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Mg. Oec. Anita Kokarēviča SMĒĶĒŠANAS EKONOMISKAIS

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Mg. Oec. Anita Kokarēviča SMĒĶĒŠANAS EKONOMISKAIS Daugavpils Universitāte Sociālo zinātņu fakultāte Ekonomikas un socioloģijas katedra Mg. oec. Anita Kokarēviča SMĒĶĒŠANAS EKONOMISKAIS IZVĒRTĒJUMS LATVIJĀ Promocijas darbs Ekonomikas doktora (Dr.oec.) zinātniskā grāda iegūšanai Promocijas darba zinātniskā vadītāja: Dr.oec., Latvijas Lauksaimniecības universitātes Uzņēmējdarbības un vadībzinātnes institūta vadošā pētniece Elita Jermolajeva: __________________________ Promocijas darba autore: ______________________ DAUGAVPILS 2020 SATURA RĀDĪTĀJS ANOTĀCIJA ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 ANNOTATION ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Informācija par publikācijām un zinātniski pētniecisko darbu ....................................................................... 5 Promocijas darbā ievietoto tabulu saraksts ................................................................................................. 11 Promocijas darbā ievietoto attēlu saraksts .................................................................................................. 13 Promocijas darbā ievietoto formulu saraksts ............................................................................................... 15 Promocijas darbā lietotie saīsinājumi .......................................................................................................... 16 IEVADS .......................................................................................................................................................... 17 1. SMĒĶĒŠANAS UN TĀS SEKU TEORĒTISKĀS IZPĒTES IETVARS ................................................................... 23 1.1. Smēķēšanas ekonomiskās ietekmes uz sabiedrību skaidrojošās teorētiskās pieejas ..................... 23 1.2. Smēķēšanas izplatība un sekas Latvijā un Eiropas Savienības valstīs .............................................. 26 1.3. Smēķēšanas ierobežošanas politikas instrumenti un to pielietojums Latvijā ................................. 43 1.4 Ekspertu aptaujas par tabakas lietošanas uzraudzības pasākumu rezultativitāti analīze ............... 52 2. SMĒĶĒŠANAS EKONOMISKĀS IETEKMES NOVĒRTĒŠANAS METODOLOĢIJA ........................................... 59 2.1. Epidemioloģiskā pieeja smēķēšanas ekonomiskajos izvērtējumos ................................................. 59 2.2. Ekonomiskās pieejas smēķēšanas ekonomiskajos izvērtējumos .................................................... 78 2.3. Latvijas smēķēšanas izmaksu un ieguvumu novērtēšanas modeļa izstrāde ................................... 90 3. LATVIJAS SMĒĶĒŠANAS IZMAKSU UN IEGUVUMU NOVĒRTĒŠANAS REZULTĀTI UN TO ANALĪZE ......... 104 3.1. Smēķēšanas izmaksu un ieguvumu rādītāji Latvijā......................................................................... 104 3.2. Latvijas rezultāti Eiropas Savienības valstu kontekstā .................................................................. 119 NOBEIGUMS ............................................................................................................................................ 124 Galvenie secinājumi un atzinumi ........................................................................................................... 124 Galvenās problēmas un iespējamie risinājumi ...................................................................................... 129 BIBLIOGRĀFIJA ...................................................................................................................................... 131 PIELIKUMI ................................................................................................................................................... 150 2 ANOTĀCIJA Anitas Kokarēvičas promocijas darbs ekonomikā reģionālās ekonomikas apakšnozarē “Smēķēšanas ekonomiskais izvērtējums Latvijā” izstrādāts Daugavpils Universitātes Sociālo zinātņu fakultātes Ekonomikas katedrā LLU vadošās pētnieces Dr. oec. Elitas Jermolajevas vadībā laika posmā no 2014. gada līdz 2019. gadam. Promocijas darba zinātniskais konsultants ir RSU profesors Dr. med. Ģirts Briģis. Promocijas darba mērķis ir izvērtēt smēķēšanas ekonomiskos aspektus Latvijā un izstrādāt smēķēšanas izmaksu un ieguvumu novērtēšanas modeli. Pētījuma I daļā ir apkopotas teorētiskās pieejas, kas skaidro smēķēšanas ekonomisko ietekmi uz sabiedrību. Salīdzināta un analizēta informācija par aktīvās un pasīvās smēķēšanas izplatību un sekām, legālo un nelegālo tabakas izstrādājumu apriti Latvijā un Eiropas Savienības valstīs, izvērtēti smēķēšanas ierobežošanas politikas instrumenti un to pielietojums, kā arī analizēta aptauja, kurā eksperti tika izjautāti par tabakas izstrādājumu lietošanas uzraudzības pasākumu rezultativitāti. Pētījuma II daļā ir apkopota un izvērtēta smēķēšanas ekonomiskās ietekmes novērtēšanas metodoloģija, kā arī pamatota Latvijas iedzīvotāju smēķēšanas izmaksu un ieguvumu novērtēšanas modeļa izstrāde. Pētījuma III daļā ir veikta smēķēšanas izmaksu un ieguvumu novērtēšanas rezultātu analīze. Promocijas darba nobeigumā ir formulēti galvenie teorētiskie un empīriskie secinājumi, kā arī izstrādāti ieteikumi tabakas lietošanas uzraudzības politikas veidošanai un īstenošanai Latvijā. Promocijas darba apjoms ir 149 lpp.; darbu papildina 12 pielikumi. 3 ANNOTATION The present doctoral thesis in economics (subdivision – regional economics), entitled The Economic Assesment of Smoking in Latvia, has been developed by Anita Kokarēviča at Daugavpils University, Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Economics from 2014 to 2019. It has been supervised by Dr. oec. Elita Jermolajeva, the leading researcher at the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. The scientific advisor of the paper is professor Dr. med. Ģirts Briģis from Rīga Stradiņš University. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the economic aspects of smoking in Latvia and to develop a model for estimating the costs and benefits of smoking. In the first part of the thesis, the author provides a summary of theoretical approaches that explain the economic impact of smoking on society. This part: (1) contains a comparison and an analysis on the prevalence of active and passive smoking and its consequences; (2) discusses the legal and illegal circulation of tobacco products in Latvia and other EU countries, (3) examines and evaluates various smoking restriction policy instruments and their application, and (4) analyses the expert survey on effectiveness of tobacco control measures. In the second part of the thesis, methodology for assessing the economic impact of smoking is devised and the development of a Latvian cost-benefit model for smoking is described. In the third part of the thesis, the results of the cost evaluation and smoking benefits are analysed. At the end of the thesis, the main theoretical and empirical conclusions are formulated and recommendations for the development and implementation of tobacco control policy in Latvia are put forward. The thesis comprises 149 pages and 12 appendices. 4 INFORMĀCIJA PAR PUBLIKĀCIJĀM UN ZINĀTNISKI PĒTNIECISKO DARBU Publikācijas Latvijas un ārvalstu zinātniskajos izdevumos 1. Kokarevica, A., Ludzeniece, A. Cost-Benefit Analysis of Smoking in Latvia. In: SHS Web of Conferences: Proceedings. 7th International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference 'Society. Health. Welfare. Part II, Riga: Rīga Stradiņš University. Acknowledgment, 2019. 2. Kokarevica, A., Jermolajeva, E. (2019) Economic Aspects of Tobacco Product Consumption. Reģionālais ziņojums. Pētījumu materiāli / A regional Review. Research papers. 14 (2018/2019), Daugavpils, Daugavpils Universitātes Akadēmiskais apgāds “Saule”, 2019, 72. – 83.lpp. ISSN 1691-6115. Pieejams: https://du.lv/wp- content/uploads/2019/12/Regionalais-Zinojums-14_DRUKA.pdf (ind. in EBSCO, ProQuest, WINIR). 3. Kokarēviča, A. (2016) The prevalence and the socio-economic costs of smoking among the working age population in Latvia. In: SHS Web of Conferences: Proceedings. 5th International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference “Society. Health. Welfare”, Riga, Nov. 26–28. Riga: Rīga Stradiņš University, 2016, 00017 p. 1– 00025. ISBN 978-2-7598-9007-1. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20163000025 (ind. in Web of Science). 4. Kokarēviča, A. (2015) The economic burden of tobacco use and the life quality among the Latvian working age population. In: Latvia University of Agriculture, Proceedings of the 8th International Scientific Conference 'Rural Environment. Education. Personality. 2015, pp. 222–229. ISBN 978-9984-48-178-4. Available from: http://bit.ly/REEP_2015_proceedings (ind. in Web of Science, AGRIS). 5. Razgale,I., Kokarēviča, A., Bolšteina, G. (2014) Agrīna sociālā darba intervence sociālo risku mazināšanai : sociālekonomiskais aspekts. No: DU 55. Starptautiskās Zinātniskās Konferences Materiāli. Daugavpils: Daugavpils Universitātes akadēmiskais apgāds “Saule”, 2014, - Daugavpils, 2014, 417. - 426.lpp. ISBN 978- 9984-14-665-2. Pieejams: https://dukonference.lv/files/proceedings_of_conf/DU_55_starpt_zinatn_konf_rakstu_ 5 kraj.pdf (ind. in EBSCO). 6. Kokaревичa, А. (2013) Оценка факторов, влияющих на формирование зависимости у молодежи. In: The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin Collection of Scientific Papers. Lublin: Wydawnictwo KUL, 2013, pp. 224–229. ISBN 978-83-7702-663-2. 7. Kokarēviča, A. (2013) Socio-Economic factors Impact Evaluation on Latvia Economy development.
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