Identifying Kurds in Bahman Ghobadi's Films
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY of ENGLISH and KURDISH CONNECTIVES in NEWSPAPER OPINION ARTICLES Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND KURDISH CONNECTIVES IN NEWSPAPER OPINION ARTICLES Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Rashwan Ramadan Salih BA, MA School of English University of Leicester 2014 A comparative study of English and Kurdish connectives in newspaper opinion articles Abstract This thesis is a comparative study that investigates English and Kurdish connectives which signal conjunctive relations in online newspaper opinion articles. This study utilises the Hallidayan framework of connectives in light of the principles of Relevance Theory established by Sperber and Wilson (1995). That is, connectives are considered in terms of their procedural meanings; i.e. the different interpretations they signal within different contexts, rather than their conceptual meanings. It finds that Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) classification of conjunctive relations and connectives needs to be modified, in order to lay out a clearer classification of English connectives that could account for their essential characteristics and properties. This modified classification would also help classify Kurdish connectives with greater accuracy. The comparison between connectives from both languages is examined through the use of translation techniques such as creating paradigms of correspondence between the equivalent connectives from both languages (Aijmer et al, 2006). Relevance Theoretic framework shows that any given text consists of two segments (S1 and S2), and these segments are constrained by different elements according to the four sub-categories of conjunctive relations. Different characteristics of connectives are considered in relation to the different subcategories of the Hallidayan framework of the conjunctive relations as follows: additive: the semantic content of the segments S1 and S2; adversative: the polysemy of the connectives; causal-conditional: iconicity in the order of the segments and temporal: the time scenes in the segments S1 and S2 The thesis comprises eight chapters. -
Unicode Request for Cyrillic Modifier Letters Superscript Modifiers
Unicode request for Cyrillic modifier letters L2/21-107 Kirk Miller, [email protected] 2021 June 07 This is a request for spacing superscript and subscript Cyrillic characters. It has been favorably reviewed by Sebastian Kempgen (University of Bamberg) and others at the Commission for Computer Supported Processing of Medieval Slavonic Manuscripts and Early Printed Books. Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription uses superscript modifier letters in a manner analogous to the IPA. This convention is widespread, found in both academic publication and standard dictionaries. Transcription of pronunciations into Cyrillic is the norm for monolingual dictionaries, and Cyrillic rather than IPA is often found in linguistic descriptions as well, as seen in the illustrations below for Slavic dialectology, Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) and Evenki. The Great Russian Encyclopedia states that Cyrillic notation is more common in Russian studies than is IPA (‘Transkripcija’, Bol’šaja rossijskaja ènciplopedija, Russian Ministry of Culture, 2005–2019). Unicode currently encodes only three modifier Cyrillic letters: U+A69C ⟨ꚜ⟩ and U+A69D ⟨ꚝ⟩, intended for descriptions of Baltic languages in Latin script but ubiquitous for Slavic languages in Cyrillic script, and U+1D78 ⟨ᵸ⟩, used for nasalized vowels, for example in descriptions of Chechen. The requested spacing modifier letters cannot be substituted by the encoded combining diacritics because (a) some authors contrast them, and (b) they themselves need to be able to take combining diacritics, including diacritics that go under the modifier letter, as in ⟨ᶟ̭̈⟩BA . (See next section and e.g. Figure 18. ) In addition, some linguists make a distinction between spacing superscript letters, used for phonetic detail as in the IPA tradition, and spacing subscript letters, used to denote phonological concepts such as archiphonemes. -
CLIB 2016 Proceedings
The Second International Conference Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016) is organised within the Operation for Support for International Scientific Conferences Held in Bulgaria of the National Science Fund Grant № ДПМНФ 01/9 of 11 Aug 2016. National Science Fund CLIB 2016 is organised by: The Department of Computational Linguistics, Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences PUBLICATION AND CATALOGUING INFORMATION Title: Proceedings of the Second International Conference Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016) ISSN: 23675675 (online) Published and The Institute for Bulgarian Language Prof. Lyubomir distributed by: Andreychin, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Editorial address: Institute for Bulgarian Language Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 52 Shipchenski prohod blvd., bldg. 17 Sofia 1113, Bulgaria +359 2/ 872 23 02 Copyright of each paper stays with the respective authors. The works in the Proceedings are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0). Licence details: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 Proceedings of the Second International Conference Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria 9 September 2016 Sofia, Bulgaria PREFACE We are excited to welcome you to the second edition of the International Conference Computational Linguistics in Bulgaria (CLIB 2016) in Sofia, Bulgaria! CLIB aspires to foster the NLP community in Bulgaria and further the cooperation among researchers working in NLP for Bulgarian around the world. The need for a conference dedicated to NLP research dealing with or applicable to Bulgarian has been felt for quite some time. We believe that building a strong community of researchers and teams who have chosen to work on Bulgarian is a key factor to meeting the challenges and requirements posed to computational linguistics and NLP in Bulgaria. -
Turtles Can Fly Won Glass Bear and Peace Film Award at the Berlin International Film Festival and the Golden Shell at the San Sebastian International Film Festival
Alice Hsu Agatha Pai Debby Lin Ellen Hsiao Jocelyn Lin Shirley Fang Tony Huang Xray Du Outline Introduction to the Director --Agatha Historical Background of the film –Ellen Main Argument Themes (4) The Mysterious Center (Debby), (1) Ironies (Tony), (2) US Invasion (Shirley) (3) Survival= Fly (Jocelyn) (5) Agrin Questions Agatha Pai Director Bahman Ghobadi ▸ Born on February 1, 1969 (age 42) in Baneh, Kurdistan Province. ▸ Receive a Bachelor of Arts in film directing from Iran Broadcasting College. ▸ Turtles Can Fly won Glass Bear and Peace Film Award at the Berlin International Film Festival and the Golden Shell at the San Sebastian International Film Festival. Turtles Can Fly ▸ Where did the story of the film come from and how did it take shape in your mind? ▸ With inexperienced children who had never acted before, how did you manage to write the dialogues? Ellen Hsiao Historical Background Kurdistan History: up to7th century ♦ c. 614 B.C.: Indo- European tribe came from Asia into the Iranian plateau ♦ 7th century: Conquered by Arabs many converted to Islam Kurdistan History: 7th – 19th ♦ Kurdistan is also occupied by: Seljuk Turks, the Mongols, the Safavid dynasty, and Ottoman Empire (13th century) ♦ 16th-19th: autonomous Kurdish principalities (ended with the collapse of Ottoman Empire) Kurdistan History: after WWI Treaty of Sevres (1920) ♦ It proposed an autonomous homeland for the Kurds ♦ Rich oil in Kurdistan Treaty of Sevres is rejected ♦ Oppression→ from the host countries Kurdish Inhabited Area Kurdish population mainly spread in: ♦ Turkey (12-14 million) ♦ Iran (7-10 million) ♦ Iraq (5-8 million) ♦ Syria (2-3 million) ♦ Armenia (50,000) Kurdistan ♦ Georgia (40,000) Operation Anfal (1986-1989) ♦ Genocide campaign against Kurdish people ♦ 4,500 villages destroyed ♦ 1.1 – 2.1 million death: 860,000 widows Greater number of orphans → → Halabja (Halabcheh) Massacre ♦ March 16, 1988: aka. -
Towards Kurdish Text to Sign Translation
Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on the Representation and Processing of Sign Languages, pages 117–122 Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC 2020), Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC Towards Kurdish Text to Sign Translation Zina Kamal, Hossein Hassani University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr Kurdistan Region - Iraq, Kurdistan Region - Iraq {z.kamal3, hosseinh}@ukh.edu.krd Abstract The resources and technologies for sign language processing of resourceful languages are emerging, while the low-resource languages are falling behind. Kurdish is a multi-dialect language, and it is considered a low-resource language. It is spoken by approximately 30 million people in several countries, which denotes that it has a large community with hearing-impairments as well. This paper reports on a project which aims to develop the necessary data and tools to process the sign language for Sorani as one of the spoken Kurdish dialects. We present the results of developing a dataset in HamNoSys and its corresponding SiGML form for the Kurdish Sign lexicon. We use this dataset to implement a sign-supported Kurdish tool to check the accuracy of the sign lexicon. We tested the tool by presenting it to hearing-impaired individuals. The experiment showed that 100% of the translated letters were understandable by a hearing-impaired person. The percentages were 65% for isolated words, and approximately 30% for the words in sentences. The data is publicly available at https://github.com/KurdishBLARK/KurdishSignLanguage for non-commercial use under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 licence. -
Local Gothic SCHWARTZCO Local Gothic ABOUT Vllg.Com
vllg.com LoCAL Gothic SCHWARTZCO Local Gothic ABOUT vllg.com Details / 2005 GIORGIO SANS was designed by Christian Schwartz. It is available as a cross-platform, feature-rich OpenType font. Giorgio Sans is available in Roman & Italic with eight feature-rich weights with plenty of stylistic alternates. Please contact us for information on webfonts licensing. SUPPORTED LANGUAGES SO 8859–1 / LATIN 1 Local Gothic offers extensive language support… Afrikaans, Albanian, Basque, Breton, Catalan, Danish, English (UK & US), Faroese, Galician, German, Icelandic, Irish (new orthography), Italian, Kurdish (The Kurdish Unified Alphabet), Latin (basic classical orthography), Leonese, Luxembourgish (basic classical orthography), Norwegian (Bokmål & Nynorsk), Occitan, Portuguese (Portuguese & Brazilian), Rhaeto-Romanic, Scottish Gaelic, Spanish, Swahili, Swedish & Walloon ISO 8859–2 / LATIN 2 Bosnian, Croatian, Czech, German, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Serbian (when in the Latin script), Slovak, Slovene, Upper Sorbian & Lower Sorbian ISO 8859–3 / LATIN 3 Esperanto, Maltese, Turkish ISO 8859–4 / LATIN 4 Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Greenlandic & Sami ISO 8859–9 / LATIN 5 Turkish ISO 8859–10 / LATIN 6 Nordic languages SCHWARTZCO Local Gothic ABOUT vllg.com Local Gothic / page 1 of 3 WHILe i wAS iN COllEge i ToOk several cLasseS at pittsbuRgh FILmmakers, aND i HAd to wALK By A rallY’S HaMBuRGEr sTANd to get theRe. tHeIr SigN wAS amazing — it LOOked lIke they had bouGht theIr mOvaBle LETTerS ON thrEE or four SEpARate occasionS and DiDN’T CaRe that THeY didn’T mAtcH. IT gaVE me AN ideA For a veRY DIstressed typEFace that was made up Of comPletEly UndIstressed characTERs. tHe uNeveN texture Would Only be ApPareNT if You Looked at mULtiPLe characterS aT a TIme. -
University of Florida Thesis Or Dissertation Formatting
VOICES OF A REBELLIOUS GENERATION: CULTURAL AND POLITICAL RESISTANCE IN IRAN’S UNDERGROUND ROCK MUSIC By SHABNAM GOLI A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF MUSIC UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2014 © 2014 Shabnam Goli I dedicate this thesis to my soul mate, Alireza Pourreza, for his unconditional love and support. I owe this achievement to you. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Completion of this thesis would not have been possible without the help and support of many people. I thank my committee chair, Dr. Larry Crook, for his continuous guidance and encouragement during these three years. I thank you for believing in me and giving me the possibility for growing intellectually and musically. I am very thankful to my committee member, Dr. Welson Tremura, who devoted numerous hours of endless assistance to my research. I thank you for mentoring me and dedicating your kind help and patience to my work. I also thank my professors at the University of Florida, Dr. Silvio dos Santos, Dr. Jennifer Smith, and Dr. Jennifer Thomas, who taught me how to think and how to prosper in my academic life. Furthermore, I express my sincere gratitude to all the informants who agreed to participate in several hours of online and telephone interviews despite all their difficulties, and generously shared their priceless knowledge and experience with me. I thank Alireza Pourreza, Aldoush Alpanian, Davood Ajir, Ali Baghfar, Maryam Asadi, Mana Neyestani, Arash Sobhani, ElectroqutE band members, Shahyar Kabiri, Hooman Ajdari, Arya Karnafi, Ebrahim Nabavi, and Babak Chaman Ara for all their assistance and support. -
Iranian Cinema Syllabus Winter 2017 Olli Final Version
Contemporary Iranian Cinema Prof. Hossein Khosrowjah [email protected] Winter 2017: Between January 24and February 28 Times: Tuesday 1-3 Location: Freight & Salvage Coffee House The post-revolutionary Iranian national cinema has garnered international popularity and critical acclaim since the late 1980s for being innovative, ethical, and compassionate. This course will be an overview of post-revolutionary Iranian national cinema. We will discuss and look at works of the most prominent films of this period including Abbas Kiarostami, Mohsen Makhmalbaf, Bahram Beyzaii, and Asghar Farhadi. We will consider the dominant themes and stylistic characteristics of Iranian national cinema that since its ascendance in the late 1980s has garnered international popularity and critical acclaim for being innovative, ethical and compassionate. Moreover, the role of censorship and strong feminist tendencies of many contemporary Iranian films will be examined. Week 1 [January 24]: Introduction: The Early Days, The Birth of an Industry Class Screenings: Early Ghajar Dynasty Images (Complied by Mohsen Makhmalbaf, 18 mins) The House is Black (Forough Farrokhzad, 1963) Excerpts from Mohsen Makhmalbaf’s Once Upon a Time, Cinema (1992) 1 Week 2 [January 31]: New Wave Cinema of the 1960s and 1970s, The Revolution, and the First Cautious Steps Pre-class viewing: 1- Downpour (Bahram Beyzai, 1972 – Required) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m-gCtDWHFQI 2- The Report (Abbas Kiarostami, 1977 – Recommended) http://www.veoh.com/watch/v48030256GmyJGNQw 3- The Brick -
Creating Standards
Creating Standards Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/17/19 6:48 PM Studies in Manuscript Cultures Edited by Michael Friedrich Harunaga Isaacson Jörg B. Quenzer Volume 16 Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/17/19 6:48 PM Creating Standards Interactions with Arabic Script in 12 Manuscript Cultures Edited by Dmitry Bondarev Alessandro Gori Lameen Souag Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/17/19 6:48 PM ISBN 978-3-11-063498-3 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063906-3 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063508-9 ISSN 2365-9696 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number: 2019935659 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Dmitry Bondarev, Alessandro Gori, Lameen Souag, published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Printing and binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck www.degruyter.com Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/17/19 6:48 PM Contents The Editors Preface VII Transliteration of Arabic and some Arabic-based Script Graphemes used in this Volume (including Persian and Malay) IX Dmitry Bondarev Introduction: Orthographic Polyphony in Arabic Script 1 Paola Orsatti Persian Language in Arabic Script: The Formation of the Orthographic Standard and the Different Graphic Traditions of Iran in the First Centuries of -
The Wili Benchmark Dataset for Written Natural Language Identification
1 The WiLI benchmark dataset for written II. WRITTEN LANGUAGE BASICS language identification A language is a system of communication. This could be spoken language, written language or sign language. A spoken language Martin Thoma can have several forms of written language. For example, the E-Mail: [email protected] spoken Chinese language has at least three writing systems: Traditional Chinese characters, Simplified Chinese characters and Pinyin — the official romanization system for Standard Chinese. Abstract—This paper describes the WiLI-2018 benchmark dataset for monolingual written natural language identification. Languages evolve. New words like googling, television and WiLI-2018 is a publicly available,1 free of charge dataset of Internet get added, but written languages are also refactored. short text extracts from Wikipedia. It contains 1000 paragraphs For example, the German orthography reform of 1996 aimed at of 235 languages, totaling in 235 000 paragraphs. WiLI is a classification dataset: Given an unknown paragraph written in making the written language simpler. This means any system one dominant language, it has to be decided which language it which recognizes language and any benchmark needs to be is. adapted over time. Hence WiLI is versioned by year. Languages do not necessarily have only one name. According to Wikipedia, the Sranan language is also known as Sranan Tongo, Sranantongo, Surinaams, Surinamese, Surinamese Creole and I. INTRODUCTION Taki Taki. This makes ISO 369-3 valuable, but not all languages are represented in ISO 369-3. As ISO 369-3 uses combinations The identification of written natural language is a task which of 3 Latin letters and has 547 reserved combinations, it can appears often in web applications. -
051115 News Copy
Campus group to create video game | 6 An independent newspaper at the University of Oregon www.dailyemerald.com SINCE 1900 | Volume 107, Issue 59 | Tuesday, November 15, 2005 IRC explores Middle Eastern culture Councilor Week-long event, ‘Opening Windows on Middle East decides Cultures,’ increases awareness BY JOE BAILEY against NEWS REPORTER ssociate professor of geography Shaul Cohen challenged Americans Monday Ato better educate themselves about the re-election Middle East, kicking off a week of events cele- brating the region. After two terms of serving as city Cohen spoke at the opening ceremony of the councilor for Ward 3, David International Resource Center’s “Opening Win- dows on Middle East Cultures” week. The IRC Kelly decides to seek new projects will host programs and events through Friday in- tended to increase awareness of the people and BY CHRIS HAGAN cultures that compose the Middle East. NEWS REPORTER “So often in the United States, we have the Middle East reduced to a couple of conflicts and David Kelly, Eugene city councilor for the a couple of peoples in a couple of countries,” University area, announced Monday that he Cohen said. “We’re obligated to engage in will not seek a third term on the council. basic education about the Middle East.” Kelly has served as Ward 3 city councilor University President Dave Frohnmayer and Di- more we have to learn,” Frohnmayer said since 1998. rector of International Student and Scholarship Shirzadegan and Cohen both said an inten- Kelly said in a statement that during his Services Magid Shirzadegan, who spoke before sive media focus on terrorism in the Middle time on the council, he has “worked dili- Cohen, offered similar sentiments. -
Un Film De Bahman Ghobadi
HalfUn film de BahmanMoon Ghobadi WWW.FRENCHCOMEDI.FR Festival International du Film de San Sebastiàn Coquille d’Or Prix FIPRESCI CTV INTERNATIONAL présente du meilleur scénario Une production MIJ FILM(IRAN) / NEW CROWDED HOPE (AUTRICHE) / SILKROAD PRODUCTION (FRANCE) Sortie nationale le 11 juillet 2007 Iran/France - 2006 Half Moon Durée : 1 h 47 Un film de Distribution Relations Presse Bahman GHOBADI CTV international Florence ALEXANDRE 5 rue Coq Héron - 75001 Paris Alexandra FAUSSIER Avec 01 44 76 07 27 01 43 14 29 31 Ismail GHAFFARI et Allah Morad RASHTIANI [email protected] alexfl[email protected] Mamo (Ismail Ghaffai), est un vieux musicien kurde la prochaine pleine lune. "Même la mort n’est pas un proscription. Les femmes dans ce film ont une beauté Ce film a été censuré en Iran. Bahman Ghobadi y de grande renommée qui vit au Kurdistan iranien. malheur" lui répond Mamo, en écho à la citation de hiératique. Ce sont des anges, mais des anges armés est accusé de séparatisme (le Kurdistan s’étend sur Depuis 35 ans, date de la prise de pouvoir par Sad- Kierkegaard évoquée au début du film : “Je n’ai pas de force, de courage et de dignité. quatre pays, dont l’Iran). Or, s’il reste militant, ce dam Hussein, il n’a pas eu le droit de donner de peur de la mort car si je suis ici, elle n’est pas là. Et quatrième film de Bahman Ghobadi est son œuvre la concert au Kurdistan irakien. A la chute du régime, si elle est ici, je n’y suis pas.” La première image de Sur un mode onirique, Ghobadi nous entraîne dans plus poétique.