Bonhoeffer Award Lecture Mit Jennifer Doudna Und John Sutherland

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Jahrgang | Oktober 2017 Nachrichten Bonhoeffer Award Lecture mit Jennifer Doudna und John Sutherland Göttinger Forscher an zwei neuen Max Planck Schools beteiligt Veranstaltungen Johannes Eidt bei Kunst am Fassberg INHALT NACHRICHTEN 4 Bonhoeffer Award Lecture mit Jennifer Doudna und John Sutherland 8 Göttinger Forscher an zwei neuen Max Planck Schools beteiligt VERANSTALTUNGEN 12 Vortrag beim Göttinger Literaturherbst von Nicole Dubilier: 4 Jennifer Doudna und 14 Kunst am Fassberg zeigt Heiße Quellen in der Tiefsee – Oasen des Lebens John Sutherland mit Werke von Johannes Eidt Bonhoeffer Award Lecture geehrt MAX-PLANCK-CAMPUS AKTUELL 14 Kunst am Fassberg: Grafische Werke von Johannes Eidt 16 Anbau des MPI für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation feierlich eingeweiht 12 Leidenschaft Meer – 16 Einweihung des Anbaus Vortrag von Nicole Dubilier vom MPI für Dynamik und beim Göttinger Literaturherbst Selbstorganisation Titelbild: Fluoreszenzmikroskopische Aufnahme von humanen Fibroblasten. Mitochondrien in rot, Aktinfilamente in grau, Hinweis: Obwohl aus Gründen der Lesbarkeit im Text die männliche Mikrotubuli in grün, Zellkern in blau. (Bild: Forschungsgruppe Struktur und Dynamik von Mitochondrien / MPI-BPC) Form gewählt wurde, beziehen sich die Angaben stets auf Angehörige beider Geschlechter. Cover image: Fluorescence microscopy image of human fibroblasts. Mitochondria in red, actin filaments in grey, microtubules in green, cell nucleus in blue. (Image: Research Group Structure and Dynamics of Mitochondria / MPI-BPC) (Foto: Peter Heller) (Foto: Hubert Jelinek) (Foto: Bonhoeffer Award Lecture mit Jennifer Doudna und John Sutherland Mit der Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer Award Lecture hat das MPI-BPC in diesem Jahr gleich zwei herausragende Forscher geehrt: Jennifer Doudna wurde für ihre bahn- brechenden Arbeiten zum Genome Editing mit der Bonhoeffer-Medaille ausgezeichnet. John Sutherland erhielt die Ehrung für seine wegweisende Forschung zu den chemischen Ursprüngen des Lebens. ie Award Lectures zogen auch in diesem Jahr viele Die sogenannte RNA-Welt-Hypothese postuliert, dass am Zuhörer an, der Manfred-Eigen-Saal war an bei- Anfang des Lebens Ribonukleinsäuren (RNA) Träger der Dden Tagen voll besetzt. Die erste Vorlesung hielt am Erbinformation waren und gleichzeitig chemische Freitag, 15. September 2017, Jennifer Doudna. Die US- Reaktionen katalysierten. Lange Zeit war allerdings nicht Amerikanerin ist eine der Pionierinnen der CRISPR/Cas9- klar, wie sich RNA-Moleküle aus jenen einfacheren Technologie. CRISPR/Cas ist ein bakterielles Immun- Molekülen gebildet haben könnten, die damals in der system, das viele Bakterien resistent macht gegen Natur existierten. Sutherland stellte 2009 gemeinsam mit fremde genetische Elemente, etwa aus Plasmiden oder Kollegen die erste plausible Synthese von Pyrimidin- Phagen. Die Biochemikerin schlug gemeinsam mit ihrer Nukleotiden (einem Bestandteil von RNA) aus einfachen französischen Kollegin Emmanuelle Charpentier 2012 vor, chemischen Molekülen vor. 2015 ergänzte er diese Arbeit, dieses System einzusetzen, um das Erbgut lebender Zellen indem er zeigte, dass dieselben Verbindungen auch zu den gezielt zu manipulieren. Ihre Arbeiten und die weiterer Vorläufern weiterer wichtiger Biomoleküle – Lipide und John Sutherland Labore haben dieses sogenannte Genome Editing in- Aminosäuren – reagieren können. Jennifer Doudna zwischen möglich gemacht. Sutherland erläuterte zu Beginn seiner kurzweiligen studierte und promovierte an der University of In ihrem Vortrag schilderte Doudna zunächst, wie ihr ur- Vorlesung, welch unterschiedliche und unvereinbare forschte nach ihrem Chemie-Studium an Oxford (Großbritannien) und blieb in der sprüngliches Interesse an bakteriellen Immunstrategien sie Ideen lange Zeit die Forschung zu der Entstehung der ers- herausragenden wissenschaftlichen Einrich- Folge in Großbritannien: 2008 kam er als und Charpentier auf die Spur von CRISPR/Cas9 brachte ten Nukleotide prägten und wie er mit einem völlig neuen tungen in den Vereinigten Staaten: Sie promo- Professor für Biologische Chemie an die und wie das System die Forscherinnen mit seinem Poten- Ansatz zu den ersten Zügen seiner Theorie kam. Dieser vierte in Biochemie an der Harvard University University of Manchester, bevor er 2010 an zial für Forschung und Medizin überraschte. Anschließend Theorie zufolge könnte Leben nicht – wie oft vermutet – in Boston. Anschließend arbeitete sie an der das MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in ging Doudna ausführlich darauf ein, dass ihr Labor die zu- an heißen Vulkanschloten in der Tiefsee entstanden sein, University of Colorado in Boulder, bevor sie Cambridge wechselte. Seit 2013 ist er Simons grunde liegenden chemischen Mechanismen von CRISPR/ sondern auf der Erdoberfläche: Die chemischen an der Yale University in Cambridge erst zum Investigator. Cas erforscht, um die Methode für die Anwendung weiter- Reaktionen, die Sutherlands Theorie zugrunde liegen, Assistant Professor und 2000 zum Henry zuentwickeln. Ihre strukturellen und biochemischen Er- finden bei moderaten Temperaturen statt und benötigen Ford II Professor berufen wurde. Nach einer kenntnisse tragen so etwa dazu bei, die Genauigkeit des ultraviolette Strahlung. Der Brite betonte außerdem die Gastprofessur in Harvard wechselte sie an CRISPR/Cas-Systems beim Genome Editing entscheidend Bedeutung von Meteoriteneinschlägen, die nach seiner die University of California, wo sie seither zu erhöhen. Überzeugung erst die notwendigen chemischen und Professorin für Chemie sowie für Molekular- Am Montag, 18. September, hielt der Brite John geologischen Voraussetzungen für die Entstehung von Leben und Zellbiologie ist. Außerdem forscht Doudna Sutherland seinen Vortrag. Der Chemiker erforscht, wie schufen. (fk) seit 1997 am Howard Hughes Medical Institute Leben aus der unbelebten Natur entstanden sein könnte. und am Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. 4 Nachrichten Nachrichten 5 (Photo: Hubert Jelinek) (Photo: Jennifer Doudna worked at outstanding scientific institutions in the United States after her studies in chemistry: She obtained her PhD in biochemistry from Harvard University in Boston. Afterwards, she carried out research at the University of Colorado in Boulder before being appointed assistant professor and, in 2000, Henry Ford II Professor at Yale University. After a guest professorship at Harvard she Bonhoeffer Award Lecture moved to the University of California where she has been Professor of Chemistry and of Molecular and Cell Biology with Jennifer Doudna and John Sutherland since. Additionally, she works at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Lawrence Berkeley National The MPI-BPC honored two researchers with this year’s Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer Laboratory since 1997. Hubert Jelinek) (Photo: Award Lecture: Jennifer Doudna was awarded the Bonhoeffer Medal for her revolutionary work on genome editing. John Sutherland received the prize for his groundbreaking research on the chemical origins of life. John Sutherland studied chemistry at the University of Oxford (Great gain the award lectures attracted a large audience, hypothesis postulates that early life stored its genetic infor- Britain), where he also obtained his PhD. In 2008, he the Manfred Eigen Hall was filled on both days. The mation on ribonucleic acid (RNA) which at the same time was appointed Professor of Biological Chemistry at the Afirst lecture was given by Jennifer Doudna on Friday, catalyzed chemical reactions. However, for a long time it University of Manchester (Great Britain) before moving to September 15, 2017. The US American is a pioneer of has remained unclear how RNA molecules may have formed the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. CRISPR/Cas is a bacterial from those simpler molecules present in nature back then. (Great Britain). Since 2013, he is Simons Investigator. immune system which confers resistance to many bacteria In 2009, Sutherland and colleagues presented the first plau- against foreign genetic elements, for example from plasmids sible synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides (a building block of and phages. In 2012, together with her French colleague RNA) from simple chemical molecules. He completed this Emmanuelle Charpentier, the biochemist proposed to use work in 2015 when showing that these same compounds (Photo: Peter Heller) this system to precisely manipulate the genome of living may also react to form precursors of other important bio- cells. Meanwhile, this so-called genome editing has been molecules – lipids and amino acids. made possible by her work and that of other labs. Sutherland began his diverting lecture by pointing out In her talk, Doudna first detailed how their initial interest how research on the formation of the first nucleotides has in bacterial immune strategies put her and Charpentier on been dominated by very different and incompatible ideas the track of CRISPR/Cas9 and how the system surprised them for decades, and how a completely new approach brought with its potential for research and medicine. Doudna then him to the first outline of his theory. According to this theory, presented recent work of her lab on the chemical mecha- life may not have started – as widely speculated – at hot nisms of CRISPR/Cas and explained how their structural and deep sea volcanic vents, but on Earth’s surface: The chemi- (Photo: Peter Heller) biochemical findings contribute to improve CRISPR/Cas cal reactions underlying Sutherland’s theory take place at fidelity in genome editing.
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