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60Th Anniversary of the People's Republic of China Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Search Wikipedia 60th anniversary of the People's Republic of China Coordinates: 39°54′26.4″N 116°23′27.9″E Main page From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents The 60th anniversary of the Current events Celebrations of the 60th Random article founding of the People's Republic anniversary of the founding of the About Wikipedia of China took place on 1 October People’s Republic of China Contact us 2009.[2] A military parade involving 庆祝中华人民共和国成立60周年活动 Donate 10,000 troops and the display of many Contribute high­tech weapons was held in Tiananmen Square in Beijing and Help Learn to edit various celebrations were conducted Community portal all over the country. China's Recent changes paramount leader Hu Jintao inspected Upload file the troops along Chang'an Avenue in Beijing. This parade was immediately Tools Logo for the 60th anniversary of the PRC followed by a civilian parade involving What links here Genre Military parade, mass pageant, 100,000 participants. Related changes music and dance gala Special pages Contents [hide] Date(s) 1 October 2009 Permanent link Frequency Select years[A] Page information 1 Background Cite this page 2 Preparations Location(s) Chang'an Avenue, Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China Wikidata item 2.1 Security Coordinates 39°54′26.4″N 116°23′27.9″E 3 Media Print/export Years active 71 4 Parades Download as PDF 4.1 Leaders Inaugurated 1 October 1949 Printable version 4.2 Military parade Previous 50th anniversary of the People's event Republic of China In other projects 4.2.1 List of participating Next event 70th anniversary of the People's Wikimedia Commons divisions in the parade Republic of China 4.2.2 List of military vehicles Languages Participants Hu–Wen Administration, PLA, paraded Italiano PAP, the Militia, and other 4.3 Grand pageant (Mass formations 中文 pageant) Edit links Leader Hu Jintao (chairman) 4.3.1 List of floats People Fang Fenghui (chief commander of 4.3.2 List of card sequence the military parade) slogans Website Xinhua 4.4 Music People's Daily 4.5 Broadcast China Daily 5 National Day Evening Gala 5.1 Songs Celebrations of the 60th 6 Commemorative coins and stamps anniversary of the founding of the 7 Celebrations abroad People's Republic of China 8 Incidents and protests Simplified Chinese 庆祝中华人民共和国 8.1 Kyodo reporters assault 成立60周年活动 8.2 Hong Kong protests Traditional Chinese 慶祝中華人民共和國 9 See also 成立60周年活動 10 Notes Literal meaning celebrating Chinese people's republic's 11 References founding seventy 12 External links anniversary live action Transcriptions [show] Grand gathering Background [ edit ] Simplified Chinese 庆祝中华人民共和国 The People's Republic of China was 成立60周年大会 founded on 1 October 1949. Since Traditional Chinese 慶祝中華人民共和國 then, celebrations of varying scales 成立60周年大會 occur on National Day each year. Literal meaning celebrating Chinese Military parades, presided over by people's republic's Chairman Mao Zedong, were held founding seventy every year between 1949 and 1959. anniversary mass In September 1960, the Chinese gathering leadership decided that in order to Transcriptions [show] save funds and "be frugal", large­ scale ceremonies for National Day would only be held every ten years, with a smaller­scale ceremony every five years.[3] The last large­scale celebration during the Mao era was in 1969. Large­scale celebrations did not take place for 14 years amidst the climax of the Cultural Revolution.[3] Since then, the most prominent The 60th Anniversary Military Parade took National Day celebrations have taken place on Chang'an Avenue, beneath place in 1984 and 1999, at the 35th Tiananmen. and 50th anniversaries respectively. During these celebrations, then­ paramount leader Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin reviewed military parades of the People's Liberation Army. The 2009 parade was the first and last time Hu Jintao oversaw this task, as he left office of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (paramount leader) in 2012 due to term limits.[4] Preparations [ edit ] 40 million potted flowers, supplied by the state­owned Beijing Flowers & Trees Corp., were put in place in Beijing streets, approximately 5 million of which have been planted along the east–west axis of Chang'an Avenue, east–west axis of Chang'an Avenue, also known as 'Avenue of Eternal Peace'. Flowers in Tiananmen Square were under 24­hour surveillance; Beijing Jinggong Red Flag factory is Banner in Shenzhen in late August producing 2 million national flags for the celebrations.[5] In Tiananmen Square itself, 56 "pillars of national unity" – each one symbolizing the 56 ethnic groups in China – were erected, with each containing fireworks for the night event on 1 October.[6] 800,000 volunteers controlled crowds and maintained order while a further 30,000 provided translation services at subway and bus stations.[7] Mosquitoes, rats, flies, and cockroaches were the targets of professional exterminators – four unannounced night­time sweeps were carried out around Tiananmen Square in Beijing, including in the Forbidden City complex. The public was encouraged to support the eradication through red slogan banners along Beijing streets and alleys, in what The Times said was reminiscent of the Four Pests campaign. One of these slogans read: "Eradicate the four pests, stress hygiene. Cleanly, cleanly welcome National Day!”[8] Tiananmen Square was sealed off for the day on 29 August for the first rehearsals. Tens of thousands of fully costumed performers rehearsed on 16 September.[9] The military also prepared, with several hundred vehicles rolling down Chang'an Avenue on 6 September.[10] parts of Beijing were closed down on 18 September for the final rehearsals of the anniversary parade. Police cleared streets and office buildings on the main roadways near Tiananmen Square from noon onwards for rehearsals that evening. State media went into overdrive, for example, highlighting how thousands of troops spent four months drilling to march in step on a mock practice ground with scale model of Chang'an Avenue ­ complete with the leadership reviewing stand.[11] Following disruptions caused by the drills, which shut down roads and large parts of the Beijing Subway, Xinhua News Agency announced that the final rehearsal parade, scheduled for 26 September, was called off.[12] Security [ edit ] The Sunday Times reported that "thousands of agents will stage a security clampdown exceeding anything seen for the 2008 Olympic Games".[13] Police in Beijing and neighbouring provinces were in a heightened state of readiness, with night patrols by armed police lasting from 15 September until the end of the festivities.[5] All basements in the city were subject to inspection by police, while some restaurants with roof terraces were not permitted to seat patrons on sides overlooking the street for the duration.[10] However, despite the supposed high alert around Beijing, a man armed with a knife killed two people and injured 12 in the heart of Beijing on 17 September.[14] Peter Ford of The Christian Science Monitor said that the stabbing incident had been played down locally.[15] Following the attacks, however, the knives were removed from sale at some stores such as Wal­ Mart and Carrefour.[16][17] Thousands of paramilitary officers were deployed at bridges, road tunnels and other strategic points in the city.[18] Residents were warned that if they stepped out onto balconies along the route, they might be shot.[13] 30,000 people with tickets have been invited to watch the event, but others were encouraged to watch it on television to "avoid complications."[19] The Times says the authorities engaged counter­terrorist units and informers in districts where Xinjiang Muslims live, placed Tibetan Buddhists under surveillance, and arrested dissidents.[13] Peasants coming to the capital to present their grievances as petitions were blocked.[13] while the government ordered the search of all cars entering Beijing. The security drives organised by the Ministry of Public Security in Beijing, as well as neighbouring Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong and Shanxi provinces, the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and the Tianjin Municipality was dubbed a "Security Moat" by a senior official. The official said the "safety of China's National Day celebrations and stability in Beijing was of overriding importance."[20] The Times reported Internet users saying censorship has been tightened: many sites have been blocked, among them Facebook and Twitter;[13] one media analyst said that the authorities upgraded their technology to block free proxy services and were trying to block any free proxy services and VPNs during the week prior to the anniversary.[21] Other security arrangements in place included relocation of mailboxes and newspaper stands along Chang'an Avenue and the closure or restricted opening of some of the hotels along the route (ex. the Beijing Hotel, the Beijing News Plaza Hotel, and the Beijing International Hotel). Other hotels on Chang'an Avenue closed guest rooms facing the main road during the celebrations.[5] Media [ edit ] The government established a media centre from 22 September until 2 October at the Media Center Hotel catering for journalists covering celebrations. The centre's deputy, Zhu Shouchen, said they received applications from more than 4,500 journalists around the world, including some 1,300 journalists from 346 media organisations in 108 countries. Almost 400 of them were said to be from Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.[22] A film entitled The Founding of a Republic, commissioned by China's film regulator and made by the China Film Group (CFG) to mark the anniversary, was released nationwide on 17 September. The film retells the tale of the Communist ascendancy and triumph, with a star­studded cast including Zhang Ziyi, Jackie Chan, Jet Li, and directors Jiang Wen, Chen Kaige and John Woo in mostly cameos appearances; the leading roles – such as Mao Zedong – were played by lesser known actors.
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