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Tupakkakertomus 2003 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Julkari Kansanterveyslaitoksen julkaisuja B 2 / 2004 Publications of the National Public Health Institute Kristiina Patja • Ari Haukkala Tupakkakertomus 2003 Helsinki, 2004 Kansanterveyslaitoksen julkaisuja B 2 / 2004 Publications of the National Public Health Institute Kristiina Patja • Ari Haukkala Tupakkakertomus 2003 Kansanterveyslaitos Epidemiologian ja terveyden edistämisen osasto KTL-National Public Health Institute, Finland Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion Helsinki, 2004 Kansanterveyslaitoksen tupakkatyöryhmä Aulikki Nissinen, KTL, puheenjohtaja Varalla: Mervi Hara, Suomen Ash ry Riitta Muotka, Hengitysliitto Heli Kari Reijula, TTL Antero Heloma, TTL Liisa Katajamäki, STM Pirjo Koskinen-Ollonqvist, TEK Harri Vertio, TEK Matti Kunnari, STTV Leena Leikas, STTV Jouko Lönnqvist, KTL Kimmo Kuoppasalmi, KTL Matti Rautalahti, Suomen Syöpäyhdistys Satu Lipponen, Suomen Syöpäyhdistys Matti Rimpelä, Stakes Salme Ahlström, Stakes Antti Uutela, KTL Patrick Sandström, KTL Erkki Vartiainen, KTL Meri Paavola, KTL Copyright National Public Health Institute KTL Julkaisija - Utgivare - Publisher Kansanterveyslaitos (KTL) Mannerheimintie 166 00300 Helsinki Puh. vaihde (09) 47441, telefax (09) 4744 8338 Folkhälsoinstitutet Mannerheimvägen 166 00300 Helsingfors Tel. växel (09) 47441, telefax (09) 4744 8338 National Public Health Institute Mannerheimintie 166 00300 Helsinki Telephone + 358-9-47441, telefax +358-9-4744 8338 ISBN: 951-740-416-6 (PDF) ISSN: 0359-3576 Hakapaino Oy Helsinki 2004 SISÄLLYSLUETTELO TIIVISTELMÄ ............................................................................................................................................3 ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................4 JOHDANTO ................................................................................................................................................5 TUPAKKALAINSÄÄDÄNTÖ ...................................................................................................................5 Tupakkalain kehitys Suomessa .................................................................................................................5 Lain keskeinen sisältö...............................................................................................................................6 Ravintolatupakointi ..................................................................................................................................7 Lain toimeenpano ja valvonta ..................................................................................................................7 Tupakkaveron määräytyminen ja tuotto ...................................................................................................8 TUPAKOIMATTOMUUDEN EDISTÄMINEN...........................................................................................8 TUPAKOINTI SUOMESSA 2002............................................................................................................10 Tupakkatuotteiden kulutus......................................................................................................................10 Aikuisten tupakointi................................................................................................................................10 Nuorten tupakointi .................................................................................................................................12 Nuuska ...................................................................................................................................................13 Ympäristön tupakansavu........................................................................................................................13 Tupakoinnin väheneminen ja sairastavuus............................................................................................15 VALTION LAITOSTEN TUPAKKAA KOSKEVA TOIMINTA...........................................................16 Kansanterveyslaitos .......................................................................................................................16 Kansainvälinen monitorointi......................................................................................................18 Työterveyslaitos.............................................................................................................................19 Stakes.............................................................................................................................................20 Tampereen yliopisto ......................................................................................................................20 Järjestötoiminta .....................................................................................................................................20 TEEMA I: NAISTEN TUPAKOINTI ...................................................................................................23 Johdanto.................................................................................................................................................23 Tupakoivatko naiset eri tavalla kuin miehet..........................................................................................23 Tupakka, nainen ja sairaudet.................................................................................................................25 Tupakka ja raskaus ................................................................................................................................25 Raskaaksi tuleminen ..........................................................................................................................26 Raskauden ajan ongelmat ..................................................................................................................26 Sikiöön kohdistuvat haitat .................................................................................................................27 Tupakointi ja imetys ..........................................................................................................................28 Tupakointi ja lapsen terveys ..................................................................................................................29 Muut terveysvaikutukset.........................................................................................................................29 Raskauden ja imetyksen aikainen tupakoinnin lopettaminen ................................................................30 Taloudellinen arvio................................................................................................................................31 Suositukset ja toimenpiteet.....................................................................................................................32 Viitteet ...............................................................................................................................................33 1 TEEMA II: NUORTEN TUPAKOINNIN ALOITTAMINEN ...........................................................37 Nuorten tupakoinnin kehitys numeroina................................................................................................37 Tupakoinnin aloittamisen vaiheet..........................................................................................................39 Siirtyminen vaiheesta toiseen.................................................................................................................40 Tupakoinnin aloittamiseen liittyvät ja sitä ennustavat tekijät ...............................................................40 Vanhempien tupakointi......................................................................................................................40 Sisarusten ja ystävien tupakointi........................................................................................................42 Psykososiaaliset riskitekijät ...............................................................................................................42 Sosiaalinen asema ja tupakoinnin aloittaminen.................................................................................43 Mitä nuoret tietävät tupakoinnista.........................................................................................................44 Tupakkariippuvuus ja sen syntyminen ...................................................................................................45 Päätelmät....................................................................................................................................................46 Viitteet .......................................................................................................................................................47 LIITTEET Tupakasta tai tupakoinnista julkaistut väitöskirjat 1977-2003 ..................................................................49 Suomalaiset tutkimusjulkaisut vuonna 2002 ja 2003 ................................................................................51 Yhteystietoja ja tietolähteitä ......................................................................................................................56 Tupakoimattomuuden edistämistyötä tekeviä järjestöjä............................................................................57 2 TIIVISTELMÄ
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