XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
~ Approximately 3DSM Dimensionally stable membrane with @ At 3-dimensional porous support °C Degrees Celsius 3-L Three-layer °F Degrees Fahrenheit 3Q Third quarter of the fiscal year Δ Change, delta 4Q Fourth quarter of the fiscal year ΔG Gibbs free energy of reaction 5-L Five-layer ΔH Enthalpy of reaction, Enthalpy of 6FBPS0 Hexafluoro biphenol sulfone hydrogenation 6FCN-x Hexafluoro bisphenol A based disulfonated polybenzonitrile (H+ form) (x denotes degree ∆H°f Standard heat of formation of sulfonation) ΔK Stress intensity factor 6FK Hexafluoro ketone; Partially fluorinated ∆P Pressure drop, pressure change poly(arylene ether ketone) ≈ Equals approximately 6FPAEB Hexafluoro bisphenol a benzonitrile > Greater than 8YSZ 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia ≥ Greater than or equal to A Ampere(s), amp(s) < Less than Å Angstrom(s) ≤ Less than or equal to AAC Advanced anode catalyst μ Micro (one-millionth; 0.000001) AB Ammonia-borane, NH BH μA Microampere(s) 3 3 ABH Ammonium borohydride, NH BH μA/cm2 Microampere(s) per square centimeter 2 4 4 ABS American Bureau of Shipping μc-Si Microcrystalline silicon AC Alternating current; Activated carbon μg Microgram(s) A-CCC Activated carbon composite catalyst μCHP Micro-combined heat and power ACF Activated carbon fibers μCHX Microscale combustor/heat exchanger A/cm2 Amps per square centimeter μm Micrometer(s); micron(s) ACN Acetonitrile μM Micromolar ACNT Aligned carbon nanotube μmol Micromole(s) ADG Anaerobic digester gas μΩ-cm2 Micro-ohm(s)-square centimeter AEM Anion exchange membrane; Analytical μV Microvolt(s) electron microscopy η Viscosity AEO Annual Energy Outlook # Number AFDC Alternative Fuels Data Center Ω Ohm(s) AFM Atomic force microscopy; Anti-ferromagnetic 2 Ω/cm Ohm(s) per square centimeter AFP Automated fiber placement 2 Ω-cm Ohm-square centimeter(s) Ag Silver % Percent AGC Activated graphitic carbon ® Registered trademark AgCl Silver chloride $ United States dollars A-h Amp-hour(s) 11 B-NMR Boron 11 nuclear magnetic resonance AHJ Authorities having jurisdiction 1-D, 1D One-dimensional AISI American Iron & Steel Institute 1Q First quarter of the fiscal year AIST Japanese National Institute of Advanced 2-D, 2D Two-dimensional Industrial Science and Technology 2Q Second quarter of the fiscal year AK Alkali 3-D, 3D Three-dimensional a.k.a. Also known as
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–1 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
Al Aluminum atm Atmosphere(s)
Al2O3 Aluminum oxide ATM-PP Benzyl trimethyl ammonium functionalized Al-AB Aluminum-ammonia-borane poly(phenylene) anion exchange membrane ATP Adenosine triphosphate; Advanced AlCl3 Aluminum chloride Technology Program ALD Atomic layer deposition ATPase Adenosine triphosphatase AlH3 Aluminum hydride; Alane ATR Autothermal reformer; Autothermal ALS Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley reforming; Attenuated total reflection National Laboratory ATR-FTIR Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform ALT Accelerated life test infrared AM Air mass a.u. Arbitrary units AM 1.5 Air Mass 1.5 solar illumination Au Gold AM1.5G Air Mass 1.5 Global (solar spectrum) AuS Gold sulfide AMBH Amine metal borohydride AuSnO Gold supported on hydrous tin oxide AMC Aminomethyl-cyclohexane x AuTiO Gold supported on titanium oxide AMFC Anion exchange membrane fuel cell; Alkaline x Autonomie Plug-and-Play Powertrain and Vehicle Model membrane fuel cell Architecture and Development Environment AMR Annual Merit Review software model by Argonne National AN Acrylonitrile Laboratory to support the rapid evaluation ANL Argonne National Laboratory of new powertrain/propulsion technologies for improving fuel economy through ANOVA Analysis of variance virtual design and analysis in a math-based ANSI American National Standards Institute simulation environment 2 Ao Arrhenius constant, ml/[cm -min-atm½]; Avg Average Availability AZO Aluminum zinc oxide APCI, APCi Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 11B-NMR Boron 11 nuclear magnetic resonance APR Aqueous-phase reforming B Boron APU Auxiliary power unit B O Boron oxide; Diboron trioxide AQMD Air Quality Management District 2 3 Ba Barium Ar Argon BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und AR Areal resistance -prüfung (Federal Institute for Materials ARPA-E Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy Research and Testing) ARRA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Bara Bar absolute As Arsenic barg Bar gauge ASAXS Anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering BCC Body-centered cubic a-Si Amorphous silicon BCN Boron carbon nitride a-SiC Amorphous silicon carbide BDC Benzenedicarboxylic acid a-SiGe Amorphous silicon germanium Be Beryllium a-SiN Amorphous silicon nitride BES Basic Energy Sciences office within the DOE ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers Office of Science ASPEN Modeling software, computer code for BESS Battery energy storage system process analysis BET Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis ASR Area-specific resistance method AST Accelerated stress test BEV Battery electric vehicle
ASTM ASTM International, originally known as the BFZ0 BaFe0.975Zr0.025O3 American Society for Testing and Materials BFZ1 BaFe0.90Zr0.10O3 AT Ammonia triborane B-G Boron doped graphitic material at% Atomic percent BG-DW 65% bio-glycol-35% distilled water
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–2 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
B-H Boron/hydrogen bond BPVE-6F Perfluorocyclobutane-biphenyl vinyl ether hexafluoroisopropylidene B-H, BH, BH4 Borohydride BHP Butyl perhydropyrolidine BPy 2,2’-bipyridine Bi Bismuth BPY 4,4’-bypyridine BLASTP Basic Local Alignment Search Tool – Protein bpydc Bipyridine dicarboxylate BM Base metal Br Bromine Br Diatomic bromine bmimBF4 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium 2 tetrafluoroborate BTB 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoate bmimCl 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride BTC 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate bmimOTf 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium triflate BTE 4,4’,4’’-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(ethyne-2,1- diyl))tribenzoate bmimPF6 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate BTMA Benzyltrimethylammonium BMPFFP 1-butyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidinium BTT Benzene tris-tetrazole tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate BTTCD Octa-carboxylate ligand BN Boron-nitrogen BTU, Btu British thermal unit(s) BNH Boron-nitrogen-hydrogen Bu3SnCl Tributyltin chloride BNHx Dehydrogenated ammonia-borane Bu3SnSnBu3 Hexabutyldistannane BNL Brookhaven National Laboratory BV Benzyl viologen BNNT Boron nitride nanotubes BxHy Polyhedral boranes B-O Any oxidized boron species, borate BZYC BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3-δ Boc Tert-butoxycarbonyl C Carbon; Couloumb BOC Best of class C2H4 Ethylene B(OH) Boric acid 3 C2H6 Ethane BOL Beginning of life C3H8 Propane BOP, BoP Balance of plant Ca Calcium BOT Beginning of test CA Carbon aerogel; Chronoamperometry BP Bisphenol; Biphenyl CaBr2 Calcium bromide bpe Bis(4-pyridyl)ethane CaCO3 Calcium carbonate BPEE 1,2-bipyridylethene CAD Computer-aided design BPDC Biphenyl-4,4’-dicarboxylate CAE Computer-assisted engineering BPP Bipolar plate CAER Center for Applied Energy Research BPPPO Biphenol-based phenyl phosphine oxide CaFCP California Fuel Cell Partnership BPPPO-35 Biphenol-based phenyl phosphine oxide CaI Clostridium acetobutylicum hydrogenase copolymer, 35% molar fraction of disulfonic CaO Calcium oxide acid unit (35% level of sulfonation) CARB California Air Resources Board BPS Ballard Power Systems CaS Calcium sulfide BPS Bi Phenyl Sulfone CaSFCC California Stationary Fuel Cell Collaborative BPS100 Fully disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) CB Conduction band; Carbon black BPSH Block polysulfone ether polymer; Bi Phenyl Sulfone: H Form CBECS Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey BPSH-30 Biphenyl sulfone H form, 30% molar fraction of disulfonic acid unit (30% level of CbHS Carbon-based hydrogen storage sulfonation) CBM Conduction band minimum BPSH-x BiPhenyl based disulfonated polySulfone CBN Carbon-boron-nitrogen (H+ form) (x denotes degree of sulfonation) CBS Casa Bonita strain; Complete basis set BPVC Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code cc Cubic centimeter(s) BPVE Perfluorocyclobutane-biphenyl vinyl ether
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–3 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
CCC Carbon composite catalyst CHG Compressed hydrogen gas CCD Charge-coupled device; Catalyst coating on CHHP Combined heat, hydrogen, and power decal Chl Chlorophyll CCDM Catalyst coating on diffusion media CHMC1 Test Method for Evaluating Material cc/g cat/hr Cubic centimeter(s) per gram catalyst per Compatibility for Compressed Hydrogen hour Applications–Phase I-Metals CcH2 Cryo-compressed hydrogen CHP Combined heat and power CCHSS Complex Compound Hydrogen Storage CHPFC Combined heat and power fuel cell System CHS Chemical hydrogen storage CCL Cathode catalyst layer CHSCoE Chemical Hydrogen Storage Center of CCM Catalyst-coated membrane Excellence cc/min, ccm Cubic centimeters per minute CIGSe2 Copper indium gallium diselenide ccp Cubic close-packing CIGS Copper indium gallium diselenide CCS Carbon capture and storage Cl Chlorine CC&S Carbon capture and sequestration CL Catalyst layer; ε-caprolactone CCVJ 9-([E]-2-carboxy-2-cyanovinyl)julolidine C-L Circumferential-longitudinal Cd Cadmium cm Centimeter CD Current density; Charge depleting; Cathode CM Controls module dewpoint cm2 Square centimeter Cdl Double layer capacitance CMO Conductive metal oxides cDNA Complementary DNA CMWNT Carbon multi-walled nanotube CDO Code development organization CN Carbon-nitrogen CDP Composite data product CNC Carbon nanocage CdS Cadmium sulfide CNF Carbon nano-fiber TM C-DSM Chemically etched dimensionally stable CNG Compressed natural gas membrane CNT Carbon nanotube Ce Cerium Co Cobalt CEA Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique CO Carbon monoxide CEC California Energy Commission CO2 Carbon dioxide CEM Compressor expander motor (module) CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent CeO Ceric oxide 2 COD Chemical oxygen demand CF Carbon fiber; Carbon foam COE Cost of electricity CFC Chlorofluorocarbon COF Covalent-organic framework CFD Computational fluid dynamics COF2 Carbonyl fluoride CFF Complex coolant fluid COGS Cost of goods sold cfm Cubic feet per minute COMSOL Multiphysics modeling and engineering CGA Compressed Gas Association simulation software CGH2 Compressed gaseous hydrogen COPV Composite overwrapped pressure vessel CGM Charge-generating material COS Carbon oxysulfide; Carbonyl sulfide
CGO Cerium gadolinium oxide, Gd-doped CeO2 COx Oxides of carbon CGS Copper gallium diselenide, CuGaSe 2 cp Specific heat CGSe2 Copper gallium diselenide cp Commercial purity CH Chemical hydride; Chemical hydrogen cP Centipoise cH2 Compressed hydrogen gas CpI Clostridium pasteurianum
CH4 Methane [FeFe]- hydrogenase CHEX Continuous catalytic heat exchanger CPMAS Cross polarization magic angle spinning
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–4 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
CPO, CPOX Catalytic partial oxidation D2 Deuterium c.p.s. Counts per second D-A Dubinin-Astakhov CPU Computer processing unit DAC Diamond anvil cell
CPV Composite pressure vessel DADB Diammoniate of diborane, [(NH3)2BH2][BH4] Cr Chromium da/dN Fatigue crack growth rate CRADA Cooperative Research and Development DAKOTA Design Analysis Kit for Optimization and Agreement Terascale Applications
CRCC Corrosion-resistant conducting catalytic DB Diborane (B2H6) CRTP Corrosion-resistant transparent protective dB(A) Decibel(s) A scale Cs Cesium DBBPDSA 4, 4’-dibromobiphenyl 3, 3’-dislufonic acid, C&S Codes and standards monomer CSA Canadian Standards Association; Cell stack DBPDSA 1, 4-dibromo phenylene 2, 5-disulfonic acid assembly DC Direct current CSMP Cabot Superior MicroPowders DCTDD 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione CSTT Codes and Standards Tech Team DDMEFC Direct dimethyl ether fuel cell CSU California State University DDP Detailed Data Product
CSULA California State University, Los Angeles dDR .Dubini-Radushkevich average micropore CT Computed tomography; Compact tension diameter CTA Charge transfer agent DDR A zeolite structure code CTAB Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide DEF Diethylformamide CTB Cyclotriborazane Deg Degree CTE Coefficient of thermal expansion DEGDBE Diethylene glycol dibutyl ether
CTS Charge transfer salt ΔBa The difference in magnetic induction at high and low applied magnetic fields CTTRANSIT Connecticut Transit ΔG Gibbs free energy of reaction Cu Copper ΔH Enthalpy of reaction; Enthalpy of CU University of Colorado hydrogenation Cu O Cuprous oxide 2 ∆H° Standard heat of formation CuBiW O Copper bismuth tungstate f 2 8 ΔK Stress-intensity factor CuBTC Cu (1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate 3 ∆P Pressure drop; Pressure change [BTC])2(H2O)3 ∆T Temperature change cu in. Cubic inch DEMS Differential electrochemical mass CuInGaS Copper indium gallium sulfide 2 spectroscopy CuNW Copper nanowire DFM Design for manufacturing CuO Cupric oxide; Copper(II) oxide DFMA® Design for Manufacturing and Assembly CuTDPAT Cu (2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)- 3 DFT Density functional theory 1,3,5-triazine)(H2O)3 DGDE Di-ethylene glycol di-butyl ether CuWO4 Copper tungstate DHBC 2,5-dihydroxybenzene dicarboxylate cu.yd. Cubic yard(s) DI Deionized; De-ionized water CV Cyclic voltammetry; Cyclic voltammogram DLC Diamondlike carbon CVD Chemical vapor deposition dL/g Deciliters per gram CVS Chemical vapor synthesis DM Diffusion media CWG Catalysis Working Group DMA Dimethylacetamide CWRU Case Western Reserve University DMAc Dimethyl acetamide CY Calendar year DMC Diffusion Monte Carlo; Direct manufactured CZO Ceria-zirconia cost d Day(s)
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–5 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
DMDF 2,5-dimethoxy 2,5-dihydrofuran EC European Commission; Electro-chemical; DMDS Dimethyldisulfide Evaporative-cooled; Efficiency of conversion; Electrochemical capacitance DME Dimethyl ether; Dimethoxyethane ECA Electrochemical area DMEA Dimethlethylamine ECB Ethylcyclobutane DMEAA Dimethlethylamine alane ECC Electrochemical compressor; Engineered DMF n, n-di-methyl formamide cementitious composite DMFC Direct methanol fuel cell ECE Economic Commission for Europe dmimMeSO 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium methylsulfate 4 ECS Equilibrium crystal shape dmpe Dimethylphosphinoethane ECSA Electrochemically active surface area; DMPO 5,5-Dimethylpyrroline-N-oxide Electrochemical surface area; Effective DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide catalyst surface area DMT Dimethyltrityl ECV Electrochemical capacitance voltage DMTHF Dimethyltetrahydrofuran ED Ethylenediamine DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid EDA Ethylene diamine; Energy decomposition DNG Desulfurized natural gas analysis DNI Direct normal insolation EDAX Manufacturer of energy dispersive X-ray hardware and software dobdc 2,5-dioxido benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate EDBB Ethylenediamine bisborane dobpdc Dioxido-biphenyl-dicarboxylate EDC Energy distribution curve DOD Depth of discharge; Department of Defense edmimCl 2-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-imidazolium ethylsulfate DOE Department of Energy EDP Electrophoretic deposition DOT Department of Transportation EDS Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; DP Dew point Energy dispersive spectrum DRIFTs Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform EDTA Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid spectroscopy EDX Energy dispersive X-ray DSC Differential scanning calorimetry; Dynamic scanning calorimetry EELS Electron energy loss spectroscopy DSMTM Dimensionally stable membrane EERE U.S. DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy DSM-MC Distance scaling method Monte Carlo EFR-AHJ Emergency first responder-authorities having DVBPC Divinyl aryl ether monomer jurisdiction DVD Digital video disk EFTE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene DVMT Daily vehicle miles traveled e.g. Exempli gratia: for example DWG Durability Working Group EGR Exhaust gas recirculation e- Electron EHC Electrochemical hydrogen compressor E Activation energy, kJ/mol EHS Environmental Health and Safety E xE Utilization efficiency of incident solar light 0 1 EIA Energy Information Administration of the energy U.S. Department of Energy E Half-wave potential 1/2 EIGA IGC European Industrial Gases Association/ E85 85%-15% blend of ethanol with gasoline Industrial Gases Council Ea Activation energy EIHP European Integrated Hydrogen Project EA Environmental assessment EIS Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Ead Hydrogen adsorption heat EISF Elastic incoherent structure factor EAN Ethylammonium nitrate ELAT® Registered Trademark of De Nora North EASA Electrochemically active surface area America, Inc., covers GDLs and GDEs E-BOP Electrical balance of plant EMA Effective medium approximation EBSD Electron backscatter diffraction EMF Electromagnetic field
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–6 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
EMI Electro magnetic interference FBMR Fluidized bed membrane reactor EMPA Electron microprobe analysis FC Fuel cell ENABLE Energetic neutral atom beam lithography/ FCB Fuel cell bus epitaxy FCC Face-centered cubic; Fuel Cell Catalyst; Fluid ENG Expanded natural graphite catalytic cracking eNMR Electrochemical nuclear magnetic resonance FCEB Fuel cell electric bus EODC Electro-osmotic drag coefficient FCEV Fuel cell electric vehicle EOL End of life FCI Fixed capital investment EOT End of test FC POWER Fuel Cell Power Model EPA Environmental Protection Agency FCPP Fuel cell power plant EPD Electrophoretic deposition FCS Fuel cell system EPDM Ethylene propylene diene monomer FCSMR Forecourt steam methane reformer (ing) EPHC Ethylperhydrocarbazole FCT Fuel Cell Technologies ePTFE Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene FCTESQA Fuel Cell Testing, Safety and Quality ER Emergency responder Assurance (an international effort to harmonize fuel cell testing procedures) ERW Electric resistance weld FCTO Fuel Cell Technologies Office ES Energy storage FCTT Fuel Cell Technical Team ESA Electrochemical surface area FCV Fuel cell vehicle ESEM Environmental scanning electron microscope Fd Ferredoxin ESE(T) Eccentrically loaded, single edge tension Fe Iron ESIF Energy Systems Integration Facility FE U.S. DOE Office of Fossil Energy et al. Et Alii: and others Fe O Ferric oxide ETA Event tree analysis 2 3 FEA Finite element analysis etc. Et cetera: and so on FEM Finite element model E-TEK Division of De Nora North America, Inc. FEP Fluorinated ethylene propylene; Teflon® ETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene FESEM Field emission scanning electron microscope ETFECS Extended thin film electrocatalyst structures fg-ELAT Fine gradient ELAT EtOH Ethanol FIB Focused ion beam EU European Union FISIPE Fibras Acrilicas Portugese eV Electron volt FLC Frequent driver and long commute EVD Extreme value distributions FLiNaK LiF-NaF-KF eutectic salt EVOH Ethylene vinyl alcohol FLP Frustrated Lewis pair EVSE Electric vehicle supply equipment Fluent Computer code for computational fluid EW Equivalent weight dynamics EXAFS Extended X-ray absorption fine structure FMEA Failure modes and effects analysis analysis FMVSS Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard EY Electrolyzer 19FNMR 19Fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance F Fluorine FNR Ferredoxin NADP+ oxidoreductase F Faraday constant, the amount of electric charge in one mole of electrons (96,485.3383 FOA Funding Opportunity Announcement coulomb/mole) FOM Federated object model; Figure of merit F- Fluorine ion FPA Fluoroalkyl phosphonic and phosphinic acids FA Furfyl alcohol fpi Fins per inch FANS Filter analyzer neutron spectroscopy fpm Feet per minute FAT Fleet Analysis Toolkit; Factory acceptance FPS Bis(4-fluorophenyl)sulfone; Fuel processing test system
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–7 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
FRP Fiber-reinforced composite piping; Fiber- GES Giner Electrochemical Systems, LLC reinforced polymer; Full rate production GF Glass fiber FRR Fluoride release rate GFC Gas flow channel F-SPEEK Fluorosulfonic acid of polyetheretherketone GFP Green fluorescent protein FSW Friction-stir welding GGA Generalized gradient approximation ft Feet GGE, gge Gasoline gallon equivalent FT Fault tree GH2 Gaseous hydrogen 2 ft Square feet GHG Greenhouse gas 3 ft Cubic feet GHSV Gas hourly space velocity FTA Federal Transit Administration GIS Geographic information system FT-IR, FTIR Fourier transform infrared GJ Gigajoule(s) FTIR-ATR Fourier transform infrared attenuated total g/kW Gram(s) per kilowatt reflection GLACD Glancing angle co-deposition FTO Fluorine-doped tin oxide GLAD Glancing angle deposition FTP, FTP-75 Federal Test Procedure GLS Gas-liquid separator FWS Fixed-window scan GLY Glycerol FW Formula weight; Filament winding Glyme Dimethoxyethane FWHM Full width at half maximum gm Gram(s) FY Fiscal year GM General Motors FZ Fusion zone gm/day Gram(s) per day g Gram; acceleration of gravity g/min Gram(s) per minute G Graphite GNF Graphite nanofiber Ga Gallium GO Graphene oxide GaAs Gallium arsenic GODC Graphene oxide derived carbon GADDS General area diffraction system GOF Graphene-oxide framework gal Gallon GPa Gigapascal(s) GaP Gallium phosphide GPAT Global Pathways Resource Analysis Tool GB Gigabyte GPC Gel permeation chromatography GC Gas chromatograph; General computational GPS Global positioning system GC Glassy, or vitreous carbon: a pure carbon that GPU Gas permeation units is amorphous (non-crystalline) GRC Glass-reinforced concrete g/cc Grams per cubic centimeter GREC .Graphite reinforced epoxy composite (IM6 GCLP Grand-canonical linear programming continuously wound) GCMC Grand Canonical Monte Carlo GREET Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions and GCMS Gas chromatograph-mass spectroscopy Energy use in Transportation model GCNF Graphitized carbon nano-fiber GRPE Working Party on Pollution and Energy GCNT Graphitized carbon nanotubes g/s Grams per second GCtool Software package developed at ANL for GS Gas switching analysis of fuel cells and other power systems GTI Gas Technology Institute Gd Gadolinium GTR Global Technical Regulations GDC Gadolinium-doped ceria GUI Graphical user interface GDE Gas diffusion electrode GV Gasoline vehicle GDL Gas diffusion layer GVW Gross vehicle weight GDM Gas-diffusion media GW An approximation permitting practical GDS Galvanodynamic scan calculation of excitation energies in metals, Ge Germanium semi-conductors and insulators
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–8 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
GWe, GWe Gigawatt(s) electric HBTU o-Benzotriazol-1-yl-N,N,N’,N’- h Hour(s) tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate H Hydrogen HCC Hybrid cathode catalyst H+ Proton HCl, HCL Hydrochloric acid; Hydrogen chloride - H Hydride HClO4 Perchloric acid HCN Hydrogen coordination number H2 Diatomic hydrogen H2A Hydrogen Analysis project sponsored by DOE HCNG Hydrogen-compressed natural gas HCO - Bicarbonate H2BPyDC 2,2’-bipyridine-5,5’-dicarboxylic acid 3 hcp Hexagonal close-packing H2cat Catechol, 1,2 dihydroxybenzene HC&S Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company H2-FCS Stationary fuel cell system designs that co- produce hydrogen HD Deuterium hydride H2FIRST Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Research HDF Hydrogen dispensing facility and Station Technology HDPE High-density polyethylene
H2(hfipbb) 4,4’-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic HDS Hydrogen desulfurization acid) HDSAM Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model H2I Hawaii Hydrogen Initiative He Helium H2-ICE, H ICE 2 HE Hydrogen embrittlement Hydrogen internal combustion engine HEMA 2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate H2Lib Library of H2 component models in Simulink® HEN Heat exchange network HEPA High efficiency particulate air filter H2O Water HER Hydrogen evolution reaction H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide HES Hydrogen energy station H2oba 4,4’-oxybis-benzoic acid H2QWG DOE Hydrogen Quality Working Group HEV Hybrid electric vehicle HEX Heat exchanger H2S Hydrogen sulfide H2SCOPE Hydrogen Station Cost Optimization & HexCell Hexagonal heat exchanger Performance Evaluation Hf Hafnium
H2SO4 Sulfuric acid HF Hydrogen Fueler; Hydrofluorhydric acid; H2V Hydrogen vehicle Hydrogen fluoride; Hartree-Fock HFB Hexafluorobenzene H3BBC 1,3,5-tris(4’-carboxy[1,1’-biphenyl]-4-yl-) benzene HFC Hydrogen fuel cell
H3BTB 4,4’,4’’-benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tribenzoic acid HFCTF Hawaii Fuel Cell Test Facility
H3PO4 Phosphoric acid HFCV Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle HAADF High-angle annular dark-field HFI Hydrogen Fuel Initiative HAADF-STEM High angle annular dark field scanning HFP Hexafluoropropylene transmission electron microscopy HFP 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoro-2-propanol HAMMER Hazardous Materials Management and HFR High-frequency resistance Emergency Response HFS Hydrogen fueling station HATCI Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc. HFSS High-flux solar simulator HAVO Hawaii Volcanoes National Park HFV Hydrogen-fueled vehicle HAZ Heat-affected zone HGEF Hawaii Gateway Energy Center HAZID Hazard Identification Analysis HGM Hydrogen Generation Module HAZOP Hazards and Operational Safety Analysis; HGMs Hollow glass microspheres Hazards and operability analysis HGV Hydrogen gaseous vehicle HB Hydrazine borane HHV Higher heating value HBr Hydrogen bromide HI Hydrogen iodide, hydriodic acid
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–9 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
HIA Hydrogen-induced amorphization; Hydrogen HSCoE Hydrogen Sorption Center of Excellence Implementing Agreement HSDC Hydrogen Secure Data Center HIAD Hydrogen Incidents and Accidents Database HSE High surface area electrode HIB High-impedance buffer HSECoE Hydrogen Storage Engineering Center of HIC Hydrogen-induced cracking Excellence HICE Hydrogen internal combustion engine HSMCoE Hydrogen Storage Material Center of HiPCO, HiPCo High-pressure carbon monoxide Excellence
HIPOC Hydrogen Industry Panel on Codes HSO4 Bisulfate anion HIx Blend of hydrogen iodide, iodine, and water HSP Hydrogen safety plan HIZ Perhydro-indolizidine HSRP Hydrogen Safety Review Panel HSSIM Hydrogen Storage SIMulator HKUST 1 Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2 HLA High level architecture HSU Hydrogen separation unit HMC Hyundai Motor Company HT High temperature HNEI Hawaii Natural Energy Institute HTAC Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technical Advisory Committee HNO3 Nitric acid HTFC High-temperature fuel cell HOMO Highest occupied molecular orbital HTFSA Trifluomethylsulfonic acid HOPG Highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite HTGR High-temperature gas-cooled reactor HOR Hydrogen oxidation reaction HTHX High-temperature heat exchanger hp Horsepower HTM High-temperature membrane; Hydrogen HP High pressure transport membrane HPA Heteropoly acid HTMWG High Temperature Membrane Working Group HPA-C Heteropoly acid H-T-NT Hierarchical TiO nanotubes HPC Highly porous carbon 2 HTPEM High-temperature polymer electrolyte HPEP Hydrogen Production Expert Panel membrane HPIT Hydrogen-powered industrial truck HTWGS High-temperature water-gas shift HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography HTXRD High-temperature X-ray diffraction HPPH 1,6-di(4-hydroxyl)phenylperfluorohexane HVAC Heating, ventilation, and cooling HPPS N,N-diisopropylethylammonium 2,2-bis(p- HWCVD Hot-wire chemical vapor deposition hydroxyphenyl) pentafluoropropanesulfonate HWD Hot wire deposition HPRD Hydrogen pressure relief device HWFET Highway Fuel Economy Test HPTB High Pressure Test Bay HX Heat exchanger HQS100 Hydroquinone sulfone HyARC Hydrogen Analysis Resource Center hr Hour(s) HYDA Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [FeFe] HRA Home refueling appliance hydrogenase HRS Hydrogen refueling station HyDRA Hydrogen Demand and Resource Analysis HR-STEM High resolution scanning transmission HydrofillTM GTI hydrogen dispenser filling control electron microscopy algorithm HRT Hydraulic retention time HyPro, HYPRO HRTEM High-resolution transmission electron Analysis tool microscopy HYPS Pumped hydro HRXRT High-resolution X-ray tomography HyQRA Hydrogen quantitative risk assessment HS Hydrogen sorption HyRAM Hydrogen-specific risk assessment toolkit HSAC High surface area carbon HyS Hybrid Sulfur HSC Database name derived from the letters for HySEB Hydrogen Station Economics and Business enthalpy, entropy, and heat capacity HYSYS® Process simulation software by Aspentech, HSCC Hydrogen Station Cost Calculator computer code for flowsheet analysis
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–10 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
HyTEx Hydrogen Technical Experimental (database) IGCC-PBR Integrated gasification combined cycle- HyTRANS DOE’s market simulation model for the paladium-based reactor transition to hydrogen vehicles IGT Institute of Gas Technology Hz Hertz IIC Industrial, institutional, and commercial HZM Hot zone module IINS Inelastic incoherent neutron scattering i Current density (mA/cm2) IIT Illinois Institute of Technology I Current IL Ionic liquid
I2 Diatomic iodine ILS Inter-laboratory study(ies) I2CNER International Institute for Carbon-Neutral ILTA Ionic liquids tethered to amineboranes Energy Research In Indium IBAD Ion beam assisted deposition In., in Inch IBS Ion beam sputtering in2 Square inch I/C Ionomer to catalyst; Ionomer to carbon INER Institute of Nuclear Energy Research IC Internal combustion INERI International Nuclear Energy Research ICC International Code Council Initiative ICE Internal combustion engine InP Indium phosphorus ICEV Internal combustion engine vehicle INS Inelastic neutron scattering ICMS Integrated ceramic membrane system I-O Input-output ICP Inductively coupled plasma IOS Intelligent Optical Systems, Inc. ICPAE Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission IP Induction period; Intellectual property ICP-AES Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission IPA Isopthalate; Isopropyl alcohol spectroscopy IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ICP-MS Inductively coupled plasma mass IPCE Incident photon conversion to electrons; spectrometry Incident photon conversion efficiency ICP-OES Inductively coupled plasma optical emission IPE Integrated photovoltaic electrolysis spectroscopy IPES Inverse photoemission spectroscopy ICR Interfacial contact resistance IPHE International Partnership for the Hydrogen ID Inside diameter Economy i.e. id est: that is IPNS Intense Pulse Neutron Scattering Facility at IE Intelligent Energy Argonne National Laboratory IEA International Energy Agency IQE Internal quantum efficiency IEA-HIA International Energy Agency Hydrogen IR Infrared Implementing Agreement iR Internal resistance IEC International Electrotechnical Commission; Ir Iridium Ion exchange capacity, milliequivalents of IRMOF Isoreticular metal organic framework acid groups per gram of material IrO Iridium oxide IECV Integrated end cap vessel x IRR Internal rate of return IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. IRRAS Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy IET Institute for Energy and Transport ISIS World’s leading pulsed neutron and muon source located at the UK Rutherford Appleton IFC International Fire Code Laboratory near Oxford IGBT Insolated-gate bipolar transistor ISO International Organization for IGCC Integrated gasification combined cycle Standardization IGCC-CMR Integrated gasification combined cycle- ISO TC197 International Standards Organization catalytic membrane reactor Technical Committee IGCC-MR Integrated gasification combined cycle- ISS Ion scattering spectroscopy membrane reactor ITM Ion transport membrane
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–11 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
ITO Indium tin oxide kPa Kilopascal(s) ITP Indium tin phosphate kph Kilometer(s) per hour ITWS Isothermal water splitting ksi 1,000 pound-force per square inch IV Current-voltage kT/y Kiloton(s) per year
J Current; Joule(s) Kth, Kth Fracture toughness threshold
JARI Japan Automobile Research Institute KTH Hydrogen-assisted crack growth threshold JHQTF Joint Hydrogen Quality Task Force (U.S. Fuel kVA Kilovolt-amp(s) (units of apparent power) Cell Council) kW Kilowatt(s) JM Johnson Matthey kWe, kWe Kilowatt(s) electric JMFC Johnson-Matthey Fuel Cells, Inc. kWh Kilowatt-hour(s) JNAIST Japanese National Institute of Advanced kWh/kg Kilowatt-hour(s) per kilogram Industrial Science and Technology kWh/L Kilowatt-hour(s) per liter JOBS FC JOBS and economic impacts of Fuel Cells kW/kg Kilowatt(s) per kilogram JOBS H2 JOBS and economic impacts of Hydrogen kWt Kilowatt(s) thermal JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory L, l Liter(s) JRC Joint Research Centre La Lanthanum J-V, JV Current density-voltage LAGP Lithium aluminum germanium phosphate K Sievert’s constant, ml/[cm2-min-atm½]; LAH Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH ) Kelvin, absolute temperature; Potassium 4 λ Lambda, hydration number kÅ 1,000 angstroms LAMH Lithium amide and magnesium hydride KAERI Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute LAMOX Lanthanum molybdenum oxide (e.g., KAIST Korea Advanced Institute of Science and La Mo O ) Technology 2 2 9 LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory kA/m2 Kilo-ampere(s) per square meter LAO Lanthanum-modified alumina kb Kilo-base pair, a unit of measurement used in genetics equal to 1,000 nucleotides LAPS Large aperture projection scatterometer KBr Potassium bromide LAS Large aperture scatterometry kcal Kilocalorie(s) lb Pound(s) kcal/mol Kilocalorie(s) per mole LBM Lattice Boltzmann method KeV Kilo electron volt(s) lbmol Pound(s)-mole kg Kilogram(s) LBNL Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory kg/d Kilogram(s) per day LC Liquid carrier; Low concentration kg/hr Kilogram(s) per hour L-C Longitudinal-circumferential kg/m3 Kilogram(s) per cubic meter LCA Life cycle assessment; Life-cycle analysis
KH Potassium hydride LCC Life cycle cost; La0.7Ca0.3CrO3-δ
KHTC Hydrotalcites; Potassium-promoted LCH2 Hydrogenated liquid carrier; Compressed hydrotalcite hydrogen produced from liquid hydrogen kHz Kilohertz LCHPP Low Cost Hydrogen Production Platform (DOE Program Title) K Fracture toughness measured in hydrogen gas IH LCMS Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy kJ Kilojoule(s) LCOE Levelized cost of electricity KJ Ketjenblack L/D Length to diameter ratio K Fracture toughness JIC LDV Light-duty vehicle kJ/mol Kilojoule(s) per mole LED Light emitting diode km Kilometer(s) LEED Low-energy electron diffraction KMC Kinetic Monte Carlo LEL Lower explosion limit KOH Potassium hydroxide
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–12 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
LFG Landfill gas LSM Lanthanum strontium manganese LFL Lower flammability limit LSMO Lanthanum strontium manganese oxide,
L/h, l/h Liter(s) per hour (La, Sr)MnO3, strontium-doped lanthanum manganite, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3+δ LH2, LH2 Liquid hydrogen LST Lanthanum strontium titanium oxide, (La, Sr) LHC Light-harvesting chlorophyll TiO LHSV Liquid hourly space velocity, h-1 3 LSV Lanthanum strontium vanadate; Linear sweep LHV Lower heating value voltammetry Li Lithium LT Low-temperature LI Leaching index LTDMS Laser induced thermal desorption mass
Li3N Lithium nitride spectrometry
Li-AB Lithium amidoborane, Li-NH2-BH3 LUMO Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
LiBH4 Lithium borohydride m Meter(s) LIBS Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy M Mole, Molar; Million LiH Lithium hydride m2 Square meter(s) LLC Limited Liability Company; Lessons Learned m2/g Square meter(s) per gram Corner m2/s Square meter(s) per second LLNL Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory m3 Cubic meter(s) L/min, l/min Liter(s) per minute MA Mass activity; methyl acrylate LMWO Lanthanum molybdenum tungsten oxide (e.g., MA3T Market Acceptance of Advanced Automotive La2Mo1.8W0.2O9-x) Technologies
LN2 Liquid nitrogen µA Microampere(s) LNG Liquefied natural gas mA Milliamp(s) LOC Liquid organic carrier MA Mass activity LOHC Liquid organic hydrogen carrier M-AB Metal ammonia-borane LP Lattice parameter MAB, M-AB Metal amidoboranes LPG Liquefied petroleum gas µA/cm2 Microampere(s) per square centimeter LPM Liter(s) per minute mA/cm2 Milliamp(s) per square centimeter LPR Liquid-phase reforming MARAD Maritime Administration LQ* Dehydrogenated liquid carrier MARKAL Market Allocation Model—A generic, multi- LQ*H2 Hydrogenated liquid carrier sector energy model developed by the Energy L-R Longitudinal-radial Technology Systems Analysis Program of the International Energy Agency LRIP Low rate initial production MAS Magic angle spinning LRS Laser raman spectroscopy MASC Multi-acid side chain LS Local share MAS 11B-NMR LSAC Low-surface-area carbon Magic angle spinning boron-11 nuclear LSC Lanthanum strontium cobalt oxide, (La, Sr) magnetic resonance spectroscopy CoO , strontium-doped lanthanum cobaltite, 3 MAS-NMR Magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic La Sr CoO 0.8 0.2 3+δ resonance LSCF Lanthanum strontium cobalt iron oxide, MATI Modular Adsorption Tank Insert (La, Sr)(Co, Fe)O3 MAWP Maximum allowable working pressure LSCF7328 La-Sr-Cu-Fe-O MB Megabyte LSCM Lanthanum strontium chromium manganese MBE Molecular beam epitaxy oxide, (La, Sr)(Cr, Mn)O3 LSCr Lanthanum strontium chromium oxide, MBMS Molecular beam mass spectrometry
(La, Sr)CrO3 M-BOP Mechanical balance of plant LSF Large station first MBRC Miles between roadcall
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–13 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
MBWR Modified Benedict Webb Rubin MHCoE Metal Hydride Center of Excellence MC Monte Carlo; Methyl cellulose MHE Material handling equipment mC2 Multi-component composite (membrane) MHI Methylperhydroindole MCB Marine Corps Base MHz Megahertz mC-cm-2 Millicoulomb(s) per square centimeter mi Mile(s) MCEL Millenium Cell, Inc. MIE Minimum ignition energy MCFC Molten carbonate fuel cell MIEC Mixed ionic and electronic conduction mCHP Micro-combined heat and power mi/kg Mile(s) per kilogram μCHP Micro-combined heat and power mil Millimeter(s) µCHX Microscale combustor/heat exchanger Mim Methyl imidazole MCM Mobile crystalline material min Minute(s) μc-Si Microcrystalline silicon MIP Mercury intrusion porosimetry MDC Material-dependent components MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MDES Methyl-diethoxy silane MiTi® Mohawk Innovative Technologies Inc. mdip 5,5′-methylene-di-isophthalate MJ Megajoule(s) MDMC Material Data Management Consortium mL, ml Milliliter(s) m-dobdc 4,6-DiOxido Benzene 1,3-DiCarboxylate ML Monolayer MEA Membrane electrode assembly µCHP Micro-combined heat and power MeAB Methylamine borane µm Micrometer(s); micron(s) MEAM Modified embedded atom method µM Micromolar MEC Microbial electrolysis cell; Minimum mM Millimolar explosive concentration mm Millimeter(s) MeCN Acetonitrile MMBtu Million British thermal units MEIC Mixed electronic and ionic conducting MM-FSW Multi-pass, multi-layer friction stir welding (membranes) MMOF Microporous metal-organic framework MEMS Micro-electro-mechanical systems mmol Millimole(s) MeOH Methanol µmol Micromole(s) meq Milliequivalents MMSCFD Million standard cubic feet/day meq/g Milliequivalents/gram MMT Million metric tonnes MES Microstructered electrode scaffold Mn Manganese MeV Mega electron volt Mn2O3 Manganese oxide mf Mass fraction M-N-H Amide/imide Mg Megagram(s) MnO Manganese oxide µg Microgram(s) µΩ-cm2 Micro-ohm(s)-square centimeter mg Milligram(s) Mo Molybdenum MgCl Magnesium chloride 2 MO Molecular orbital; metal oxide mg/cm2 Milligram(s) per square centimeter MOA Memorandum of Agreement MgH Magnesium hydride 2 MOF Metal-organic framework MgH @C MgH incorporated in carbon scaffold 2 2 mol Mole(s) MgO Magnesium oxide MOL Middle of life Mg(OH) Magnesium hydroxide 2 mol% Mole percent mgPt/cm2 Milligram(s) of platinum per square mol/min Mole(s) per minute centimeter mΩ Milli-ohm(s) MH, M-H Metal hydride MΩ Mega-ohm(s) MHC Metal hydride-based compressor mΩ/cm2 Milli-ohm(s) per square centimeter
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–14 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
MoPc Molybdenum phthalocyanine MWCNT Multiple-wall carbon nanotube MOR Methanol oxidation reaction MWe Megawatt(s) electric MPa Megapascal(s) MWh Megawatt-hour(s) MPG, mpg Mile(s) per gallon MWNT Multi-wall carbon nanotube MPGGE Miles per gasoline gallon equivalent MWOE Midwest Optoelectronics, LLC mph Mile(s) per hour MWth Megawatt(s) thermal MPHI Methylperhydroindole MYPP Multi-Year Program Plan (the Fuel Cell MPL Micro-porous layer Technologies Office’s Multi-Year Research, Development, and Demonstration Plan) MPMC Massively Parallel Monte Carlo MYRDD, MYRD&DP mpy Miles per year Multi-Year Research, Development and MQMAS Multiple quantum magic angle spinning Demonstration Plan MR Membrane reactor N Normal (e.g., 1N H3PO4 is 1 normal solution MRCAT Materials Research Collaborative Access of phosphoric acid); Nitrogen atom; Newton Team (unit of force) MREC Microbial reverse-electrodialysis electrolysis N112 Nafion 1100 equivalent weight, 2 millimeter cell thick membrane
MRI Magnetic resonance imaging N2 Diatomic nitrogen
MRL Manufacturing readiness level N2O Nitrous oxide ms Millisecond(s) Na Sodium MS Mass spectroscopy; Mass spectrometry; More NA North American Stations Na2S Sodium sulfide MSAC Mid-range carbon support; Medium surface Na AlH Trisodium hexahydroaluminate area carbon 3 6 NaAlH4 Sodium aluminum hydride; Sodium MSC Moderate driver and short commute tetrahydroaluminate; Sodium alanate mS/cm Milli-Siemen(s) per centimeter NaBH4 Sodium borohydride MS-H2 Hydrogen mass spectrometry NaBO2 Sodium metaborate MSM Macro-System Model NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers MSR Membrane steam reformer NaCl Sodium chloride MSRI Materials and Systems Research, Inc. NACS North American Catalysis Society MSRP Manufacturer suggested retail price NADH (reduced) Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide MSTF Mesostructured thin films NADP Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate MTA Metric tonne per annum; Mass Transportation NADPH Nicotinamide adeninine dinucleotide Agency phosphate MTBIO Mean time between interrupted operation Nafion® Registered Trademark of E.I. DuPont de MTBF Mean time between failure Nemours MTBR Mean time between repairs NaH Sodium hydride M/TC Metal-doped templated carbon NA NG North American natural gas M-TCPP M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, H2, NaOH Sodium hydroxide tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin NAS National Academy of Sciences mtorr Millitorr NASA National Aeronautics and Space µV Microvolt(s) Administration mV Millivolt(s) Nb Niobium MV Methyl viologen Ncc Normal cubic centimeters mW Milliwatt(s) N/cm2 Newton(s) per square centimeter MW Megawatt(s); Molecular weight NCNR NIST Center for Neutron Research mW/cm 2 Milliwatt(s) per square centimeter ND Not determined at this time
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–15 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
NDC New delivery concept, Naphthalene-2,6- nm Nanometer(s) dicarboxylate NM Noble metal nDDB N-dodecyl benzene Nm3 Normal cubic meter(s) NDE Non-destructive examination NMHC Non-methane hydrocarbons NE U.S. DOE Office of Nuclear Energy, Science, NMOC Non-methane organic carbons and Technology nmol Nanomole(s) NEB Nudged elastic band NMP N-methylpyrrolidone NEC National Electrical Code NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance NEF N-ethylformamide NMSU New Mexico State University NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers NMT New Mexico Tech Association NNA Non-North American NEMS National Energy Modeling System NNA NG Non-North American natural gas NEPA National Environmental Policy Act NNIF NIST neutron imaging facility NETL National Energy Technology Laboratory NNSA National Nuclear Security Administration NEU Northeastern University NO Nitric oxide NEXAFS Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure 2 NOA Norland Optical Adhesive NFCBP National Fuel Cell Bus Program nOB N-octyl benzene NFCRC National Fuel Cell Research Center NOx, NO Oxides of nitrogen NFCTEC National Fuel Cell Technology Evaluation x Center NP Nanoparticle NFM Nanoporous framework material NPB Neopentyl benzene Nfn-Pt/C Nafion®-loaded Pt/C NPC Nanoporous carbon; Normalized photocurrent NFPA National Fire Protection Association NPD Neutron powder diffraction ng Nanogram NPDF Neutron powder diffraction NG Natural gas; Next generation NPGM Non-precious metal group NGCC Natural gas combined cycle NPM Nanostructured polymeric materials; Non-precious metal NGNP Next Generation Nuclear Plant NPMC Non-precious metal catalyst NGV Natural gas vehicle NPPD n-phenyl-phenylenediamine NH Ammonia 3 NPS National Park Service NHA National Hydrogen Association NPT Normal pressure and temperature NHE Normal hydrogen electrode NPV Net present value NHFC4 National Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Codes and Standards Coordinating Committee NR Nanorod
NHI Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative NR3 Tertiary amine NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety NRC National Research Council Administration of the U.S. Department of NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory Transportation NRELFAT NREL Fleet Analysis Toolkit Ni Nickel NRVS Nuclear resonance vibrational spectroscopy NICC Natural gas Infrastructure Component Cost NSF National Science Foundation model NSTF Nano-structured thin-film NILS Normal interstitial lattice sites NSTFC Nano-structured thin film catalyst NiMH Nickel metal hydride NT Nanotube NIR Near infra-red NTCNA Nissan Technical Center, North America NIST National Institute of Standards and NTE Negative thermal-expansion Technology N-T-NT Nano-grass type titania nanotube NL Normal liter(s) NV Neutron vibrational NLDFT Non-local density functional theory
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–16 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
NVS Neutron vibrational spectroscopy P Phosphorus; Pressure NW Nanowire Pa Pascal(s) NWM Natural Water Management, UTC Power’s PA Phosphoric acid, Phenylacetylene; Polyamide system and cell stack design which utilizes PAA Poly(acrylic acid); polyphthalamide evaprotative cooling in the cell stack P&D Pickup and delivery assembly PAD Polymer-assisted deposition NYSERDA New York State Energy Research and Development Authority PADD Petroleum Administration for Defense District NZVI Nano zerovalent iron PAES Poly(arylene-ether-sulfone) Ω Ohm(s) PAFC Phosphoric acid fuel cell Ωcm2 Ohm(s)-square centimeter P&ID Piping and instrumentation diagram O Oxygen PAN Peroxyacetyl nitrate; Polyacrylonitrile O Diatomic oxygen 2 PANI Polyaniline O/C Oxygen-to-carbon ratio PAN-MA Polyacrylonitrile with methyl acrylate OCP Open circuit potential PAN-VA Polyacrylonitrile with vinyl acetate OCSD Orange County Sanitation District PA/PBI Phosphoric-acid-doped polybenzimidazole OCV Open-circuit voltage PAR Photosynthetically-active radiation o.d.,OD Outer diameter PAS Photoactive semiconductor; Photo acoustic ODA Oxygenated form of diamine Pb Lead ODE Ordinary differential equation PB Polyborazylene; Pre-bridge OEC Oxygen evolving complex PBCTF Pressurized Button Cell Test Facility OEM Original equipment manufacturer PBD Performance-based design OER Oxygen evolution reaction PBI Polybenzimidazole OGMC Ordered graphitic mesoporous carbon PBPDSA poly(biphenylene disulfonic acid) OH- Hydroxyl radical P-C Pressure-composition O&M Operation and maintenance PC Polycarbonate OMC Ordered mesoporous carbon PCA Pyrenecarboxylic acid; Principal component Ω Ohm(s) analysis Ωcm2 Ohm(s)-square centimeter PCE Perchloroethylene ONR Office of Naval Research PCF Polycarbonate film ORF Opening Reading Frame indicating the PCHD Poly(cyclohexadiene) occurrence of a protein coding region in the DNA sequence PCI Pressure-composition isotherm ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory PCL Polycaprolactone ORNL-HTML PCM Power control module Oak Ridge National Laboratory High PCN Porous coordination network Temperature Materials Laboratory P-C-P Phosphorus-carbon-phosphorus ORR Oxygen reduction reaction PCR Polymerase chain reaction OSC Oxygen storage capability PCS Power conditioning system OSHA Occupational Safety and Health PCT, P-C-T Pressure-concentration-temperature Administration PCTFE Polychlorotrifluoroethylene OSM Optical scatterfield microscopy Pd Palladium o-SWNH Oxidized single-walled nanohorn PDA Phenyldiacetylene OSU Ohio State University; Oregon State PdAg Palladium-silver alloy University (Microproducts Breakthrough Institute) Pd-ACF Pd-modified activated carbon fibers OTM Oxygen transport membrane Pd-CR Palladium-based chemical resistor
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–17 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
PdCu, Pd-Cu Palladium-copper alloy PFGB Perfluorinated guanidine base PdCuTM Palladium copper transition metal PFG-NMR Pulse field gradient nuclear magnetic PDF Probability density function; Pair distribution resonance function PFGSE Pulse field gradient spin echo PdHg/CF Carbon foam doped with palladium-mercury PFGSE NMR Pulsed field gradient spin echo nuclear compound magnetic resonance PDI Polydispersity index PFIA Perfluoroimide acid Pd-MIS Palladium-based metal-insulator- PFPO Perfluorinated propylene oxide semiconductor PFPO-PSS Poly(perfluoropropylene oxide)-b- PDMS Polydimethylsiloxane poly(styrene sulfonate) PDS Potentiodynamic scan PFSA Perfluorinated sulfonic acid, perfluorosulfonic PDU Process development unit acid, poly(fluorosulfonic acid) PE Polyelectrolyte; Polyethylene PF-SFP PF sulfonyl fluoride precursor PEC Photoelectrochemical; Photoelectrocatalyst; PFSI Perfluorosulfonate ionomer Photoelectrochemical cell PFSHQ 2-(5-fluorosulfonyl-3-oxaoctafluoropentyl)- PECH Polyepichlorohydrin 1,4-dihydroxy-benzene PECVD Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition PG Propylene glycol PED Pulsed electrodeposition PGAA Prompt-gamma activation analysis PGE Platinum group element PEDOT:ClO4 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):perchlorate PEEK Polyether ether ether ketone PGM Precious group metal; Platinum-group metal PEFC Polymer electrolyte fuel cell; Proton exchange PGSE Pulsed-field gradient spin-echo fuel cell PGV Puna Geothermal Ventures PEG Polyethylene glycol pH Power of the hydronium ion
PEGMEMA Monomethoxypoly(ethyleneglycol) p-H2 Para-hydrogen methacrylate Ph3SnCl Triphenyltin chloride PEGS Prototype electrostatic ground state Ph3SnSnPh3 Hexaphenyldistannane PEI Polyetherimide; Polyethylene imine PHA Process hazard analysis; Preliminary hazard PEKK Poly (ether ketone ketone) analysis PEM Proton exchange membrane; Polymer PHEC Perhydro-ethylcarbazole electrolyte membrane PHEV Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle PEMFC Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell; PHI Perhydro-indolizidine Proton exchange membrane fuel cell PHIP Para-hydrogen induced polarization PEN Polyethylene naphthalate PHMI Perhydro-methylindole PEO Poly(ethylene oxide) PhOH Phenol PES Polyether sulfone; Proton Energy Systems, PI Principal investigator Inc.; Polyethersulfone PI Polyimide PET Polyethylene teraphthalate P&ID Piping and instrumentation diagram; Process PetF1 Synechocystis host ferredoxin and instrumentation diagram PEV Plug-in electric vehicle PIL, pIL Protic ionic liquid PF Perfluoro PIM, pIM Protic ionic membrane PFA Perfluoroalkoxy (a type of fluoropolymer; pK Acid dissociation constant Polyfurfuryl alcohol a PLC Programmable logic controller PFAC PFA-derived carbon PLLA Poly-L-lactic acid PFAE Perfluoroalkylether PLP Prepared Lewis pair PFC Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell PLRS Planar laser Raleigh scatter PFCS Poly-generative fuel cell systems PLS Polymer-layered silicate PFD Process flow diagram
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–18 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
PM Precious metal such as platinum; Particulate PSAT Powertrain Systems Analysis Toolkit, matter a vehicle simulation software package PMG Glycidyl methacrylate-type copolymer developed at Argonne National Laboratory PMMA Poly(methyl methacrylate) PSD Particle size distribution, pore size distribution PND Polymerized nitrogen donor PSEPVE Perfluoro (4-methyl-3,6-dioxaoct-7-ene) PNNL Pacific Northwest National Laboratory sulfonyl fluoride pO Oxygen partial pressure 2 PSf Poly(arylene ether sulfone) POC Proof of concept psi, PSI Pound(s) per square inch POCOP P,P-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-,3-[[bis(1,1- PSI Photosystem I dimethylethyl)phosphino]oxy]phenyl ester PSII Photosystem II POF Polymeric-organic framework; Porous organic framework psia Pound(s) per square inch absolute POM Polyoxometallate psid Pound(s) per square inch differential POP Porous organic polymers psig, PSIG Pound(s) per square inch gauge POSS Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane PSOFC Planar solid oxide fuel cell POX Partial oxidation PSS Porous stainless steel; Potentiostatic scan PP Polyphosphazene; Polypropylene; PSU Polysulfone Poly(phenylene) PSU Pennsylvania State University PPA Polyphosphoric acid; Polyphthalamide Pt Platinum ppb Part(s) per billion PT Phosphazene trimer ppbv Part(s) per billion by volume P-T Pressure-temperature
PPDSA Poly (p-phenylene disulfonic acid) Pt3Co Platinum-cobalt alloy
PPE Porous polyethylene Pt3Fe Platinum-iron alloy
PPI Plug Power, Inc.; Pore(s) per inch Pt3Ni Platinum-nickel alloy ppm, PPM Part(s) per million PTA Phosphotungstic acid ppmv Part(s) per million by volume Pt/AC/BC/IRMOF-8 ppmw Part(s) per million by weight Isoreticular metal organic framework (MOF) doped with platinum supported on activated PPN Porous polymer network carbon, and further coupled to MOF with a PPO Phenyl phosphine oxide bridging compound PPOR Metalloporphyrin porous organic polymer Pt/AX-21 Pt-doped microporous carbon AX-21 P-POSS Phosphonic acid polyhedral oligomeric Pt/C Platinum/carbon silsesquioxane PTC Production tax credit PPS Polyphenylene sulfide PTFE Teflon® – poly-tetrafluoroethylene PPSA Poly (p-phenylene sulfonic acid) Pt-FePO Platinum iron phosphate PPSA Partial pressure swing adsorption PTM Proton transport membrane PPSU Polyphenylsulfone PtML Platinum monolayer PPy Polypyrrole Pt-MM Platinum group mixed metal Pr Praseodymium Pt-NH Platinum decorated carbon nano-horns PR Pressure ratio PtO Platinum oxide PRA Probabilistic risk assessment PtO Platinum dioxide PRD Pressure relief device 2 PtRu Platinum ruthenium PrOx Preferential oxidation Pt-SWNH Platinum decorated single-walled nanohorns PRSV Peng-Robinson Stryjek-Vera Pt-TaPO Platinum tantalum phosphate PS Proton sponge (bis- (dimethyamino) PTTPP Poly-tetrakis(3,5-dithiophen-2-ylphenyl)- naphthalene); Polysiloxane porphyrin PSA Pressure swing adsorption, adsorber PTW Pump to wheels
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–19 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
PV Photovoltaic; Present value RED Reverse electrodialysis PVA Polyvinyl alcohol REWP Renewable Energy Working Party PVC Polyvinyl chloride Rf Generic fluoroalkyl group PVD Physical vapor deposition RF, rf Radio frequency PVDC Polyvinylidene chloride RFC Regenerative fuel cell PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride RFI Request for Information PVP Polyvinylpyrrolidone RFP Request for proposals PVPP Polyvinyl pyridinium phosphate RFT Reactive flow-through PVT, P-V-T Pressure-Volume-Temperature RGA Residual gas analyzer (analysis) PXRD Powder X-ray diffraction Rh Rhodium PyC 4-pyrazole carboxylate RH Relative humidity PzDC 2,8-pyrazabole dicarboxylate RHE Reference hydrogen electrode; Reversible Q Neutron momentum transfer hydrogen electrode Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 RHLC Relative humidity/load cycle test
Quarters of the year ρa Apparent density of activated carbon QC Quality control ρ Adsorbate hydrogen density in micropores ad.H2 QCM Quartz crystal microbalance RIF Reactive impinging flow QE Quantum efficiency RIXS Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering spectra QENS Quasielastic neutron scattering RMS Root mean square QLRA Qualitative risk analysis RNA Ribo nucleic acid QMC Quantum Monte Carlo RNG Renewable natural gas QNS Quasielastic neutron scattering ROI Return on investment QRA Quantitative risk assessment ROM Rough order of magnitude qRT-PCR Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase ROMP Ring-opening metathesis polymerization chain reaction ROW Right of way Qst Isosteric heat of adsorption RPC Ruthenium-polypridyl complex R Universal or ideal gas constant, 8.314472 J · RPI Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute K-1 · mol-1 rpm Revolution(s) per minute RAMAN A spectroscopic technique RPN Risk priority number RAS Russian Academy of Sciences RPS Renewable portfolio standard RBS Rutherford back scattering RPSA Rapic pressure swing adsorption RC Resistance-capacitance; Research cluster RR Round robin RCD Rated current density RRDE Rotating ring disc electrode RCS Regulations codes and standards RSOFC Reversible solid oxide fuel cell RCSWG Regulations, Codes, and Standards Working RT Room temperature Group RTD Resistive temperature device Rct Charge transfer resistance RTIL Room temperature ionic liquid RCWA Rigorous couples waveguide analysis RTO Ruthenium-titanium oxide R&D Research and development Ru Ruthenium RD&D, R,D&D Research, development & demonstration s Second(s) RDE Rotating disk electrode S Siemen(s); Sulfur Re Rhenium -S Sulfur-deprived ReaxFF Reactive force field large-scale molecular SA Specific amperage; Surface area; Sulfur- dynamic calculations ammonia thermochemical water-splitting cycle; System Architect REC Renewable energy credit
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–20 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
SAC Super-activated carbon SEOS Simple equation of state SAE SAE International, originally known as the SERA Scenario Evaluation, Regionalization, and Society of Automotive Engineers Analysis SAFC Solid acid fuel cell SERC Schatz Energy Research Center SAH Sodium aluminum hydride SET Surface energy treatment SAM Scanning Auger microscopy SF Safety factor; Polystyrene-b-PFPO
SAMPE Society for the Advancement of Material and SF6 Sulfur hexafluoride Process Engineering SFA Sulfonic acid SANS Small angle neutron scattering SFC2 SrFeCo0.5Ox SAS Styrene-acrylonitrile-vinylsulfate SFM Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ SASSP Solvent assisted solid state processing SFT Sr-Fe-Ti oxide SAXS Small angle X-ray scattering SFTI Sr0.1Fe0.9Ti0.10Ox SBAB Sec-butylamineborane SG Shale gas
SBET BET specific surface area SGD Spontaneous galvanic displacement; System SBH Sodium borohydride gravimetric density SBIR Small Business Innovation Research SGIP Self-Generation Incentive Program Sc Scandium Sh Sherwood S/C Steam to carbon ratio SHE Standard hydrogen electrode SCC Stress corrosion cracking Si Silicon sccm, SCCM Standard cubic centimeter(s) per minute S-I Sulfur-iodine SCCV Steel/concrete composite vessel SI Sulfur-iodine cycle; Spectrum image SCE Saturated calomel electrode Si3N4 Silicon nitride SCF, scf Standard cubic feet; Supercritical fluid SiC Silicon carbide scfd Standard cubic feet per day SiCN Silicon carbonitride SCFH, scfh Standard cubic feet per hour SIMS Secondary ion emission spectroscopy SCFM Standard cubic feet per minute Si-NS Silica nanosprings
S/cm Siemen(s) per centimeter SiO2 Silicon dioxide SCOF Single cell with open flowfield SIU Southern Illinois University SCR Selective catalytic reduction; Semi-conductor sL Standard liter (0°C, 1 atm) rectifier SLAC Stanford Linear Accelerator Center ScSZ Scandia-stabilized zirconia SLMA Sr- and Mn-doped LaAlO3 SD Standard deviation; System dynamics SLMA2 SrxLa1-xMnyAl1-yO3 perovskite compositions SDAPP Sulfonated Diels-Alder polyphenylene SLPH Standard liter(s) per hour SDAPPe Sulfonated Diels-Alder polyphenylene ether SLPM Standars liter(s) per minute SDC Samarium-doped ceria slpm, slm, sL/min sDCDPS 3,3′-disulfonate-4,4′-dichlorodiphenylsulfone Standard liter(s) per minute
SDE SO2-depolarized electrolyzer SLT Strontium-doped lanthanum titanate SDO Standards development organization SMART Specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, Se Selenium timely SE Secondary electron; spectroscopic SMR Steam methane reformer; Steam methane ellipsometry reforming sec Second(s) SMR-ECM Steam methane reformer with electrochemical SECA Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance purifier SECM Scanning electrochemical microscope SMR-PSA Steam methane reformer with pressure swing adsorption SEM Scanning electron microscopy; Scanning electron microscope SMT Single-molecule trap
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–21 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
Sn Tin SSC Short side-chain; Structure, system, and SNF Silica nanofiber component SNG Substitute natural gas SSF Small station first SNL Sandia National Laboratories SSM Sacrificial support method SNLL Sandia National Laboratory Livermore SSNMR Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance SnO Tin oxide SSRL Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory SSWAG Storage System Working Analysis Group SnO2 Tin dioxide SNR Signal-to-noise ratio STCH Solar thermochemical hydrogen SNS Spallation neutron source STEM Scanning transmission electron microscopy SNTT Spiral notch torsion test STH Solar to hydrogen STM Scanning tunneling microscopy SO2 Sulfur dioxide STMBMS Simultaneous thermogravimetric modulated SO3 Sulfur trioxide beam mass spectrometer SOC State-of-charge STP Standard temperature and pressure SOEC Solid oxide electrolysis cell; Solid oxide electrolyzer cell STS Scanning tunneling spectroscopy SOFC Solid oxide fuel cell STTP Shared Technology Transfer Project SOFEC Solid oxide fuel-assisted electrolysis cell STTR Small Business Technology Transfer
SOM Solid-oxide oxygen-ion-conducting Su Ultimate tensile strength membrane SU/SD Start-up/shut-down SORFC Solid oxide regenerative fuel cell SUNY-ESF State University New York College of SOTA State of the art Environmental Science and Forestry SOW Statement of work SV Space velocity; surface validation SOx Oxides of sulfur SVD System volumetric density sPAES Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) SW Square wave SPE Solid phase epitaxial SWCNH Single-wall carbon nanohorn SPEEK Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) SWCNT Single-walled carbon nanotube SPEK Sulfonated poly-etherketone-ketone SWNH Single-walled nanohorn SPEKK Sulfonated polyether(ether ketone ketone) SWNT Single-wall nanotube ® ® SPEX Type of milling machine SwRI Southwest Research Institute
SPM Scanning probe microscope Sy Yield strength sPOSS Sulfonated octaphenyl polyhedral oligomeric SUV Sport utility vehicle silsesquioxanes SYT Yttrium-doped strontium titanate S-PPSU Sulfonated polyphenylsulfone T Temperature SPS Spark plasma sintering T, t Ton, tonne sq. in. Square inch(es) T Tesla (unit of magnetic induction) Sr Strontium t Time
SR Steam reformer; Steam reforming; Salinity T1bar Temperature at which equilibrium pressure ratio; Stoichometric ratio of hydrogen is 1 bar for a hydrogen exchange SRNL Savannah River National Laboratory reaction SrO Strontium oxide Ta Tantalum SRR Solar receiver-reactor TA Terephthalic acid TAG Technical Advisory Group SrTiO3 Strontium titanate SS Stainless steel TAMU Texas A&M University SSA Specific surface area TaON Tantalum oxynitride SSAWG Storage System Analysis Working Group TaPO Tantalum phosphate TBAB Tetra-n-butylammonium bromide
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–22 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
TBA2B12H12 Tetra-n-butylammonium TGA Thermal gravimetric analysis; dodecahydrododecaborate Thermogravimetric analysis; TBABh Tetra-n-butylammonium borohydride Thermogravimetric analyzer TGA-DSC Thermo-gravimetric analysis-differential TBA-PF6 Tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate scanning calorimetry TBD To be determined TGA-MS Thermogravimetric analysis-mass TBMD Tight-binding molecular dynamic spectrometer TC Templated carbon; Thermocouple TG-DTA Thermo-gravimetric/differential thermal TCCR Transparent, conducting and corrosion analyzer resistant THF Tetrahydrofuran TCD Thermal conductivity detector Ti Titanium TCNE Tetracyanoethylene TiCl Titanium trichloride TCO Transparent conductive oxide; Total cost of 3 TiF Titanium trifluoride ownership 3 TiH Titanium hydride TDDFT Time-dependent density functional theory 2 Ti-IRMOF-16 Titanium (Ti) intercalated IRMOF-16 TDLAS Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy TiO Titanium dioxide (anatase) TDPAT 2,4,6-tris(3,5-dicarboxylphenylamino)-1,3,5- 2 triazine Tip 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl TDS Transitional demand scenario TIVM Toroidal intersecting vane machine Te Tellurium TKK Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K. K. te Metric ton or tonne (1,000 kg) TLA, Tla Truncated light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna TEA Triethylamine tla1 Mutant of the Tla1 gene (GenBank Assession TEA B H Triethylammonium dodecahydrododecaborate 2 12 12 No. AF534570) TEAA Triethylamine alane adduct tlaR Mutant of unknown gene with a truncated TEAB Tetraethyl ammonium borohydride light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna TEAH Tetraethylammonium hydroxide tlaX Mutant of unknown gene with a truncated TEAMS tetraethylammonium methane sulfonic light-harvesting chlorophyll antenna TED Triethylene-diamine TLCP Thermotropic liquid crystal polymer TEDA Triethylenediamine TM Tetramethyl bisphenol A; Transition metal TEM Transmission electron microscopy TMA Trimethylamine; Trimethylaluminum; TEOA Triethanolamine Thermal mechanical analyzer TEOM Tapered element oscillating microbalance TMAA Trimethylamine alane adduct TEOS Tetra-ethoxy silane TMAB Tetramethylammonium borohydride tf Thin film TMAH Tetramethylammonium hydroxide Tf Trifluormethane sufonate, or triflate anion TMB Trimethylborate 1 1 2 2 (CF3SO3-) TMEDA Tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine; N ,N ,N ,N - TFA Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine TFAc Trifluoroacetate TMG Tetramethyl guanidine TFE Tetrafluoroethylene TM-N-C Transition metal-doped nitrogen-carbon TFMPA Trifluoromethylphosphonic acid TMOS Tetramethoxy silane TFMSA Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid TMPP Tetramethoxyphenyl porphyrins TF-RDE Thin film rotating disk electrode TMPS Trimethoxyl phenyl silane tf-Si Thin-film silicon TMPyP Tetramethylpyridylporphine TFSI bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide TNA Titania nanotube array TFVE Trifluorovinyl ether TNT Trinitrotoluene TN-T TiO nanotubes Tg, Tg Glass transition temperature 2 TG Thermogravimetric; Theory Group TOC Total organic content
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–23 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
TOF Turnover frequency UL Underwriters Laboratory ToF-SIMS Time-of-flight secondary ion spectroscopy ULAM Ultra-low-angle microtomy TPA Tripropylamine; Temperature-programmed ULSD Ultra-low sulfur diesel adsorption UM University of Michigan TPAH Tetra-n-propylammonium hydroxide UMC Unsaturated metal centers TPB Triple phase boundary UMC Ultramicroporous carbon TPD Tonne(s) per day; tons/day UMCP University of Maryland, College Park TPD Thermally programmed desorption; UMSL University of Missouri, St. Louis Temperature-programmed desorption UN United Nations TPDMS Temperature-programmed desorption mass UNB University of New Brunswick spectrometry UNCC University of North Carolina at Charlotte TPO Temperature-programmed oxidation UNECE United Nations Economic Commission for TPP Tetraphenyl porphyrin Europe TPPS 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) UNLV University of Nevada, Las Vegas porphyrin UNLVRF UNLV Research Foundation TPR Temperature-programmed reduction UNM University of New Mexico TPRD Thermally-activated pressure relief device UNR University of Nevada, Reno TPS 3-(trihydroxysilyl)-1-propane-sulfonic acid UPD Underpotential deposition TPV Through-plate voltage UP-DW Ultra-pure distilled water TRA Technology Readiness Assessment UPE Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene TRAIN TrainingFinder Realtime Affiliate Network UPL Upper potential limit Tri-Gen Tri-generation UPS Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy TRL Technology readiness level U.S. United States TRO RuO -TiO 2 2 US06 Environmental Protection Agency vehicle Trityl Chemical blocking group used to protect driving cycle amines USA United States of America tr. oz. Troy ounce USANS Ultra-small angle neutron scattering TRU Transport refrigeration units USAXS Ultra-small angle X-ray scattering TSWS Temperature-swing water splitting USB Universal serial bus TVS Twin Vortices Series USC University of South Carolina; University of TW Triangel wave Southern California UC University of California USCAR United States Council for Automotive UCB University of California, Berkeley Research, U.S. Cooperative Automotive UCF University of Central Florida Research UCI University of California, Irvine USCG United States Coast Guard UCLA University of California, Los Angeles U.S. DRIVE United States Driving Research and UCONN University of Connecticut Innovation for Vehicle efficiency and Energy sustainability UCSB University of California, Santa Barbara USFCC United States Fuel Cell Council UDDS Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule USM University of Southern Mississippi UEL Upper explosive limit USTAG U.S. Technical Advisory Group UFL Upper flammability limit UT University of Toledo; University of Tennessee UGA University of Georgia, Athens UTC, UTC FC United Technologies Corporation Fuel Cells UH University of Hawaii UTC University of Tennessee, Chattanooga UHP Ultra-high purity UTCP UTC Power UHV Ultra-high vacuum UTRC United Technologies Research Center UIUC University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–24 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
UTS Ultimate tensile strength WAXD Wide-angle X-ray diffraction UV Ultraviolet WAXS Wide angle X-ray scattering UVL Upper voltage limit WBS Work breakdown schedule UV-vis Ultraviolet-visual WC Tungsten carbon; Tungsten carbide UW University of Washington W/cm 2 Watt(s) per square centimeter V Vanadium; Volt WDD Water displacement desorption
VA Vinyl acetate We, We Watt(s) electric VAC Volts alternating current WG Working group VACNTs Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes WG-12 Working Group 12 VANTA Vertically aligned nanotube arrays WGS Water-gas shift VASP Vienna ab initio simulation package WGSMR Water-gas shift membrane reactor VaTech Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State WGSR Water-gas shift reactor University Wh Watt-hour(s) VB Valence band W(H2) Gravimetric hydrogen storage capacity VBM Valence band minimum, Valence band W-h/kg Watt-hour(s) per kilogram maximum W-h/L, Wh/liter, Wh/L VC Vanadium carbide; Vulcan carbon; Watt-hour(s) per liter Volumetric capacity WHSV Weight hourly space velocity VDC Volts direct current Wind2H2 Wind to hydrogen demonstration project VDF Vinylidene fluoride W/kg Watt(s) per kilogram VDOS Vibrational density of states W/L, W/l Watt(s) per liter vdW van der Waals W/m-K, W/m.K, W/mK vdW-DF van der Waals density function Watt(s) per meter-Kelvin (unit of thermal VFA Volatile fatty acid conductivity) VFS Vehicle fueling station WMO World Meteorological Organization
V(H2) Volumetric hydrogen adsorption capacity; WO3 Tungsten trioxide Volumetric hydrogen storage capacity WOx Tungsten oxide VHSV Volumetric hourly space velocity WP.29 Working Party 29 - World Forum for VHTR Very high temperature gas-cooled nuclear Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations reactor Wppm Weight part(s) per million VHTS Virtual high-throughput screening WS Water splitting VI Venter Institute WSTF White Sands Test Facility V-I, V/I Voltage–current wt Weight VIM/VAR Vacuum induction melting/vacuum arc Wt Watt(s) thermal remelting wt%, wt.% Weight percent (percent by weight) VIR Voltage-current-resistance WT Wild type VIS Visible light at 400-700 nm WTP Well to pump; Water transport plate V Micropore volume mp WTPP Well-to-power plant VMT Vehicle miles traveled WTT Well-to-tank VOC Volatile organic compound, Voltage open WTW Well-to-wheels circuit w/v Weight by volume Vol., vol. Volume WWTP Waste water treatment plant vol% Volume percent X- an anionic ligand such as chloride V Total pore volume pore XAFS X-ray absorption fine structure VT Virginia Tech XANES X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy W Tungsten; Watt(s) XAS X-ray absorption spectroscopy
FY 2014 Annual Progress Report XII–25 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII. Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Definitions
XC72 High-surface-area carbon support made by Z Atomic number Cabot ZEBA Zero Emission Bay Area XES X-ray emission spectroscopy ZEV Zero emission vehicle
XO2 Oxygen mole fraction ZHS Zinc hydroxystannate XPS X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray ZIF Zeolitic imidazolate framework photon spectroscopy, X-ray photoemission ZIO Zirconium-doped indium oxide spectroscopy, X-ray photoluminescence spectroscopy ZMOF Zeolite(-type) metal-organic framework XPS-UPS X-ray photoelectron-ultraviolet photoelectron Zn Zinc spectroscopy ZnO Zinc oxide XRD X-ray diffraction ZPE Zero point energy XRF X-ray fluorescence zpp Zirconium phenyl phosphonate XRT X-ray tomography Zr Zirconium
Y Yttrium ZrO2 Zirconium dioxide YB Young Brothers, Ltd. ZrSPP Zirconium phosphate sulfophenylphosphonate yr, YR Year ZVI Zerovalent iron YSZ Yttria-stablized zirconia
DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program XII–26 FY 2014 Annual Progress Report