Systematic Account

Subfamily Duponchel, 1845 (continued from volume 5)

Abraxini + Cassymini + Eutoeini group of tribes (part): Addition (other treated in volume 5)

The tribes Abraxini, Cassymini and Eutoeini are morphologically similar (see Skou & Sih­ vonen 2015 for details) and their close relationship is supported by molecular data also (Sihvonen et al. 2011). An extensive molecular study on the Geometroidea phylogeny is under preparation and preliminary results continue to support the relationships of the three mentioned Ennominae groups including the Odontognophos Wehrli, 1951 (M­ urillo-Ramos et al. 2019) which is tentatively placed here in the Abraxini. Morphol- ogy of the genus Dicrognophos Wehrli, 1951 also supports association with the mentioned group, tribe Cassymini (it has thus far not been included in a molecular study). Both genera are transferred here from the Gnophini (e.g. Hausmann et al. 2004; 2011a) to the Abraxini + Cassymini + Eutoeini group. Odontognophos had been included in the broad concept of in Beljaev (2016). In volume 5 of the Geometrid Moths of Europe (Skou & Sih­vonen 2015) the following genera of the mentioned tribal group were treated: Leach, 1815, Guenée, 1858, Hübner, 1825 and Guenée, 1845. The group is diagnosed by the following characters (Holloway 1994; Skou & Sihvonen 2015): Valva divided, its dorsal arm often narrow and curved, setose apically. Male 8th sternite unmodified. Fovea in male forewing often present. Chaetosemata present. Trans- verse setal comb often present on male 3rd abdominal sternite. Forewing radial veins often reduced in number. Female structures variable, diagnostic characters not yet identified.

Tribus Abraxini (part): Addition (other species treated in volume 5)

Odontognophos Wehrli, 1951 (new tribus combination)

Odontognophos Wehrli, 1951, Lambillionea 51: 8, 29. Type species: dumetata T­ reitschke, 1827. Unavailable names (misspelling): Odontignophos: Wehrli (1951: 8), Odonthognophos: Vives Moreno (1994).

Diversity and distribution: Odontognophos contains three species in the western Palaearctic region.

External characters and abdomen: Rather large moths, wingspan 33−39 mm. Wings light grey to brown with faint blackish medial lines. Underside of wings almost devoid of mark- ings. Wing termen undulating, particularly on hindwings. Male and female antennae fili- form. Hindlegs in both sexes with 2+2 spurs, male hindleg slightly swollen with narrow hair pencil. Abdominal sternites unmodified.

29 Male genitalia: Uncus setose. Socii absent. Gnathos well-developed, medial element up- turned. Valva divided, ventral arm with spinose apex, dorsal arm setose. Ventral part of ­juxta simple, elongated, sclerotized. Dorsal part of juxta with two shallow concavities. Sac- cus round. Aedeagus with sclerotized ridges. Vesica base covered with microcornuti.

Female genitalia: Papillae anales elongated. Lamella postvaginalis and antevaginalis fused, massive, strongly sclerotized. Corpus bursae elongated, membranous. Signum elongated plate with horizontal ridge, located at anterior end of corpus bursae.

Biology, habitat, phenology: Larva of O. dumetata recorded on Rhamnus spp., including R. alaternus, R. saxatilis, reared on R. catharticus (Elliot & Skinner 1995; Flamigni et al. 2016). Erroneously recorded on Phillyrea latifolia Millière (1858–1864) (Flamigni et al. 2016). Pupation in a fine loose web above ground (M. Leipnitz pers. comm.). O. dumetata inhabits xerothermic, rocky and bushy habitats, preferring limestone substrate (Patočka & Turčani 2005), clearings of karst woods and dry oak forests (Vojnits 1967), occurring from 70 up to 1850 m (Flamigni et al. 2016). Adults from August to October overwintering as egg (Patočka & Turčani 2005; Redondo et al. 2009; Flamigni et al. 2016).

Immature stages: Larva of O. dumetata light to dark fleshy grey with vague longitudinal stri- ations, dorsal line prominent and blackish on segments 1−3 and 9−11. Well camouflaged on its resting background, a Rhamnus twig (Elliot & Skinner 1995). cremaster of O. dumetata elongated and bifurcate (Patočka & Turčani 2005).

Remarks: Earlier studies did not reach a consensus which species should be combined with genus Odontognophos. Scoble (1999) included three species: O. dumetata, O. perspersata and O. zacharia. Other authors have combined some of the above-mentioned species with Gnopharmia Staudinger, 1892 (Leraut 2009), Odontognophos subgenus Dicrognophos (Vives Moreno 1994), and Gnophos subgenus Dicrognophos (Gómez de Aizpúrua 2002). Leraut (2009) included one additional species in the genus: O. sartata.

Recently Odontognophos has been classified in the Gnophini (Vives Moreno 1994; Viidalepp 1996; Hausmann et al. 2004; 2011a), in the (Patočka 2003) and in the broad concept of Macariini in Beljaev (2016). The divided valva, setose uncus in the male genita- lia and bifurcate pupa cremaster are similar to the equivalents in the Abraxini + Cassymini + Eutoeini group (Patočka & Turčani 2005), but elongated signum with horizontal ridge is similar to the Boarmiini, which is sister group of the Abraxini + Cassymini + Eutoeini group (see for instance McDunnough, 1920 and Wehrli, 1943 in this volume). In an extensive molecular phylogeny analysis genus Odontognophos groups within the Abraxini + Cassymini + Eutoeini group (Murillo-Ramos et al. 2019). Systematic position: Abraxini + Cassymini + Eutoeini group, tentatively in Abraxini.

1. Odontognophos dumetata (Treitschke, 1827)

Gnophos dumetata Treitschke, 1827: Schmett. Eur. 6 (1): 163 ([Yugoslavia]: Dalmatia). Lecto­ type ♂, paralectotypes 2♀ (designated by Vojnits (1967), in Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary, examined externally). Treitschke (1827) reports that he has received this species from Dalmatia and probably from southern France. The latter location is doubtful, therefore any material from this locality should be excluded from the type series (ICZN 1999, Article 72.4.1). Ennomos daubearia Boisduval, 1840: Genera Index meth. eur. Lepid: 183 ([France: perhaps Montpellier]). Syntypes. Scoble (1999) gives Corsica as type locality, but according to current

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