DOCSLIB.ORG

Wellington Park Social Values and Landscape Assessment Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wellington Park Social Values and Landscape Assessment Report Wellington Park Management Trust WELLINGTON PARK SOCIAL VALUES AND LANDSCAPE – AN ASSESSMENT Prepared by McConnell, A. March 2012 Wellington Park Management Trust, GPO Box 503, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001. Cover – main photo: Mountain Snow [source WPMT] inset photos: :R - Sleeping Beauty [source WPMT] L - Fred Lakin at Lakins Lair [photo: A. McConnell] Explanatory Note This report has been prepared by the Wellington Park Management Trust as part of a multi-stage assessment of the landscape values of Wellington Park. This assessment focuses on the social values of Wellington Park, in particular those which relate to landscape. The assessment is based on a ‘Community Values Survey’, undertaken in late 2010-early 2011 by means of a short questionnaire that the greater Hobart community generally was encouraged to complete. The geographic scope of the study was the whole of Wellington Park. The aim of this study is to understand to what extent, and in which ways, the community, in particular the Greater Hobart community, value Wellington Park. A core part of the assessment was to assess how the Wellington Park landscape is appreciated in order to contribute to an understanding of the full range of landscape values that are being assessed in the broader Wellington Park Landscape Assessment. Wellington Park has acknowledged important landscape values which have applied since the early days of European settlement of Hobart, yet these have not been previously assessed formally or in detail. The main aim of the overall Wellington Park Landscape Assessment therefore is to provide important landscape values information to assist in managing the Park to meet the objectives of the Wellington Park Management Plan. This report is one of three assessments of the landscape values of Wellington Park that make up the overall ‘Wellington Park Landscape Assessment’. Once completed the three key landscape assessments – this social values assessment, a visual landscape character and quality assessment, and an historical landscape character assessment – will contribute to a single synthetic summary report on the landscape values of Wellington Park. ________________________ DISCLAIMER - This report has not been formally endorsed by the Wellington Park Management Trust, and does not necessarily represent the views of the Wellington Park Management Trust or the individual Park land management agencies. i "Mount Wellington – the Mountain – has meaning for all Tasmanians, and particularly for those who live in its shadows. The Mountain has ever been a reference point, whether viewed from the distance or from its foothills …" "Indifference to Mount Wellington is rare. Its strong stance on the skyline calls for some sort of response". The Mountain – a people's perspective (Stoddart 2004, pp v & 4) _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Wellington Park Social Values & Landscape – An Assessment McConnell, A. (March 2012) A Wellington Park Management Trust Report ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to sincerely thank all those people have assisted in this assessment, not least being those who helped promote the Community Values Survey and the approximately 460 members of the Tasmanian community, primarily the greater Hobart region community, for completing the Survey questionnaire on which this assessment is based. Without this input the assessment would not have been possible. The following individuals and organisations have provided specific assistance which has been of great assistance to the project – The various Council Community Development Officers for getting the questionnaire out into the community, including Sue Biswinkel, Julie Anderson, Robert McCrossin, Melissa Staples, and Julie Alder; Various local community groups for distribution and advertising the Community Values Survey, including the Fern Tree Community Association; various branches of the State Library (LINC) & Service Tasmania for getting the questionnaire out into the community; various stores, post offices and service stations in centres near Wellington Park for also getting the questionnaire out into the community; the print and radio media, in particular The Mercury and ABC radio, for helping make the community aware of the project; various staff of the Hobart City Council for their support for the project; Patrick Badger for his patience with formatting the questionnaire; and Michael Easton, Wellington Park Management Trust, for his support during the project, including for my vision for a greater landscape values assessment, for getting the questionnaire on-line, and for comment on the draft report March 2012 Anne McConnell Cultural Heritage Coordinator Wellington Park Management Trust _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Wellington Park Social Values & Landscape – An Assessment McConnell, A. (March 2012) A Wellington Park Management Trust Report iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background to the Assessment Wellington Park (refer Figure 1) has acknowledged important community held landscape values and other social values, which in some cases borders on, or becomes, a spiritual attachment. The broad range of social values however have not previously been formally assessed, yet given the large number of people living around and within sight of Wellington Park and their use of the Park, this information is critical to the successful long term management of the Park. This is particularly so, given that one of the management goals for the Park is to "retain the essential cultural characteristics of the Park" (WPMP 2005, 14). This assessment was designed to develop an initial broad based understanding of how the community within the greater Hobart region values Wellington Park and areas and places within it, and to document this for management purposes. The results are also designed to feed into the current Wellington Park Landscape Values Assessment Project, hence the assessment has a strong focus on landscape and place-based values. The specific objectives of the present assessment have been to – . determine through a ‘Community Values Survey’ utilising a simple open ended questionnaire (and possibly a second, later, more detailed questionnaire if considered warranted) how the greater Hobart region community value Wellington Park; . investigate how the community values the Wellington Park landscape to provide social values information for the Wellington Park Landscape Assessment project; . examine the implications of this community valuing for the management of Wellington Park; and . review the proposed future stages of the broader Wellington Park Community Values project in the light of the findings from this project. The assessment of social values has been based on a ‘community values survey’. The survey took the form of a simple questionnaire with a small number of open ended questions and bio- statistical questions. To encourage a large number of responses from throughout the greater Hobart area, the questionnaire was available on-line on the WPMT website and in downloadable form from the website, and hard copies were distributed to a number of public places in the region (eg, Council offices, State Library branches and rural area stores). This distribution was supported by advertising in local newspapers, on radio, and through various local government community forums (eg, organisation newsletters). The questionnaire was available from the end of September 2010 to the end of June 2011. The questionnaire and project advertising was also designed to encourage those with no particular interest in Wellington Park to respond to the survey to identify what proportion of the community do not particularly value Wellington Park. The Landscape & Social Values – The Questionnaire Results In total 458 responses were received. This is considered to be a good response for the type of survey it is and an adequate sample for analysis. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Wellington Park Social Values & Landscape – An Assessment McConnell, A. (March 2012) A Wellington Park Management Trust Report iv The responses come mainly from the greater Hobart region, but also from southern Tasmania more broadly, and there are a small number of responses from other parts of Tasmania, interstate an overseas. The assessment is therefore seen to have good geographic representation. There is also a good balance of representation on the basis of gender and age, except for the 0- 20 year old range which is very poorly represented. The results, based on semi-quantitative analysis, indicate that – The whole of the Park is valued for a range of reasons, but the strong focus of valuing is Mount Wellington. The social values of the Park are very diverse and cover a number of individual values across the categories of ‘landscape value’, ‘aesthetic value’, ‘sense of place value’, ‘personal meaning and association’, ‘personal function’, ‘community function’, ‘scientific value’ and ‘historical value’. Overall, the landscape and place values are valued more highly than personal meaning and association and function, or community function. Although not considered to be a comprehensive list, a number of places and features within the Park were identified as being of special social value. The most highly valued natural place is the summit of Mount Wellington, but the Springs, the Organ Pipes, Sphinx Rock, the Pipeline Track and the Zig Zag Track are also
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sullivans Cove and Precinct Other Names: Place ID: 105886 File No: 6/01/004/0311 Nomination Date: 09/07/2007 Principal Group: Urban Area
    Australian Heritage Database Class : Historic Item: 1 Identification List: National Heritage List Name of Place: Sullivans Cove and Precinct Other Names: Place ID: 105886 File No: 6/01/004/0311 Nomination Date: 09/07/2007 Principal Group: Urban Area Assessment Recommendation: Place does not meet any NHL criteria Other Assessments: National Trust of Australia (Tas) Tasmanian Heritage Council : Entered in State Heritage List Location Nearest Town: Hobart Distance from town (km): Direction from town: Area (ha): Address: Davey St, Hobart, TAS, 7000 LGA: Hobart City, TAS Location/Boundaries: The area set for assessment was the area entered in the Tasmanian Heritage Register in Davey Street to Franklin Wharf, Hobart. The area assessed comprised an area enclosed by a line commencing at the intersection of the south eastern road reserve boundary of Davey Street with the south western road reserve boundary of Evans Street (approximate MGA point Zone 55 527346mE 5252404mN), then south easterly via the south western road reserve boundary of Evans Street to its intersection with the south eastern boundary of Land Parcel 1/138719 (approximate MGA point 527551mE 5252292mN), then southerly and south westerly via the south eastern boundary of Land Parcel 1/138719 to the most southerly point of the land parcel (approximate MGA point 527519mE 5252232mN), then south easterly directly to the intersection of the southern road reserve boundary of Hunter Street with MGA easting 527546mE (approximate MGA point 527546mE 5252222mN), then southerly directly to
    [Show full text]
  • Tasmaniatm GAY and LESBIAN VISITOR’S GUIDE
    TasmaniaTM GAY AND LESBIAN VISITOR’S GUIDE www.discovertasmania.com/gayfriendly A Gay Travel Guides publication www.gaytravelguides.info Welcome Tasmania is the heart-shaped island at the bottom of the world, a place you have to stoop to see on a desk globe. It is one of contents Australia’s six states, but thanks to its beauty, fertility and history Queer History 4 Arts & Crafts 18 it is another country. Language & People 8 Hobart & The South 20 In the words of Oxford Professor Peter Conrad, writing of The Queer View 10 Launceston & The North East 22 the land of his childhood, “Tasmania is Janus-faced. On the sunlit east coast you can feel you’re the first man on earth, greeting Wilderness & Wildlife 12 The North West & West 24 it in wonder; on the west’s storm-swept beaches, you’re the The Adventure Island 14 Special Things to See & Do 26 last of your race.” Wine & Food 16 Listings 30 The truth here is that Tasmania is a land of incongruous contrasts: sleepy towns with world-renowned cultural festivals, hedge-rowed Editor: Dominic O’Grady Publisher: Gay Travel Guides Pty Ltd English farmlands enclosed by the ethereal rainforests dinosaurs trod, Design: McGill Design Group PO Box 121 Blackheath NSW 2785 stately Georgian mansions amidst barbarous nineteenth-century penal Text: Rodney Croome Australia Photos: Courtesy of Tourism Tasmania, Ph: +61 2 4787 7905 camps, winter drought and snow storms in summer. Allport Library and Museum of Fax: +61 2 4787 7020 People come from around the world to enjoy these many different Fine Arts, State Library of Tasmania Email: [email protected] faces of Tasmania.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology, Geomorphology and Soils of Wellington Park
    Geology, geomorphology and soils of Wellington Park The geology of Wellington Park forms the physical foundations for the landscape and the soil. Millions of years of erosive processes and change have shaped the area to form the landforms we know today. The foothills feature sedimentary sandstones and mudstones laid down during the Permian Period (230-280 million years ago). These are now visible in the foothills of the Mountain around Fern Tree, South Hobart and Lenah Valley. Creamy white to grey in colour these mudstones and sandstones are visible in horizontal or gently dipping layers, sometimes up to a metre thick. In some places brachiopods and bryozoans may be seen. Sandstones rich in quartz formed during the Triassic (180 -230 million years ago) and covered the mudstones. Today these can be seen above approximately 600m in the cliffs and promontories around the Springs (including Rocky Whelans Cave), Sphinx Rock, Crocodile Rock and Snake Plains. On the western slopes of the Glen Dhu Rivulet val ley the Yellow Cliffs are 50m high and extend for 1km, making it the highest and longest sandstone cliffs in the State. A thick sheet of dolerite intruded during the Jurassic Period 170 million years ago. Shrinkage cracks developed while the molten magma cooled, forming large vertical columns with polygonal cross- sections. Block faulting is in part responsible for the main landform trends of eastern and central Tasmania. Mount Wellington and the Derwent Valley were formed some 150 million years ago by block faulting. This has influenced the erosional development of the size and form of the Wellington Range.
    [Show full text]
  • After Four Successful Editions
    fter four successful editions the A concepts which inspired the creation of Ten Days on the Island in 2001 have well and truly proved themselves. With performances and works across the artistic spectrum drawn from island cultures around the world, including of course our own, Ten Days on the Island has become Tasmania’s premier cultural event and an event of national and international significance. Under the creative leadership of our Artistic Director, Elizabeth Walsh, I MY ISLAND HOME know that the 2009 event will take us to even greater heights. I would like to thank the Tasmanian Government, our corporate sponsors and Philos patrons, local government and the governments of countries around the world for their continuing support for Ten Days on the Island. They are making a very significant contribution to building and enriching our island culture. SIR GUY GREEN Chairman, Ten Days on the Island 1 he opening bash for 2009 will T centre on Constitution Dock. In addition to Junk Theory, there are free bands, the sounds of Groove Ganesh (see page 24), food stalls, roving entertainment and the first of the amazing Dance Halls will be held just up Macquarie Street in City Hall (see opposite). The CELEBRATE Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallery will be open late so you can see all the shows (see pages 4 & 34) with special performances by the Ruined piano man, Ross Bolleter in the café courtyard… Don’t miss it for quids! HOBART CONSTITUTION DOCK DAVEY STREET 27 MARCH FROM 7.30PM Supported by JUNK TASMANIA t dusk on opening night, in the heart of Hobart at Constitution Dock, a HOBART LAUNCESTON A traditional Chinese junk, the Suzy Wong, will drift by, her sails set and CONSTITUTION DOCK SEAPORT DAVEY STREET 4 & 5 APRIL FROM DUSK filled with moving imagery.
    [Show full text]
  • Hobart Floating Bridge
    HOBART’S FLOATING BRIDGE Nomination for a Heritage Recognition Award Anonymous Bridge in service; lift span far left Prepared by Bruce Cole for Engineering Heritage Tasmania Version 2 April 2014 CONTENTS CONTENTS ...................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 3 LOCATION MAP ............................................................................................................... 3 HERITAGE AWARD NOMINATION FORM ....................................................................... 4 OWNER’S LETTER OF APPROVAL ................................................................................. 5 EARLIER PROPOSALS .................................................................................................... 6 PROJECT PLANNING ..................................................................................................... 7 CONSTRUCTION ............................................................................................................. 7 Bridge components ...................................................................................................... 7 Western approach spans ............................................................................................. 7 Contract awarded......................................................................................................... 7 Lift span ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • National Conference: Hobart Dining Guide SANDY BAY
    National Conference: Hobart dining guide SANDY BAY: WREST POINT CONVENTION CENTRE AND HOTEL With four restaurants, the Conference venue offers a range of dining options: The Revolving Restaurant on the top of the tower, Pier One overlooking the water (left), the Loft Bistro and Buffet/Coffee Shop. THE METZ ON THE BAY 217 Sandy Bay Road, Sandy Bay In the centre of Sandy Bay, The Metz offers relaxed inside and outside dining with versatile menu options. Stop by for a casual snack, drink or a delicious meal, and take advantage of their free WIFI. A short trip from the conference centre, The Metz is sure to please with a steak, parmi or woodfired pizza. Prices start at $10. Open seven days. ME WAH (a Chinese phrase meaning ‘exquisite setting’) 16 Magnet Court, Sandy Bay This restaurant has been the recipient of many dining awards. It is an excellent place to try the local shellfish – lobster, salmon, oysters, squid, scallops – in delicious Asian style. We can highly recommend the duck too. They offer takeaways, a la carte and banquet style dining. Entrees start at $14 and mains $30. Open six days (closed Monday) and the hours vary. 1 SOLO PASTA AND PIZZA 50B King Street, Sandy Bay. Italian in the heart of Sandy Bay, Solo Pasta and Pizza is popular with tourists and locals alike. Choose from the extensive antipasto, carne and pesce, pasta, risotti, pizza, calzoni menus, and pair with a glass of local or imported wine. You can even order takeaway if you are feeling weary after a full day of conferencing.
    [Show full text]
  • Proclamation Under the Roads and Jetties Act 1935
    TASMANIA __________ PROCLAMATION UNDER THE ROADS AND JETTIES ACT 1935 STATUTORY RULES 2018, No. 91 __________ I, the Governor in and over the State of Tasmania and its Dependencies in the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Executive Council, by this my proclamation made under section 7 of the Roads and Jetties Act 1935 – (a) declare the portions of roads specified in Schedule 1 to this proclamation to be State highways for the purposes of Part II of that Act; and (b) declare the portions of roads specified in Schedule 2 to this proclamation to be a single subsidiary road, classified as a main road, for the purposes of Part II of that Act; and (c) amend the proclamation notified in the Gazette as Statutory Rules 1970, No.67 as follows: (i) by omitting from the First Schedule to that proclamation the item relating to the Brooker Highway and substituting the following item: Roads and Jetties Act 1935 – Proclamation Statutory Rules 2018, No. 91 Brooker Highway From the intersection with the 11.48 Tasman Highway to the Midland Highway at, and (18.48 including, the intersection with kilometres) the Lyell Highway, Granton (ii) by omitting from the First Schedule to that proclamation the item relating to the Southern Outlet Highway and substituting the following item: Southern Outlet From the intersection with the 5.95 Highway southern boundary of the Davey/Macquarie Couplet, (9.582 South Hobart to and including kilometres) the Kingston Interchange (iii) by omitting from the First Schedule to that proclamation the item relating to the Tasman Highway and substituting the following item: 2 Roads and Jetties Act 1935 – Proclamation Statutory Rules 2018, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Wellington Park Historic Tracks and Huts Network Comparative Analysis
    THE HISTORIC TRACK & HUT NETWORK OF THE HOBART FACE OF MOUNT WELLINGTON Interim Report Comparative Analysis & Significance Assessment Anne McConnell MAY 2012 For the Wellington Park Management Trust, Hobart. Anne D. McConnell Consultant - Cultural Heritage Management, Archaeology & Quaternary Geoscience; GPO Box 234, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001. Background to Report This report presents the comparative analysis and significance assessment findings for the historic track and hut network on the Hobart-face of Mount Wellington as part of the Wellington Park Historic Track & Hut Network Assessment Project. This report is provided as the deliverable for the second milestone for the project. The Wellington Park Historic Track & Hut Network Assessment Project is a project of the Wellington Park Management Trust. The project is funded by a grant from the Tasmanian government Urban Renewal and Heritage Fund (URHF). The project is being undertaken on a consultancy basis by the author, Anne McConnell. The data contained in this assessment will be integrated into the final project report in approximately the same format as presented here. Image above: Holiday Rambles in Tasmania – Ascending Mt Wellington, 1885. [Source – State Library of Victoria] Cover Image: Mount Wellington Map, 1937, VW Hodgman [Source – State Library of Tasmania] i CONTENTS page no 1 BACKGROUND - THE EVOLUTION OF 1 THE TRACK & HUT NETWORK 1.1 The Evolution of the Track Network 1 2.2 The Evolution of the Huts 18 2 A CONTEXT FOR THE TRACK & HUT 29 NETWORK – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 2.1
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Resources Tasmania Annual Review 2007/2008
    Mineral Resources Tasmania Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources A Division of the Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources Mineral Resources Tasmania Annual Review 2007/2008 Mineral Resources Tasmania PO Box 56 Rosny Park Tasmania 7018 Phone: (03) 6233 8377 l Fax: (03) 6233 8338 Email: [email protected] l Internet: www.mrt.tas.gov.au 2 Mineral Resources Tasmania Mineral Resources Tasmania (MRT) is a Division of the Department of Infrastructure, Energy and Resources (DIER). It is Tasmania’s corporate entity for geoscientific data, information and knowledge, and consists of a multi-tasking group of people with a wide range of specialist experience. The role of MRT is to ensure that Tasmania’s mineral resources and infrastructure development are managed in a sustainable way now, and for future generations, in accordance with present Government Policy, Partnership Agreements and goals of Tasmania Together. — Mission — ! To contribute to the economic development of Tasmania by providing the necessary geoscientific information and services to foster mineral resource and infrastructure development and responsible land management for the benefit of the Tasmanian community — Objectives — ! Benefit the Tasmanian community by an effective and co-ordinated government approach to mineral resources, infrastructure development and land management. ! Maximise the opportunities for community growth by providing timely and relevant geoscientific information for integration with other government systems. ! Optimise the operational
    [Show full text]
  • Clarence Meeting Agenda
    CLARENCE CITY COUNCIL 11 NOV 2019 1 Prior to the commencement of the meeting, the Mayor will make the following declaration: “I acknowledge the Tasmanian Aboriginal Community as the traditional custodians of the land on which we meet today, and pay respect to elders, past and present”. The Mayor also to advise the Meeting and members of the public that Council Meetings, not including Closed Meeting, are audio-visually recorded and published to Council’s website. CLARENCE CITY COUNCIL 11 NOV 2019 2 COUNCIL MEETING MONDAY 11 NOVEMBER 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM SUBJECT PAGE 1. APOLOGIES ....................................................................................................................................... 5 2. CONFIRMATION OF MINUTES ............................................................................................................ 5 3. MAYOR’S COMMUNICATION ............................................................................................................. 5 4. COUNCIL WORKSHOPS ...................................................................................................................... 6 5. DECLARATIONS OF INTERESTS OF ALDERMAN OR CLOSE ASSOCIATE ............................................. 7 6. TABLING OF PETITIONS .................................................................................................................... 8 7. PUBLIC QUESTION TIME.................................................................................................................... 9 7.1 PUBLIC QUESTIONS
    [Show full text]
  • A Geophysical Investigation of the Derwent Estuary
    A Geophysical Investigation of the Derwent Estuary David J Gibbons B. Sc. UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA A research thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours School of Earth Sciences, University of Tasmania November, 2001 \. Acknowledgements (, Michael Roach, my supervisor and chief guru for your assistance, expertise and support (even if you did reckon the funny bits in the seismic were basalt!). Thanks especially for scraping together the funds for the project after the grant application got rejected. I hope you enjoyed your holiday, you certainly deserved it. (, James Reid - stand-in guru and all-around good guy - for your help and good humour, particularly in Michael's absence. Thanks also for your lessons in the dark art ­ fortran 77. Alan Jordan and Miles Lawler from the Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries " Institute, without whom this project could not have proceeded. Alan for providing' 'mates rates' for the vessels and Miles for piloting them back and forth, back and forth, back and forth....thank you both. David Mitchell from the University of Sydney, for his willingness to come to Hobart /, in the colder months (straight from the North West SheW) to conduct our seismic survey. His good humour and patience with my clumsiness ("Please don't stand on the eel, Dave!") certainly made the seismic survey a more pleasant experience than it might otherwise have been. .. Pat Quilty for his willingness to help whenever required (particularly in terms of my' literature review). Thanks also to Peter Harris, for looking at my seismic data early in the year and allowing me to use his carbonate distribution map in my thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Eucalyptus Cordata Subsp. Quadrangulosa (Myrtaceae), a New Taxon of Restricted Distribution from Southern Tasmania
    Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 142(2), 2008 71 EUCALYPTUS CORDATA SUBSP. QUADRANGULOSA (MYRTACEAE), A NEW TAXON OF RESTRICTED DISTRIBUTION FROM SOUTHERN TASMANIA by Dean Nicolle, Brad M. Potts and Gay E. McKinnon (with one text-figure and four plates) Nicolle, D., Potts, B.M. & McKinnon, G.E. 2008 (28:xi): Eucalyptus cordata subsp. quadrangulosa (Myrtaceae), a new taxon of restricted distribution from southern Tasmania. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 142(2): 71–78. ISSN 0080-4703. Currency Creek Arboretum, 15 Rousillion Promenade, Old Reynella, South Australia 5161, Australia (DN*). School of Plant Science and Cooperative Research Centre for Forestry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia (BMP, GEMcK). *Author for correspondence. Email: [email protected] Eucalyptus cordata subsp. quadrangulosa is described to accommodate western populations of the species, and differs from the typical subspecies most conspicuously in the quadrangular branchlets, and also in the larger and more pointed juvenile leaves, the more flattened peduncles, the larger bi-ribbed flower buds, and the larger fruits. The quadrangular branchlets of the new subspecies are unique in E. ser. Orbiculares. The new subspecies occurs to the west of, and largely disjunct from, eastern E. cordata, and tends to occupy cooler and wet- ter sites. Some morphologically and geographically intermediate populations are known. Both subspecies of E. cordata are of restricted distribution and are known from relatively few, disjunct and generally numerically small populations, and as such are under threat from various natural and human-induced influences. The newly described subsp.
    [Show full text]