . X X . X X . 575 Tanacetum vulgare L. . . XXXXXX

65 Investigation Areas: 123 4 56789 10 11 Mauria di Forni Sotto Amaro Cornino Spilim- bergo Casarsa Bolzano Latisana Estuary Flambro Vivaro No.HSpecies ababababababababababab 576 Taraxacum officinale L. s.l. (sect. Rud. ) . XXXXXX . 577 Teucrium chamaedrys L...... 578 Teucrium montanum L. XX...... 579 Thalictrum aquilegiifolium L. X . XXX . . . 580 Thalictrum lucidum L...... 581 Thalictrum minus L. agg. ..X..... 582 Thesium divaricatum Jan ex Mert. & Koch ...XX... 583 Thesium linophyllon L. .X.XX.X. 584 Thesium pyrenaicum Purr. . X . . . X . . 585 Thesium rostratum Mert. & Koch . X X . X . . . 586 Thlaspi arvense L...... X.. 587 H Thymus longicaulis C.Presl ...X.X.. Thymus praecox subsp. polytrichus (Kern. ex 588 H . XXXXXX . Borb.)Ronn. 589 Thymus polytrichus Kerner .....XX. Thymus pulegioides L. s.l. (nach Pignatti: T. alpestris 590 H . XXXXX . . Tausch) 591 Tilia cordata Mill. ...X.... 592 Tilia platyphyllos Scop. ..XX.X.. 593 Tofieldia calyculata (L.) Wahlenb. X X X . . . . . Tolpis staticifolia (All.) Schultz-Bip. (= Hieracium 594 .X...... staticifolium All.) 595 Tortella tortuosa (L.) Limpr. . X . X . . . . 596 Tragopogon pratensis L. ..XX.... 597 Trifolium campestre Schreb. . . X X . X . . 598 Trifolium medium L. .X...... 599 Trifolium montanum L. X...... 600 Trifolium pratense L. . XXXX . XX 601 Trifolium repens L. . . . XXXXX Trisetum argenteum (Willd.) Roem. & Schultes (T. 602 H XX...... districhophyllum agg.) 603 Trollius europaeus L. X...... 604 Tussilago farfara L. XXXXXXX . 605 Typha latifolia L. . . X . . . X . Ulmus glabra Huds. (= U. montana With., = U. s cab ra 606 ..XX.... Mill.) 607 Urtica dioica L. . XXX . . X . 608 Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. X...... 609 Valeriana montana L. X.....X. 610 Valeriana officinalis agg. ..X..... 611 Valeriana saxatilis L. XX...... 612 Verbascum densiflorum Bertol...... X.. 613 Verbascum thapsus L. (evtl. V. thapsiforme Schrader?)..X..... 614 Verbena officinalis L...... XX. 615 Veronica anagallis-aquatica L. . XXXXXX . 616 H Veronica beccabunga L. . XXX . XX . 617 Veronica persica Poir. .X.X. . . . 618 Veronica urticifolia Jacq. XX...... 619 Viburnum lantana L. XXXX . . . . 620 Viburnum opulus L. . XXX . . . . 621 Vicia cracca L. XXXXX . . . 622 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria L.W.Medicus s.l. XXX..... 623 Vincetoxicum hirundinaria L.W.Medicus subsp. ...X.... 624 Viola biflora L. X...... 625 Viola hirta L. XX...... 626 Viola riviniana Rchb. . XXX . . . . 627 Vitis vinifera L. . . X X . . X . 628 H Xanthium saccharatum Wallr. (= X. italicum . . XXXXX . 629 H Xanthium strumarium L. . . XXX . X . 630 ...... 631 ...... 632 ......

66 8 LITERATURE

8.1 GENERAL LITERATURE: ADAC Verlag GmbH (1995): Das große ADAC Alpenbuch. München und Mairs Geographischer Verlag, Ostfildern Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, R. (1994): Exkursionsflora von Österreich. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart und Wien Barndt, D., Platen, R. & Wachmann, E. (1995): Laufkäfer: Beobachtung und Lebensweise. Naturbuchverlag Augsburg Bellmann, H, (1993): Heuschrecken; Beobachten–Bestimmen. Naturbuchverlag Augsburg Bunalski, M. (1999): Die Blatthornkäfer Mitteleuropas, Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea; Bestimmung – Verbreitung – Ökologie. Slamka, Bratislava European Commission DG Environment (2007): Interpretation Manual of European Habitats (EUR 27) Fontana, P., Buzzetti, F. M., Cogo, A. & Baudewijn, O. (2002): Guida al Riconoscimento e allo studio di Cavallette, Grilli, Mantidi e Insetti affini del . Blattaria, Mantodea, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Phasmatodea, Dermaptera, Embiidina. Museo Naturalistico Archeologico di Vicenza Ed., Vicenza Geigenmüller, K. & Trautner, J., (1987): Sandlaufkäfer, Laufkäfer: Illustrierter Schlüssel zu den Cicindeliden und Carabiden Europas. J. Margraf, Aichtal Huemer, P. (1996): Lepidopteren im Bereich der dealpinen Flüsse Medusa und Tagliamento (Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Norditalien). Gortania Atti del Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale 18: 201-214 Jäger, J.E. & Werner, K. (eds.) (2005) Rothmaler – Exkursionsflora von Deutschland Band 2 & 3 – Gefäßpflanzen Grund- & Atlasband. Elsevier/Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, München Kahlen, M. (2002): Die Käfer der Ufer und Auen des Tagliamento (Erster Beitrag: Eigene Sammelergebnisse). Gortania Atti del Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale 24: 147-202 Kollmann, J., Viele, M., Edwards, P.J., Trockner, K. & Ward J.V. (1999): Interactions between vegetation development and island formation in the Alpine river Tagliamento. Applied Vegetation Science 2: 25-36 Kuhn, K. (1995): Beobachtungen zu einigen Tiergruppen am Tagliamento. Jahrbuch des Vereins zum Schutz der Bergwelt 60: 71-86 Kuhn, K.(2005): Die Kiesbänke des Tagliamento (Friaul, Italien) – Ein Lebensraum für Spezialisten im Tierreich. Jahrbuch des Vereins zum Schutz der Bergwelt 70: 37-44 Kunth, Travelmag Reiseatlas (2005/2006): Reiseatlas Alpen, Provence, Cote d´Azur, Norditalien, Europa. GeoGraphic Puplisher GmbH & Co.Kg, München Lautenschlager-Fleury, D. & E. (1994): Die Weiden von Mittel- und Nordeuropa; Bestimmungsschlüssel und Artenbeschreibung für die Gattung Salix L. Birkenhäuser Verlag, Basel, Bosten und Berlin Lippert, W., Müller, N., Rossel, S., Schauer, T. & Vetter, G. ( 1995 ): Tagliamento- Flußmorphologie und Auenvegetation der größten Wildflußlandschaft in den Alpen. Jahrbuch des Vereins zum Schutz der Bergwelt 60: 11-70

67 Mertz, P. (2000): Pflanzengesellschaften Mitteleuropas und der Alpen; Erkennen, Bestimmen, Bewerten, Ein Handbuch für die vegetationskundliche Praxis. ecomed Verlagsgesellschaft, AG & Co. KG Müller, N. & von Heßberg, A. (2005): Alpenworkshop und Internationale Flusskonferenz Tagliamento 2005 – Ergebnisse. Selbstverlag Fachbereich Landschaftsarchitektur FHE, Erfurt Müller, N. (1991a): Veränderungen alpiner Wildflußlandschaften in Mitteleuropa unter dem Einfluß des Menschen. Augsburger Ökologische Schriften 2: 9-30 Müller, N. (1991b): Auenvegetation des Lech bei Augsburg und ihre Veränderungen infolge von Flußbaumaßnahmen. Augsburger Ökologische Schriften 2: 79-108 Müller, N. (1995): Wandel von Flora und Vegetation nordalpiner Wildflußlandschaften unter dem Einfluß des Menschen. Ber. ANL 19: 125-187 Müller, N. (2004): Skriptum: Vegetationsökologie. Fachbereich Landschaftsarchitektur FHE, Erfurt n.p. Müller, N. (2005): Die herausragende Stellung des Tagliamento (Friaul, Italien) im Europäischen Schutzgebietssystem NATURA 2000. Jahrbuch des Vereins zum Schutz der Bergwelt 70: 19-35 Müller, N., Besch, T., Grosser, N. & Müller, O. (2006): Materialien zum Internationalen Alpen Workshop Tagliamento 2006. Selbstverlag Fachbereich Landschaftsarchitektur FHE, Erfurt Müller, N., Dalhof, B., Häcker, B.& Vetter, G. (1992): Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Flußbaumaßnahmen auf Flußmorphologie und Auenvegetation des Lech - eine Bilanz nach 100 Jahren Wasserbau. Ber. ANL 16: 181-214 Pfadenhauer, J. (1993): Vegetationsökologie – ein Skriptum. IHW, Eching Pfeuffer, E. (2003): Zur Heuschreckenfauna des Tagliamento (Norditalien). Articulata 18(2): 215-225 Poldini, L. (1991): Atlante corologico delle piante vascolari; Nel Friuli-Venezia Giulia – Inventario floristico regionale. Udine Poldini, L., Oriolo, G., Vidali, M. (2001): Vascular Flora of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. An annotated Catalogue and synonimic Index. Studia Geobotanica 21(1): 1-227 Reich, M. (1991): Grasshoppers (Orthoptera, Saltatoria) on alpine and dealpine riverbanks and their use as indicators for natural floodplain dynamics. Regulated rivers: Research and Management, Vol. 6, 333-339 Reisigl, H. & Keller, R (1987): Alpenpflanzen im Lebensraum; Alpine Rasen Schutt- und Felsvegetation. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart Stresemann, E. (2000): Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland; Wirbellose: Insekten. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg Tockner, K., Surian, N. & Toniutti, N. (2005): Geomorphologie, Ökologie und nachhaltiges Management einer Wildflusslandschaft am Beispiel des Friume Tagliamente (Friaul, Italien) – ein Modellökosystem für den Alpenraum. Jahrbuch des Verein zum Schutz der Bergwelt 70: 3-17 Westermann Schulbuchverlag GmbH (1991): Dierke Weltatlas. Westermann Druck, Braunschweig

68 8.2 WORKING LITERATURE AND MAPS

Tab. 11: Working literature and maps inclusive number of copies

Nr. Author(s) Year Title Publisher Owner Quantity Adler, W., Oswald, K. & Fischer, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 1 1994 Exkursionsflora von Österreich WL 1124 A237 4 R. Stuttgart und Wien Aeschimann, D., Lauber, K., Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern, 2 2004 Flora alpina, Band 1 WL 1125 A253-1 1 Moser, D. M., Theurillant, J.-P. Stuttgart, Wien Aeschimann, D., Lauber, K., Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern, 3 2004 Flora alpina, Band 2 WL 1125 A253-2 1 Moser, D. M., Theurillant, J.-P. Stuttgart, Wien Aeschimann, D., Lauber, K., Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern, 4 2004 Flora alpina, Band 3 WL 1125 A253-3 1 Moser, D. M., Theurillant, J.-P. Stuttgart, Wien Berichte dea Instituts für Landschafts- und Pflanzenökologie der Universität Arndt, U., Böcker, A., Kohler, A., 5 1996 Hohenheim- Flüsse und Norbert Müller 1 Konold, W., Müller, W.A. Flusslandschaften in Friaul-Veneetien, Slowenien und Kroatien Tagliamento due sponde sul fiume- Guida Comitato studi 6 Comitato Studi Tagliamento. 2005 storico tecnica di un tratto del medio Norbert Müller 1 Tagliamento Spilimbergo corso Invasive Neophyten am Tagliamento 2005/0 (Italien)- Bestandsaufnahme, 7 Geobotanisches Institut Zürich. Norbert Müller 1 6 Invasionsprozesse auf Inseln, Ökologie von Amorpha fructicosa Tagliamento Exkursion- Universität 8 Heßberg, A., Klotzenburg, M. 2009 Norbert Müller 1 Tübingen und Universität Hohenheim Verlag Paul Parey, WL9680 K63 (12) 9 Klapp, E., Opitz von Boberfeld,W. 1990 Taschenbuch der Gräser. 12. Auflage 1 Berlin und Hamburg +7 Verlag Paul Haupt, Bern, 10 Lauber. K,. Wagner, G. 2001 Flora helvetica 3. Auflage WL 1126 L366 (3) 1 Stuttgart, Wien Der Tagliamento- Flußmorphologie und Lippert, W., Müller, N., Rossel, 11 1995 Auenvegetation der großen Norbert Müller 2 S., Schauer, T., Vetter, G. Wildflusslandschaften in den Alpen Beobachtungen zu einigen Tiergruppen 12 Kuhn,K. 1995 Norbert Müller 1 am Tagliamento Hydrobiologische Untersuchungen am 13 Kretschmer, W. 1995 Norbert Müller 1 Tagliamento (Friaul, Italien) Verlag Il Tagliamento- Immagin eappunti sul "rei 14 Mion, B. 2005 ediRISMA,Roveredo in RO 45915 M 669 1 del fiumi alpini" Piano Eigenverlag FHE - 15 Müller, N. 2004 Alpen Workshop Tagliamento 2004 Fachbereich Norbert Müller 1 Landschaftsarchitektur Eigenverlag FHE - Müller, N., Bangert, U., Drecher, Alpen Workshop Tagliamento 2004- 16 2004 Fachbereich Norbert Müller 1 A., Kuhn, K. Ergebnisse Landschaftsarchitektur Alpen Workshop & Inernationale Eigenverlag FHE - 17 Müller, N., Heßberg, A. 2005 Flusskonferenz Tagliamento 2005 - Fachbereich Norbert Müller 1 Ergebnisse Landschaftsarchitektur Materialien zum Alpen Workshop & zur Eigenverlag FHE - Müller, N., Heßberg, A., 18 2005 Internationalen Flusskonferenz Fachbereich Norbert Müller 1 Radenberg, E. Tagliamento 2005 Landschaftsarchitektur Müller, N. , Verein zum Schutz Rettet den Tagliamento Friaul/Italien- 19 2005 Norbert Müller 2 der Bergwelt e.V. König der Alpenflüsse Atlante corologicol delle Piante vascolari Inventario floristico 20 Poldini, L. 1991 WL 1136 P762 1 nel Friuli-Venezia Giulia regionale. Udine Weiden in der Praxis- Die weide Verlag Patzer, Berling- 21 Schiechtl. H.M. 1992 Mitteleuropas, ihre Verwendung und ihre WL 8865 S332 +4 4 Hannover Bestimmung Tagliamento / Friaul (Nordost-Italien) - 22 Rossel, S. 1993 Norbert Müller 1 Ergebnisse der Exkursion Carta topographica per escursionisti 23 Tobacco ? Norbert Müller je 1 M1:25.000. Foglio 02,013, 020,020, 027 Carta stradale della Regione autonoma 24 Tobacco 2005 Norbert Müller 1 Friuli-Venezia Giuglia M 1:100.000

69 9 LEGEND TO PICTURES ON FRONT & BACK COVER

Front cover outside:

1. 1991 Cornino 2. 2005 demonstration 3. 2005 1st River conference at for preservation of Tagliamento at St. Pietro Gemona

4. 2007 Mt. Ragogna, upstream view

Front cover inside:

1. 2006 Gemona 2. 2009 Forni di Sotto 3. 2007 Cornino

Back cover inside:

1. 1991 Forni di Sotto 2. 1991 Mt. Ragogna 3. 1992 Bibione 4. 2004 Cornino 5. 2005 Passo della Mauria, a 6. 2005 Bolzano, a presentation by presentation by Andreas von Manfred Kahlen Heßberg 7. 2005 final ceremony at Gemona 8. 2005 final ceremony at Gemona 9. 2006 Spilimbergo 10. 2006 Amaro, Mantis religiosa L.

Back cover outside:

1. 2006 Forni di Sotto 2. 2007 Casarsa 3. 2007 Mt. Ragogna 4. 2007 at Hotel Ai Glicini, Cornino 5. 2009 Passo della Mauria 6. 2009 Cornino 7. 2009 Bolzano 8. 2010 Flambro 9. 2010 Vivaro 10. 2010 Tauern/Alps

All Photographs belong to their respective owners & Tagliamento Workshop 1991-2011.

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