Facebook 1 Facebook Facebook Inc. Type Public [1] Founded Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (2004) Founder(s) • Mark Zuckerberg • Eduardo Saverin • Dustin Moskovitz • Chris Hughes Headquarters Menlo Park, California, U.S. Area served Worldwide Key people • Mark Zuckerberg (CEO) • Sheryl Sandberg (COO) • David Ebersman (CFO) • Donald Graham (Chairman) Industry Internet [2] Revenue US$ 3.71 billion (2011), up from $1.97b (2010) [3] Employees 3000+ (2011) [4] Website Facebook.com [5] IPv6 support www.v6.facebook.com [6] Alexa rank 2 (March 2012) Type of site Social networking service Advertising Banner ads, referral marketing, casual games Registration Required [2] Users 845 million (active December 31, 2011) Available in Multilingual Launched February 4, 2004 Current status Active Screenshot Screenshot of Facebook's "Timeline" Facebook is a social networking service and website launched in February 2004, operated and privately owned by Facebook Inc.[1] As of February 2012, Facebook has more than 845 million active users.[7] Users must register before using the site, after which they may create a personal profile, add other users as friends, and exchange messages, including automatic notifications when they update their profile. Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups, organized by workplace, school or college, or other characteristics, and categorize Facebook 2 their friends into lists such as "People From Work" or "Close Friends". The name of the service stems from the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start of the academic year by some university administrations in the United States to help students get to know each other. Facebook allows any users who declare themselves to be at least 13 years old to become registered users of the site.[8] Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and fellow students Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes.[9] The Web site's membership was initially limited by the founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area, the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support for students at various other universities before opening to high school students, and eventually to anyone aged 13 and over. However, based on ConsumersReports.org in May 2011, there are 7.5 million children under 13 with accounts, violating the site's terms of service.[10] A January 2009 Compete.com study ranked Facebook as the most used social networking service by worldwide monthly active users.[11] Entertainment Weekly included the site on its end-of-the-decade "best-of" list, saying, "How on earth did we stalk our exes, remember our co-workers' birthdays, bug our friends, and play a rousing game of Scrabulous before Facebook?"[12] Quantcast estimates Facebook has 138.9 million monthly unique U.S. visitors in May 2011.[13] According to Social Media Today, in April 2010 an estimated 41.6% of the U.S. population had a Facebook account.[14] Nevertheless, Facebook's market growth started to stall in some regions, with the site losing 7 million active users in the United States and Canada in May 2011.[15] Facebook filed for an initial public offering on February 1, 2012.[16] History Mark Zuckerberg wrote Facemash, the predecessor to Facebook, on October 28, 2003, while attending Harvard as a sophomore. According to The Harvard Crimson, the site was comparable to Hot or Not, and "used photos compiled from the online facebooks of nine houses, placing two next to each other at a time and asking users to choose the 'hotter' person".[17][18] To accomplish this, Zuckerberg hacked into the protected areas of Harvard's computer network and copied the houses' private dormitory ID images. Harvard at that time did not have a student "facebook" (a directory with photos and basic information), though individual houses had been issuing their own paper facebooks since the mid-1980s. Facemash attracted 450 visitors and 22,000 photo-views in its first four hours online.[17][19] The site was quickly forwarded to several campus group list-servers, but was shut down a few days later by the Harvard administration. Zuckerberg was charged by the administration with breach of security, violating copyrights, and violating individual privacy, and faced expulsion. Ultimately, the charges were Mark Zuckerberg co-created dropped.[20] Zuckerberg expanded on this initial project that semester by creating Facebook in his Harvard dorm room. a social study tool ahead of an art history final, by uploading 500 Augustan images to a Web site, with one image per page along with a comment section.[19] He opened the site up to his classmates, and people started sharing their notes. The following semester, Zuckerberg began writing code for a new Web site in January 2004. He was inspired, he said, by an editorial in The Harvard Crimson about the Facemash incident.[21] On February 4, 2004, Zuckerberg launched "Thefacebook", originally located at thefacebook.com.[22] Six days after the site launched, three Harvard seniors, Cameron Winklevoss, Tyler Winklevoss, and Divya Narendra, accused Zuckerberg of intentionally misleading them into believing he would help them build a social network called HarvardConnection.com, while he was instead using their ideas to build a competing product.[23] The three complained to the Harvard Crimson, and the newspaper began an investigation. The three later filed a lawsuit Facebook 3 against Zuckerberg, subsequently settling.[24] Membership was initially restricted to students of Harvard College, and within the first month, more than half the undergraduate population at Harvard was registered on the service.[25] Eduardo Saverin (business aspects), Dustin Moskovitz (programmer), Andrew McCollum (graphic artist), and Chris Hughes soon joined Zuckerberg to help promote the Web site. In March 2004, Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[26] It soon opened to the other Ivy League schools, Boston University, New York University, MIT, and gradually most universities in Canada and the United States.[27][28] Facebook was incorporated in mid-2004, and the entrepreneur Sean Parker, who had been informally advising Zuckerberg, became the company's president.[29] In June 2004, Facebook moved its base of operations to Palo Alto, California.[26] It received its first investment later that month from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel.[30] The company dropped The from its name after purchasing the domain name facebook.com in 2005 for $200,000.[31] [32] Date Users Days later Monthly growth (in millions) [33] August 26, 2008 100 1665 178.38% [34] April 8, 2009 200 225 13.33% September 15, 2009 [35] 160 9.38% 300 [36] February 5, 2010 400 143 6.99% [37] July 21, 2010 500 166 4.52% [38][39] January 5, 2011 600 168 3.57% [40] May 30, 2011 700 145 3.45% [41] September 22, 2011 800 115 3.73% |+ Total active users[42] Facebook launched a high-school version in September 2005, which Zuckerberg called the next logical step.[43] At that time, high-school networks required an invitation to join.[44] Facebook later expanded membership eligibility to employees of several companies, including Apple Inc. and Microsoft.[45] Facebook was then opened on September 26, 2006, to everyone of age 13 and older with a valid email address.[46][47] On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced that it had purchased a 1.6% share of Facebook for $240 million, giving Facebook a total implied value of around $15 billion.[48] Microsoft's purchase included rights to place international ads on Facebook.[49] In October 2008, Facebook announced that it would set up its international headquarters in Dublin, Ireland.[50] In September 2009, Facebook said that it had turned cash-flow positive for the first time.[51] In November 2010, based on SecondMarket Inc., an exchange for shares of privately held companies, Facebook's value was $41 billion (slightly surpassing eBay's) and it became the third largest U.S. Web company after Google and Amazon.[52] Traffic to Facebook increased steadily after 2009. More people visited Facebook than Google for the week ending March 13, 2010.[53] In March 2011 it was reported that Facebook removes approximately 20,000 profiles from the site every day for various infractions, including spam, inappropriate content and underage use, as part of its efforts to boost cyber security.[54] In early 2011, Facebook announced plans to move to its new headquarters, the former Sun Microsystems campus in Menlo Park, California.[55][56] Release of statistics by DoubleClick showed that Facebook reached one trillion pageviews in the month of June 2011, making it the most visited Web site in the world.[57] It should however be noted that Google and some of its Facebook 4 selected Web sites are not counted in the DoubleClick rankings. According to the Nielsen Media Research study, released in December 2011, Facebook is the second most accessed website in the US.[58] Website Users can create profiles with photos, lists of personal interests, contact information, and other personal information. Users can communicate with friends and other users through private or public messages and a chat feature. They can also create and join interest groups and "like pages" (called "fan pages" until April 19, 2010), some of which are maintained by organizations as a means of advertising.[59] A 2012 Pew Internet and American Life study identified that between 20-30% of Facebook users are "power users" who frequently link, poke, post and tag themselves and others. [60] To allay concerns about privacy, Facebook enables users to choose their own privacy settings and choose who can see specific parts of their profile.[61] The Web site is free to users, and generates revenue from advertising, such as banner ads.[62] Facebook requires a user's name and profile picture (if applicable) to be accessible by everyone.