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A Symphony of Noises: Revisiting Oskar Sala's 'Geräuschmontage'
Journal of Sound, Silence, Image and Technology 7 Número 2 | Desembre 2019 | 7-23 ISSN 2604-451X A Symphony of Noises: Revisiting Oskar Sala’s ‘Geräuschmontage’ for Alfred Hitchcock’s ‘The Birds’ (1963) Julin Lee Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany [email protected] Date received:10-10-2019 Date of acceptance: 30-11-2019 KEY WORDS: FILM MUSIC | SOUND DESIGN | SOUND STUDIES | MATERIAL CULTURE STUDIES | ORGANOLOGY Journal of Sound, Silence, Image and Technology | Número 2 | Desembre 2019 8 A Symphony of Noises: Revisiting Oskar Sala’s ‘Geräuschmontage’ for Alfred Hitchcock’s ‘The Birds’ (1963) ABSTRACT accompanying the title sequence has a The soundtrack of Alfred Hitchcock’s The formal structure which resembles a classical Birds (1963) is particularly remarkable, not Hollywood film overture, and takes on only because of the absence of a conven- several expositional roles conventionally tional orchestral underscore, but also assigned to a film’s opening musical pas- because the terrifying sounds of the sage. Furthermore, the gull cries adopt the aberrant birds were actually synthesized by function of a leitmotif, while the stylized bird Oskar Sala using the mixturtrautonium, an sounds perform emotive functions usually electronic musical instrument of his own ascribed to film music. In addition, the design. This paper explores the extent to hostile birds are characterized by electroni- which these electronically synthesized bird cally synthesized bird sounds – a representa- sounds go beyond their diegetic placement tion which can be understood within the as sound effects and take on the dramaturgi- broader context of mankind’s ambivalence cal roles usually ascribed to non-diegetic towards machines and technological film music. -
Computer Music
THE OXFORD HANDBOOK OF COMPUTER MUSIC Edited by ROGER T. DEAN OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2009 by Oxford University Press, Inc. First published as an Oxford University Press paperback ion Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Oxford handbook of computer music / edited by Roger T. Dean. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-19-979103-0 (alk. paper) i. Computer music—History and criticism. I. Dean, R. T. MI T 1.80.09 1009 i 1008046594 789.99 OXF tin Printed in the United Stares of America on acid-free paper CHAPTER 12 SENSOR-BASED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS AND INTERACTIVE MUSIC ATAU TANAKA MUSICIANS, composers, and instrument builders have been fascinated by the expres- sive potential of electrical and electronic technologies since the advent of electricity itself. -
UNIVERZITET UMETNOSTI U BEOGRADU FAKULTET MUZIČKE UMETNOSTI Katedra Za Muzikologiju
UNIVERZITET UMETNOSTI U BEOGRADU FAKULTET MUZIČKE UMETNOSTI Katedra za muzikologiju Milan Milojković DIGITALNA TEHNOLOGIJA U SRPSKOJ UMETNIČKOJ MUZICI Doktorska disertacija Beograd, 2017. Mentor: dr Vesna Mikić, redovni profesor, Univerzitet umetnosti u Beogradu, Fakultet muzičke umetnosti, Katedra za muzikologiju Članovi komisije: 2 Digitalna tehnologija u srpskoj umetničkoj muzici Rezime Od prepravke vojnog digitalnog hardvera entuzijasta i amatera nakon Drugog svetskog rata, preko institucionalnog razvoja šezdesetih i sedamdesetih i globalne ekspanzije osamdesetih i devedesetih godina prošlog veka, računari su prešli dug put od eksperimenta do podrazumevanog sredstva za rad u gotovo svakoj ljudskoj delatnosti. Paralelno sa ovim razvojem, praćena je i nit njegovog „preseka“ sa umetničkim muzičkim poljem, koja se manifestovala formiranjem interdisciplinarne umetničke prakse računarske muzike koju stvaraju muzički inženjeri – kompozitori koji vladaju i veštinama programiranja i digitalne sinteze zvuka. Kako bi se muzički sistemi i teorije preveli u računarske programe, bilo je neophodno sakupiti i obraditi veliku količinu podataka, te je uspostavljena i zajednička humanistička disciplina – computational musicology. Tokom osamdesetih godina na umetničku scenu stupa nova generacija autora koji na računaru postepeno počinju da obavljaju sve više poslova, te se pojava „kućnih“ računara poklapa sa „prelaskom“ iz modernizma u postmodernizam, pa i ideja muzičkog inženjeringa takođe proživljava transformaciju iz objektivističke, sistematske autonomne -
A History of Electroacoustics: Hollywood 1956 – 1963 by Peter T
A History of Electroacoustics: Hollywood 1956 – 1963 By Peter T. Humphrey A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Music and the Designated Emphasis in New Media in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor James Q. Davies, Chair Professor Nicholas de Monchaux Professor Mary Ann Smart Professor Nicholas Mathew Spring 2021 Abstract A History of Electroacoustics: Hollywood 1956 – 1963 by Peter T. Humphrey Doctor of Philosophy in Music and the Designated Emphasis in New Media University of California, Berkeley Professor James Q. Davies, Chair This dissertation argues that a cinematic approach to music recording developed during the 1950s, modeling the recording process of movie producers in post-production studios. This approach to recorded sound constructed an imaginary listener consisting of a blank perceptual space, whose sonic-auditory experience could be controlled through electroacoustic devices. This history provides an audiovisual genealogy for electroacoustic sound that challenges histories of recording that have privileged Thomas Edison’s 1877 phonograph and the recording industry it generated. It is elucidated through a consideration of the use of electroacoustic technologies for music that centered in Hollywood and drew upon sound recording practices from the movie industry. This consideration is undertaken through research in three technologies that underwent significant development in the 1950s: the recording studio, the mixing board, and the synthesizer. The 1956 Capitol Records Studio in Hollywood was the first purpose-built recording studio to be modelled on sound stages from the neighboring film lots. The mixing board was the paradigmatic tool of the recording studio, a central interface from which to direct and shape sound. -
Persephonemarkii
Persephone MarkII Analogue Duophonic Fingerboard Synthesizer User’s Manual Eowave Persephone markII user’s manual 1 Table Of Contents Cautions Persephone: What is it? Where does it come from? A little bit of history… General Overview Connections Synthesis Architecture Synthesis Section Control Section Routings Factory Routings User Routings MIDI IN/MIDI out/USB How to update my Persephone? MDI Implementation Terms Of Warrant CE & FCC Congratulations! You’re now the owner of a Persephone MarkII, a wonderful new instrument inspired by the first electronic non-keyboard instruments whilst featuring the most advanced sensor technology. We hope that you will enjoy playing this unique instrument and that it will bring a new dimension to your creativity. The Persephone MarkII is a handmade instrument and therefore, individual units can differ from one another. For any questions, please contact eowave at [email protected] CAUTION! Before using the Persephone MarkII, make sure you have read the following instructions carefully, as well as the instructions for use. RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT OPEN OR MODIFY THE PERSEPHONE REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL. TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK, DO NOT REMOVE COVER (OR BACK). NON USER-SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE Do not try to repair the Persephone, its ribbon, its expression key or its components inside. Please contact Eowave for technical support. Avoid all sharp object contact on the ribbon. Do not use the Persephone MarkII or store it under extreme temperature conditions or expose it to direct sunlight, damp or dusty areas, areas prone to strong vibrations. Before you plug in the Persephone MarkII, always check the voltage. -
A History of Audio Effects
applied sciences Review A History of Audio Effects Thomas Wilmering 1,∗ , David Moffat 2 , Alessia Milo 1 and Mark B. Sandler 1 1 Centre for Digital Music, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (M.B.S.) 2 Interdisciplinary Centre for Computer Music Research, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 December 2019; Accepted: 13 January 2020; Published: 22 January 2020 Abstract: Audio effects are an essential tool that the field of music production relies upon. The ability to intentionally manipulate and modify a piece of sound has opened up considerable opportunities for music making. The evolution of technology has often driven new audio tools and effects, from early architectural acoustics through electromechanical and electronic devices to the digitisation of music production studios. Throughout time, music has constantly borrowed ideas and technological advancements from all other fields and contributed back to the innovative technology. This is defined as transsectorial innovation and fundamentally underpins the technological developments of audio effects. The development and evolution of audio effect technology is discussed, highlighting major technical breakthroughs and the impact of available audio effects. Keywords: audio effects; history; transsectorial innovation; technology; audio processing; music production 1. Introduction In this article, we describe the history of audio effects with regards to musical composition (music performance and production). We define audio effects as the controlled transformation of a sound typically based on some control parameters. As such, the term sound transformation can be considered synonymous with audio effect. -
History of Electronic Sound Modification'
PAPERS `)6 .)-t. corms 1-0 V History of Electronic Sound Modification' HARALD BODE Bode Sound Co., North Tonawanda, NY 14120, USA 0 INTRODUCTION 2 THE ELECTRONIC ERA The history of electronic sound modification is as After the Telharmonium, and especially after the old as the history of electronic musical instruments and invention of the vacuum tube, scores of electronic (and electronic sound transmission, recording, and repro- electronic mechanical) musical instruments were in- duction . vented with sound modification features . The Hammond Means for modifying electrically generated sound organ is ofspecial interest, since it evolved from Cahill's have been known. since the late 19th century, when work . Many notable inventions in electronic sound Thaddeus Cahill created his Telharmonium . modification are associated with this instrument, which With the advent of the electronic age, spurred first will be discussed later. by the invention of the electron tube, and the more Other instruments of the early 1930s included the recent development of solid-state devices, an astounding Trautonium by the German F. Trautwein, which was variety of sound modifiers have been created for fil- built in several versions . The Trautonium used reso- tering, distorting, equalizing, amplitude and frequency nance filters to emphasize selective overtone regions, modulating, Doppler effect and ring modulating, com- called formants [I 1]-[ 14] . In contrast, the German Jorg pressing, reverberating, repeating, flanging, phasing, Mager built an organlike instrument for which he used pitch changing, chorusing, frequency shifting, ana- loudspeakers with all types of driver systems and shapes lyzing, and resynthesizing natural and artificial sound. to obtain different sounds . In this paper some highlights of historical devel- In 1937 the author created the Warbo Formant organ, opment are reviewed, covering the time from 1896 to which had circuitry for envelope shaping as well as the present. -
Harpsichord and Its Discourses
Popular Music and Instrument Technology in an Electronic Age, 1960-1969 Farley Miller Schulich School of Music McGill University, Montréal April 2018 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Ph.D. in Musicology © Farley Miller 2018 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................... iv Résumé ..................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ vi Introduction | Popular Music and Instrument Technology in an Electronic Age ............................................................................................................................ 1 0.1: Project Overview .................................................................................................................. 1 0.1.1: Going Electric ................................................................................................................ 6 0.1.2: Encountering and Categorizing Technology .................................................................. 9 0.2: Literature Review and Theoretical Concerns ..................................................................... 16 0.2.1: Writing About Music and Technology ........................................................................ 16 0.2.2: The Theory of Affordances ......................................................................................... -
Electronics in Music Ebook, Epub
ELECTRONICS IN MUSIC PDF, EPUB, EBOOK F C Judd | 198 pages | 01 Oct 2012 | Foruli Limited | 9781905792320 | English | London, United Kingdom Electronics In Music PDF Book Main article: MIDI. In the 90s many electronic acts applied rock sensibilities to their music in a genre which became known as big beat. After some hesitation, we agreed. Main article: Chiptune. Pietro Grossi was an Italian pioneer of computer composition and tape music, who first experimented with electronic techniques in the early sixties. Music produced solely from electronic generators was first produced in Germany in Moreover, this version used a new standard called MIDI, and here I was ably assisted by former student Miller Puckette, whose initial concepts for this task he later expanded into a program called MAX. August 18, Some electronic organs operate on the opposing principle of additive synthesis, whereby individually generated sine waves are added together in varying proportions to yield a complex waveform. Cage wrote of this collaboration: "In this social darkness, therefore, the work of Earle Brown, Morton Feldman, and Christian Wolff continues to present a brilliant light, for the reason that at the several points of notation, performance, and audition, action is provocative. The company hired Toru Takemitsu to demonstrate their tape recorders with compositions and performances of electronic tape music. Other equipment was borrowed or purchased with personal funds. By the s, magnetic audio tape allowed musicians to tape sounds and then modify them by changing the tape speed or direction, leading to the development of electroacoustic tape music in the s, in Egypt and France. -
The History of Musical Synthesis CCRMA Open House.Key
A Brief History of Musical Synthesis Pat Scandalis CCRMA Open House 3/3/2017 03/03/2017 1 The Seminar Presentation http://www.moforte.com/ccrma-open-house-presentation-2017/ Or look in the blog section of moforte.com 03/03/2017 2 Overview • Synthesis in the Age of Radio. Tubes! • Synthesis Techniques • Modern Synth Instruments • The Future 03/03/2017 3 What is your First Impression of a Synthesizer? • People have always searched for new expressive ways to perform music and sound, ways to explore new timbres. • I believe that many people who are interested in synthesized sound, Jessica Seeley experience music with Synesthesia • My first impression was “Switched On Bach” - Wendy Carlos 1968 03/03/2017 4 Trick Question: What was the first subscription music service? 03/03/2017 5 The Telharmonium Mark II Thaddeus Cahill (1897 - 1912) • Tone Wheel additive synthesis like a Hammond Organ • … Except that it weighted 200 tons. • Looks like a steam punk data center • Telharmonium tones where sine waves. “Clear and pure”. • Subscription model. Broadcast to businesses and telephones. • Funded like a modern venture ($200k = $5M), pitching, patents, road show … • Cross talk with phone lines was a problem • No recordings. Last parts scrapped in 1962 03/03/2017 6 Early Electronic/Electro Mechanical Instruments from the Age of Radio • Telharmonium (1897) • Player Pianos (1900) • Theremin (1920) • Ondes Martenot (1928) • Trautonium (1929) • Hammond Organ (1935) • The Ondioline (1941) • Novachord (1939) • The Voder 03/03/2017 7 Player Pianos (1900 - Present) • Some designs as early as 1876 • Pianola and reproducing pianos. • Peaked in 1924, • Audio recordings are still made from reproducing rolls (Stravinsky, “Rite of Spring”) • QRS Documentary “Punching a Hole … Playing a Roll”. -
Práticas De Luteria Na Música Experimental Brasileira
José Guilherme Allen Lima Práticas de luteria na música experimental brasileira São Paulo 2018 José Guilherme Allen Lima Práticas de luteria na música experimental brasileira Tese apresentada à Escola de Comunicação e Artes para obtenção do título de Doutor em Música. Área de concentração: Processos de Criação Musical. Universidade de São Paulo Escola de Comunicações e Artes Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música Orientador: Fernando Henrique de Oliveira Iazzetta São Paulo 2018 José Guilherme Allen Lima Práticas de luteria na música experimental brasileira/ José Guilherme Allen Lima. – São Paulo, 2018- 221 p. : il. (algumas color.) ; 30 cm. Orientador: Fernando Henrique de Oliveira Iazzetta Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade de São Paulo Escola de Comunicações e Artes Programa de Pós-Graduação em Música, 2018. 1. Música. 2. Luteria. 3. Experimentalismo. I. Fernando Henrique de Oliveira Iazzetta. II. Universidade de São Paulo. III. Escola de Comunicação e Artes. IV. Práticas de luteria na música experimental brasileira José Guilherme Allen Lima Práticas de luteria na música experimental brasileira Tese apresentada à Escola de Comunicação e Artes para obtenção do título de Doutor em Música. Área de concentração: Processos de Criação Musical. Trabalho aprovado. São Paulo, de de 2018: Fernando Henrique de Oliveira Iazzetta Orientador Professor Convidado 1 Professor Convidado 2 Professor Convidado 3 Professor Convidado 4 São Paulo 2018 Dedico este trabalho à memória do meu irmão de vida Carlos Eduardo Miranda e do meu avô Jorgera Quem tem fornece a bitola onde quem não tem se mede (Siba) Resumo LIMA, José Guilherme Allen. Práticas de luteria na música experimental brasileira. 2018. 221 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2018. -
History of Electronic Sound Modification*
PAPERS History of Electronic Sound Modification* HARALD BODE Bode Sound Co., North Tonawanda, NY 14120, USA 0 INTRODUCTION 2 THE ELECTRONIC ERA The history of electronic sound modification is as After the Telharmonium, and especially after the old as the history of electronic musical instruments and invention ofthe vacuum tube, scores of electronic (and electronic so und transmission, recording, and repro electronic mechanical) musical instruments were in duction. vented with sound modification features. The Harnmond Means for modifying electrically generated sound organ is of special interest, since it evolved from Cahill 's have been known since the late 19th century, when work. Many notable inventions in electronic sound Thaddeus Cahill created his Telharmonium. modification are associated with this instrument, which With the advent of the electronic age, spurred first will be discussed later. by the invention of the electron tube, and the more Other instruments of the early 1930s included the recent development of solid-state devices, an astounding Trautonium by the German F. Trautwein, which was variety of sound modifiers have been created for fil built in several versions. The Trautonium used reso tering, distorting, equalizing, amplitude and frequency nance filters to emphasize selective overtone regions, modulating, Doppler effect and ring modulating, com called formants [ 11]-[ 14]. In contrast, the German Jörg pressing, reverberating, repeating, fianging, phasing, Mager built an organlike instrument for which he used pitch changing, chorusing, frequency shifting, ana loudspeakers with all types of driver systems and shapes lyzing, and resynthesizing natural and artificial sound. to obtain different sounds. In this paper some highlights of historical devel In 1937 the author created the Warbo Formant organ, opment are reviewed, covering the time from 1896 to which had circuitry for envelope shaping as well as the present.