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DOES SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE “FACEBOOK” LEGALLY COLLECT, USE and DISCLOSE USERS PERSONAL INFORMATION UNDER USA, EU and LITHUANIAN LAW?

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DOES SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE “FACEBOOK” LEGALLY COLLECT, USE and DISCLOSE USERS PERSONAL INFORMATION UNDER USA, EU and LITHUANIAN LAW? VYTAUTAS MAGNUS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF LAW Agnė Jarušauskaitė DOES SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE “FACEBOOK” LEGALLY COLLECT, USE and DISCLOSE USERS PERSONAL INFORMATION UNDER USA, EU and LITHUANIAN LAW? The Law Master Thesis Integrated Law Studies Program, State Code 60101S103 Research Advisor: Professor Charles F. Szymanski Defended: Dean Assoc. Prof. Julija Kiršienė 2011 06 __ . Kaunas, 2011 0 TABLE of CONTENT SANTRAUKA ......................................................................................................................................................2 SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................4 1. SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES (SNSs) and ―FACEBOOK‖ ........................................................................6 1.1. Social Networking Sites (SNSs) ................................................................................................................6 1.2. SNS ―Facebook‖ ........................................................................................................................................7 2. SNS ―FACEBOOK‖ COLLECTS, USES and DISCLOSES USERS PERSONAL INFORMATION ............9 2.1. The Main Business Model of SNS ―Facebook‖ .........................................................................................9 2.2. Registration Process and Agreements ......................................................................................................10 2.2.1. ―Statement of Rights and Responsibilities‖ ......................................................................................11 2.2.2. ―Privacy Policy‖ ...............................................................................................................................11 2.3. Risky Actions ...........................................................................................................................................12 3. DOES SNS „FACEBOOK― LEGALLY COLLECT, USE and DISCLOSE USERS' PERSONAL INFORMATION? ...............................................................................................................................................15 3.1. Under USA Law.......................................................................................................................................16 3.1.1. The First and Fourth Amendments of the U.S. Constitution ............................................................16 3.1.2. Tort Law of Privacy ..........................................................................................................................17 3.1.3. Federal and State Privacy Legislation ...............................................................................................18 3.2. Under EU Law .........................................................................................................................................24 3.3.1. The Directive 95/46/EC ....................................................................................................................25 3.3.2. The Directive 2002/58/EC ................................................................................................................29 3.3.3. Guidelines for Social Networks ........................................................................................................30 3.3. Under Lithuanian Law .............................................................................................................................33 3.3.1. The Republic of Lithuania Law on Legal Protection of Personal Data ............................................36 3.3.2. The Lithuanian Law on Electronic Communications .......................................................................38 3.3.3. The Lithuanian Law on Advertising .................................................................................................39 3.3.4. The Republic of Lithuania Law on Copyright and Related Rights ...................................................39 3.3.5. The Republic of Lithuania Law on the State Language ....................................................................40 3.3.6. The Republic of Lithuania Law on Consumer Protection ................................................................40 3.3.7. The Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania ....................................................................................40 3.3.8. The Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania .............................................................................42 CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMENDATIONS .................................................................................................43 BIBLIOGRAPHY LIST ......................................................................................................................................45 APPENDICES.....................................................................................................................................................53 1 SANTRAUKA Socialinių tinklalapių naudojimas yra labai paplitęs pastaruoju metu, tačiau jų populiarumas kelia vis daugiau teisinių problemų, ypač privatumo apsaugos aspektu. Šiuo metu populiariausias socialinis tinklalapis yra „Facebook― (sukurtas ir įregistruotas JAV). Remiantis „Facebook― pateikiamais duomenimis, tinklalapis jau turi daugiau nei 500 milijonų aktyvių vartotojų ir apie 70 proc. jų yra ne iš JAV. Be to, teigiama, kad jau beveik milijonas Lietuvos vartotojų yra susikūrę profilius tinklalapyje „Facebook―. Registracijos procesas tinklalapyje nėra apmokestintas, tačiau SNS „Facebook― renka, naudoja ir atskleidţia paslaugų gavėjų asmeninę informaciją tiesioginio marketingo tikslais, o tai kelia vis didesnį susirūpinimą asmenų privatumo apsauga įvairiose šalyse. Šio darbo tikslas buvo atsakyti į klausimą: ar socialinis tinklalapis „Facebook― teisėtai renka, naudoja ir atskleidţia vartotojų asmeninę informaciją pagal JAV, ES ir Lietuvos teisę? Po išsamios analizės atsakymas į šį klausimą yra: 1) taip, ―Facebook‖ tai daro teisėtai remiantis JAV teise; 2) ne, ―Facebook‖ tai daro neteisėtai remiantis ES ir Lietuvos teisės aktais. Nors JAV teisė į privatumą nuolat varţosi su spaudos laisve ir vis dar nėra aišku ar SNS ―Facebook‖ yra vieša, ar privati erdvė (skirtingose valstijose – skirtingas poţiūris), ―Facebook‖ veikla laikoma teisėta, kadangi jau net kelių valstijų teismai savo sprendimais yra leidę tinklalapyje esančią informaciją naudoti kaip įrodymą byloje. Pagal ES ir Lietuvos teisės aktus asmens privatumas yra pagrindinė ţmogaus teisė ir ji turi būti apsaugota, tad tinklalapis turi atitikti tam tikrus reikalavimus, ypač atkreipiant dėmesį į tai, kad asmeninė informacija ―išeina‖ uţ ES ribų. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad tokie ―Facebook‖ veiksmai kaip neuţtikrintas duomenų saugumas, jų nutekinimas tretiesiems asmenims, aiškiai neišreikštas ir nevienareikšmiškas vartotojų sutikimas, sutarčių su maţamečiais sudarymas ir t.t., neatitinka ES ir LR teisės aktų reikalavimų. Taip pat paaiškėjo, kad socialiniam tinklalapiui ―Facebook‖, kaip asmens duomenų valdytojui, būtina registracija Lietuvoje, tačiau LR Asmens duomenų valdytojų registro duomenų bazėje duomenų apie ―Facebook‖ įregistravimo faktą nėra. Remiantis LR Konstitucijos 22 str. ―[i]nformacija apie privatų asmens gyvenimą gali būti renkama tik motyvuotu teismo sprendimu ir tik pagal įstatymą‖, ―[į]statymas ir teismas saugo, kad niekas nepatirtų savavališko ar neteisėto kišimosi į jo asmeninį ir šeimyninį gyvenimą, kėsinimosi į jo garbę ir orumą‖. 2 SUMMARY Social networking sites (SNSs) are very popular nowadays. However, it rises various legally issues too, especially on privacy law. The most popular SNS is called ―Facebook‖ (based in the U.S.). ―Facebook‖ states that it has more than 500 million active users, about 70 percent outside the U.S., and almost 1 million their users are in Lithuania already. ―Facebook‖ is a free website and depends on online advertisements for revenue, so the main business model of SNS ―Facebook‖ is the collection, use and disclosure of users‘ personal information, but its practice have encouraged the importance of privacy as a the main fundamental human right protection and raised various discussions in the whole world, because there is no universally accepted privacy law among all countries till now. The aim of this paper was to answer to the issue: does social networking site ―Facebook‖ legally collect, use and disclose users‘ personal information under USA, EU and Lithuanian law? After the comprehensive analyses the answer is: 1) yes, it does under the USA law; but 2) no, it does not under the EU and Lithuanian law. In the USA person's privacy right is competing with a freedom of the press and there is still not clear is SNS ―Facebook‖ public place or private. However, in some states the courts have already ruled, that it is possible to use the information from ―Facebook‖ as evidence, and in New York it is possible to use it even if a person‘s information is on the strictest private control. It is quite differently under the EU and Lithuanian law. Such ―Facebook‖ activities as not safe platform, data leaking to third parties, not clear and not unambiguous user‘s consent, unprotected minors, the collection, use and disclosure of non-users, fake profiles information, opt-out by default, archives of deleted information, unsuccessful
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