An Analysis of Chatroulette

CEU eTD Collection

C In partialfulfillmentIn for the degree Master of of Arts Gender in Stud HATROULETTE M ASCULINITIES ASCULINITIES Department Gender of Studies Central European University A S Supervisor: Anna Loutfi Supervisor: A Budapest, Hungary V

Melis Umut Melis H ISUALIZED Submitted to OMOSOCIAL 2010 By

N V A IRTUAL IRTUAL

NALYSIS M O EDIUM F ies.

CEU eTD Collection masculinities medium generated validatingbythe and question. in med homosocial contemporary attemptsium, thesis the theways toreveal of representing masturbation. ontheAccentuating - neo specific the user Chatroulette whosessiona turns the chat into performance of use The conversations. for web- mediumpeople connecting random virtual a Chatroulette, This thesis anis analysis of acertain type of masculinity;masculinity performed on Abstract

rs contribute to the website in various ways. various towebsite in rs the contribute study on This focuses onanist asI coin and it Chatroulette as a i

cam based CEU eTD Collection BIBLOGRAPHY CONCLUSION ...... CHATROULE 3. CHAPTER AAS TTE SOCIO CHATROULE 2. CHAPTER AAS TTE HOMOSOCIAL ONANISTS CHATROULE 1: CHAPTER AAS TTE VIRTUAL FOR NEO IUM THE MED INTRODUCTION TABLECONTENTS OF 3.2 3.1. 2.3. 2.2...... 2.1. 1.2. A

RIEF RIEF T T I C C NTERNET A AS HATROULETTE AS A HE HE HE HATROULETTETHE AS OMMODIFICA H N E

MERGENCEOF THE ISTORY OF ...... EO - O ...... NANIST AS THE THE NANIST AS

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CEU eTD Collection (Moore, 2010). He has created the Chatroulette Map using RJMetrics Dashboard of analysiswillalsoinclude astatistics of Chatroulette conducted by Robert J. Moore what he s/ sees, repetition of thevery will act connect her him / tosomeone new. game theconnected next random visitor a is button, to if/ and s stranger not does he like user friendly interface and theeasine promisesss it tothe visitor. By a mere of click the website, Terthe new visitor dayper and visitors30.000.000 unique per month as stated by the creator of next month. the 50.000 visitors The numberof u per day to risen visitors have 500average the and attractionmedia gained ofhas student, Andrey Ternovskiy, November in 2009. launching, periodof it its short After a users for web 2 1 “perverse” which he analyzes Chatroulette user INTRODUCTION

will be explained in the first chapter. in explained the first be will I am using the original term “pervert”, used in Moore’s analysis. What “pervert” means in this analysis generated by Robert J. Moore, the CEO and the co- metrics analyzekey monitorand to website.performance the and of Chatroulette was The Map Busi a is RJMetrics My project My is prompted bymy experiments personal onChatroulette. dataMy Internet's website thatconnects a new phenomenon, Chatroulette, is random 2

behavior.mass in represented been how has consider Chatroulette also I will - cam conversations. school It high Russian old was created by 17years a novskiy (Bilton, 2010). novskiy (Bilton, What most is attractive about the website is its ness Intelligence ness Intelligence for databaseDashboard -

s onthe based of categories gender, age, location, and 1

0). 201 (Moore, RJMetrics of founder sers by February 2010 rose to 1.000.000 1.000.000 to 2010rose byFebruary sers driven websites. It enables the customers

in in CEU eTD Collection masculinity, “Chatroulette masculinity” via the related kinds of representations and Mystudies). attempt isprovide to a reading of certain a contemporary and ty for debates persona (seeConnell, masculinityChatroulette the 2001, for in discussion of analysis the the themto typesadopt and certain masculinity investigate or studies Kimmel,2001; It is 2001). not my aim the enter debates to initiated bymasculi pluralistic understanding the ofuniversal” by introducing masculinities enabledofunderstanding ofhave deconstruction the masculinity “timeless the as and from of starting (Whitehead& 2001, 1990s study Barrett, the p.112). Masculinity dies stu area proliferating a been It has scholarship. feminist men ofin toneglect due the theory website. on this will focus onthe purportedly “Western”thesis generated represented masculinities by and users areChatroulette frommostly Western countries 2010).(Moore, Therefore, the a male dominated website as89% of theusers are males. Also, according to thestatistics, validate their mascuilinities. As the statistics conducted by Moore reveal, Chatroulette is mediator to a virtual medium as menthis why and use legitimized onChatroulette to subject. devote and thisthesis onanthe Chatroulette about academic level, withmemedia incitedthe fascination has investigate Chatroulette to debates ongoing launched are that to represent the most shocking activities onChatroulette. The recent Chatroulette. Iwill also investigate Chatroulette related videos on Youtube broadcasted on04.07.2010, which virtual satirized mediums Facebook including and Guardian articles and the T NY such the as magazines, newspapersand prestigious media, including Timesthe and Masculinity studies emerged Masculinity have to productof a feminist reaction as and This seeks thesis to fi

V shows like the South Park nd out how masculinities are expressed, performed, and performed, are expressed, masculinities hownd out and 2

episode You Have 0Friends,

and websitesand (see Brittan,

pe ofpe nity nity CEU eTD Collection Chapter 3 will start with how the Internet generates a multitude of identities onanists will be thescope of chapter. this ena the and behavior.and of(male)body, alienation and the The link the commodification between exchange of women’s representations (see Irigaray, 1985), male- penc this homosocialnecessitates the enactment(Kimmel, 2001, p. serves Chatroulette 275). for understanding ofmasculinity” relationshipconstructed to claim “hegemonic its ma a and linked to“hegemonicmasculinity” which represents “aman in strongly homosocial ofa space.is Homosociality as discussion Chatroulette a on to Lacanian pleasures are generated by Chatroulette. willgive I an account of theFreudian and of(male)body, the alienation exhibitionistnarcissistic and byhow (masculine) followed Chapter 2will engage the Marxian understanding of commodification and Chatroulette. on from exhibitionism pleasure his his itself, derives onania but aim the sole is of which 18 conceptthe of neo the A investigation offollowed historical be brief masturbation, will bythe of introduction Chatroulette offers its users. masculinities validated are and demonstrated through themechanisms ofntation represe patterns acted behavior on Chatroulette. how isexplore thesis to The mainaim this of th

Century (Foucault, 1997). - The neo Chapter 1looks at the representations of masturbation male onChatroulette. hant via severalhant mechanisms; via of commodification women’s the bodies and an n understandings of ego formation (Freud, 1977). understandings Lacan, formation 2000; ofmove ego will Then I of of ctment of homosociality to understand why some men become the neo men whyctment understand some ofto becomethe homosociality power” (Kimmel, p.272; italics 2001, original). in Masculinity, orderin to - onanist, derived from the Foucaldian a onanist, product of the late

onanist plainlyonanist seeks no longer orgasm,to reach

power,man a with to - male conversationsmale power, - CEU eTD Collection mediumsIRC including and virtual onsimilar focusing Chatroulette. guidedistinction will theymereading as for possible a ofmen doon how behave can modernity (Haraway, Latour,1991; 1993). The suggested reconstruction of this privatepublic / distinctions which, to- non according them, the are Bruno Donnaand following Haraway Latour’s radical stance nature against culture / and more aunderstanding- ofneo introduce radical the

onanist as a fractured identity, CU - SeeMe. The part last will innocent products of CEU eTD Collection 4 3 asserted by Marx (1844), carried is alienation and commodification, two of the most significant aspects of capitalism as capitalist countries. developed are which mostly is popul Chatroulette 30s. and 20s their of significant as users is ofChatroulette location the The diversity consisted offemales. solo ofusers 9% the only while in were ofusers %70 the About RJMetrics (2010) using Moore masturbator in one three pairings. experiment underestimation, if with not the presented as Chatroulette me conducted a I in ten random partners were masturba frontting in of the cam. not is overestimation,This one tenis online” in on because,during Chatroulette her experience on website,the one Zoe reporter TheGuardian Williams theof “odds onanism that out found (2010) THEFOR NEO CHATROULETTE1: CHAPTER A AS

Germany, UK, and Turkey, all of which shelters approximately the 5% of overall users. from the US. France follows US with a sharing of 15%. The other countri the to statisticsAccording Moore conductedby the (2010), 47% Chatrouletteof users were measured you can wade through all the dicks first.” and comes to conclude that “That's the way the world works. I Chatroulette on a for Kyle find friend theCartman to attempts In episode, fact. lampoons this very 2010 genitalia I have conducted approximately 1000 experiments and the users who masturbated or revealed his

According According to the Chatroulette Map (2010), the overall “pervert” israte 13%. The I have encountered is approximately 300. The episode of Park South - ONANISTS ar amongar Canada, USA,Germany, France, UK and allof

Dashboard, 72% of Chatroulette users were solo males solo userswere Dashboard, of 72% Chatroulette out onChatro 3

According According to the statistics conducted byRobert J.

4 5

This fact has incited me to look at how how at melook to incited has fact This ulette which Iwill analyze in Chapter 2. f you want to find somequality friends,

VIRTUAL MEDIUM es enlisted include Canada, enlisted include es broadcasted on 7 April

CEU eTD Collection 1.1. pleasure. orgasm, theneo for attached to masturbation what as the onanist, hisin solitary theorize theneo under Foucaldian onto masturbation. First, Iwill present a brief historical look intomasturbation and will move 21 faces.reluctant toshowtheir only one case inwhich themasturbating user revealed his face tome. The others were cam,whil towards the penis ofbody, parts the genital onthe camwas fixed pointed user his them,the some of in than likely encounter the female as nudity. to actual twice the encounters, In mymost of which tendencies of themale Chatroulette users is to show asign torequest for female nudity Only 8%of those who labeledare as “perverts” females. are Also, one of thegeneral criteria to be labeled as“pervert st

Century regarding how Chatroulette reconstructs a virtual medium for the act of

A Brief History ofMasturbation

is alsois categorized under the“pervert” label. This act, asthestatistics tell us, as is - - - This chapter will look at will look chapter This

Appear to not to wearing be Appear clothes any w Appear tobe committing alewd act. Are displaying explicit nudity - onanist onanist different is which than the Foucaldian in onanist terms of value - onanist, the longed- standing of the masturbation and the onanist. I will attempt to attempt will to I masturbation the and onanist. ofstanding the e in others, the user the others, in e represented from it view. side There was

” on Chatroulette asfollows: is the perception and representation of masturbation in the in masturbation of and perception representation the

for desire shifts from orgasm exhibitionist to 6

hatsoever

activity, seeksto reach is

CEU eTD Collection “spilling of seed”an is account ofmale sexuality. (p. 2). One of thedebatable issues arises how femalemasturbation considered is as thataims sexualintercourse a actfo of onthe without rprocreation “spillingof seed” guilt a self (1995). Laqueur, 2004). isThis challengedBennett in Rosario’s and bookSolitary Pleasures for perceivedthebeen as initiator medicalizingproblematizing and masturbation (see a The 5 on“perverts” website. the Nevertheless,I should that, add in my experience, I personal of 8% the the embraces only 2010), Map (Moore, toChatroulette according the do asI thesis not attempt toanalyze female “perverse” behavior which, onChatroulette

masturbators. gender. However, despitethe, is common ued to onanist to refer male word the wrong usage, andthe new sin,onanism, was born (Laqueur, 2004,p. 15). The new sinaffected peopleregardless of spilled his seed upon the ground after the intercourse. After his disobedience, he was killed by the God sexual intercourse with his dead brother’s wife, has rejected the order by the God to impregna roots of the term come from the Biblical Book of Genesis in which Onan, who is enforced to have actofmen’s taking out his penis of The word “onanism” refers to “coitus interreptus”, in other words “pull - bove quotation belongs to the anonymous book first published in has 1710which published the to anonymous bookfirst belongs quotation bove which may,which upon (“Onania”, oftendoensue and it 1986). heinousness of thecrime, and thesad consequences tothebody aswell as thesoul, have never guiltybeen of it, if they been had thoroughly acquaintedthe with of have youth imagi thisnation, thatI reason to This practice so is frequent, and so crying an offence, especially among themale polluting act and sina against It nature. Biblicalis the understanding thatbestows According them,to wasthe Middle it Ages thatmasturbation started beto seen as

the woman’s vagina prior to ejaculation to prevent pregnancy. The 7

5 However, of beyond scope this is the it ne, a great great a ne, many offenders would - out method”, which is the very te her and and her te CEU eTD Collection 6 20 the bythe re wasfollowed which masturbation constituted the essential aspect of sublimation and civilization (p. 396) masturbation came from successors his and Freud who pointedto fact the that 185- toimpossible moderate sate or the urge ofunlike masturbation otherappetites (see pp. flesh was andasreal person, phantasm.perceived a blood Lastly, it wasregarded asand withoutsocial any was seen private secret, value. Secondly, a it, unlikesex with emerged. ofhad masturbationunnatural as perception masturbationhow of the all, First 1712 Pollution Heinous of in the Sin or Self work Onania; of aforementioned anonymous the masturbation in 18 the which will ofHe, modernmasturbation. Foucauldian birth following understanding ofonanist the However, point Enlightment of his onthe view, focuses in he which, stamped has the profound masturbation in Solitary Sex: A History Masturbation Cultural of masturbation further sexual activityon ofor sign Chatroulette. encountered only have nude thefemales whoin act of are or getting

Western a publications, of culmination a discourses, feminist thought. The time witnessed The Sexual Revolution is considered to be a socio 245). which constructed new constructed a pathology,which explain several to reasons onania. He posits the According to Laqueur, to According the first intervention thispathol to th

Thomas W. Laqueur, in comprehensive his analysis ofhistory the of

century. Especially, The Revolution Sexual historical analysis ofmasturbation starting from the Classical Antiquity. be discussed later in this chapter, also focuses on the problematization of th

Century. For him, the first rupture occurred with the publication

- structuring and re 8

- politicalmovement in the 1960s, affected by the - theorization of mast oftheorization 6

has played has played a significant role ogical understanding of ogicalof understanding urbation throughout throughout urbation (2004), presents a a (2004), presents nude withoutnude any nd speeches CEU eTD Collection rampthe 397- (pp. vocalizing into a while fantasiesloudspeaker thehis visitorswalkinghim about above on gallery a - underneath hidden avant masturbation. andsexuality Masturbation Liberating including wasthe publicationdecade thatsoughtliberation of articles for and the of books sexuality bythemovementfueled feminist movement. gay the and ofbrea the One masturbation.understanding of has aThe “universal secret” radically newgained use wasIt the post his In own themasturbation. perceptionregarding of words: pleasure and procreation (see (see & procreation Es and 2000 Allyn, pleasure was the development of contraception pills which which widened the gap between sexuality for seeking for sexual liberation, especially for women. One of the perceived triggers for this “revolution” - (p. 277; italics 277; (p. in original). ethics it could once nolongersexual or foundan be religion in organic order. social excess, addiction, controland different in stages of developing our an individual of thesolitude secrecy, imagination, and history the thus is private public,and governance and and governance It it. put becameof had sign self a thesuccessors which Enlightenmentinto its and from the regulatory mechanisms ofcivil society and of thepatriarchal sexual order Beginning in the 1970s, solitarysex wasregarded as way a of reclaiming the self garde artists including Vito Acconci's 1972performance Seedbed Inthe same period, masturbation also became an artistic expression as numerous The Sensuous WomanSensuous The - 1960s, 1960s, in point his of view, witnessed thathas for a point turning the 404). The emergence ofwasno themasturbation representationof self

(1974), allof which accentuated onthe libera - control instead of their collapse. The history of masturbation wide rampinstalled

(1969), coffier, discussion). further for 2003, 9 Myth of the the Myth of Vaginal Orgasm and (1970),

at the Sonnabend the Gallery,at masturbating

kthroughs of the the of kthroughs tion of female female of tion where he lay lay he where -

CEU eTD Collection is “confession sexuality because it the about confess in that joined”d sexan truth are (p. He states that the science of sexuality orsexuality as discourse has created the urge to theorizesas: 1978, Foucault this positedtruth byMichel Foucault. Inof History Sexuality (1990), originally published in discourse; masturbation, orsex in general, as a scientific discourse claiming itself as the and otherliberating the destructive as harmful,and ri wasfollowedbyanother byLaqueur, viewsmasturbationThe twocontradictory ofasserted thatregarded one it as masturbation. Laqueur defines hisstatement inthis way: mentioned, decade,coincidence as for the s of a discourse that must produce its truth (p. 68). must (p. itstruth that produce of discourse a misunderstanding causedthe bytaboos; expression of representationthat a moreis or less distorted byideology, of or a theconstitutes scientia sexualis. The essential features of this sexuality are not the “Sexuality”: the correlative practicewhich of discursive developed that slowly and much more (p. 397). (p. muchand more meaningless, destructive of human relations, a representation of commercial excess, course, such views elicited their opposite: masturbation as selfish, purposeless, constellations“of pleasures.” forand new alternative aspirations bodies And of between – of new a covenant basis ofcommunities, the imagined new sorts foundationalsexuality of to the being order ofkind social ofwrong the sexuality prescribed wentsocially normal path toward It deviant adulthood. from the being aliberation, claimautonomy, to own sake, escapefrom foran its pleasure the to first time human the For in history, as masturbationmode wasembraced a of self and other. Far more than free love, free masturbation came tocarry

10 y correspond to the y correspond the to functional requirements

tarted to see the proliferating values of

or lack thereof – lack thereof or sing sing

CEU eTD Collection emergence of three types of “abnormals”: the “humanmonster”, the “individual to be that is controlled bythe “normal”. shiftThis has occurred asgradually it paved to the has shifted the perception of “ab as but periodformed a random accordance phase in with whichthe institutions of control Foucault Michel (1997) sees the ofrise “abnormality” not anas unfortunate and 1.2. The Emergence of the Neo enables me tointroduce the concept of the“neo masturbation. communal a act, as onChatroulette masturbation theofThis, new type throughout this chapter, challenges the traditional perception and understanding of masturbation Chatroulette and masturbator / onanist I participants mostother of whom,however, areto unwilling doso. of online act The masturbation onChatroulett ofthe act masturbation and derived desire from as“solitary”.it H Foucaldian understanding of onaniawill which analyzed be thein subsequent part, regard books; masturbation startingfrom prominentregarding debates the 1970s. the differentthree discourses; sexualit ofindivi the confession thatstems the from modern construction and judicialsystem,Church, relationships,psychoanalysis familial amorous and a as 61). This confession mechanism is realized via myriad mechanism such as the Catholic

Iwant to accentuate on a significant similarity regarding the two a Solitary Pleasures (2004). also andBothofbooks, the Sex the (1995) Solitary e

I argue on this thesis is not solitary but rather it necessitates normality” as disruptiveof as categorynormality” a “normal” to the y as liberation, and destruction, as as - Onanist 11

- onanist”

am analyzing, as willbe argued .

dual (pp. 58- owever, conceptof the

truth have been have truth forementioned 62). These These 62). CEU eTD Collection 7 55). church or juridical mechanisms but family beca scrutiny. Power wasno longersolely deployed bythe institutions, macro as such the under the families brought also thewhich to society threat as potential presented a chi innocent the incorrigiblerebellious but scapegoat for thelittle everyday anomalies was no longer the constructedmonster or the - bio ofbody, importance and health the onthe emphasis put websof constructed newly the prehistory, coincided with the new familiar relationships with the child and the new “degeneration”” inthe 18 late offamilies the incorrigible51- individual (pp. disciplinary army, techniques the imposed by schools, workshops, the the and the perceived as asole thre at to the law, new this figure was seen as a threat to the new No longer it. put “incorrigible” also he the as or “individualto corrected” the be figure, animal hermaphrodite. being,a or abnormalThe next emerged figure more wasa tame regularitiesmakes that amonster a monster which comes asahalf frame of reference is law. Itis the perceived potential threat to perturb the juridical among the combination is “abnormals”, the of the and impossible forbiddenthe whose corrected”,the “onanist and

the pa Laqueur criticises Foucault’s criticises Laqueur state Both Foucault (1997) and Laqueur (2004) provide a historical analysis of the act of onania. However, power. developments these to All ofchild's led the have sexualization the body. The Masturbation on Masturbation Chatroulette, in the 21 thologization of masturbation in the 18 The latestThe figure toemerge, of aspart the ”

7 , respectively. The “human monster”, the first to appear - centric explanation which disregards the role of the civil society for for the civil of society the role disregards which explanation centric th

Century was the “onanist”, though having a long Century long thougha was “onanist”, having the th

Century (Laqueur, 277). p. Century 2004, 12 53).

ld, himself, as every child began to childbegan beld, every himself, as me the new disciplinary status (pp. 53

st “construction oftheory general a “construction

century, is no longera universal

- human half and - - CEU eTD Collection 3). coherent and a universal identity but a “fractured identity” in Donna Haraway's understanding (see Chapter 8 one button reporter Sam Anderson (2010), it is very likely that the masturbator will click the “next” society which serves for his onanist pleasure. Also, as stated by New YorkMagazine “nexted” is hisachievement becausesignif it lifeprivate topublic. the not does The onanist to ratings boosttry being his rather but of his normally what constitutes disclosure comes exhibitionism, his pleasure his from solitary aim. No longer is the self Chatroulette reconstructs ofmasturbation theact asthevery act loses its level. who dirty has little secrets webcam. your might boss, teacher, your It be your friend, lover,your husban your d or from be can onanist, century anyone with Foucaldian Internet an the connection aand man closet closet an the the but livein oxymoronicthis is whoto as every one has pleasure, globallevel.a The onanist nois longerthe little child, guilty of his solitarysexual thatenablknowledge secret, the stigma attributed to the infantile sexuality but has become the worldwide solely on Chatroulette, on solely degeneration.neo- The sexuality of children which he suggests has been one of the building stones of the theorization of the onanist. He suggests that the onanist is a universal figure on the basis universal the attributed of

is blamed to belong to to. blamed is - The neo

I do not suggest a separate category of the neo of the category separate a suggest I do not - handedly before pairinghandedly his w

between the two “next” clicks. Therefore, unlike the onanist, he does not possess onanist, as I coin it, is the masturbating Chatrouletteuser. masturbating it, coin the as is I onanist, identity He his adopts es the masturbators to represent and share their dirty little secrets on which he tolikes hide from wants you but to shareon global a

- satisfaction, orgasm, but his aimonanist, the thesole of onanist ill do ill In so. this contest of who will “next”the 13 8

, the term Iadopted to differentiate the 21 - onanist similar to the Foucaldian categorization of of categorization similar the to Foucaldian onanist ies his perturbative contribution to the

st a

CEU eTD Collection 9 chapter. However, overly as narcissism, indicatesimp that should very defined I ly 2005, p.253). I will elaborate onChatroulette as generator a of narcissism second the in for nolongercares youth, 1978, reproducing (Lasch, in themselves cited Muchembled, having ofmidlife who, people whil crisis qualities showsthe Lasch, characteristic of asociety which hasits lost interest inthefuture. This kind of society, for Expectations Diminishing Age of Referring to Christopher Lasch's book The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an chapter, conclusion book for this thesishis his significant in is The Narcissistic Society. Revolut of sexuality. also Nevertheless,he claims that it wasthe 1960s, initiatedSexual bythe thatpositing it wasmuch earlier, the 16 masturbation (se changed in different time phrases which shows a similarity with the history of Sixteenth Century tothe Present Robert Muchembled’s Orgasm andthe West: A of Pleasure History from the erection is achieved. interrupt this performance of cyber masturbation for a certain period of time until the next byexhibitionism, it pleasure, gained the because the pleasure will achieve intended carnival on Chatroulette. orgasm during ongoing separated masturbationfrom voyeuristic other this are each other, orgasm purpose, secondary or more a to it gains radically, put masturbation and

ejaculation on Chatroulette. What I have generallyencountered isan ongoingmasturbatory act.

I should indicate that I have not witnessed or encountere ion that this startedlimited a in fade,way. thatthis repression though to ion most findWhat I e Laqueur,e 2003). However, by Muchembled Foucault contrasts with

It might b

(2008) looks at how the understanding of orgasm understanding howof the at (2008) looks has

(1978), e suggested orgasm that becomes an obstacle to th

century that saw the initiation of the repression 14 he positsthat the narcissistic society ais

d anyone claiming thatd s anyone / an he has witnessed e seeking eternal

CEU eTD Collection affectivepowerful and people’sfor medium Presumablywith lives. overexhausted sexual sexuality which accentuates on sexuality as a personal achievement, has become a g a “truth of as knowingthe ofgeneratin new discourse claimingitselfas sex”, Internet, sexuality, enhancement of for the penis enlargement, orgasms longlasting and everyday. Internet user, most is likely to encounter with the myriad spammails and ads suggesting Internet has become a guidepersonal for people’s sexual lives. The neo- discussion pornography(see on 2for alsoonly further but Chapter pornography), the “The pleasure we call carnal” is witnessing its most visible period due the Internet. Not book following his bythe sentences: Muchembled concludes global ona penis medium. onanist wants to validate his masculinity in a simil exaggerated way,arly by his disclosing midlife crisis who claiming are their masculinities via exaggerated behavior. The neo - neo for orgasm reasons mightthe of one be by Chatroulette l to individual feels towards himself her/ Chapter (see 2). These opposite feelings generated lovethe hatred self,and between the oscillates with preoccupation ofindividual the onanists are similar to the people, Iintentionally widen itto men only, facing the civilization: the pleasure we call carnal (pp. 257 we allhave to take account of the best communal bond,stratagemculture,the nowinventive means dynamic a of and that can be thatthey doeven demonstrate others to oforgasmto the tyranny constantly success, required personal in becomeathletes to and laws doomedmarket the bythe ofeconomictriumph, individualsare the but group beginning attheir as the of the t have people ofNever the the West powerfully so been oriented determined and by

15 wenty

- kept secret since the origins of Christian - first century. Individualism appears to tter...... The of perpetual renegotiation - 258). ose significance because the

ist, as an an as ist, onan - CEU eTD Collection 1 2. analyzed be Chapter in reactionary againstbehavior (cyber) pornographyadopted by neo the - that announcement the neo- his Disclosing advices. on the obey penis Chatroulette also becomes aglobal buythe faceofand ato products crisis, Internet,will threat, ifrefuses a sort he by the the screen. messages, he, asa counter attemptslife penetrateinto his to presumablythat sexual by sending these unwanted masculinity asaneo glutofsexual advices,the theneo personal life. personal the neo- 0

Here, Here, I use the word “Internet” metanomically. refers It to spammail and, senders in the case of onan 10

It mightread be as a reactionary behavior to reclaimmasculinity his which,

ist penetrating, to Internet claiming itself an authoritative power over the individual’s over power authoritative an claiming itself Internet to ist penetrating, - onanist that attains its power via representation. If itis the Internet, - reaction, penetrates into the Inter onanist doesonanist not need “penis a enlargement”. alsoThere is a

- onanist this adopts new type of 16

net bymasturbatingnet towards onanists which will

identity and identity and CEU eTD Collection on practices. changes commoditybodily and includes theory ofbody itself,his labor t focus on not did 1988). (Marx, Marx mode Eventhough capitalist production the of Commodification ofbody, the of part significant a is understanding, Marxian in Chatroulette . 2. Club. discussion of Chatroulette asahomosocial virtual medium,possible Cyber a Gentlemen’s narcissistadopts a of sex on onanist, Chatroulette. chapterThis will look how at the representation enactment and encounters. haveI already suggested the emergence of new a of type person, the - neo embodied by reveal chapter to how,the is willfully ofbodyis alienation terms, the Marxian the in bodies, masculine desire and sex enters a new phase by Chatroulette. The main target of himself. time, enabling theuser to gazeher at himself / thescreen on as an alienated image / ofher Chatroulette. The reflection of the Chatroulette user travels the globe, while, at the same body, propert longer the no likea screen, appearonthe “human shuffle” that representations 2010). (Anderson, The VIRTUAL MEDIUM CHATROULETTE2. CHAPTER AS AHOMOSOCIAL 1. Commodification and Alienation of the Male Bodies on and Bodies Commodification Male 1. the of Alienation uality has been changed, nourished by emergencethe nourished changed, been has uality - ofneo the Chatroulette the enables usersto glut change ofthe human

This chapt This the Chatroulette users, turning the medium into a facilitator of homosocial er aimshowof theand male commodification alienation scrutinize to and

exhibitionist masculinity. The analysis will move on to the

y of the individual, becomes commodity public a on 17

onanist who he he CEU eTD Collection than therather producer inof the results “loss self”his (p. 74). The result, Marxian in herhimself. to / someoneelse belonging to becomesas alienated The perception of labor asduality feels the worker heras himself/ work outside while and s working, he / to himexternal his / being. notto / essential her does belong her and a creates This product produced becomesby the worker a labor that the is alienation reason of The alienation the results in objectification and of value labor increasing ofproducts the and the of alienation object. increasing the the devaluationThe relationbetween ofworker the by produced her work itself. There is an indirect proportion between the value of the worker and the work outcome to the factory. This results in the commodification of theworker as well as the measured by thefactor meticulously under is capitalist production workload ofworkers the work and the Capitalism owes its existence to the division of labor. It means that the nature of of toneeds according industrial the the production. itself. Inside of the production, bodies physical their and needs had be to organiz According discipliningto of Marx, wasalso laborpower the disciplining ofbody the estrangement, asalienation (p. 71; italics in original). objectification and object appropriatio the to aslossbondage of it; this realization of labor appears as loss of realization for the workers; of labor. Labor's realization is its objectification. these Under economic conditions has been embodied inan object, which has becomematerial: alien laborproduces– which object ... the of worker. the puts it: As Marx , as a , power of independent the producer. The oflaborwhich is product labor / him./ workerAs produces the more, her / value decreases duehis theto y owners so that so possibley owners will maintainthe that the best workers

18 labor’s – product

confronts itas something

it is the objectification n as as n ed ed CEU eTD Collection Marxiancritical distinction of human the th and effacing capitalism commodity work a in be to continues outside aforementioned the femininity,- long “object of salvation” via the mechanisms ofmass media which accentuate onthe virility / body.investment the psychical in and economic an requires an become The bodyhas capital representationofas the individual; body the the sumption con and He argues system dual the production of that results in a dual activity of is theBaudrillard (1998), body. As indicates: he body. mostpreciousobject dazzling the and societies, capitalist In his awayown laborfrom man takes Capitalismtakes the the only also, not but, a total alienation of his species is alienated; Thus, he doubly alienated from from and himself other men;in the resulting relationship other with men produces,labor, he what as become someoneelse’s pleasure. production enforcedThis the separationresults in man’s from turning hi sense, dras is tic: convince bodies themconvince their of never convinced); today, really were they (though effort relentlessa isthere to For centuries, there w human 74). becomes (p. animal hi and- dressing in dwelling but any in – animal functions his As a result, therefore, man worker) (the no longer feels himself tobe freely active mself to be anything but animal. an anything mself be to humanWhat what animalis becomes is and the man comes toclaim himself tobe a species

lasting 129). slimness(p. and youth, Thus, body the ofworker the as a relentless effort to convince people hadthey no bodies - being 78- (pp. up, etc.; and in his human functions he no longer feels nolonger he human and functions his in up, etc.; (p. 129; italics in original).

eating, drinking,eating, athis or mostin procreating, 19 79).

e animal.e The glut of for advices the re

and asfetish s species -

- being. It also affectsalso being. It his , as argued byJean life as it is via the the via is it as life both of which which ofboth - CEU eTD Collection 12 11 most thatanatomicallypartofman’s mostthe points the visible body, the becomes penis, the 2004.Barcan, Nevertheless, p.185). followingRuth Barcan (2004), Edelman’s statement man’s calls a (1996) hisin 1996,cited own” (Edelman, partleast “the ofbody penis his moreThe visible, the masculinemore the Chatroulette man becomes. Lee Edelman question. in Masculinity of becomes valuepenis. is object an the attachedwhich to timemedium menpursuingtheir Chon the foratroulette leisure the supposedly who are not commodity is a penis ofcommodification the body. d 157),strategically (p. productivity is constructedmeet to thecapitalistic demands, object to rational scheduling and does notsense connote to and free unproductive time like as work the time, also is which one’sprobably takeplacein leisure time. The refore, leisure time, which in Baudrillard’s their bodies ascommodities that need constant care and reconstruction which would ofbody, the discovery perceive to massmedia, people enforces promptedmostly bythe

bet.html NO ONE.” http://www.ismashphone.com/2010/02/wheel ONE.” NO dudes: This might surprise you, but your penis is NOT a commodity. Pointing a webcam at it impr “Like most clever online communication ideas, it’s ruined by 1000s desperate horny dudes...Internet In one of the tweets, Rob Sheridan, the c 2006. Tweet is a messageposted on Twitter is which a social and networking service blogging created in scarcely seen part of human anatomy She inpublic. relates this to thefact that no

The frenzyof ongoingelectronic messages or“tweets” 12 , does not refrain themale’s genitalia from commodification

Nine Inch Nails, Inch musicreative the Nine director for band 20

edicated to increase the prevailing - of - misfortune - why - chatroulette 11

indicating that indicating - is - a -

losing states: states: esses - CEU eTD Collection 13 people play enables to Chatroulette mockery a tricks by tricky via ofparts genital the as parts, the well, only genitalia ar not other but ofcommodification the however,bodies, through willful a participation of users. the It is masculinity. only beingonthe as the signifierscreen, masculinity Penis, of body.the I alreadyhave neo mentioned the screen. The focus ofthewebcamthe man’s on torsomakes penis apart the detached from agains commodity value. I partexposed, visible Instead,only mostand challenged the penis, on Chatroulette. as the phallus the (p.185). Themasculinity ofthatdependspenis construction onhiding the is man’s on the pow invisible cannot compete the penis with that fact the to due side threat.actual power createsmomentThe very a than moment of ofvulnerability exposing geni ubiquitous Shepresence. on goes people saying that how flashers, theirwho expose overcome can phallus penis the

Freud, 2000 & Lacan, 1977 ). 1977 Lacan, & 2000 Freud, the phallus. phallus. the Thus, in th sense, Lacanian boy, assuming his father possesses the phallus, develops a castration anxiety that he will never possess connotes to an imaginary phase which effaces the child’s incestous inclination towards his mother. The to the Name to signifier. It is during the Oedipus complex where the boy has to shift his original desire for his mother carrying connotations to the penis, phallus is no longer the male sexual organ but is a privileged In Freudian psychoanalysis, phallus refers to the actual penis. In Lacanian understanding, though talia talia places, in in result creatingdisappointmentpublic a than comedyan and rather The

myriad human bodies onChatr humanmyriad bodies - of - the - Father that phallus appears as a as appears phallus that Father

t is commodified via the reflection ofs the

13 , the symbolic counte e phallus connotes to the penis plus the recognition of lack (see 21 -

lack. onanists’ reluctance to reveal their faces. oulette are Name e affected by this. For instance, - of rpart of the penis, which has a has which rpart ofpenis, the - the

- Father Father is the not actual fat a representation of the of the representation a celebratesits self elf - image onthe her but but her er of

CEU eTD Collection product way. similar a thisin to respond ifmallforexotic They inan as shopping searching a act Chatroulette user. bodily any partcanbut commodifiedexhibitionistbe d servefor an the ofpleasure the words “eyegina”. other mocking people usereyeball deceives vagina, his a in howwith Chatroulette a reveals relatedmost popularChatroulette videos on Yo more with utube than one millionviews, non- user, as if in a zoo, become of asaway commodification of the huma n kind. species. gaze ofpairedThe seekingfor of the the counter human glut representations offers that zoo human a as viewed of be peek can a differentChatroulette of kinds human to say, venture I onboth based Anderson’sulette, onChatro my and encounters that humanki experienced asan “ecstatic surrender tothemiraculous and variety abundance of Sam phrase“human the uses shuffle” he which site (2010) has Anderson the describe to erogeneous ofbody. parts the “Chat Roulette: Eye Vagina” (Leach, 2010), of one the and played spontaneous spontaneous games played transcontinental and of (Anderson, Four 2010). Connect lettuce. Others dressed like ninjas, tried to persuade women toexpose themselves, man uponpeople’sOne popped ofscreens withof the fornhead in act icating a him who’dgive for anyone topic. songs a wasimprovising guitar a Someone with up DOE!?” A guyfrom Sweden wasreportedly - speed There was a man who adeer wore head boththey’dseen. andbywhat survivors, excited out offreaked shipwreck intensity Early ChatRoulette users traded anecdotes on comment boards with theeerie

As Chatroulette users, willfully, commodify their bodies, the paired strangers as they shuffle theimages appear on that thescreen. nd” He describes some ofstrangest the pairings asfollows:

I I encountered fisthave a mocking an Notonlyanus. the genitalia 22

and openedand every conversation “Whatwith New York Magazine drawing strangers’ portraits.

reporter CEU eTD Collection 14 as a further topic of interest. act of the connotations to - neo not onlythat orgasm, also sexualobject of but choiceis sacrificed. The homosexual desire. man the to sexsexual masturbating belong either ungenders the can on Chatroulette. of choice object new sexual theThe of anonymous respondent that fact discussedbe thischapter. further in ofThe randompairing theneo difference between the two is the interactivity Chatroulette provides itself. Chatroulette, in a similar way, serves for this penchant. However, the crucial bodies pornography owesitsexistence to thispromoted for sexdesire itselfbecausethe myriad of other the components of sexuality, such as the sexualobject of choice.For instance, offered hypothesis This by Foucault which the puts emphasisreveals onsex the exclusion In 56). Foucault’sfor”(p. own words: transcending actual its value which, asaresult, has become something “worth dying changed has the sex, perception of ofuality truth sex on the sovereignty and by argues, History in overestimation Sexuality (1990), of the of sexuality, accentuatingvia Foucault is also bodiessex commodified but the onChatroulette. Notonly

I would like to indicate that Chatroulette has been a role model for the website, Pinkroulette, serving as serving beena Pinkroulette, the has role tomodel for website, like that Chatroulette I indicate would desirable (pp.156- desirable it in discourse, to formulate in truth. It constituted “sex” itself as something – established one of most its essential internal operating principles: the desire for sex By creating theimaginary element “sex”, is that the deployment ofsexuality

pornographypresents totheravenous spectator aimsto target desiretheirfor sex the desire to have it, to have access to it, to discover it, to liberate it, to articulate 157). 14

onanism or the encounter of encounter onanism two the or - neo Thecrucial point herethat, is mastur normallybation what

onanists might serve onanists onanist becomesonanist the its users This means which

will will CEU eTD Collection example of“eyegina” his the to partner without her / consent. his Ther with his partner ashe reveals his erotogenous or the newly eroticised zones, as in the 15 “organs without bodies” ofcreatingzones.thismas object newfrom erotogenous In choicewhile its exhibitionist fantasies of people, for sure, but at the samedistinguishes time of theact sex the helps Chatroulette reconstruction of new a type sexuality. Itfor serves the behavior. He states his idea inthis way: the practitioners of sado desexualization of sexual pleasure is inherent insado Foucault(1996), in his of reading sado - of act, aisfromdefinitionconstitutes ripped becomedesexualized. sexual original and its

Consequences. A punning referenceto Slavoj Zizek'sbook (2004). women and more nudity and “pervert” behavior such as two men having sex in front of teh screen. toshelter the malehomosexuals. Inmy experience onPinkroulette, I have witnesseda totalexclusion of a gay cruising medium. The website, advertising it original). in so italics and situations, very on(p.384; in unusual parts of bodies, strange our are practices insisting thatwepleasure can with oddthings,veryproduce very the pleasure. The idea bodilythat pleasure should always comefrom sexual pleasure is enterprise, which has a one of its main features what callI the desexualization of through the eroticization ofbody. the think I kindit's a of creation,creative a of body– strangetheir newwith are parts inventing ...they of possibilities pleasure

root of allroot

New York:Routledge. our possible pleasure. I think that's pleasure.think possible I our - 15 masochism asthereconstructors of newof type sexuality and

the exhibitionist maintains a sado

24 self “where as the comeboys to out play”, is aiming

masochism interview, an in says that - masochistic practices. He perceives Organs WithoutBodies: Deleuze and something quite wrong. something quite These - masochistic relationship efore, maintains he querade of

CEU eTD Collection However, normalregarded extent. some to scopophilia becomes aperversion: According to him, the sexualpleasure schopophilia, derived fromcan be looking, stems theyears,concurrent with in infantile the periodof the development ofego. the scopophiliacfor his tendency. Freud) (1990 perceives scopophilia as an aberration that choice but also by his own appearance on the screen. Therefore, what he does also serves existencethe of the anonymous who pairing gains that status of the sexualobject of 2.2. if random himself, bothand his to partner penis as his same, byhimself.He exposes gazed validated penis.masculinity His is the representationat via which, the ofpenis the his from sexupleasure, orgasm, the al object the and ofreducedto body choice, is one part, attached to his penis, the willfully commodified part by himself. His sexuality, alienated sado this In rejecting his pairing. genita his byexposing empowered; doubly is he then something /to s was he willing not see. to If he one is the “nexting” the otherperson, exposed user the empowerment the to contributes of and life exhibitionist from other's the user orother byhimself, one switchable as the exhibitionist makes hisscene till the next click pressed either by the power a relationship thewith otheruser. This power relation between the two is quality which is the scope which the quality is offollowing the part. toprove both he that is aman.masculinityHis gains aself The Neo The The exhibitionist pleasure The exhibitionist pleasure theneo - Onanist asthe Exhibionist and Narcissist -

masochistic play, themasculinity of theneo - handedly. button mea click next The onanist 25

gains is twofold; he bothis seduced by lia without the other’s without the lia consentand - exhibitionist and narcissistic exhibitionist narcissistic and ns theeffacement ofthe - onanist is solely

CEU eTD Collection Iattempt to read the encounters of the Chatroulette user with her / his own world. outer he recognizes herself / himself assomeone individuated from his her/ mother and the appearance. is It the time theinfantile develops her his / ego because isit the first Mirror Stage is the imaginary stage that an infantile encounters with her /his own occurs via the self formationduring the ofego, the in Lacanian understanding, the very formation ofego the ain indulges role satisfactiononChatroulette gain not allhis scopophiliac presumably does sexual of time,way, a period in actbecausethe Chatroulette the of depervertizes scopophilia betw ofscopophiliacpresumably Chatroulette category this perversion, the adopts Chatroulette the scopophiliac and while a thescopophiliac is formeris one lasting mostl as it, not being preparatory to sexual act, supplants it. He states that this last category is willwhich discussedbe subsequently. also, It is Freudian in understanding, perversion a someone obsessewho is scopophiliac who likes to look at otherpeople or other erotic representation is, is scopophiliac,differentThe Chatroulette common thanof the the understanding

een the two “next” theonChatroulette. een two“next” clicks This forcertain adoptiona of scopophilia y occupied by the y occupiedbythe exhibitionists. The significant difference Freudian between the supplants it (p. 23; italics in original). functions), or ( or functions), of overriding the(as disgust in case of voyeurs ( a) if is restricted exclusively to the genitals, or (b) if it is connected with the While FreudWhile perceives the obsession with voyeurisman as aberration thatoccurs

- play, a performance, of fortime. certain period - voyeurism Mirror Stage individual, the the of (Lacan, 1977). The c ) ) ofif, instead being preparatory d with hisown appearance. Therefore gains anarcissistic quality

or people whoonat look excretory t o the normal sexual aim, it

time s/ but but CEU eTD Collection 15 of disunity one’simage the and body. own form in first the alienation constitutes of This image. aggressive is It because of theconflicting nature between the whole specular erotic and aggressive. Itbecause erotic is theindividual is attracted to hisown her/ phase that gives birth to the formation of the ego in the individual is twofold; it is both Mirror Stage is a further development of Freud’s theories on narcissism. For Lacan, this former stageas, someto normal extent, period healthy and for the individuals. Lacan’s itself while thelatter towardsis outward objects, such asotherpeople. Freud takes the Freud differentiates the ego own his In words: engenders the individual to takeher / himself asasexu correspondent with the formation ofego Lacan accentuate on the formation of theego. For Freud, narcissism is anormal phase Mirror Stage corresponds toFreud’s stage of “primary narcissism”. and the infanterotic Lacan, an alienatedrelationshipitself.For the forms with where onparody onanist a image is Stage Chatroulette during ofthe ofinfant Mirror the the appearance on thescreen asan incessant repetition of th

transferrence of its ego to its body and shifting its sexual instinct to auto to instinct toits sexual its its and ego of shifting body transferrence outside its body, the mother’ itobject sexual sole loses the infantile occurs when “primary narcissism” Freudian understanding, In persists behindpersists them 2000,p.84). (Freud, essentials of in but libido, extrusions later merely bythe and covered is childhood, libidinal cathexis of the ego is the original state of thin cathexes are sent out into which they are withdrawn oncemore; the narcissistic Narcissisticego or

- libido seems tobe thegreat reservoir from object which the - libido andlibido object the s breast. This separation from the mother results in the infantile’s in the results mother s frombreast. the separation This

27 libido; the inward

- libido; the former is oriented towards al objectal choice. e Mirror Stage. The nude self - eroticism (Freud, 2000, p.88). 2000, (Freud, eroticism - gs, realized in earliest directed which libido 15

Both Freud and and Both Freud

- - CEU eTD Collection arises akind o for becomes Chatroulette shelter a the and glut of commodified alienated bodies, there constructedthis self c constant needs capitalist values. Self commodified due to the imposition of the Internet with its excessive promotion of self - neo reinforces the alienation of theself and creating of asort masculinity crisis. The act of howindicated thisvery canbehavior be re himself.I as well otheruser the to it points he screen, towards the his penis pointing metaphorical re the body via gazedis back by the random chatpartners. He also faces the alienation from hisself and own appearance on thescreen as an alienated other. He the is object as his representation other,the the ego, and the object at the very same He is time. the other - .The neo understanding. own mirror his child'sLacanian In the words, image - rape of the individual. onania which enables theindividual togaze himself, alsorepresentsmetaphorical a 1977, p.19; italics in original). in italics 1977, p.19; spanningwhich, the ( comingtogether a ...will crystallize in the subject's internal conflictual tension, which determines the ( concurrence wakening wakening of desire object his for the of the other’s here desire: the primordial The very narcissistic act also can be interpreted as aself onanist is lost in the triad Lacan problematizes as he faces the tension between f interaction between each other which will be the scope of the subsequent ofsubsequent scope the the be will other which each between interaction f are andare reconstruction (eg, penis enlargement ), from), develops the which triad the and ego object,of the others, - hatred is created via ads constantly warning the individual his body his individual warning the constantly ads created via is hatred - hatred byhatred metaphorically rapinghimself screen. onthe As concours

It a is reaction to his self image, alienated from himself, and space ofcommunion, specular is inscribed there... (Lacan, - formation of the ego during t formation during ofego the ) is precipitated into aggressive competitiveness

ad as a metaphorical rape of the Internet which 28

his Mirror Stage ) - neo . The -

rape as the user, the rape as by onanist reacts to

as he gazes his - like phase.

CEU eTD Collection 16 other need theirmen masculinity. demonstrate to Kimmel’s In own w ofmen and construction how is indicator an masculinity” “Hegemonic social a Kimmel, 2004,p.271). Ervin constructiona social of acertain time phase meets which every criteria torepresent, in masculinity”, “hegemonic constructsitself the masculinity around how men. He dissects However, the what static thing about masculinity ongoing is the power between relations historical asmen abletocreate are worlds their and identities, therefore can change. S.Kimmel (2004), masculinity is asocial construction. Itisnot static timeless or but Chatroulette serves a user, it is very likely that they will end up with a male chatter. It might be argued that male. female a mightwishfulwith encounter the it be ofusersto thinking the Though Map Analysis of Robert Moor J. Chatroulette, as the statistics reveal, is a male dominated space. The Chatroulette 2.3. Chatroulette as the Cyber Gentlemen’s Club part.

perspective....Any maleperspective....Any wh height, and a recent record in sports. Every Americanmale tends to look out upon the world from this heterosexual, Protestant father of college education, fully employed, of good complexion, weight and ed. marri Goffman’s young, In “a is male” White, unblushing complete, urban, “one this northernwords, unworthy, incomplete, and inferior” (Goffman, 1963, cited in Kimmel, 2004, p.271).

g Goffman’s unblushing complete, male” “one words, watch us, rank us, grant our acceptance rankinto us, grantour the us, watch realmmanhood. ofManhood is men:Other We men men.Other other of careful scrutiny constant the under are s ofs newa type homosociality. mediuma for MichaelAccording to o to ino any tofails one oflikely waysis qualify these himself...as view

e (2010) indicates that 89% of the Chatroulette users are 29

16 (Goffman, in 1963,cited

ords:

CEU eTD Collection heteronormat ona masculinity understanding their base accounts of Bothof 273). these (p. repudiation of femininity” Kimmel it bluntly, puts been “masculinity has as defined the flight from the women, base of on the symbolic order(pp.170 patriarchal Men who are able to capitalize more women than the others become therulers of the posits that women constitute the exch ofanalysis commodification, Marxian following ofShe, women. exchange upon the “ho(m)mo ofconcept homosocial Sex This Not also Which Is argues, One (1985), howeverfeminist a with view, the Irigaray,masculinity”. Luce “hegemonic to attributed ofsineone quanonqualities the in men how other are to they men. way, a in This, validates ofthe desire heterosexual men, mediated via the treatment of One ofways the men in partake this (imaginary) competition eachwith otheris of acceptance. social representation, in contrast to the self However, via representation. masculinity validationof onthe based self this man is true a be to inmediators order the of one as considered is which Homosociality in front of front in othermen, for t desperate paradeconstantly the markers of manhood – from latest their sexual conquest to ofthe size thefish they caught – of performance… Think demonstrated for other men’s approval. It is othermen who evaluate the - sexuality” to indicate the masculine community of which existence is based

silencing of i and, silencing

ity. She coins the terms “ho(m)mo

women asacurrency among them ive social order.ive social What thesestatements incommon have is how men boast to one another of their accomplishments of another one their to – menhow boast n a way,n a totally effacing thewomenfrom thescene. As - 173). BothKimmel const Irigaray and - representations onChatroul ange valueange in the so heir approval heir approval 275). (p. 30

wealth, power, sexy status, women – - called patriarchal societies.

whowilling are to reveal ette, is different in terms sexual monopoly” and and monopoly” sexual ruct masculinity and how we howand -

CEU eTD Collection 17 with males.It is very paired be veryto males likely users who ofChatroulette are are environment. 89% the encountered on Chatroulette, mightbe regarded asaperfect example ofahomosocial Chatroule user. However, women’s are exchanged without the bodies consentof the women. commodification of the male body is the result of the willful participation of the male Chatroulette. formulating been sinc have solely dedicated to exhibit the glut ofmale genitalia. This is not to contrast with w feature nude female Chatro the aim ofthem tosharetheChatroulette is videos and screenshots of chats private that websitesas theChatrouletteact that paparazzis. goingsaved be screenshot is to her that anactivity, in exhibitionist to indulges and doso consents woman any very likely is it tolikely encounter a sign such as me“Show boobs”, your “Flash and for tits Haiti”. If likely to be man soliciting who.the nudity (2010), theis Map to Chatroulette According each other.between Chatroulettewomen hasnew a this by added to dimension exchange women’s throughwitnessed their sharing photographs pornographic and nude videos the justification of the heterosexual desire for women.

You can check Chatroulettesomeof the websites “paparazzi” via www.chatrouletteexposed.com The sharing ofThe sharing womenusual a behavior is among usersas male can the Internet be encounter thanfemaleencounter actual nudity. This isThis different than the commodification body of female as the tte, based on the statistics and the behavioral attitude the statisticsand tte, behavioral attitude I onthe have based

likely “perverse” that behavior represented on Chatroulette will be e. I have insisted on the commodification of the male bodyon of the onthe have commodification I e. insisted ulette users..However, have I not encounteredthat site a is , and

http://wtfroulette.com/ by the other user and shared on the Internet on Internet onthe and user shared other by the 31

A woman whoenters the website is very 17

These sites serve for this penchant as .

http://www.chatroulettehof.com/

twice as

, hat I hat CEU eTD Collection originally has no connotation to sexuality or pornography, sexuality or hasto noconnotation originally a of culmination enabled has communal mast representbothwhich professional and amateur andnudities sexualacts have initiated a Internet. mostly promotedhas websites bythe been which The pornographic pornography One for ofreasons thistransformation the masturbation is regarding gainscommunal a it homosocial and quality. Laqueur (2003) indicates that: promoted bypornography,firstly neo turnsinto ev that an homosocial act, act thatis deemed a be due to propermale perception behavior the to 18 encountered male bya pairing.

Therefore, the eye vagina image aims to shock men which attributes it a homosocial quality. nude the next button in a second. However, a male user,who is willing to pair with a female user, preferably likely female thatany whois user with eyepaired the mocking Chatroulette eyeginavagina, I argue that even the forementioned the Eye Vagina vi fantasy imaginable,fantasy but what is re ofhundreds thousands of sites pornographic thatcater to every masturbatory rooted in the celebration of the imagination and its infinite possibilities…There are individual self pedagogical or authority… Masturbation of a has only becomesource not and desires free from censorious, disciplining voices of medical, clerical, parental, The Web through the public revelation of the not the of revelation public the through communities of onanists, an alternative universe of sociability that created is ery ery Internet user male potential a is consumer pornography. of virtual As onanism, one, will continuethe game he until realizes that what seeshe the on isscreen a fake vagina.

has made possible it for people to exchange stories about their fantasies urbatory adventure.urbatory However,neutral a Chatroulette, website that - discover y, but also the basis for anew form ofsexual sociability

This, way, a in a ofonanist makes onania the act and the 32 - ally new is the proliferation of virtual so

- - onanism, a visual show,onanism, visual a onChatroulette, private 419). vice (p. deo serves for homosociality because it is very

the popularization of

, will click will , a CEU eTD Collection (Baudrillard, 1989,p.129). body consumption; a and r that is women’sunderstanding, the body inpornography the industryboth is a of site production sense. She also reasserts thedistinction put forward by Baudrillard because, in her woma by ofwomen capitalist entrapment parameters an the Dworkin,pornographyis For as become left of women’s the body. argues she She, where how pornography, contradictorily, has liberate not women’s but, contrarily, sexuality helps the commodification alienation and of onepornography,(1997), ofvehement the antagonists pornography does pointsthat Dworkin,pornography (see 1994,MacKinnon, 1987 Morgan, & 1980). Dworkin Andrea of women’s commodification accentuateonthe which scholars, through bodies sexuality. debated the harmful effects possible indicate to perceptions of pornography for ofmale it background of the debates onpornography to show the various reactions to and - neo bestows passivity it consumers,the topromoted onthe resistance its pornographyand by onanists. Before arguing possible, how wouldlike this is I to provide a brief of meat the whore; profit is not wicked or cruel when the alienated worker is a which serves themale. Capitalism not is wicked other that sensibility any than individualdenied sexual an nature, consumed, denied for Free beingmarketing ofwhore. womansexuality in womenthe is massively as d an The pornographyglut is bread rosesfor the masses. Freedom themass is - n’s different treated not bodyis There are various debates are variousThere on pornography, debates most feminist to of belong which

- wing,states that: 449). (p. epresented as “capital” and “fetish” at the same time ly than the (masculine) worker’s the (masculine) than ly Marxianbody in 33

or cruel cruel or commoditywhen the is

female piece CEU eTD Collection Kauffman, Boys Bad Girls and Sick in spectator himself is ofthe it whothe object occupies position 248). the (p. Linda while the real subjects are the actors on thescene trying toarouse the spectators sexually, pornography In imaginative le. spectatoran denyingro and the knowledge full itself a out topoints pornography’s undermining the byconstituting role ofknowingsubject the art in of and discussion nudity her (1996), in wider pornography, Bennett Jill ofsubstitutes masturbation 218 and (pp. sexuality results inthe weakened sexual interest inwomen and tendency to use thesexual Shesatisfied. posits that the social onimposition men prove to thatthey are “real men” and atmosphere virility theexcessive utopian pornography, forthe men an creates anxiety to asdue drug”, “dangerous a acting lives. Lynne sexual their in behave men should of how how to also points (1997) Segal male sexuality. Pornography, byitsfalse cla pornography onmen. her,According to what pornography represents burdensomeis for Uncelebrated of Beauty Men’s Sexuality only not commodifydoes women’s bodies and Shere Hite Lynne Someincluding scholars, thatpornography believe Segal, a as genre. of pornography the Power, Pleasure, and the “Frenzy oftheInvisible” presented critical has a reading Hard initiator in of the studies, as porn regarded own. onits Linda discourse a it as treat pornography and neutralize Williams, is who Pag whoscholars believe that pornography enables women’s sexual (seeCamilleliberation lia, 1995 Gayle lia, and Rubin, 1984for- radical sex Among the cacophony of discourses on cacophony pornography, ofAmong the discourses also feministare there

(1998)

(2005), discusses the possible harmful affects of 34 im represent to an imposes nature, ideology , states that:

but it does inmen. it Hite, The but for so where women always are available and - 219).

(1989) positive debates). to is trend Another

- in an is which depth analysis depth analysis

Core: Core: CEU eTD Collection was to servewas to polite, for the civilized exclusive and male culture (Maddock Parkin, & upper where private the a club only is Gentlemen’s Cyber a is Club. Gentlemen’s emerged Club, 18 the in It might argued be space that the homosocial virtual constructedon I on the thepossibilitieswith myriad depictions and of pornography represented him to everyday of mostlikely, and who onanist resistance attitude Chatroulette is, reactionary the fed up commodificati Ironically, overcoming passivity,feminized while theneo masculine way, a in pornography onhim. passivity bestows the rejecting feminine hi to subjectivity. doubly Heis is objectified;he the object user for the other and himselfdue However, does he what ends up distinction blurring the between objectivity and is - neo (Kauffman, own pornography. produceshis he as 1998, p.101) of the behavior read the I fanta However, Chatroulette not is theonanist porn consumer, the stuck in porn's utopian

represented to him passive a in way, he actively produces his own pornography. onanist as a reaction towards the feminized passivity as rather than consuming rather as what the passivity onanist feminized reaction a towards as s self sy of “atimeless world where women want always sex and men always virile” are (p. 106). (p. ofpossibility pleasure in his withidentifying 'feminine' a or subordination passivity conf to (....) Contrary to assumption woman'sthe position that the male pornography uses the with offeminized; identifies he pornography is wiever male (....) the passivity T elevision's deepest pleasureelevision's deepest is frequently overlooked: it affords of the pleasure nternet. - voyeurism. alsothe is He subjectbecause he acts and represents hissexuality irm and celebrate hisgender's sexual activity and dominance, the is

on ofown body. his pointcommunal is the crucial the Nevertheless,

- class menclass enter. could The 35

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Century in Britain, Chatroulette

CEU eTD Collection 19 onanist. By offeringhomosocial a space wheremen validate cantheir masculinities, behavior, morenatural to return e th in case of as genitalia suchtheir showing theneo as (constructed) manly virtues lose their significance as stated by Maclnnes (2004), men by the users who are willing to demonstrate their “masculinities” to each other. While the Chatroulette has manturned out to promising a encounters. be this medium fulfill to exists It states that: reason for the “crisis of masculinity” prominent the have status old compared the to He a days. women absent are either barred or 313). (p. These twomale bastions, argues,he don’t Catholicthe priesthood, of one the few survivals, that runsmale as where bastions Gentlemen’sthat todayt compared exists few though Club, the to fact points (2004) Maclness John 2004,p.158). Hearn, & in Collinson 1993, cited

might be argued that Chatroulette is a response to the “crisis of masculinity” if there (Horrocks, 1994&Petersen, 1998)as well. modernity 2002) and class (Heartfield, the includes also working notbut limited masculinity to link this to the loss of power on the side of men. However, some of the scholars indicate that the crisis is mostly theories Masculinity 2004). & Maclnnes, 2004 Connell, 2002, Heartfield, 1998, Petersen, 1994, i the vehemently onedebated is of masculinity” of “Crisis affirming) 2004, (Maclness, pp.313- to inability flexible,tobe communicate, be emphasize, to to or soft, supportive life emotionalinarticulacy, aggression, destructive coldness, detachment, isolation,an rationality,strength, will, backbone, virili courage, (heroism,manly virtues independence, be claimed to once What were any . The scarcity ofmale homogeneous social spaces have weakened theman

along with the changing virtues of masculinity. of with along changing virtues the He 314). 36

ty) havety) become masculine vices (abuse, ssues in masculinity studies (see Horrocks, rgues whether it might the be o the past, is, together past,with is, o the

need need - to - - CEU eTD Collection behavior. are different rites social which former, than the men purs enabling to Gentlemen’sCyber becomes representation,of kind via a though Chatroulette of Club

ue differentsocial CEU eTD Collection changes the shape of identities (see Jordan, T. 1999, and B.,Marcus, Machilek, F, & Sherry Turkle is among whosestudies many consider the how scholars Internet time. from to individual time masculinities bythe can which willfullyadopted be of one as the guidediscussion will theme with Chatroulette conclude emphasis to onthe ma dichotomiesthe proliferates which multitude a hybrid ofand identities behaviors. The sexual activities. Then discussion ofreconstruction postmodern movea I the to will of on as such Chatroulette, IRC CU and the emergence of theneo Internet. Now will I consider the Internet as an agent and attempt toreveal how it enables passivization scarcity of the homosocial spaces, the resistance against commodification of th to posit several re computer willfully performig his part as a neo of period for certain a Chatroulette masculinity, of Chatroulette the user who his identity as adopts neo a of Thescope thisthesis to of is provide a areading certain typemasculinity, of TECHNOLOGICAL NETWORK CHATROULETTE3. CHAPTER AS ASOCIO - 3.1. Internet asa Generator ofMultiple Identities and Sexualities

pornography asons for his neo becoming a

s in front of the screen of screen the ins of spend front he the time the time, during - brings onanists. Firstly, accentuating on virtual mediums similar to

and apossible “crisis of masculinity” generated by the - SeeMe, I will look at the Internet as ag 38

onanist onChatroule - onanist. Possibleonanist. answers included the tte. haveI attempted enerator of e body and body and e sculinity - onanist

CEU eTD Collection She is referring to Internet Relay Chat (IRC) and the face 20 privately. or publicly female teacher, One 31yearsold a ofusers, the to sheher in refers chattingmessageand synchronousconferencing. It and is to on possible chatrooms the (MUDs) them asbeing or alive almost by day, day which, world ofvirtual be the to part hand, a willing other comes deceive to themselves from themachines reg strong opposition to the virtual world of the Internet as they tend to differentiate She gives the contradictory opinions of the Internet users who, onone hand, reveals a reconstruction of the on the otherside identities oflookingher: glass. For the the the theAge of Internet Schütz, discussion).A., 2006for further She,in bookLifeher on the Screen: Identity in

interactive fictio interactive MUD (Multi self reconstructions of self that characterize postmodern life. In itsvirtual reality, we social laboratory forbecome experimentingthe with significant a matched,and demands whosediverse need to negotiated. be …. The has Internet Manyof more experience things. people identity set a ofas roles that can mixed be Now, multiple postmodernare in times, identities nol 178).many (p. throughcycling selves multiplicity. about identity as thinking bui to are Onable it, people The Internet is another element of the computer culture that has contributed to 20 - . IRC, created in1988,allows itsusersfor real fashion and self and fashion - User Dungeon) refers to multi n and online chat.

(1997), considers how(1997), entering considers into a virtua - create 180). (p. -

alive. Inownalive. words: her

arding their emotions, bodies, and intellect, but on the - user computer games which consist of role

- onger muchso the margins at time Internet messagingtext - to - face role l communityl enables

constructions andconstructions - playing games - playing games, ld by self a

CEU eTD Collection 1994for and Mac inUniversity 1992for Windows. launched for wasoriginally It conferencing software, dev Internet“purethe past”, social Chatroulette on th user of web byconstructing wildness new toolsand mediums stated above. These mediumsnew created are to tame the betwe tension the anonymity IRC and than mediums, previous similar been has designed a as remedy for virtuallaunched mediums Facebook, as such Twitter, and Tumblr, offer which less the tw anonymouspeople, though without the webcams is which the crucial difference between regarded as a precursor of Chatroulette. It also enables users tohave conversations with a different is IRC generator of identities thanmore recent mediums. IRCmight be to role himself the in shoes of anyone, belongingto any gender, class social age or similar group, enablesits users messaging, for text , allowingonly IRC book reveals how channel (p.179). channel for looking goodtime…Maybea I onlycan relax if I see life one as more IRC Melrose about nut Place in war about the serious So[handle] one is lot…. Yugoslavia, is]of [another bit a is It a complete escape… On IRC, I’m very popular. haveI three handles I use a o. Another virtual medium similar to Chatroulette is CU - playing letpeople games which construct their For own identities. thisreason, New York Magazine

en “chaos” and “control”. “Control” has won this battle, introducing its battle, introducing wonits has this “Control” “control”. “chaos”and en much enjoys she to playto with their own iden e side of the“chaos” for promise its of anonymity; as the“blast from eloped by Informationeloped the Technology Cornell Department at - media shuffle”, and the“anti , and [a third is] very active onsexualchannels, always active [a, and is]very third reporter Sam (2010) arguesAnderson recentlythat the

the various identities she has constructed on IRC. - friendly taxonomies. In this regard, perceives he friendly this taxonomies.In might be perceived as a“complete escape” as it 40

titites. A n canIRC user represent her / - Facebook”. - SeeMe. avideo is It

- CEU eTD Collection codes are similar toChatroulette asthey indicate that: who donot nickname a need site. the enter However, to many ofgenderedbehavioral the able were to choose freely which is different than the anonymous users of Chatroulette CU- onlineenvironment. specificto behaviors and behaviors coded ingender interested the participationobservation study their In of CU 355). (p. orientation of theusers as the software was used by heterosexuals, gay men, and lesbians Alley'',''M4M and Muscle''. The names ofthereflectors and rooms indicatedthesexual instance, in flectorthe re ''Jack OffLive'', there were rooms such as''Bi 112 created active for eroticreflectors purposes more with than 3500 members. For theywhere havecan one rooms can that acco public canin interactive sex have users.People either purposesbythe for sexual used is and Image the Act: Interactive Sex on Entertainment the Internet hear and eachcould see othe educational purposes as it enabled the students in the US tohave conferences where they SeeMe, like the earlier mediumsIRC, such as generated nicknames wh For males,...For up shots of up shots andpenises masturbation male are not conventionality of thisroleis tacitly recognized by the CU close community where pornography.masturbator traditional / commonto spectator malelone The pa showsof directingthe other and 'crotch genitals. The universality of thisframing led has to its givenbeing the name

- cam'. These 'crotch cam'males usually masturbate while commenting on their common mode of sexual display is common close a mode display their of sexual mmodate betweenrooms orthe to enter private can 25people 15or - to - one interaction. DecemberIn 2000,they declared, there were r. KibbyMarjorie andCostello Brigid (2001), Between in the rticipants and in doing so perform the role of the role perform and so doing rticipants in the 41

- SeeMe, KibbySeeMe, and Costello were

regarded as doing regarded doing as showa (p. , argue how CU - up shot of their - curious'', ''Dark ich peopleich - SeeMe - CEU eTD Collection genitalia by the users themselves. their reveal can medium they where constructedand into a is intentionally turned latter formerly constructed place where people can gather for erotic sexual and conquests, the mediums, CU mediums, nudity. thatprohibit rules the Therefore, read the I sexual representations act and in two explicitbehavior. or sexual the site, he s/ becomes enters anyone aware when Also, of byitsformation,Chatroulette, a is neutral site does which originally not promote any there are no reflectors or roomsthat are labeled strictly as erotic or pornographic, specifically constructedsexual forencounters, Chatroulette sexu is compete tocatchthe attraction of the other. one during their watched are being sure thatthey userswho contrastswith situationofChatroulette are This the medium is,there Chatroulette,where like scarcitythe of women medium onthe 362). (p. creates a competitive attitude between thepa user. watching participant the whenis other open the is participant's nickname This up watch to 4people due to transmission speeds. The image of the nexteye to the thein crowded could rooms accommod 25people, which upto ate the userswere able to However, genitalia. viatheir representing stage onthe going is what of consumer the and CU- 21

For instance, the French matchmaking website Turning Love by trend of the follows Chatroulette is trend thatInternet to on still more the customizedplaces like add of the continuing. I gathering would SeeME ' 361). The mostThe crucial difference between the two whereas is CU crotch - SeeMe and Chatroulette, asdifferent than each other. While theformer a is - cam'males like act - theneo - to - on

e interactione withother the user. have They donot to 21

The founderofwebsite, the Andrey Ternovskiy

rticipants, especially the male ones inthis onanists as the also y are alized by theusers. As - bothproducer the SeeMe rooms are says, says, CEU eTD Collection 3.2 2004. p.185). representa Willfully penis, he his his commodifying masculinity reconstructs byvalidating it via the the masturbation, where meaningsChatroulette sex, and of orgasm reconstructed. are a in waprevail competition (imaginary) an and sexualobject where of choice of rules courtly love still which occupied is by theusers who seeking are for sexual pleasure. There a is constructed space sexually resistance, ofgame onthe the inthe with rules fac plays he t, onanist is different than the CU person and ads advicesal the Internet offers. mentioned how Cha differently, they no are longer thepassive consumers ofInternet. It the has already been Internet. They no are longerstuck any offered with theycontent are or, to put it a in This, way, re dating a is service. I think it'scool that such conceptcana be for useful manyso people” “Some users: think it is game,thinka it isunknown whole a others think others world, it in his in http://www.turninglove.com/. stranger or someone according to the criteria provided by the user. You can check the website via mediating social encounters via Chatroulette as aSocio terviw with Nick Bilton (20 tion partof of his “the body his least own” ( y.- neo The lates to the factlates the people to become that have themore powerfulover troulette resistance a pornography endangers glut against troulette the and of

onanist, on the other hand, sexualizes the space offeredonanist, sexualizesthe otherhand, space onthe by

webcamandmicrophone, however, it is optional to meet a random - SeeMe exhibitionist. CU 10), how10), this - Technological Network 43

The “crotch

website is perceived differently by its (Edelman, incited Barcan, 1996, - cam” oftheChatroulette neo - SeeMe onanist reveals no

CEU eTD Collection understanding, a status men.her with In cyborg equal an is: maj the are assuch the and nature culture separation, the of products modernity which, she believes, deconstruction step for revolutionary the ofbinaries a the provided understanding, has metaphor ofborgs cy how offeminist reading the forfruitful postmodern a adopted be can Donna Haraway,Cyborgs, Simians,and Women in Chatroulette asasocio Latour, whos post be regarded asautonomous and capable of free problematized willis by thetheorists of dominated Goffman,(see rest 1971). As thishuman - center humanthat puts sociology the the in going understandthe being to is onin what will seea Now, rites. newand social identities human reconstruction of medium a as for the acts I already have agents.I myriad and subjectivit agency technology, ofchanging world a continuously In the regard naive so to it is - humanity. Bruno and of Donna Haraway theories providehow to the aimis My reworked; bethereworked; can one no longer res the a revolution of social relations in the oikos and polaritythe of cyborgthe private, public technological a defines polis on based oppositional, utopian,and completely without Noinnocence. longerstructured by ... resolutely committed to partiality, irony, intimacy, and perversity. It is by the other.by the of including those from for formingparts, whole The relationships broadened argument problematize the traditional will understanding which of by the ever changing technological developments, to what extent a human a can extent what developments,to changing technological ever by the or obstacles foror women, also and otherliving beings such animals,as gain to e works seethese vehement debates, canmediated betoanalyze y of human beings the as separatea entity, unaffected by the other - technological generatingmasculinities. Chatroulette network attempted to provide how the Internet, as an agent itself, itself, as agent an Internet, providehow to the attempted 44

centered vision inefficient is in atime ource for appropriation or incorporation , the household. Nature and culture are culture and Nature household. the ,

(1991), where she she where theorizes (1991),

CEU eTD Collection modernity. tois there the tendency of him,According ongoing purificat while inexplores the twodepth processes at contradictory work the constructionregarding of 20 to late the belongs animal, animal human / (organism) machi and to her,According breaching withoutthe the ofdistinctions humanbetween the the and a platform the emergence for of thecyborgs. As Haraway states: Haraway,nature. byeffacing the slash naturecultures between, constructs while the culture is also productofnature. a the for calls Thus, she re a ofproducts modernity, is deceptive what positsas natureit as is product a of the culture andaccording separation,which, her, to Nature culture ofnon- one the is The cyborg which world, beli she his BrunoLatour, in his influential book also is “fractured”. be for women”can promisingmen p.155) a readbinds ( as also liberation whoseidentity strategicality (p.155). Her statement; “there nothing‘female’ about is being thatnaturally theorizes is possible as a“fractured identity” offering partiality, contradiction, and non- hybrids oforganism; and machine hybrids we are cyborgs short, in (pp.149- century,twentieth time, mythi a mostour political important construction, world a - social reality as well as a creature of fiction. Social reality is lived social relations, A cyborg cyberneticorganisma is in original). issueincyborg at the hierarchical domination, and are polarity italics 151; (p. world modern

stance by attacking the nature culture / distinction as Haraway does. He

century, a cyborg wouldn't emerged. have The cyborg she eves we living are in,apromising is space for everyone. c time, we are all chimeras, theorized and fabricated , a hybrid of machine and organism, and machine of of hybrid a , creature a 45 We Have Never Been Modern (1993), posi

ne, and physical and ne, non and - changing fiction... lateBy the

- 150). 150). invention of the invention physical, which which physical,

which providewhich

ion whichion innocent ts ts CEU eTD Collection relationship with the technology, the Internet. termsmasculinities generated by Chatroulette, so far as theneo them.surrounding has enabled perception neoThis the me- analyze to considering the world without human analyze beings no longer and we other can each meansbasically thattechnology and humans the co a have - toother, each connected other. over the position privileged a has actants of none the This become theactors in the network of relations. In networkthis where every actant is ag for placingof contemporary the sociology its non- the Latour (2005), when he the actorintroduced modernity- by (pp.10 sametime, but,the produced at whichignored been have hybrids for the freedomdefine fornon- a calls Thus, he againstoppositional stance modernity results and his in proclaimed non- culture. and combining nature an contradiction makes him him,According this to take to discursive and the social, there is, at the same time, the rising proliferation o toobjectsubject, human the and separation non- and attempts to reinforce the separation of nature from culture, which he extends this ency. non- humans or either who In understanding,are actants, Latourian (p.11). wor at been become retrospectively aware that the two sets of practices have always already change. begins to future sameAt the been time having modern,we we stop because workthe of hybridization, we immediately stop beingmodern, wholly our and As as soon ourwe direct attention to workthe simultaneously of purificat

k in the historical period that is ending. Our past begins to ending. Ourpast change periodis historical that the k in 11). Latour’s In thedefined point sentences, is as: modern institution, a socio a - modern institution, 46

technological ne technological - network theory, provided a criticism humans asthe key figures of dependent relationship with human worlds, and the andhumanworlds, the - onanist inadirect is twork, which will re onanist, in broader in onanist,

modern f hybrids standing. standing. humans, ion and and ion -

CEU eTD Collection 22 constraints. Gentlemen’s Clubwhere the validation of masculinity might off Cyber take he the Chatroulette, for join and masculinity / while a identity his purportedly masturbating man in a Turkish police officer suit. instance, one ofChatroulette the paparazzis has “tr asa being qualified CEO a high power”, a ofor prominent a firm lover. your or husband, your boss, he your be indicated can man of “the be He can Secondly,man a ca ofpenis. visibility the onthe based masculinity ofis “nature”validation to for the Club, itis not his tuxedo but his penis that validates his masculinity. It is a sort of return hascted of to beinglonger the obey constru rules thisCyber manin a Gentlemen’s as reconstruct the social norms therefore, and, masculinities. The Chatroulette man no acting like a socio “actants” and enable the emer Latour’s calling for asocio

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“holding pow “holding - technological network. Firstly, network. technological users the to medium the enables n have a “fractured identity” by the help of Chatroulette. of identity”bythe help Chatroulette. “fractured a have n As I ue man”, approximating to the “hegemonicmasculinity”. the For to man”,ue approximating er” in neo a in hands - his might into er” turn

gence gence of hybridity is, in way,a mediated by Chatroulette - technological network which will liberate the 47 -

ranking governor. He can who anyone isbe 22 uploaded screenshot a of clothed a

It reveals the very fact that a man no longerburdens him social with /img24/3650/polisc.png onanist as on asonanist on

CEU eTD Collection of sign the Club where mas of homosocialityconcept by interactively turning Chatroulette into a Cyber Gentlemen’s solely purpose. devoted forwebsites this The neo- soliciting nudity versations con and homosocial place where women are likely to encounter sexual harassment via the signs excluding neo the users, - Chatroulette exhibitionist quality. the emergence ofneo the which are imposing on theusers to have aperfect shape and sexual life, has engendered prompter a as of the commodification ofbody, the with the - neo offeredI have I attempted toprovide several reasons for theemergence of of validatednew viathe type masculinity is representing genitalia. which necessi byeffacing act very Desexualizing the orgasm the communa a making it and new category, the neo devote this study to the subject. In the of light these representations, haveI introduced a masturbationmale purportedly ofneutralrepresentations has site onthis incit re CONCLU SION - shaped the representations ofmasculinities male and behavior. The glut of onania might be linked to the commodification of alienation the and the to onania body. might linked be Internet, tates This thesis has attempted to

Another possibleAnother reasonmight be thescarcity of homosocial places. that, following andMarxian Baudrillard’s thoughtson the subject very the act of

a random pairingregardless of sex, theneo

- onanist whoonanist blurred has the understanding masturbation.of culinity is solely attributed to the sight of the male genitalia. - onanist who has attributed masturbation a narcissistic and masturbation a and narcissistic onanist whoattributed has or

explore howexplore Chatroulette, as virtuala medium,has

the sharingthe ofwomen’s the on the representations onanists, has already turned theonanists, a alreadymedium has turned into 48

onanist - onanist has offered a areading of s added a new dimension to the addeds new a dimensionthe to

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- neo the l act which act l ed meed to onanist.

CEU eTD Collection enriching space used if it is for other purposes. redundancy ofneo the - forgotten shouldbe not cultures. and It meet despitemedium new people the to that cons have masculinities or the that amhas presenttouched I aware onall not the paper ciously excluded from my discussion the Chatroulette participants using the participants Chatroulette the discussion my excludedfromciously , more broadly, sexualities identit and onanists, onanists, websitethe might promisingculturally a and be 49

ies generated by a Chatroulette

other

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